Unit5 Natural disasters基础知识巩固训练-2025-2026学年沪教版（五四制）英语八年级下册

沪教版（五四制）英语八年级下册 Unit5 Natural disasters基础知识巩固训练 一、本单元单词测试（根据英文释义写单词） 1. n. 自然灾害 __________ 1. n. 地震；震动 __________ 1. n. 洪水；水灾 v. 淹没 __________ 1. n. 台风；飓风 __________ 1. n. 雷暴；暴雨 __________ 1. v. 摇晃；颤抖 n. 震动 __________ 1. adj. 可怕的；糟糕的；极度的 __________ 1. v. 倒塌；跌倒 n. 落下 __________ 1. n. 废墟；毁坏 v. 毁灭 __________ 1. v. 救助；拯救 n. 救援 __________ 1. n. 幸存者；生还者 __________ 1. v. 受伤；损害 adj. 受伤的 __________ 1. n. 死亡；消亡 v. 死（过去式）__________ 1. adj. 被困的；陷入困境的 __________ 1. v. 躲藏；躲避 n. 藏身之处 __________ 1. n. 警报；警告 v. 警告 __________ 1. adj. 突然的；意外的 adv. 突然 __________ 1. v. 保护；防卫 n. 保护 __________ 1. n. 力量；力气；实力 __________ 1. n. 灾难；不幸 __________ 1. v. 逃跑；逃离 __________ 1. adj. 危险的 n. 危险 __________ 1. n. 电；电力 adj. 用电的 __________ 1. v. 呼吸 n. 呼吸 __________ 1. n. 勇气；胆量 __________ 二、重点单词词性转换（含派生词、词形变化，一空一词） 1. nature（n.自然）→__________（adj.自然的）→__________（n.自然灾害） 2. disaster（n.灾难）→__________（pl.复数）→__________（adj.灾难性的） 3. earth（n.地球）→__________（n.地震）→__________（adj.地球的） 4. flood（n./v.洪水）→__________（pl.复数）→__________（adj.泛滥的） 5. shake（v./n.摇晃）→__________（过去式）→__________（过去分词） 6. terrible（adj.可怕的）→__________（adv.可怕地）→__________（n.恐怖） 7. fall（v./n.倒塌）→__________（过去式）→__________（过去分词） 8. destroy（v.毁灭）→__________（n.毁灭）→__________（adj.被毁坏的） 9. save（v.拯救）→__________（n.拯救者）→__________（adj.拯救的） 10. survive（v.幸存）→__________（n.幸存者）→__________（n.生存） 11. hurt（v./adj.受伤）→__________（过去式）→__________（过去分词） 12. die（v.死亡）→_______n.死亡）→_______（adj.死的）→_______（adj.垂死的） 13. trap（v./n.困住）→__________（过去式）→__________（adj.被困的） 14. warn（v.警告）→__________（n.警告）→__________（adj.警告的） 15. sudden（adj.突然的）→__________（adv.突然）→__________（n.突然） 16. protect（v.保护）→__________（n.保护）→__________（adj.保护性的） 17. strong（adj.强壮的）→__________（n.力量）→__________（adv.坚强地） 18. danger（n.危险）→__________（adj.危险的）→__________（adj.无危险的） 19. electric（adj.电的）→__________（n.电力）→__________（adv.用电地） 20. breathe（v.呼吸）→__________（n.呼吸）→__________（adj.呼吸的） 三、短语翻译（中英互译，注意固定搭配与词性搭配） 汉译英 1. 发生自然灾害 __________ 2. 地震逃生技巧 __________ 3. 洪水泛滥 __________ 4. 遭遇台风 __________ 5. 剧烈摇晃 __________ 6. 倒塌的建筑物 __________ 7. 在废墟中 __________ 8. 实施救援 __________ 9. 受伤的人们 __________ 10. 被困在电梯里 __________ 11. 发出警报 __________ 12. 突然发生 __________ 13. 保护自己免受伤害 __________ 14. 逃离危险 __________ 15. 保持冷静 __________ 英译汉 1. natural disaster prevention __________ 2. feel the ground shake __________ 3. cut off the electricity __________ 4. hold on to a strong table __________ 5. provide help for survivors __________ 6. in times of danger __________ 7. lose one's life __________ 8. take safety measures __________ 9. difficulty in breathing __________ 10. build up courage __________ 四、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Many people lost their homes in the __________ (nature) disaster last year. 2. The strong wind caused by the typhoon __________ (destroy) many houses near the sea yesterday. 3. When the earthquake happened, people could feel the ground __________ (shake) heavily. 4. A lot of __________ (survive) were saved by the firemen after the flood. 5. He __________ (hurt) his leg when he was running away from the falling building. 6. It's important for us __________ (keep) calm when a natural disaster happens. 7. The police __________ (warn) people not to go out because of the coming storm so far. 8. Many people were __________ (trap) in the subway because of the heavy rain. 9. We should learn how __________ (protect) ourselves from danger in daily life. 10. The little boy showed great __________ (brave) when he was alone in the earthquake. 11. More and more __________ (build) fell down as the earthquake went on. 12. She had difficulty __________ (breathe) after running for a long time in the smoke. 13. The government provided a lot of food for the __________ (home) people after the disaster. 14. If you __________ (not, take) safety measures, you will be in great danger. 15. They __________ (search) for the missing child in the ruins for three hours by the time the sun rose. 16. The sudden flood __________ (wash) away hundreds of sheep in the village last week. 17. It's necessary for us to learn some __________ (safe) rules about natural disasters. 18. He __________ (run) out of the room as soon as he heard the alarm ring. 19. The firemen __________ (save) more than 50 people since the disaster started. 20. We should do something to prevent the river from __________ (flood) the farmland. 21. The __________ (die) of his dog made him very sad after the typhoon. 22. She sat under the desk and __________ (hold) on to it tightly during the earthquake. 23. The teacher told us that light travels __________ (fast) than sound. 24. After the storm, the street __________ (cover) with fallen trees and broken glass. 25. We must finish __________ (build) the new house before the next typhoon comes. 五、根据首字母提示完成填空。 1. A strong e__________ hit the city last night, and many buildings fell down. 2. The heavy rain caused a big f__________, and the whole village was under water. 3. We should stay at home when a t__________ is coming, because it's very dangerous outside. 4. When the ground starts to s__________, we should run to an open place quickly. 5. It's t__________ to see the houses falling down in the disaster. 6. Many people were hurt and some even lost their lives in the d__________. 7. The firemen tried their best to s__________ the people trapped in the ruins. 8. He h__________ his head when he fell down from the bike during the storm. 9. The police gave a w__________ that the storm would arrive in two hours. 10. The accident happened s__________, and no one was ready for it. 11. We should learn to p__________ ourselves when natural disasters come. 12. Many people tried to e__________ from the burning building as quickly as possible. 13. Don't go near the river. It's in great d__________ after the heavy rain. 14. The e__________ was cut off, so we had to use candles at night. 15. The little girl had difficulty in b__________ because of the thick smoke. 16. He showed great c__________ when he helped the old man out of the flood. 17. Many s__________ were found in the ruins after three days' search. 18. The workers are still clearing the r__________ after the earthquake. 19. She was t__________ in the lift for two hours before someone came to save her. 20. We must keep c__________ in face of danger, or we will make wrong decisions. 六、完形填空（选择最佳选项） Natural disasters are terrible events that happen around the world every year. They can cause great damage to our homes and even take away our lives. It's very important for us to learn how to protect ourselves when a natural disaster 1. When an earthquake happens, the first thing we need to do is to 2 calm. We should not run around in a hurry. If we are in a building, we can hide under a strong table or desk and 3 on to it tightly. We must stay away from windows and 4 buildings. If we are outside, we should run to an 5 place, such as a square or a park, and stay away from trees and power lines. When a flood comes, we should 6 to a higher place as soon as possible. We must not walk or drive through the 7 water, because it may be deeper than it looks. If a typhoon is coming, we should 8 all the windows and stay inside our homes. We should also prepare some food and water in case the electricity or water supply is 9 off. In a word, learning about natural disaster safety is very important. We should remember these rules and 10 them in our daily life. Only in this way can we keep ourselves safe when disasters come. ( )1. A. happens B. will happen C. happened D. is happening ( )2. A. make B. keep C. get D. take ( )3. A. hold B. put C. take D. carry ( )4. A. strong B. new C. tall D. falling ( )5. A. closed B. small C. open D. crowded ( )6. A. walk B. run C. jump D. swim ( )7. A. deep B. shallow C. clear D. dirty ( )8. A. open B. break C. close D. clean ( )9. A. cut B. taken C. put D. turned ( )10. A. forget B. practice C. change D. lose 七、汉译英（一空一词，注意时态、句型、固定搭配与语态） 1. 昨天一场强烈的地震袭击了这座小镇。 A strong earthquake __________ this small town yesterday. 2. 当灾难发生时，保持冷静对我们来说很重要。 It's important for us __________ __________ __________ when a disaster happens. 3. 消防员们正在废墟中搜寻幸存者。 The firemen __________ __________ __________ survivors in the ruins. 4. 我们应该学会保护自己免受自然灾害的伤害。 We should learn to __________ __________ __________ natural disasters. 5. 洪水冲走了村庄里的许多房子。 The flood __________ __________ many houses in the village. 6. 数百人在这场台风中失去了生命。 __________ __________ people __________ __________ __________ in the typhoon. 7. 他被困在电梯里，直到消防员到来才出来。 He __________ __________ in the lift __________ the firemen came. 8. 政府为受灾群众提供了大量的食物和水。 The government __________ a lot of food and water __________ the people in the disaster area. 9. 当地震来临时，不要靠近窗户和倒塌的建筑物。 When an earthquake comes, don't get ________ ________ windows and ________ buildings. 10. 我们必须采取安全措施来预防自然灾害。 We must __________ __________ __________ to __________ natural disasters. 11. 她因为浓烟而呼吸困难。 She __________ __________ __________ __________ because of the thick smoke. 12. 这场突如其来的雷暴给城市造成了巨大的损失。 The __________ thunderstorm __________ great __________ to the city. 参考答案 一、本单元单词测试. 1.natural disaster 2. earthquake 3. flood 4. typhoon 5. thunderstorm 6.shake 7. terrible 8. fall 9. ruin 10. save 11.survivor 12. hurt 13. death 14. trapped 15. hide 16.warn 17. sudden 18. protect 19. strength 20. disaster 21.escape 22. dangerous 23. electricity 24. breathe 25. courage 二、重点单词词性转换. 1. natural; natural disaster 2. disasters; disastrous 3. earthquake; earthly 4. floods; flooded 5. shook; shaken 6. terribly; terror 7. fell; fallen 8. destruction; destroyed 9. saver; saving 10. survivor; survival 11. hurt; hurt 12. death; dead; dying 13. trapped; trapped 14. warning; warning 15. suddenly; suddenness 16. protection; protective 17. strength; strongly 18. dangerous; safe 19. electricity; electrically 20. breath; breathing 三、短语翻译 汉译英 1. have natural disasters 2. earthquake escape skills 3. the flood overflows 4. suffer from a typhoon 5. shake violently 6. fallen buildings 7. in the ruins 8. carry out rescue 9. injured people 10. be trapped in the lift 11. give an alarm 12. happen suddenly 13. protect oneself from being hurt 14. escape from danger 15. keep calm 英译汉 1. 自然灾害预防 2. 感觉到地面摇晃 3. 切断电源 4. 抓住牢固的桌子 5. 为幸存者提供帮助 6. 在危险时刻 7. 失去生命 8. 采取安全措施 9. 呼吸困难 10. 树立勇气 四、用所给单词的适当形式填空. 1. natural 2. destroyed 3. shaking 4. survivors 5. hurt 6.to keep 7. have warned 8. trapped 9. to protect 10. bravery 11.buildings 12. breathing 13. homeless 14. don't take 15. had searched 16.washed 17. safety 18. ran 19. have saved 20. flooding 21.death 22. held 23. faster 24. was covered 25. building 五、根据首字母提示完成填空. 1. earthquake 2. flood 3. typhoon 4. shake 5. terrible 6.disaster 7. save 8. hurt 9. warning 10. suddenly 11.protect 12. escape 13. danger 14. electricity 15. breathing 16.courage 17. survivors 18. ruins 19. trapped 20. calm 六、完形填空. 1.A 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.A 10.B 七、汉译英. 1. hit 2. to keep calm 3. are searching for 4. protect ourselves from 5. washed away 6. Hundreds of; lost their lives 7. was trapped; until 8. provided; for 9. close to; falling 10. take safety measures; prevent 11. had difficulty in breathing 12. sudden; caused; damage 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $