精品解析：广东省大湾区2025-2026学年第一学期期末综合练习题高二英语试题

普通高中2025—2026学年第一学期期末综合练习题 高二英语 本试卷共8页，满分120分。练习用时120分钟。 注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的学校、班级、姓名、考场号、座位号和准考证号填写在答题卡上，将条形码横贴在答题卡“条形码粘贴处”。 2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上将对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。 3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。 4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。练习结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Essential Devices for Smart Homes Smart homes are no longer a futuristic fantasy — they’re the present and developing rapidly. Whether you’re a beginner or already deep into home automation, here are some essential devices that should be part of every modern smart home in 2026. Smart Hubs: the Central Brain Gone are the days of separate systems. Today’s smart hubs act as centralized control centers, supporting various wireless technologies like Zigbee, Z-Wave, Matter, and Wi-Fi. A smart home hub offers homeowners smooth control over lighting, heating, security and more — all from a single app on your phone or tablet. AI Security Cameras: Your Watchful Eyes Security is the number one reason homeowners invest in smart tech. Unlike conventional cameras that simply record video, modern security cameras, equipped with AI, have taken a leap particularly with features like facial recognition as well as real-time alerts and even vehicle identification. Some also provide local storage, 4k picture quality and AI-based threat detection, keeping your home safer. Smart Thermostats: for Comfort and Savings A Smart Thermostat does more than just set the temperature. It can also learn your daily schedule and preferences. Then it automatically adjusts the temperature when you are away or asleep based on weather forecast. This smart adjustment can cut energy costs by up to 25%, reducing your carbon footprint while increasing comfort and saving money. Leak & Smoke Detectors: for disaster Prevention These devices provide crucial protection for your home. They offer real-time alerts to water leaks or smoke, and can even automatically shut off water supplies or alert local emergency services. By acting early, these systems can prevent thousands of dollars in potential property damage. 1. What is the main function of a smart hub? A. To serve as a control center. B. To support wireless tech. C. To replace separate systems. D. To offer absolute control. 2. What is homeowners’ primary motivation for buying smart devices? A. Better quality. B. More functions. C. Improved safety. D. Enlarged storage. 3. Which device is eco-friendly? A. A smart hub. B. A smart thermostat. C. A smoke detector. D. An AI security camera. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了2026年现代智能家居中一些必不可少的设备及其功能。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Smart Hubs: the Central Brain部分中“Today’s smart hubs act as centralized control centers, supporting various wireless technologies like Zigbee, Z-Wave, matter, and Wi-Fi.(如今的智能集线器充当集中控制中心，支持各种无线技术，如Zigbee、Z-Wave、Matter和Wi-Fi)”可知，智能集线器的主要功能是充当控制中心。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据AI Security cameras: Your Watchful Eyes部分中“Security is the number one reason homeowners invest in smart tech.(安全是房主投资智能科技的首要原因)”可知，房主购买智能设备的主要动机是提高安全性。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据Smart Thermostats: for Comfort and Savings部分中“This smart adjustment can cut energy costs by up to 25%, reducing your carbon footprint while increasing comfort and saving money.(这种智能调节可以降低高达25%的能源成本，在提高舒适度的同时减少碳足迹并节省资金)”可知，智能恒温器可以降低能源成本，减少碳足迹。由此推知，智能恒温器是环保的。故选B。 B My life was going fine until one day I was found to have IgA nephropathy, a rare and serious kidney (肾) disease, making my life fall apart like glass into a million pieces. Thinking about my husband and my six-year-old daughter, I struggled to adapt myself to the tough reality for a while. But as days passed and I started treatment, I realized this was how my life was going to be. I stopped crying, blaming, and victimizing myself. I made a conscious choice to be positive and began thinking about how I could make my life smoother and overcome this challenge. I learned everything I could from my doctors and read more about the disease. It was a relief to discover that while severe, it is not always fatal. This realization transformed what once seemed like a death sentence into a wake-up call to make the most of every moment. Between the two treatment paths of lifelong dialysis (透析) and a transplant (移植), I chose the latter and committed myself to it by strictly following medical advice and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. It was a demanding process filled with strict diets and frequent check-ups. Through the difficult journey, however, I became firmly aware of the fact that my family were a strong support system, always reminding me that I was never alone in this battle. My heart was filled with deep gratitude for them, and gradually I developed a sense of gratitude for the little blessings that often go unnoticed in my life — like the air I breathe, the clean water I drink, the friends I share joys and sorrows with, the celebrations I enjoy and so much more. Wanting to preserve these feelings, I founded a Gratitude app to record them. Although still a patient, I am convinced that we all can sail through tough times with grace by staying grateful in our hearts. 4. Why does the author mention “glass” in paragraph 1? A. To detail the cause of her disease. B. To indicate a positive change. C. To illustrate a sudden breakdown. D. To explain a medical condition. 5. What made the author feel relieved? A The doctors gave her useful advice. B. Her condition had started to improve. C. The disease was found not always deadly. D. She fully understood the treatment process. 6. What did the author learn from this tough experience? A. The choice of staying positive to face illness. B. The importance of strictly following doctors’ advice. C. The positive effect of a healthy lifestyle on recovery. D. The gratitude for family’s support and other little joys. 7. What is the author’s attitude towards her battle with the disease? A Hopeful. B. Carefree. C. Passive. D. Mixed. 【答案】4. C 5. C 6. D 7. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者被确诊患上罕见且严重的IgA肾病后，以积极的心态面对，选择肾移植并严格配合治疗，在这段艰难的旅程中感受到家人的强大支持，也学会感恩生活中的点滴美好，还为此创立了感恩应用程序，坚信心怀感恩能让人优雅地度过困境。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段内容“My life was going fine until one day I was found to have IgA nephropathy, a rare and serious kidney (肾) disease, making my life fall apart like glass into a million pieces. (我的生活原本一切顺利，直到有一天我被确诊患上了IgA肾病，一种罕见且严重的肾病，这让我的生活像玻璃一样碎成无数片，彻底崩塌。)”可知，作者将患病后的生活比作摔碎的玻璃，是为了形象地说明自己的生活因这场突如其来的重病发生了骤然的崩塌。故选C。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段内容“I learned everything I could from my doctors and read more about the disease. It was a relief to discover that while severe, it is not always fatal. (我从医生那里了解了所有能了解的知识，还阅读了更多关于这种疾病的资料。当发现这种病虽然严重，但并非总是致命的时候，我松了一口气。)”可知，作者感到宽慰的原因是发现这种肾病并非总是致命的。故选C。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Through the difficult journey, however, I became firmly aware of the fact that my family were a strong support system, always reminding me that I was never alone in this battle. My heart was filled with deep gratitude for them, and gradually I developed a sense of gratitude for the little blessings that often go unnoticed in my life — like the air I breathe, the clean water I drink, the friends I share joys and sorrows with, the celebrations I enjoy and so much more. (然而，在这段艰难的旅程中，我深刻意识到家人是我强大的后盾，他们总是提醒我，在这场战斗中我从来都不是一个人。我心中对他们充满了深深的感激，也逐渐学会感恩生活中那些常常被忽视的点滴美好——比如我呼吸的空气、饮用的清水、与我同甘共苦的朋友、参与的各种庆祝活动等等。)”可知，作者从这段艰难的经历中学会了感恩家人的支持，也感恩生活中的那些点滴美好。故选D。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段“Although still a patient, I am convinced that we all can sail through tough times with grace by staying grateful in our hearts. (虽然我仍然是一个病人，但我相信，只要心存感激，我们都能优雅地度过艰难的时期。)”可知，作者在与疾病的抗争中，始终抱有充满希望的态度。故选A。 C From house pets to marine life, animals are now developing the same chronic (慢性的) diseases as humans, such as diabetes, joint disorders and cancer. These diseases are becoming increasingly common, yet the scientific community still lacks broad, cross-field research that explains why they are on the rise in so many species. It is essential to understand these trends as the same factors influencing animal health often affect humans as well. To improve monitoring and management of chronic diseases in animals, a recent study, led by animal scientist Mataragka, assesses chronic diseases’ occurrence among different animal groups and examines how specific risk factors contribute to disease development. Every animal gets strengths as well as weaknesses from its parents. Some animals have been selectively bred (育种) for specific purposes over generations, which can sometimes lead to a higher risk of certain genetic disorders. For instance, dogs and cats that have been selectively bred for appearance and livestock bred for productivity show higher rates of chronic diseases. In addition, environmental changes, such as global warming and habitat decline, increase the frequency and severity of harmful exposures. Warming oceans are related with higher cancer rates in marine life. In cities, rising temperatures and poor air quality contribute to chronic diseases in companion animals. “The absence of early diagnostic (诊断的) systems delays the detection of diseases in animals,” says Mataragka. “While medical organizations provide extensive data on chronic diseases rate in humans, similar detailed statistics for animals are scarce. This indicates the need for more comprehensive research and enhanced monitoring in animal health to better understand and address these issues.” The study proposes strategies to reduce chronic diseases at four aspects: individual, group, ecosystem, and policy. Mataragka hopes this integrated approach will support more joint monitoring of animals, people, and ecosystems and help identify early warning signs of rising chronic diseases. By recognizing shared drivers of chronic diseases, researchers and policymakers may be better equipped to reduce disease risks across species. 8. What do we know about the present research on animal chronic diseases? A. It is developing slowly. B. It affects human health. C. It covers various animals. D. It calls for joint studies. 9. What are the main factors causing animal chronic diseases? A. Appearance and stress. B. Diet and temperature. C. Gene and surroundings. D. Habits and companions. 10. What does the underlined word “scarce” mean in paragraph 5? A. Limited. B. Economical. C. reliable. D. Identical. 11. How can we practise the integrated approach? A. By monitoring ecosystem. B. By acting at multiple levels. C. By detecting early warnings. D. By equipping policymakers. 【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，分析了引发动物慢性疾病的主要因素，指出动物慢性病诊断数据的缺失问题，并介绍了研究提出的多维度应对策略，旨在通过跨物种的联合研究降低疾病风险。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段内容“These diseases are becoming increasingly common, yet the scientific community still lacks broad, cross-field research that explains why they are on the rise in so many species. (这些疾病正变得越来越普遍，但科学界仍然缺乏广泛的、跨领域的研究来解释为何这么多物种的患病概率都在上升。)”，以及最后一段内容“Mataragka hopes this integrated approach will support more joint monitoring of animals, people, and ecosystems and help identify early warning signs of rising chronic diseases. (Mataragka希望这种综合方法能支持对动物、人类和生态系统进行更多的联合监测，并帮助识别慢性疾病发病率上升的早期预警信号。)”可知，目前关于动物慢性疾病的研究缺乏跨领域的广泛探索，相关研究呼吁开展联合研究。故选D。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Some animals have been selectively bred(育种)for specific purposes over generations, which can sometimes lead to a higher risk of certain genetic disorders. (有些动物为了特定目的经过了几代的选择性育种，这有时会导致患某些遗传性疾病的风险升高。)”，以及第四段内容“In addition, environmental changes, such as global warming and habitat decline, increase the frequency and severity of harmful exposures. (此外，全球变暖、栖息地减少等环境变化，增加了动物遭受有害影响的频率和严重程度。)”可知，引发动物慢性疾病的主要因素是基因和环境。故选C。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段内容“While medical organizations provide extensive data on chronic diseases rate in humans, similar detailed statistics for animals are scarce. (虽然医疗机构提供了大量关于人类慢性病发病率的数据，但有关动物的类似详细统计数据scarce。)”可知，画线词前的“while”表示转折，前文提及人类慢性病数据“extensive（大量的）”，因此“scarce”应表示与之相反的含义，即“有限的、稀缺的”。A“有限的”符合语境，故选A。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容“The study proposes strategies to reduce chronic diseases at four aspects: individual, group, ecosystem, and policy. Mataragka hopes this integrated approach will support more joint monitoring of animals, people, and ecosystems and help identify early warning signs of rising chronic diseases. (该研究从个体、群体、生态系统和政策四个方面提出了降低慢性疾病的策略。Mataragka希望这种综合方法能支持对动物、人类和生态系统进行更多的联合监测，并帮助识别慢性疾病发病率上升的早期预警信号。)”可知，这种综合方法是从多个层面采取行动，以此践行该方法。故选B。 D The force of a volcanic eruption is closely tied to how many gas bubbles (气泡) appear within rising magma (岩浆). For many years, scientists believed that most bubbles developed only when magma rose and the surrounding pressure fell. High pressure keeps gases mixed with the hot liquid rock, but when pressure decreases, gases escape and form bubbles. As bubbles build up, the magma rises faster and sometimes erupts violently. This process can be compared to opening a bottle of coke. When the bottle is closed, pressure keeps gas in the liquid. Removing the cap reduces that pressure, allowing gas to separate into bubbles. These bubbles rise rapidly, carrying the liquid upward and producing a sudden rush of liquid. However, this established theory failed to explain why some gas-rich volcanoes like Mount St. Helens sometimes burst out gently even though they have the power to blow up violently. This contradiction led researchers to find another way bubbles can form: friction (摩擦) forces. The new study demonstrates that simple friction within moving magma can also generate bubbles. Imagine stirring honey in a container — the honey near the spoon moves quickly while honey touching the container walls moves slowly. Similarly, in volcanic paths, magma near the walls travels more slowly than magma in the center. This difference in speed creates friction that can form bubbles even without a pressure drop. Laboratory experiments confirmed that when this friction is strong enough, it causes bubbles to form. This explains previously puzzling volcanic behavior: strong friction creates connected bubble channels in gas-rich magma, which allows gas to escape gradually. This early and steady loss of gas prevents the dangerous pressure buildup that would otherwise lead to an explosion. These findings provide crucial advances in volcanology. Adding friction-driven bubble formation to predictive models helps scientists better understand why some volcanoes erupt violently while others come out in slow, steady streams. This enhanced understanding will ultimately improve eruption forecasting accuracy and strengthen protective measures for communities near active volcanoes worldwide. 12. What was the traditional explanation for bubble formation in magma? A. Friction forces. B. Temperature rise. C. Chemical reactions. D. Pressure decrease. 13. How does the honey-stirring example help explain the process? A. By showing where heat comes from. B. By showing how friction creates bubbles. C. By showing what chemicals are involved. D. By showing what causes pressure changes. 14. What can be inferred about the role of friction forces in gas-rich magma? A. They act as a safety measure. B. They delay the eruption process. C. They speed up magma movement. D. They reduce the magma’s gas content. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Future Goals in Volcano Science B. A New Force behind Quiet Volcanoes C. The End of Traditional Volcano Theory D. General Knowledge of Volcanic Eruptions 【答案】12 D 13. B 14. A 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了火山喷发的力量与岩浆中气泡的形成有关。传统理论认为气泡是由于压力下降导致气体逸出形成的，类似于打开可乐瓶。但新研究发现摩擦也可以形成气泡，这解释了为什么一些富含气体的火山有时喷发温和。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段内容“For many years, scientists believed that most bubbles developed only when magma rose and the surrounding pressure fell. High pressure keeps gases mixed with the hot liquid rock, but when pressure decreases, gases escape and form bubbles. (多年来，科学家们认为，大多数气泡只有在岩浆上升且周围压力下降时才会形成。高压使气体与炽热的液态岩石混合在一起，而当压力下降时，气体便会逸出并形成气泡)”可知，关于岩浆中气泡形成的传统解释是压力的下降。故选D。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段内容“The new study demonstrates that simple friction within moving magma can also generate bubbles. Imagine stirring honey in a container — the honey near the spoon moves quickly while honey touching the container walls moves slowly. Similarly, in volcanic paths, magma near the walls travels more slowly than magma in the center. This difference in speed creates friction that can form bubbles even without a pressure drop. (这项新研究表明，流动岩浆内部的简单摩擦力也能产生气泡。想象一下在容器中搅拌蜂蜜——勺子附近的蜂蜜移动得很快，而接触容器壁的蜂蜜移动得很慢。同样，在火山通道中，靠近通道壁的岩浆比中心的岩浆移动得更慢。这种速度差异产生的摩擦力即使在没有压力下降的情况下也能形成气泡)”可知，搅拌蜂蜜的例子是通过类比的方式，直观地展示出速度差异如何产生摩擦力，而这种摩擦力正是岩浆中气泡形成的新原因，也就是该例子帮助解释了摩擦力如何形成气泡。故选B。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段内容“This explains previously puzzling volcanic behavior: strong friction creates connected bubble channels in gas-rich magma, which allows gas to escape gradually. This early and steady loss of gas prevents the dangerous pressure buildup that would otherwise lead to an explosion. (这解释了此前令人费解的火山行为：强大的摩擦力会在富气岩浆中形成相互连通的气泡通道，使气体能够逐渐逸出。这种气体的早期且稳定的释放阻止了可能引发爆炸的危险压力累积)”可知，摩擦力在富气岩浆中形成的气泡通道能让气体缓慢逸出，避免压力过度累积引发剧烈喷发，相当于起到了安全防护的作用。故选A。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章先介绍了火山喷发的传统理论，即压力下降形成气泡引发喷发，随后指出该理论的漏洞，进而引出新的研究发现——摩擦力能形成气泡，而这一因素正是部分富气火山得以温和喷发的关键原因，最后说明该发现的研究价值。选项B“火山温和喷发背后的新作用力”，精准概括了文章的核心内容，适合用作标题，故选B。 第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health issues in the US, affecting about one in five people. ____16____ For years, scientists have been confused about how anxiety begins and is controlled within the brain. A new study from the University of Utah has cast light on this mystery. Previously, researchers had a different idea about which brain cells control anxiety. ____17____ However, a new study challenges this view. It found that the key cells aren’t neurons (神经元) that usually responsible for long-distance electrical signals. Instead, specific immune cells called microglia are the key players. To figure out how microglia work, the team divided it into two subsets (子集) — non-Hoxb8 microglia and Hoxb8 microglia, and designed a special experiment. ____18____ They chose mice that had no microglia at all and transplanted either one or two subsets. The results revealed two opposite roles. On the one hand, non-Hoxb8 microglia acts like an “accelerator” (催化剂) for anxiety. ____19____ On the other hand, the other subset, Hoxb8 microglia, acts as a “brake” to reduce anxiety. Mice that received only Hoxb8 microglia stayed calm. Importantly, when both subsets were transplanted together, the “brake” balanced the “accelerator,” keeping the mice’s anxiety at a normal level. ____20____ Humans also have the two subsets. Currently, most drugs target neurons, but future therapies may focus on adjusting these immune cells. A. This discovery could reshape anxiety treatment. B. Though common, its brain processes are still unclear. C. It made the mice highly anxious when transplanted alone. D. Specifically, they did microglia transplants on special mice. E. Neurons were long believed to be in charge of anxiety responses. F. They once thought all microglia had the same function in anxiety. G. This experiment shows how these microglia subsets work together to balance anxiety. 【答案】16. B 17. E 18. D 19. C 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章关于焦虑症的大脑机制研究，重点介绍微胶质细胞的作用。 【16题详解】 上文“Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health issues in the US, affecting about one in five people.(焦虑症是美国最常见的心理健康问题之一，约五分之一的人受其影响。)”点明了焦虑症的普遍性，下文“For years, scientists have been confused about how anxiety begins and is controlled within the brain.(多年来，科学家们一直对焦虑症在大脑中如何产生和被控制感到困惑。)”指出科学家对焦虑症的大脑作用机制尚不明确。选项B“尽管很常见，但其大脑作用过程仍不清楚”，前半句承接上文焦虑症的普遍性，后半句引出下文科学家对其大脑机制的困惑。故选B。 【17题详解】 上文“Previously, researchers had a different idea about which brain cells control anxiety.(此前，研究人员对于哪些脑细胞控制焦虑有着不同的看法。)”点明研究人员此前对控制焦虑的脑细胞有不同认知，下文“However, a new study challenges this view. It found that the key cells aren’t neurons (神经元) that usually responsible for long-distance electrical signals.(然而，一项新研究挑战了这一观点。研究发现，关键细胞并非通常负责远距离电信号的神经元。)”通过转折指出新研究发现控制焦虑的关键细胞不是神经元，且“this view”指代前文研究人员的原有看法。选项E“长期以来，人们认为神经元负责焦虑反应”是前文研究人员的原有观点，也是后文新研究所挑战的内容。故选E。 【18题详解】 上文“To figure out how microglia work, the team divided it into two subsets (子集) — non-Hoxb8 microglia and Hoxb8 microglia, and designed a special experiment.(为了弄清楚小胶质细胞的工作原理，研究小组将其分为两个子集——非Hoxb8小胶质细胞和Hoxb8小胶质细胞，并设计了一个特殊实验。)”指出研究小组为研究小胶质细胞设计了特殊实验，下文“They chose mice that had no microglia at all and transplanted either one or two subsets.(他们选择了完全没有小胶质细胞的小鼠，并为其移植了其中一种或两种小胶质细胞子集。)”具体介绍了实验的操作步骤。选项D“具体来说，他们在特殊小鼠身上进行了小胶质细胞移植实验”，承接上文的“设计特殊实验”，同时引出下文具体的实验操作。故选D。 【19题详解】 上文“The results revealed two opposite roles. On the one hand, non-Hoxb8 microglia acts like an “accelerator” (催化剂) for anxiety.(实验结果揭示了两种相反的作用。一方面，非Hoxb8小胶质细胞充当焦虑的“催化剂”。)”指出非Hoxb8小胶质细胞会促进焦虑，下文“On the other hand, the other subset, Hoxb8 microglia, acts as a “brake” to reduce anxiety.(另一方面，另一个子集Hoxb8小胶质细胞充当减缓焦虑的“刹车器”。)”介绍了另一种小胶质细胞的相反作用。选项C“当单独移植时，它会让小鼠变得极度焦虑”，承接上文非Hoxb8小胶质细胞作为焦虑“催化剂”的观点，用具体的实验结果印证其促进焦虑的作用，同时与下文Hoxb8小胶质细胞的作用形成对比。故选C。 【20题详解】 上文详细介绍了关于小胶质细胞两个子集调控焦虑的实验结果，指出二者共同作用能将焦虑维持在正常水平，下文“Humans also have the two subsets. Currently, most drugs target neurons, but future therapies may focus on adjusting these immune cells.(人类也拥有这两个子集。目前，大多数药物以神经元为靶点，但未来的治疗方法可能会侧重于调节这些免疫细胞。)”指出该研究结果在人类身上的适用性，并预示了其对未来焦虑症治疗的影响。选项A“这一发现可能会重塑焦虑症的治疗方式”，承接上文的实验研究成果，同时引出下文该发现对人类焦虑症治疗的潜在意义，起到总结实验价值、引出后续应用的作用。故选A。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 An unexpected hobby of gardening connected me with the community. I never planned to be a plant guy. It all ____21____ a half-dead jade plant left behind in a small store my wife and I took over many years ago. I ____22____ home what was left of the plant, put it on my desk and ____23____ closely over it as if it were a baby bird. The jade plant grew big and healthy and turned me into our family’s plant person. Now I’m in ____24____ of all plants inside and outside our home. I don’t mind the extra work. I recommend everyone to ____25____ hobbies, such as hiking, biking, or gardening. Anything that gets us outdoors can make us healthier. The ____26____ benefit of being outside is that it has helped me ____27____ more people in our new neighborhood. One neighbor, a much better gardener than me, offered advice that I ____28____ needed. We ____29____ hydrangea cuttings (绣球花插条) with the folks across the street. I’ve learned a lot about gardening, more importantly, I’ve learned about my neighborhood. Now it’s your turn. What helps you ____30____ with people in your community? We’ve ____31____ our annual search for the nicest places in our state, and we want to hear about places where people lift one another up or ____32____ together when times are ____33____. Tell us your story — ____34____ your phone, open the camera, and point it at the black “Scan Me” box at the bottom, or visit us at our website. Communities, like gardens, need ____35____ and care to grow. 21. A. started with B. stayed with C. ended with D. mixed with 22. A. headed B. brought C. drove D. returned 23. A. went B. watched C. argued D. compared 24. A. need B. honor C. charge D. support 25. A. quit B. change C. hide D. develop 26. A. intended B. faked C. added D. shared 27. A. educate B. cure C. motivate D. meet 28. A. badly B. hardly C. merely D. passively 29. A. destroyed B. traded C. cut D. disliked 30. A. agree B. debate C. connect D. equip 31. A. launched B. delayed C. doubted D. ceased 32. A. gather B. piece C. play D. pull 33. A. tough B. pleasant C. endless D. precious 34. A. drop B. grab C. sell D. beautify 35. A. adaptation B. appreciation C. attention D. moderation 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. A 33. A 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者偶然照料一盆濒临枯萎的玉树，由此培养出园艺爱好，不仅收获了生活的乐趣，还借此结识了新社区的邻居，与社区居民建立了深厚的联结。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这一切都始于多年前我和妻子接手的一家小店里留下的一盆半死不活的玉树。A. started with以……开始；B. stayed with和……待在一起；C. ended with以……结束；D. mixed with与……混合。根据前文“I never planned to be a plant guy.”和后文“The jade plant grew big and healthy and turned me into our family’s plant person.”可知，作者园艺之路是以这盆玉树为开端的，故选A。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把这株植物仅存的部分带回家，放在书桌上，像照看雏鸟一样密切照料它。A. headed朝……行进；B. brought带来；C. drove驾驶；D. returned返回。根据前文“It all ____ a half-dead jade plant left behind in a small store my wife and I took over many years ago.”可知，作者从接手的小店里将这盆玉树带回了自己的家，故选B。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把这株植物仅存的部分带回家，放在书桌上，像照看雏鸟一样密切照料它。A. went去；B. watched注视、照料；C. argued争论；D. compared对比。根据后文“as if it were a baby bird”可知，作者对这盆濒临枯萎的玉树十分用心，像照顾雏鸟一样照看它，“watch over”为固定搭配，意为“照料、看护”，符合语境，故选B。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在家里内外的所有植物都由我负责照料。A. need需要；B. honor荣誉；C. charge负责；D. support支持。结合前文“The jade plant grew big and healthy and turned me into our family’s plant person.”可知，如今家里所有的植物都由作者负责照料，“in charge of”为固定搭配，意为“负责、掌管”，符合语境，故选C。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我建议每个人都培养一些爱好，比如徒步、骑自行车或者园艺。A. quit放弃；B. change改变；C. hide隐藏；D. develop培养、发展。根据后文“such as hiking, biking, or gardening”可知，作者建议人们培养爱好，故选D。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：户外活动的额外好处是，它帮助我认识了新社区里更多的人。A. intended故意的；B. faked伪造的；C. added额外的；D. shared共享的。结合前文“Anything that gets us outdoors can make us healthier”可知，户外活动的一个好处是让人更健康，而结识邻居则是户外活动带来的另一个额外的好处，故选C。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：户外活动的额外好处是，它帮助我认识了新社区里更多的人。A. educate教育；B. cure治愈；C. motivate激励；D. meet遇见、认识。结合后文“One neighbor, a much better gardener than me, offered advice that I ____ needed.”可知，园艺这一户外爱好让作者结识了社区里的邻居，故选D。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：一位邻居的园艺手艺比我好得多，他给了我急需的建议。A. badly非常、急需地；B. hardly几乎不；C. merely仅仅；D. passively被动地。根据前文“I never planned to be a plant guy.”可知，作者作为园艺新手，十分需要有经验的人的指导，邻居的建议恰好是作者急需的，“badly needed”意为“急需的”，符合语境，故选A。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们和街对面的邻居交换了绣球花插条。A. destroyed摧毁；B. traded交换；C. cut切割；D. disliked不喜欢。根据前文“One neighbor, a much better gardener than me, offered advice that I needed.”可知，作者和邻居之间会交换绣球花插条，以此增进交流，故选B。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：是什么帮助你和社区里的人建立联结的？A. agree同意；B. debate争论；C. connect联结、联系；D. equip装备。根据前文“I’ve learned a lot about gardening, more importantly, I’ve learned about my neighborhood.”可知，作者的园艺爱好让自己与社区居民建立了深厚的联结，作者在此处询问读者是什么方式让其与社区里的人产生联结，故选C。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们已经启动了年度评选活动，旨在寻找本州最美好的地方，我们希望听到那些在艰难时刻能让人相互鼓励、共同聚集的地方的故事。A. launched发起、开展；B. delayed推迟；C. doubted怀疑；D. ceased停止。根据后文“we want to hear about places where people lift one another up”可知，作者一方开展了相关的征集活动，希望收集社区里的温暖故事，故选A。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们已经启动了年度评选活动，旨在寻找本州最美好的地方，我们希望听到那些在艰难时刻能让人相互鼓励、共同聚集的地方的故事。A. gather聚集；B. piece拼凑；C. play玩耍；D. pull拉。根据前文“people lift one another up”以及后文“when times are ____”可知，此处指人们在困难时期相互鼓励、共同聚集的地方，故选A。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们已经启动了年度评选活动，旨在寻找本州最美好的地方，我们希望听到那些在艰难时刻能让人相互鼓励、共同聚集的地方的故事。A. tough艰难的；B. pleasant令人愉快的；C. endless无尽的；D. precious珍贵的。根据前文“people lift one another up”可知，人们通常会在艰难的时期互相扶持、同心协力，故选A。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：告诉我们你的故事——拿起手机，打开相机，对准底部黑色的“扫描我”的二维码，或者访问我们的网站。A. drop掉落；B. grab拿起、抓住；C. sell售卖；D. beautify美化。结合后文“pen the camera, and point it at the black “Scan Me” box”可知，作者引导读者通过扫码的方式分享故事，第一步需要拿起手机，故选B。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：社区就像花园一样，需要关注和呵护才能发展。A. adaptation适应；B. appreciation欣赏；C. attention关注；D. moderation适度。结合前文作者照料花园需要用心看护，以及社区的发展需要居民之间的互相扶持、用心经营。由此可知，社区和花园一样，都需要得到关注和呵护，“attention”与“care”并列，符合语境，故选C。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Qilian Mountains National Park, a bright pearl on the Silk Road, located at an altitude of 4,000-5,000 meters, sits on the boundary of Gansu and Qinghai provinces, ____36____ (feature) high mountains, grasslands, forests, glaciers, and deserts, attracting countless visitors every year. Qilian Mountain Scenic Spot, about a six-hour drive from Xining, is the best place to enjoy the mountain views in Qinghai Province. Heihe Grand Canyon within the area is one of the ____37____ (long) canyons in Northwest China. The main peak of the Qilian Mountains, Gangshika Snow Peak, is located in Menyuan County. This county, about a three-hour drive from Xining City, is known for ____38____ (it) vast cole (油菜) flowers fields, and July and August are the best time to appreciate the blossoms. Of course, if you want to enjoy the Qilian Mountain views in Gansu Province, Shandanjun Army Horse Breeding Farm is ____39____ must-see. Reaching it requires a two-hour drive from Zhangye City, yet its historical significance as one of the world’s oldest and largest horse breeding farms ____40____ (draw) visitors from across the globe. Horse riding experiences remain readily available here, offering a direct encounter ____41____ its living heritage. Besides, the Danxia Landforms and Mati Temple are always popular ____42____ (attract) on a Zhangye trip. The park is particularly suitable for mountain hikers and photography lovers, and the ____43____ (recommend) visiting time is four days for travelers who want to explore the area thoroughly. For a deeper exploration, several Silk Road tours are also recommendable, including a six-day photography tour covering Zhangye and Dunhuang, ____44____ highlights the breathtaking scenery of the Qilian Mountains. This region _____45_____ (true) offers an unforgettable journey into China’s natural and historical wonders. 【答案】36. featuring 37. longest 38. its 39. a 40. draws 41. with 42. attractions 43. recommended 44. which 45. truly 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了位于甘青两省交界处的祁连山国家公园。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：祁连山国家公园是丝绸之路上的一颗明珠，地处海拔4000至5000米，位于甘青两省交界处，以高山、草原、森林、冰川和沙漠为特色，每年吸引着无数游客。句子已有谓语动词sits，空处作非谓语动词；主语The Qilian Mountains National Park与feature之间是主动关系，需用现在分词作伴随状语。故填featuring。 【37题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：区域内的黑河大峡谷是中国西北地区最长的峡谷之一。“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”是固定结构，意为“最……之一”，此处需用long的最高级形式longest。故填longest。 【38题详解】 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：这个距离西宁市约三小时车程的县城，以其广阔的油菜花田闻名，七八月份是欣赏花海的最佳时节。此处修饰名词短语vast cole flowers fields，需用it的形容词性物主代词its表示“它的”。故填its。 【39题详解】 考查冠词。句意：当然，如果你想在甘肃省欣赏祁连山风光，山丹军马场是必去之地。must-see在此处为可数名词，表泛指“一处必去的地方”，且must-see以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 【40题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：从张掖市区出发驱车两小时可达，但其作为世界上最古老、最大的军马场之一的历史意义，吸引着来自全球的游客。句子陈述客观事实，需用一般现在时；主语its historical significance为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填draws。 【41题详解】 考查介词。句意：这里至今仍能体验骑马项目，让人们能直接接触到这份鲜活的文化遗产。encounter with sth.是固定搭配，意为“与……的接触、邂逅”。故填with。 【42题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：此外，丹霞地貌和马蹄寺一直是张掖之行中深受欢迎的景点。此处作表语，且主语The Danxia Landforms and Mati Temple为复数，结合句意可知需用attract的名词形式attraction表示“景点”，且用复数形式attractions。故填attractions。 【43题详解】 考查形容词。句意：该公园特别适合登山爱好者和摄影爱好者，对于想要深度探索这片区域的游客来说，推荐的游览时间为四天。此处修饰名词短语visiting time，需用recommend的形容词形式recommended表示“被推荐的”。故填recommended。 【44题详解】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：想要更深度的探索，也可以选择几条丝绸之路旅游线路，其中包括一条途经张掖和敦煌的六日摄影之旅，该线路展现了祁连山令人惊叹的美景。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a six-day photography tour，指物，且在从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【45题详解】 考查副词。句意：这片区域确实为人们开启了一场难忘的旅程，让人们领略中国的自然与历史奇观。此处修饰动词offers，需用true的副词形式truly表示“确实、真正地”。故填truly。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter负责学校的“International Culture Week”活动，想在其中加入中国元素。为此，他写信咨询你的意见。请你写信回复，内容包括： (1)提出方案； (2)陈述理由。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Peter, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Peter, I’m glad to hear you want to add Chinese elements to your school’s International Culture Week. I have a practical plan for you. You can set up a Chinese cultural booth where we can display paper-cutting works and teach students to make simple paper-cuts. Besides, prepare some jasmine tea and mooncakes for everyone to taste. These activities are easy to organize and can show Chinese culture directly. They will help your schoolmates know more about Chinese traditions and make the event more colorful. I hope my advice is helpful to you. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Peter写一封回信，针对其学校“国际文化周”加入中国元素的需求提出具体方案，并陈述理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 实用的：practical → useful 展台：booth → stand 组织：organize → arrange 传统：tradition → custom 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I have a practical plan for you. 拓展句：I have a plan that is practical for you. 【点睛】【高分句型1】You can set up a Chinese cultural booth, where we can display paper-cutting works and teach students to make simple paper-cuts.（运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】I hope my advice is helpful to you.（运用了that引导的宾语从句，省略引导词that） 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 As a high school freshman, Lena had always been confident in her studies — until she met math. In her first math class, Mr. Carter wrote a series of expressions on the blackboard. While most of her classmates nodded and took notes, Lena felt as if she were listening to a “foreign language”. The symbols “x” and “y” danced before her eyes, and she couldn’t follow the steps Mr. Carter explained. The confusion only grew when she sat down to do her homework. For two hours she remained at her desk, staring at the textbook and the blank pages of her notebook. Every problem seemed unsolvable. She read the same question at least ten times, yet she still couldn’t work it out. Upset and ashamed, she never felt so stuck in a subject. Weeks passed, and Lena’s anxiety about math got worse. She was afraid to raise her hand in class, worried that her questions would sound stupid. One day, Mr. Carter randomly called on her to answer a question. Lena stood up, her face burning with embarrassment for she was totally clueless about the answer. “Even a primary student knows that!” a boy named Jax sneered (嘲讽) loudly. Lena bit her lip and sank back into her seat with her head hanging low. Soon the first math exam took place. It came as no surprise that Lena got a bright red “D” on her paper. Tears welled in her eyes as she balled up the paper and stuffed it into her bag. Seeing this, Mr. Carter asked Lena to stay after class. Instead of criticizing her, he said gently, “I notice you’ve been struggling, Lena. Math can be tough at first. Like learning to play a musical instrument, it requires the right method and consistent practice.” He told Lena that he had talked to Zoe, the top math student in the class, who agreed to help her. The next day, Mr. Carter rearranged the seats, and Zoe became Lena’s new deskmate. 注意： (1)续写词数应为150个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Each afternoon, the two girls sat side by side, diving into math together. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The results of the final math exam came out. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Each afternoon, the two girls sat side by side, diving into math together. Zoe never laughed at Lena’s slow progress or silly questions. Instead, she explained each problem patiently, drawing pictures to make difficult concepts easier to understand. When Lena got stuck, Zoe encouraged her to try again, breaking down steps until she got it right. Lena also worked hard, taking detailed notes and practicing extra problems every night. Gradually, the “foreign language” of math became familiar, and she even started to feel a little excited when solving a tough question. Jax’s sneers faded, replaced by his surprised glances at Lena’s growing confidence. The results of the final math exam came out. Lena’s hands shook as she picked up her paper, and a bright smile spread across her face when she saw a solid “B”. Tears of joy welled in her eyes — she had finally overcome her fear of math. She ran to thank Zoe, who hugged her happily, and then found Mr. Carter to share the good news. He patted her shoulder proudly, saying her hard work had paid off. Lena realized that with kindness, encouragement and perseverance, no difficulty was insurmountable. 【解析】 【导语】本文以数学学习为线索，讲述了原本对学习充满自信的莉娜，进入高中后被数学难住，课堂上听不懂、作业不会做，还遭到同学嘲讽，第一次数学考试只考了“D”，陷入自卑与焦虑；数学老师卡特先生没有批评她，而是安排班级数学尖子生佐伊做她的同桌，帮助她攻克数学难关的故事。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ① 由第一段首句“每天下午，两个女孩并排坐着，一起钻研数学。”可知，本段可描述莉娜在佐伊帮助下的努力与进步。 ② 由第二段首句“数学期末考试成绩出来了。”可知，本段可描述莉娜的逆袭成果与感悟。 2. 续写线索：佐伊耐心帮助莉娜——莉娜努力学习——莉娜逐渐熟悉数学、收获自信——杰克斯态度转变——期末考试查分紧张——看到成绩喜极而泣——感谢佐伊与卡特先生——领悟成长真谛 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①.解释：explain/clarify ②. 克服：overcome/conquer ③. 理解：understand/comprehend 情感类 ①. 自信：confidence/assurance ②. 喜悦：joy/happiness 【点睛】[高分句型1]. Instead, she explained each problem patiently, drawing pictures to make difficult concepts easier to understand.（运用现在分词短语drawing pictures作伴随状语） [高分句型2]. Lena realized that with kindness, encouragement and perseverance, no difficulty was insurmountable.（运用that引导宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 普通高中2025—2026学年第一学期期末综合练习题 高二英语 本试卷共8页，满分120分。练习用时120分钟。 注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的学校、班级、姓名、考场号、座位号和准考证号填写在答题卡上，将条形码横贴在答题卡“条形码粘贴处”。 2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上将对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。 3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。 4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。练习结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Essential Devices for Smart Homes Smart homes are no longer a futuristic fantasy — they’re the present and developing rapidly. Whether you’re a beginner or already deep into home automation, here are some essential devices that should be part of every modern smart home in 2026. Smart Hubs: the Central Brain Gone are the days of separate systems. Today’s smart hubs act as centralized control centers, supporting various wireless technologies like Zigbee, Z-Wave, Matter, and Wi-Fi. A smart home hub offers homeowners smooth control over lighting, heating, security and more — all from a single app on your phone or tablet. AI Security Cameras: Your Watchful Eyes Security is the number one reason homeowners invest in smart tech. Unlike conventional cameras that simply record video, modern security cameras, equipped with AI, have taken a leap particularly with features like facial recognition as well as real-time alerts and even vehicle identification. Some also provide local storage, 4k picture quality and AI-based threat detection, keeping your home safer. Smart Thermostats: for Comfort and Savings A Smart Thermostat does more than just set the temperature. It can also learn your daily schedule and preferences. Then it automatically adjusts the temperature when you are away or asleep based on weather forecast. This smart adjustment can cut energy costs by up to 25%, reducing your carbon footprint while increasing comfort and saving money. Leak & Smoke Detectors: for disaster Prevention These devices provide crucial protection for your home. They offer real-time alerts to water leaks or smoke, and can even automatically shut off water supplies or alert local emergency services. By acting early, these systems can prevent thousands of dollars in potential property damage. 1. What is the main function of a smart hub? A. To serve as a control center. B. To support wireless tech. C. To replace separate systems. D. To offer absolute control. 2. What is homeowners’ primary motivation for buying smart devices? A. Better quality. B. More functions. C. Improved safety. D. Enlarged storage. 3. Which device is eco-friendly? A. A smart hub. B. A smart thermostat. C. A smoke detector. D. An AI security camera. B My life was going fine until one day I was found to have IgA nephropathy, a rare and serious kidney (肾) disease, making my life fall apart like glass into a million pieces. Thinking about my husband and my six-year-old daughter, I struggled to adapt myself to the tough reality for a while. But as days passed and I started treatment, I realized this was how my life was going to be. I stopped crying, blaming, and victimizing myself. I made a conscious choice to be positive and began thinking about how I could make my life smoother and overcome this challenge. I learned everything I could from my doctors and read more about the disease. It was a relief to discover that while severe, it is not always fatal. This realization transformed what once seemed like a death sentence into a wake-up call to make the most of every moment. Between the two treatment paths of lifelong dialysis (透析) and a transplant (移植) I chose the latter and committed myself to it by strictly following medical advice and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. It was a demanding process filled with strict diets and frequent check-ups. Through the difficult journey, however, I became firmly aware of the fact that my family were a strong support system, always reminding me that I was never alone in this battle. My heart was filled with deep gratitude for them, and gradually I developed a sense of gratitude for the little blessings that often go unnoticed in my life — like the air I breathe, the clean water I drink, the friends I share joys and sorrows with, the celebrations I enjoy and so much more. Wanting to preserve these feelings, I founded a Gratitude app to record them. Although still a patient, I am convinced that we all can sail through tough times with grace by staying grateful in our hearts. 4. Why does the author mention “glass” in paragraph 1? A. To detail the cause of her disease. B. To indicate a positive change. C. To illustrate a sudden breakdown. D. To explain a medical condition. 5. What made the author feel relieved? A. The doctors gave her useful advice. B. Her condition had started to improve. C. The disease was found not always deadly. D. She fully understood the treatment process. 6. What did the author learn from this tough experience? A. The choice of staying positive to face illness. B. The importance of strictly following doctors’ advice. C. The positive effect of a healthy lifestyle on recovery. D. The gratitude for family’s support and other little joys. 7. What is the author’s attitude towards her battle with the disease? A. Hopeful. B. Carefree. C. Passive. D. Mixed. C From house pets to marine life, animals are now developing the same chronic (慢性的) diseases as humans, such as diabetes, joint disorders and cancer. These diseases are becoming increasingly common, yet the scientific community still lacks broad, cross-field research that explains why they are on the rise in so many species. It is essential to understand these trends as the same factors influencing animal health often affect humans as well. To improve monitoring and management of chronic diseases in animals, a recent study, led by animal scientist Mataragka, assesses chronic diseases’ occurrence among different animal groups and examines how specific risk factors contribute to disease development. Every animal gets strengths as well as weaknesses from its parents. Some animals have been selectively bred (育种) for specific purposes over generations which can sometimes lead to a higher risk of certain genetic disorders. For instance, dogs and cats that have been selectively bred for appearance and livestock bred for productivity show higher rates of chronic diseases. In addition, environmental changes, such as global warming and habitat decline, increase the frequency and severity of harmful exposures. Warming oceans are related with higher cancer rates in marine life. In cities, rising temperatures and poor air quality contribute to chronic diseases in companion animals. “The absence of early diagnostic (诊断的) systems delays the detection of diseases in animals,” says Mataragka. “While medical organizations provide extensive data on chronic diseases rate in humans, similar detailed statistics for animals are scarce. This indicates the need for more comprehensive research and enhanced monitoring in animal health to better understand and address these issues.” The study proposes strategies to reduce chronic diseases at four aspects: individual, group, ecosystem, and policy. Mataragka hopes this integrated approach will support more joint monitoring of animals, people, and ecosystems and help identify early warning signs of rising chronic diseases. By recognizing shared drivers of chronic diseases, researchers and policymakers may be better equipped to reduce disease risks across species. 8. What do we know about the present research on animal chronic diseases? A. It is developing slowly. B. It affects human health. C. It covers various animals. D. It calls for joint studies. 9. What are the main factors causing animal chronic diseases? A Appearance and stress. B. Diet and temperature. C. Gene and surroundings. D. Habits and companions. 10. What does the underlined word “scarce” mean in paragraph 5? A. Limited. B. Economical. C. reliable. D. Identical. 11. How can we practise the integrated approach? A. By monitoring ecosystem. B. By acting at multiple levels. C. By detecting early warnings. D. By equipping policymakers. D The force of a volcanic eruption is closely tied to how many gas bubbles (气泡) appear within rising magma (岩浆). For many years, scientists believed that most bubbles developed only when magma rose and the surrounding pressure fell. High pressure keeps gases mixed with the hot liquid rock, but when pressure decreases, gases escape and form bubbles. As bubbles build up, the magma rises faster and sometimes erupts violently. This process can be compared to opening a bottle of coke. When the bottle is closed, pressure keeps gas in the liquid. Removing the cap reduces that pressure, allowing gas to separate into bubbles. These bubbles rise rapidly, carrying the liquid upward and producing a sudden rush of liquid. However this established theory failed to explain why some gas-rich volcanoes like Mount St. Helens sometimes burst out gently even though they have the power to blow up violently. This contradiction led researchers to find another way bubbles can form: friction (摩擦) forces. The new study demonstrates that simple friction within moving magma can also generate bubbles. Imagine stirring honey in a container — the honey near the spoon moves quickly while honey touching the container walls moves slowly. Similarly, in volcanic paths, magma near the walls travels more slowly than magma in the center. This difference in speed creates friction that can form bubbles even without a pressure drop. Laboratory experiments confirmed that when this friction is strong enough, it causes bubbles to form. This explains previously puzzling volcanic behavior: strong friction creates connected bubble channels in gas-rich magma, which allows gas to escape gradually. This early and steady loss of gas prevents the dangerous pressure buildup that would otherwise lead to an explosion. These findings provide crucial advances in volcanology. Adding friction-driven bubble formation to predictive models helps scientists better understand why some volcanoes erupt violently while others come out in slow, steady streams. This enhanced understanding will ultimately improve eruption forecasting accuracy and strengthen protective measures for communities near active volcanoes worldwide. 12. What was the traditional explanation for bubble formation in magma? A. Friction forces. B. Temperature rise. C. Chemical reactions. D. Pressure decrease. 13. How does the honey-stirring example help explain the process? A. By showing where heat comes from. B. By showing how friction creates bubbles. C. By showing what chemicals are involved. D. By showing what causes pressure changes. 14. What can be inferred about the role of friction forces in gas-rich magma? A. They act as a safety measure. B. They delay the eruption process. C. They speed up magma movement. D. They reduce the magma’s gas content. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Future Goals in Volcano Science B. A New Force behind Quiet Volcanoes C. The End of Traditional Volcano Theory D. General Knowledge of Volcanic Eruptions 第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health issues in the US, affecting about one in five people. ____16____ For years, scientists have been confused about how anxiety begins and is controlled within the brain. A new study from the University of Utah has cast light on this mystery. Previously, researchers had a different idea about which brain cells control anxiety. ____17____ However, a new study challenges this view. It found that the key cells aren’t neurons (神经元) that usually responsible for long-distance electrical signals. Instead, specific immune cells called microglia are the key players. To figure out how microglia work, the team divided it into two subsets (子集) — non-Hoxb8 microglia and Hoxb8 microglia, and designed a special experiment. ____18____ They chose mice that had no microglia at all and transplanted either one or two subsets. The results revealed two opposite roles. On the one hand, non-Hoxb8 microglia acts like an “accelerator” (催化剂) for anxiety. ____19____ On the other hand, the other subset, Hoxb8 microglia, acts as a “brake” to reduce anxiety. Mice that received only Hoxb8 microglia stayed calm. Importantly, when both subsets were transplanted together, the “brake” balanced the “accelerator,” keeping the mice’s anxiety at a normal level. ____20____ Humans also have the two subsets. Currently, most drugs target neurons, but future therapies may focus on adjusting these immune cells. A. This discovery could reshape anxiety treatment. B. Though common, its brain processes are still unclear. C. It made the mice highly anxious when transplanted alone. D. Specifically, they did microglia transplants on special mice. E. Neurons were long believed to be in charge of anxiety responses. F. They once thought all microglia had the same function in anxiety. G. This experiment shows how these microglia subsets work together to balance anxiety. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 An unexpected hobby of gardening connected me with the community. I never planned to be a plant guy. It all ____21____ a half-dead jade plant left behind in a small store my wife and I took over many years ago. I ____22____ home what was left of the plant, put it on my desk and ____23____ closely over it as if it were a baby bird. The jade plant grew big and healthy and turned me into our family’s plant person. Now I’m in ____24____ of all plants inside and outside our home. I don’t mind the extra work. I recommend everyone to ____25____ hobbies, such as hiking, biking, or gardening. Anything that gets us outdoors can make us healthier. The ____26____ benefit of being outside is that it has helped me ____27____ more people in our new neighborhood. One neighbor, a much better gardener than me, offered advice that I ____28____ needed. We ____29____ hydrangea cuttings (绣球花插条) with the folks across the street. I’ve learned a lot about gardening, more importantly, I’ve learned about my neighborhood. Now it’s your turn. What helps you ____30____ with people in your community? We’ve ____31____ our annual search for the nicest places in our state, and we want to hear about places where people lift one another up or ____32____ together when times are ____33____. Tell us your story — ____34____ your phone, open the camera, and point it at the black “Scan Me” box at the bottom, or visit us at our website. Communities, like gardens, need ____35____ and care to grow. 21. A. started with B. stayed with C. ended with D. mixed with 22. A. headed B. brought C. drove D. returned 23. A. went B. watched C. argued D. compared 24. A. need B. honor C. charge D. support 25. A. quit B. change C. hide D. develop 26. A. intended B. faked C. added D. shared 27. A. educate B. cure C. motivate D. meet 28. A. badly B. hardly C. merely D. passively 29. A. destroyed B. traded C. cut D. disliked 30. A. agree B. debate C. connect D. equip 31. A. launched B. delayed C. doubted D. ceased 32. A. gather B. piece C. play D. pull 33. A. tough B. pleasant C. endless D. precious 34. A. drop B. grab C. sell D. beautify 35. A. adaptation B. appreciation C. attention D. moderation 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Qilian Mountains National Park, a bright pearl on the Silk Road, located at an altitude of 4,000-5,000 meters, sits on the boundary of Gansu and Qinghai provinces, ____36____ (feature) high mountains, grasslands, forests, glaciers, and deserts, attracting countless visitors every year. Qilian Mountain Scenic Spot, about a six-hour drive from Xining, is the best place to enjoy the mountain views in Qinghai Province. Heihe Grand Canyon within the area is one of the ____37____ (long) canyons in Northwest China. The main peak of the Qilian Mountains, Gangshika Snow Peak, is located in Menyuan County. This county, about a three-hour drive from Xining City, is known for ____38____ (it) vast cole (油菜) flowers fields, and July and August are the best time to appreciate the blossoms. Of course, if you want to enjoy the Qilian Mountain views in Gansu Province, Shandanjun Army Horse Breeding Farm is ____39____ must-see. Reaching it requires a two-hour drive from Zhangye City, yet its historical significance as one of the world’s oldest and largest horse breeding farms ____40____ (draw) visitors from across the globe. Horse riding experiences remain readily available here, offering a direct encounter ____41____ its living heritage. Besides, the Danxia Landforms and Mati Temple are always popular ____42____ (attract) on a Zhangye trip. The park is particularly suitable for mountain hikers and photography lovers, and the ____43____ (recommend) visiting time is four days for travelers who want to explore the area thoroughly. For a deeper exploration, several Silk Road tours are also recommendable, including a six-day photography tour covering Zhangye and Dunhuang, ____44____ highlights the breathtaking scenery of the Qilian Mountains. This region _____45_____ (true) offers an unforgettable journey into China’s natural and historical wonders. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter负责学校的“International Culture Week”活动，想在其中加入中国元素。为此，他写信咨询你的意见。请你写信回复，内容包括： (1)提出方案； (2)陈述理由。 注意： (1)写作词数应80个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Peter, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 As a high school freshman, Lena had always been confident in her studies — until she met math. In her first math class, Mr. Carter wrote a series of expressions on the blackboard. While most of her classmates nodded and took notes, Lena felt as if she were listening to a “foreign language”. The symbols “x” and “y” danced before her eyes, and she couldn’t follow the steps Mr. Carter explained. The confusion only grew when she sat down to do her homework. For two hours she remained at her desk, staring at the textbook and the blank pages of her notebook. Every problem seemed unsolvable. She read the same question at least ten times, yet she still couldn’t work it out. Upset and ashamed, she never felt so stuck in a subject. Weeks passed, and Lena’s anxiety about math got worse. She was afraid to raise her hand in class, worried that her questions would sound stupid. One day, Mr. Carter randomly called on her to answer a question. Lena stood up, her face burning with embarrassment for she was totally clueless about the answer. “Even a primary student knows that!” a boy named Jax sneered (嘲讽) loudly. Lena bit her lip and sank back into her seat with her head hanging low. Soon the first math exam took place. It came as no surprise that Lena got a bright red “D” on her paper. Tears welled in her eyes as she balled up the paper and stuffed it into her bag. Seeing this, Mr. Carter asked Lena to stay after class. Instead of criticizing her, he said gently, “I notice you’ve been struggling, Lena. Math can be tough at first. Like learning to play a musical instrument, it requires the right method and consistent practice.” He told Lena that he had talked to Zoe, the top math student in the class, who agreed to help her. The next day, Mr. Carter rearranged the seats, and Zoe became Lena’s new deskmate. 注意： (1)续写词数应为150个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Each afternoon, the two girls sat side by side, diving into math together. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The results of the final math exam came out. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $