Module 8（易错题专项练习·语法提升）英语外研版三起六年级下册

Module 8 专题08 语法提升·易错题专项训练 高频易错点02 现在进行时的结构；动词原型变ing的规则 高频易错点03 It is+adj+to do形式主语句型 高频易错点01 由Why引导的特殊疑问句及回答 高频易错点、易错点提示、小练笔、答题点拨 易错精讲 高频易错点01 由Why引导的特殊疑问句及回答 易错精讲 核心用法1：Why引导的一般现在时特殊疑问句 核心功能：询问习惯性、经常性动作或状态的原因 句型结构： 主语为第一、二人称/复数：`Why do + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？` 主语为第三人称单数：`Why does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？` 关键要点：助动词 `do/does` 仅用于构成疑问句，无实际含义；动词必须使用原形 例句： Why do you have cups on your heads?（为什么你们头上有杯子？） Why does she take the subway to work?（她为什么乘地铁上班？） 答句规则：用 `Because + 完整句子` 直接说明原因 —Why do they practice English every day? —Because they want to speak it fluently. 核心用法2：Why引导的现在进行时特殊疑问句 核心功能：询问正在发生的动作的原因 句型结构： 主语为I：`Why am I + 动词现在分词 + 其他？` 主语为第三人称单数：`Why is + 主语 + 动词现在分词 + 其他？` 主语为you/复数：`Why are + 主语 + 动词现在分词 + 其他？` 关键要点：动词需变为现在分词（通常加-ing）；`am/is/are` 是构成现在进行时的助动词 例句： Why are you wearing a hat?（你为什么戴着帽子？） Why is he waiting outside the door?（他为什么在门外等？） 答句规则：用 `Because + 完整句子` 说明原因，可使用现在进行时或一般现在时 —Why are they laughing loudly? —Because they are watching a funny movie. 核心用法3：Why引导的一般过去时特殊疑问句 核心功能：询问过去发生动作的原因 句型结构：`Why did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？` 关键要点：助动词 `did` 适用于所有人称，无论主语是单数还是复数；动词必须使用原形 例句： Why did you go to Beijing last month?（你上个月为什么去北京？） Why did they plan to play a baseball game?（他们为什么曾计划打棒球比赛？） 答句规则：用 `Because + 完整句子` 说明原因，句子时态为一般过去时 —Why did Daming tell him the story? —Because he wanted to cheer him up. 易错点提示 1. 助动词与动词形式混淆： 一般现在时中，第三人称单数疑问句用 ‘does’，动词必须用原形（不能用 ‘goes’而要用 ‘go’） 一般过去时中，无论主语是谁，都用 ‘did’，动词必须用原形（不能用 ‘went’ 而要用‘go’） 2. 现在进行时的动词形式： 动词需变为现在分词，注意双写尾字母（如 ‘run → running’）和去e加-ing（如 ‘make → making’） 3.答句连接词： 回答Why引导的问句时，必须用 ‘Because’开头，不能用 ‘So’ 小练笔 1.Why ______ you often get up early?—Because I need to catch the first bus. 2.Why ______ she ______ (read) books in the library every weekend?—Because it’s quiet there. 3. Why ______ they ______ (clean) the classroom now?—Because their teacher asks them to. 4.Why ______ he ______ (cry) just now?—Because he lost his toy car. 5.为什么你昨天没完成作业？（翻译句子） ______ ______ you ______ your homework yesterday? 点拨 1.do主语是第二人称 you，一般现在时的特殊疑问句用助动词 do，动词用原形。 2.does; read主语是第三人称单数 she，一般现在时疑问句用助动词 does，动词必须用原形 read。 3.are; cleaning时间词 now 表明是现在进行时，主语是复数 they，所以用 are + 动词现在分词 cleaning。 4.did; cry时间词 just now 表明是一般过去时，助动词用 did，动词必须用原形 cry。 5.Why didn’t; finish一般过去时的否定疑问句结构是 Why didn’t + 主语 + 动词原形，“完成” 用动词原形 finish。 高频易错点02 现在进行时的结构；动词原型变ing的规则 易错精讲 1. 进行时结构 现在进行时：主语 + be动词（am/is/are）+ 动词-ing形式 + 其他。 用法：表示当前正在进行的动作或现阶段正在发生的情况。 2. 动词原形变ing的规则 一般情况：直接加-ing（play→playing、laugh→laughing、wear→wearing）； 以不发音的e结尾：去掉e加-ing（hide→hiding、take→taking，本模块无此类高频词，补充示例）； 重读闭音节（辅+元+辅）：双写尾字母加-ing（put→putting、run→running，本模块无此类高频词，补充示例）； 特殊情况：无特殊变形，模块内核心动词-ing形式均为规则变化。 易错点提示 进行时必须与be动词连用，不可单独使用动词-ing形式； 注意区分“be going to + 动词原形”（表将来计划）与“be + 动词-ing”（表当前进行）的用法。 小练笔 1.Look! The children ______ (play) football on the playground. 2.My sister ______ (wear) a new dress now. 3.—What ______ you ______ (do) at the moment? —I ______ (make) a card for my friend. 4.The cat ______ (run) after a mouse right now. 5.他们现在正在教室里听音乐。（翻译句子） They ______ ______ to music in the classroom now. 点拨 1.are playing标志词 Look! 表明动作正在进行，主语 children 是复数，所以用 are + playing。 2.is wearing标志词 now 表明动作正在进行，主语 my sister 是第三人称单数，所以用 is + wearing。 3. are; doing; am making标志词 at the moment 表明动作正在进行。第二人称 you 用 are + doing；第一人称 I 用 am + making。 4.is running标志词 right now 表明动作正在进行，主语 the cat 是第三人称单数。run 是重读闭音节单词，需要双写尾字母 n 再加 -ing，所以是 running。 5.are listening标志词 now 表明动作正在进行，主语 they 是复数，所以用 are + listening。 高频易错点03 It is+adj+to do形式主语句型 易错精讲 1. 核心结构 基本句型：It is + 形容词（adj）+ to do sth.（it为形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式to do sth.）。 含义：表示“做某事是……的”。 2. 文档例句 It's easy to make mistakes with English words.（做某事是……的） 3. 拓展应用 替换形容词：It's difficult to learn Chinese characters.（替换easy为difficult）； 替换不定式：It's important to listen carefully in class.（替换make mistakes with English words为listen carefully in class）。 易错点提示 形式主语it不可省略，不可直接用不定式作主语（避免句子结构失衡）； 形容词后必须接不定式to do，不可接动名词doing。 小练笔 1.It ______ (be) important ______ (learn) a foreign language. 2. It ______ (be) interesting ______ (travel) around the world. 3.It ______ (be) difficult ______ (finish) the task in one day. 4.It ______ (be) necessary ______ (wear) masks in crowded places. 5.保持健康是很重要的。（翻译句子） It's ______ ______ keep healthy. 点拨 1. is; to learn这是 It is + 形容词 + to do sth. 的标准结构，形容词是 important，真正主语是 to learn a foreign language。 2.is; to travel形容词是 interesting，真正主语是 to travel around the world，用 is 保持主谓一致。 3. is; to finish形容词是 difficult，真正主语是 to finish the task in one day，形式主语 it 对应 is。 4. is; to wear形容词是 necessary，真正主语是 to wear masks in crowded places，符合该句型结构。 5. important; to直接套用句型 It's + 形容词 + to do sth.，“重要的” 用 important，后面接不定式 to keep healthy。 综合训练 一、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1. They ______ (be) late for the meeting yesterday because of the heavy rain. 2. My brother ______ (do) his homework at 7 o'clock last night. 3. —Why ______ you ______ (go) to the bookstore just now? —Because I wanted to buy a storybook. 4. It ______ (be) difficult ______ (solve) this math problem. 5. Look! The girls ______ (dance) in the classroom. 6. She ______ (not like) playing basketball when she was young. 7. —What ______ your parents ______ (do) at the moment? —They ______ (cook) dinner. 8. It ______ (be) important ______ (obey) the traffic rules. 9. Why ______ he ______ (cry) so loudly yesterday evening? 10. The students ______ (read) English aloud now. 11. My father ______ (not watch) TV last night. He ______ (work) on the computer. 12. It ______ (be) interesting ______ (visit) the science museum. 13. —Why ______ she ______ (wear) a raincoat today? —Because it is going to rain. 14. They ______ (play) football on the playground at this time yesterday. 15. It ______ (be) easy ______ (learn) to swim if you practice often. 16. We ______ (have) a picnic in the park last Sunday. 17. Why ______ your sister ______ (study) French every weekend? 18. The baby ______ (sleep) when his mother came back. 19. It ______ (be) necessary ______ (finish) the work before Friday. 20. He ______ (not attend) the party yesterday because he was ill. 二、单项选择题 ( )1. —Why ______ you ______ late for school this morning? —Because my bike broke down. A. do；are B. did；be C. did；are D. did；were ( )2. It's important ______ us ______ English well. A. for；to learn B. to；learn C. for；learn D. to；to learn ( )3. —What ______ they ______ at 9 p.m. yesterday? —They were watching TV. A. do；do B. did；do C. were；doing D. are；doing ( )4. Why ______ she ______ to the library every Saturday? A. do；go B. does；go C. did；go D. is；going ( )5. It ______ interesting ______ kites in spring. A. is；fly B. was；fly C. is；to fly D. was；to fly ( )6. —Did you see Tom just now? —No, I didn't. He ______ basketball on the playground. A. plays B. played C. is playing D. was playing ( )7. Why ______ you ______ your homework yet? A. haven't；finished B. didn't；finish C. don't；finish D. aren't；finishing ( )8. It ______ difficult ______ him ______ finish the task alone. A. is；for；to B. is；to；to C. was；for；/ D. was；to；/ ( )9. —______ your mother ______ in the kitchen now? —Yes, she is cooking dinner. A. Do；cook B. Did；cook C. Is；cooking D. Was；cooking ( )10. Why ______ they ______ the meeting yesterday? A. didn't；attend B. don't；attend C. aren't；attending D. weren't；attending ( )11. It's necessary ______ us ______ wash our hands before meals. A. for；to B. to；to C. for；/ D. to；/ ( )12. —What ______ you ______ when the teacher came in? —I was reading a book. A. do；do B. did；do C. are；doing D. were；doing ( )13. Why ______ he ______ so happy today? A. is；looking B. does；look C. did；look D. was；looking ( )14. It ______ great ______ with friends on weekends. A. is；to hang out B. was；hang out C. is；hang out D. was；to hang out ( )15. —Did they go to the cinema last night? —No, they didn't. They ______ at home. A. stay B. stayed C. are staying D. were staying ( )16. Why ______ your father ______ to work by bike every day? A. do；go B. does；go C. did；go D. is；going ( )17. It ______ important ______ we should protect the environment. A. is；that B. was；that C. is；which D. was；which ( )18. —What ______ she ______ when you called her? —She was shopping. A. do；do B. did；do C. are；doing D. was；doing ( )19. Why ______ you ______ to the party last night? A. didn't；come B. don't；come C. aren't；coming D. weren't；coming ( )20. we ______ a picnic in the mountains. A. is；have B. was；have C. are；having D. are；have 三、句型转换 1. They are playing football on the playground.（对画线部分提问） ______ ______ they ______ on the playground? 2. It's easy to learn English.（改为否定句） It ______ ______ to learn English. 3. He went to school late because he got up late.（对画线部分提问） ______ ______ he ______ to school late? 4. They were watching TV when I arrived.（改为一般疑问句） ______ they ______ TV when I arrived? 5. 做运动对健康有益。（翻译句子） It's good for health ______ ______ ______. 6. She does her homework every evening.（对画线部分提问） ______ ______ she ______ every evening? 7. It's difficult to climb this mountain.（改为同义句） Climbing this mountain ______ ______. 8. Why did they leave early yesterday?（用 because 回答） ______ they had an important meeting. 9. The children are singing in the classroom.（改为否定句） The children ______ ______ in the classroom. 10. 每天读英语很重要。（翻译句子） ______ ______ ______ read English every day. 11. He bought a new pen because his old one was broken.（对画线部分提问） ______ ______ he ______ a new pen? 12. It's interesting to visit the Great Wall.（改为感叹句） ______ ______ it is to visit the Great Wall! 13. They were playing games at 4 p.m. yesterday.（对画线部分提问） ______ ______ they ______ at 4 p.m. yesterday? 14. Why is she crying?（用 because 回答） ______ ______ she lost her favorite toy. 15. 学好数学不容易。（翻译句子） ______ ______ ______ to learn math well. 16. We have English classes every Monday.（对画线部分提问） ______ ______ you ______ English classes? 17. It's necessary to wear warm clothes in winter.（改为同义句） ______ warm clothes in winter ______ necessary. 18. Why was he late for the meeting?（用 because 回答） ______ ______ he missed the bus. 19. The students are listening to the teacher carefully.（改为一般疑问句） ______ the students ______ to the teacher carefully? 20. 上网聊天很有趣。（翻译句子） ______ ______ ______ chat online. 参考答案 一、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1. were（主语 they 是复数，结合 yesterday 可知用一般过去时，be 动词用 were） 2. was doing（at 7 o'clock last night 是过去进行时标志，主语单数，结构为 was + 动词-ing） 3. did；go（just now 提示一般过去时，Why 引导的疑问句用助动词 did，动词用原形） 4. is；to solve（It is + 形容词 + to do sth. 固定句型，“解决”用不定式 to solve） 5. are dancing（Look! 是现在进行时标志，主语复数，用 are + dancing） 6. didn't like（when she was young 提示一般过去时，否定句用 didn't + 动词原形） 7. are；doing；are cooking（at the moment 是现在进行时标志，第二人称用 are doing，第一人称复数用 are cooking） 8. is；to obey（It is + 形容词 + to do sth. 句型，“遵守”用不定式 to obey） 9. did；cry（yesterday evening 提示一般过去时，助动词用 did，动词用原形） 10. are reading（now 是现在进行时标志，主语复数，用 are + reading） 11. didn't watch；was working（last night 提示时态，前半句否定句用 didn't watch，后半句强调同时进行用过去进行时 was working） 12. is；to visit（It is + 形容词 + to do sth. 句型，“参观”用不定式 to visit） 13. does；wear（every weekend 提示一般现在时，主语第三人称单数，助动词用 does，动词用原形） 14. were playing（at this time yesterday 是过去进行时标志，主语复数，用 were + playing） 15. is；to learn（It is + 形容词 + to do sth. 句型，“学习”用不定式 to learn） 16. had（last Sunday 提示一般过去时，have 的过去式为 had） 17. does；study（every weekend 提示一般现在时，主语第三人称单数，助动词用 does，动词用原形） 18. was sleeping（when 引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，主语单数用 was sleeping） 19. is；to finish（It is + 形容词 + to do sth. 句型，“完成”用不定式 to finish） 20. didn't attend（yesterday 提示一般过去时，否定句用 didn't + 动词原形） 二、单项选择题 1. D（this morning 提示一般过去时，Why 疑问句用 did，主语 you 搭配 were，故选 D） 2. A（It's + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth. 固定结构，“对某人来说做某事……”，故选 A） 3. C（at 9 p.m. yesterday 是过去进行时标志，结构为 were/was + doing，故选 C） 4. B（every Saturday 提示一般现在时，主语第三人称单数，助动词用 does，动词用原形，故选 B） 5. C（描述客观事实用一般现在时，It's + 形容词 + to do sth. 句型，故选 C） 6. D（just now 提示时态，结合语境“当时正在打篮球”用过去进行时，故选 D） 7. A（yet 是现在完成时标志，否定句结构为 haven't + 过去分词，故选 A） 8. A（It's + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth. 固定结构，“对某人来说做某事……”，故选 A） 9. C（now 是现在进行时标志，一般疑问句将 is 提前，故选 C） 10. A（yesterday 提示一般过去时，否定疑问句用 didn't + 动词原形，故选 A） 11. A（It's necessary for sb. to do sth. 固定结构，“对某人来说做某事有必要”，故选 A） 12. D（when 引导从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时，故选 D） 13. B（today 提示一般现在时，主语第三人称单数，助动词用 does，动词用原形，故选 B） 14. A（描述一般情况用一般现在时，It's + 形容词 + to do sth. 句型，故选 A） 15. B（last night 提示一般过去时，“待在家”用 stayed，故选 B） 16. B（every day 提示一般现在时，主语第三人称单数，助动词用 does，动词用原形，故选 B） 17. A（It's important that... 固定句型，“……很重要”，故选 A） 18. D（when 引导从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时，故选 D） 19. A（last night 提示一般过去时，否定疑问句用 didn't + 动词原形，故选 A） 20. C （“are having” 是现在进行时结构，表示 “正在进行野餐”，符合语法和语义逻辑，故选 C） 三、句型转换 1. What are；doing（对动作提问用 What，现在进行时疑问句将 are 提前，动词用 doing） 2. isn't easy（否定句在 is 后加 not，缩写为 isn't，形容词 easy 不变） 3. Why did；go（对原因提问用 Why，一般过去时加助动词 did，动词还原为 go） 4. Were；watching（过去进行时一般疑问句将 were 提前，动词用 watching） 5. to do sports（It's good for sth. to do sth. 句型，“做运动”用 to do sports） 6. What does；do（对动作提问用 What，一般现在时加助动词 does，动词还原为 do） 7. is difficult（同义句转换，“爬山很难”直接用主语 + be + 形容词，故填 is difficult） 8. Because（Why 问句用 Because 回答，后接完整句子） 9. aren't singing（现在进行时否定句在 are 后加 not，缩写为 aren't） 10. It's important to（直接套用 It's + 形容词 + to do sth. 句型） 11. Why did；buy（对原因提问用 Why，一般过去时加助动词 did，动词还原为 buy） 12. How interesting（感叹句结构为 How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语，故填 How interesting） 13. What were；doing（对动作提问用 What，过去进行时疑问句将 were 提前，动词用 doing） 14. Because（Why 问句用 Because 回答，后接完整句子） 15. It's not easy（直接套用 It's + 形容词 + to do sth. 句型，否定在 is 后加 not） 16. When do；have（对时间提问用 When，一般现在时加助动词 do，动词用 have） 17. Wearing；is（同义句转换，动名词作主语，谓语用单数 is） 18. Because（Why 问句用 Because 回答，后接完整句子） 19. Are；listening（现在进行时一般疑问句将 are 提前，动词用 listening） 20. It's interesting to（直接套用 It's + 形容词 + to do sth. 句型） 第 1 页 共 14 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $