热点11 跨学科融合阅读（天文+生物+心理+语文+物理）（时文阅读+重难词汇+长难句精析）2026年中考英语趋势性主题阅读

热点11 跨学科融合阅读（天文+生物+心理+语文+物理） 1 英语+天文 介绍了月球内部温度等差异致两侧弯曲不同，造成外观差异，该发现助于理解其他行星及行星形成变化。 2 英语+生物 分析了有些树难以被引燃的原因，并指出棕榈树等易燃树种会加剧火势，提出了当地消防部门减少种植易燃棕榈树 3 英语+心理 介绍日常中常见的圆、方、三角三种形状在电影里的含义，分别象征不同人物特征 4 英语+语文 介绍汉字的发展历程，包括起源、演变方式及简化字推广 5 英语+心理 介绍了洗脑神曲（earworm）背后的原理 6 英语+物理 介绍了“气压对吸管内水的影响”实验的材料、步骤及原理 7 英语+物理 介绍了凸透镜和凹透镜的特点及其在日常生活中的应用 ( 0 1 英语+ 天文 ) The moon has two very different sides. The side facing Earth, called the near side, is dark with large, flat areas. These flat regions are remains of ancient lava flows (熔岩流) that happened billions of years ago. The far side, which always faces away from Earth, is the opposite. It has more mountains and craters (陨石坑), making it look rocky. For many years, scientists wondered why the two sides differ so much. Recently, a team led by NASA scientist Ryan Park found the answer lies under the moon’s surface. The team used data (数据) from the mission called GRAIL. In 2011 and 2012, two spacecraft, Ebb and Flow, orbited (绕轨道飞行) the moon for a year. Their job was to measure (测量) how the moon bends because of Earth's gravity (地球引力). Like a soft ball that changes shape when squeezed (挤压), the moon bends (弯曲) slightly as it moves around Earth. This tiny movement gives clues about its interior (内部). ________. Park said, “At first, we couldn’t believe the data and checked it many times.” The near side is warmer inside, which may make its rocks soft and allow more bending. The far side is cooler and harder, so it bends less. This difference explains why the two sides look so different. This discovery helps us understand other planets too. Scientists have used this method to study Jupiter and the asteroid (小行星) Vesta. By observing how these bodies respond to gravity, scientists learn about their internal layers (内层), such as whether they have liquid or solid (固体或液体) parts. Park added, “This method will help explore many planetary bodies in our solar system.” This new knowledge improves our understanding of planet formation (形成) and change. Next time you look at the moon, remember its two faces tell a story about what lies beneath (在……下面). 1．Which image best represents the difference between the moon’s two sides? A． B． C． D． 2．What does the word “their” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Researchers’ plans. B．Results of the study. C．The two orbiting machines. D．Craters on the surface. 3．Which sentence best fills the blank “________” in paragraph 4? A．They finally found both sides were too cold to move. B．At first, they noticed the near side was harder than expected. C．Strangely, the moon’s near side showed more bending. D．At last, the moon’s surface became totally flat. 4．What is the best title for this article? A．The History of Ancient Lava Flows on the Moon. B．Why the Moon Bends Around Earth. C．GRAIL’s New Discoveries About the Moon. D．Measure the Moon’s Surface. ( 02 英语+ 生物 ) （2025·江苏南京·三模）①When people think of wildfires, burning trees often come up. If you see a city burning while its trees remain standing, you might wonder if something unusual is happening. ②For weeks in January, large wildfires spread through Los Angeles. They destroyed a large number of homes and many people lost their lives. As pictures of the fires spread across the Internet, people noticed trees standing next to burned-out homes and cars. Some didn’t believe that a fire would leave trees untouched. “Is there a secret attack on L. A．homes?” they asked. The simple answer is no. As plenty of pictures and videos from Los Angeles show, trees can and do catch fire. ③But it’s true that some did not burn. Scientists say there is a simple explanation for that. ④It is all about moisture. “It’s quite easy to understand,” said Miranda Hart, a biology professor. “Trees are filled with thousands and thousands of liters (升) of water.” To be clear, trees do burn when fires are big and hot enough. But if a tree full of water is next to something very dry, the dry thing will burn first and even change the way of the fire. “In that way, you can imagine the fire just going around the tree if there’s enough ‘fuel’ (燃料) on either side of it,” Prof. Hart added. ⑤In addition, the tree type also matters. Certain trees are more likely to catch fire. Deciduous trees (trees that lose their leaves every year), for example, are hard to burn. That’s because their leaves include more water. While for conifers—trees with needle-like (针状的) leaves, things are the opposite. ⑥In Los Angeles, palms (棕榈树) are everywhere. They’ve become a symbol of the city. But based on the research, palm trees are especially easy to spread fire because of their structure and type. So, to reduce fire risks, the local fire departments have advised against planting more palms. Without proper care, these trees can burn and spread rapidly during wildfires and endanger the people and objects nearby. 1．Some people had doubts about the wildfires in Los Angeles because ________ . A．they have lasted much longer than usual B．hidden enemies attacked homes and cars C．some trees remained unchanged in the fires D．pictures of the fires spread across the Internet 2．How would a fire pass through a tree full of water and dry things according to Prof. Hart? ○a tree full of water    □a dry thing    →fire’s path A． B． C． D． 3．According to the passage, which type of tree is easier to catch fire? A．Trees with thin, narrow and hard leaves. B．Trees which drop their leaves every year. C．Trees with rich water in their broad leaves. D．Trees that are taller than the others around. 4．Which of the following shows the structure of this text according to the theory (理论) below? problem-raising (提出) → problem-analyzing (分析) → problem-solving A．①②→③④→⑤⑥ B．①②→③④⑤→⑥ C．①→②③→④⑤⑥ D．①→②③④⑤→⑥ ( 03 英语+ 心理 ) （25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·月考）Have you seen circles, squares and triangles (三角形) everywhere in your daily life? Have you thought about their meanings in films? Much like colors, different shapes can show different features (特征) of characters in the scenes. Circles represent things that are soft and natural. The round shape reminds us of things that appear in nature, like the sun, flowers, raindrops and so on. We can also connect circles with beautiful eyes, babies’ round faces. All these things make us feel happy and warm. This is why so many cartoon characters’ heroes’ bodies, kids, good people are round in shape, because circles represent goodness, happiness and friendliness. Squares show things that are unnatural or man-made, or things that are boring or old-fashioned. In Up, Carl, an elderly man, has a square face and wears square glasses, while Russell, an 8-year-old boy with a round face, always wears round medals (奖章). These shapes show the characters’ personalities. Carl is stubborn (执拗的) and lonely, while Russell is lovely and full of energy. The angriest shape is the triangle. Kids who draw a monster with sharp teeth draw a row of triangles, don’t they? That’s because the shape represents fear, distrust and doubt in some way. If you look at the bad guys in cartoons, you’ll find they’re all drawn with plenty of points and triangles. And triangles are stable and don’t easily fall down. In films, this feature makes bad people difficult to deal with. Not only in cartoons, but also in other kinds of films, different shapes are used for the same purpose. So, next time you see a film, try to find the hidden shapes and you will know what the characters are like. 1．Which shape is connected with the personality of being stubborn and lonely? A． B． C． D． 2．What can we infer about the filmmaker’s purpose in giving Russell round medals in Up? A．To show he will become a hero later. B．To show he completed more tasks than Carl. C．To clearly show his lively personality. D．To make him look very different from Carl. 3．What does the underlined word “stable” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Easy to change. B．Easy to fail. C．Hard to break. D．Hard to move. 4．Which of the following is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． ( 04 英语+ 语文 ) （25-26九年级上·江苏宿迁·月考）The Chinese language is different from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet (字母表), it uses characters (汉字) which stand for ideas, objects or deeds. Chinese words are formed by putting together different characters. In many cases, a single (单个的) character can also make up a word. As one kind of the most ancient characters, Chinese characters have played an important part in the development of Chinese culture. At first, ancient Sumerian and ancient Egyptian symbols existed (存在), but only Chinese characters are still in use today. The history of the Chinese language can be examined by looking at how these characters developed. Chinese writing began thousands of years ago. According to an ancient story, a man named Cang Jie invented Chinese writing. One winter day while he was hunting, he saw the footprints of animals in the snow and noticed that the appearance of each one was different. Then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects. The first Chinese characters were drawings of physical objects. Some characters have been simplified (简化) and others have been made more difficult over time. However, as a whole, the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms. The character for a mountain was at first three mountaintops together. This became one mountaintop and three lines, and over time turned into the character used today. Sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by putting two or more characters together. For example, “rest” was made up of the characters for a man and a tree. The character “prisoner” was formed with a “man” inside a square. Other characters were developed for directions and numbers. It is easy to distinguish (区别) their meanings by looking at them, for example, the characters for “up” and “down”, which are opposites of each other. Though these kinds of characters show meanings, one of their shortcomings (缺点) is that they do not show how they should be pronounced. Therefore, a way was developed to have one part of a character represent the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation. Many Chinese characters used today were made this way. In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters in the hope to make learning to read and write more understandable to a large number of people, which would increase literacy (读写能力) across the country. And now they have widespread use in China’s mainland. 1．How did the writer introduce the Chinese characters? A．By giving examples. B．By providing causes. C．By expressing opinions. D．By comparing (比较) facts. 2．The sentence “Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.” would best be placed at the beginning of ________. A．Paragraph 5 B．Paragraph 4 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 2 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Chinese characters have turned into standard forms, which are easier than before. B．Chinese characters we use today have been accepted by large numbers of people. C．Chinese words and English words are both formed by putting alphabets and characters together. D．Chinese characters existed at the very beginning and are still in use today just like ancient Sumerian and Egyptian symbols. 4．What might be the best title for the passage? A．How to form Chinese characters. B．The history of Chinese culture. C．The development of Chinese characters. D．The difference between Chinese and Western language. ( 05 英语+ 心理 ) Have you ever wondered why a catchy tune gets stuck in your head? Scientists call this an “earworm.” While it feels like magic, there’s a surprising amount of mathematics​ and biology​ behind it. The Pattern of Pitch In music, the relationship between notes is mathematical. An octave, where one note vibrates exactly twice as fast as another, is a simple 2:1 ratio. These clear mathematical patterns, like the 3:2 ratio in a perfect fifth, sound pleasant to our brains. Earworms often use these strong, simple intervals, making the pattern easy for our brain​ to grasp and remember. The Architecture of a Hit Look at the structure of popular songs. Many follow a strict pattern like ABABCB, where A is the verse, B is the chorus, and C is the bridge. This creates predictability. Our brains love predicting what comes next. When a chorus (B) repeats after a verse (A), it satisfies that prediction, releasing a small amount of dopamine, a “feel-good” chemical in the brain. The repetition acts like a mental path—the more you walk it, the deeper it gets, making the song hard to forget. The Unexpected Twist However, pure repetition is boring. Composers add slight surprises—an unexpected note, a brief silence, or a unique rhythm. This activates the brain’s​ reward system even more. It’s like solving a tiny puzzle. This mix of predictable patterns and small surprises is the perfect recipe for an earworm. So, the next time you can’t stop humming a tune, remember: it’s not just art. It’s a precise formula of mathematical ratios, repetitive structures, and clever surprises, all working on your brain's chemistry. 1．According to the passage, why does our brain enjoy predictable song structures? A．Because it makes the song easier to play. B．Because it satisfies the brain’s prediction, releasing dopamine. C．Because predictable songs are always simpler. D．Because it helps us fall asleep. 2．What is the role of an “unexpected twist” in a song? A．To make the song longer. B．To confuse the listener. C．To activate the brain’s reward system more strongly. D．To break all mathematical patterns. 3．The passage mentions that an octave has a vibration ratio of 2:1. If a note vibrates at 200 Hz (hertz), how fast does the note one octave higher vibrate? A．100 Hz B．200 Hz C．400 Hz D．600 Hz 4．Look at the song structure ABABCB． If a song has 2 verses, 3 choruses, and 1 bridge, which of the following structures could match ABABCB? A．Verse, Chorus, Verse, Chorus, Bridge, Chorus B．Chorus, Verse, Chorus, Verse, Bridge, Chorus C．Verse, Verse, Chorus, Chorus, Bridge, Chorus D．Verse, Chorus, Bridge, Verse, Chorus, Chorus ( 06 英语+ 物理 ) （25-26九年级上·吉林·月考）Boys and girls, before we start, there are a few things you need to keep in mind: First, safety first—don’t pour water onto desks. Second, follow the steps strictly. Third, observe (观察) carefully. Fourth, class rules: work quietly in groups and raise your hand if you have questions. Today we are going to find out how air pressure affects (影响) the water in the straw! Class: Physics    Date: 2025/12/09 An Experiment (实验) about Air Pressure Materials: Steps: ·Fill the cup with water until it’s almost full. ·Put the straw into the water. ·Cover the top of the straw with your finger tightly (紧紧地) and lift the straw up. ·Observe what happens to the water in the straw. The science behind it: Air pressure is all around us. When you cover the top of the straw with your finger, you stop the air from getting into the top of the straw. The air pressure below the water (from the cup) pushes the water up into the straw, so the water stays in the straw even when you lift it. 1．The experiment is done on ________. A．September 12th B．October 9th C．November 12th D．December 9th 2．The following materials are needed in this experiment EXCEPT ________. A．a bottle B．a cup C．a straw D．water 3．We need to cover the top of the straw with a finger tightly in Step 3 ________. A．to prevent the finger from getting wet B．to hold the straw more tightly when we lift it C．to make sure air can’t enter from the top of the straw D．to push the water down into the cup through the straw 4．The water stays in the straw when we lift it ________. A．because the straw is very thin and strong B．because water pressure is everywhere around us C．because the air pressure below pushes the water up D．because the cup is almost full of water 5．The purpose (目的) of this experiment is to ________. A．let students know how to keep safe in the experiment B．find out how air pressure affects the water in the straw C．teach students how to do a physics experiment successfully D．show that air pressure is everywhere around us in our life ( 07 英语+ 物理 ) （2025·河南郑州·一模）Lenses (镜片) are useful tools that help us see things more clearly. They are widely used in our daily lives. They can help us read small words in books and take clear photos. They are also used to help people who have trouble seeing things clearly, like those who can’t see far away or those who can’t see things up close. There are many kinds of lenses, but today we will talk about convex and concave lenses. Imagine you’re using a magnifying glass (放大镜) to read small words in a book. What happens when you move the glass closer to the words? The letters get bigger, right? That’s the power of a convex lens. Convex lenses are thicker in the middle and thinner at the sides. When light passes through a convex lens, it is brought together at a single point called the focus. This is why magnifying glasses, camera lenses, and even the lenses for some old people use convex lenses to see more clearly. Different from convex lenses, concave lenses are thinner in the middle and thicker at the sides. When light passes through concave lenses, it spreads out. You can find concave lenses in your daily life. For example, if you are nearsighted (近视的), your glasses probably have concave lenses. You are nearsighted because the light entering your eyes does not focus exactly on the retina (视网膜). When you wear glasses with concave lenses, the light spreads out first and then enters the eyes, allowing it to focus correctly on the retina. In this way, you can see things clearly. 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．How lenses work. B．What lenses look like. C．What lenses are used for. D．How many kinds of lenses there are. 2．Which of the following have convex lenses according to the text? a. Cameras.    b. Mirrors.    c. Magnifying glasses.    d. Nearsighted glasses. A．a, c B．a, d C．b, c D．b, d 3．How does the concave lens work? A． B． C． D． 4．How does the writer mainly organize the text in the last paragraph? A．Facts→Opinions. B．Descriptions→Examples. C．Causes→Effects. D．Problems→Solutions. 5．What is the purpose of the text? A．To express feelings of using different lenses. B．To give advice on how to learn physics well. C．To offer information about science in daily life. D．To encourage students to use more modern tools. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 热点11 跨学科融合阅读（天文+生物+心理+语文+物理） 1 英语+天文 介绍了月球内部温度等差异致两侧弯曲不同，造成外观差异，该发现助于理解其他行星及行星形成变化。 2 英语+生物 分析了有些树难以被引燃的原因，并指出棕榈树等易燃树种会加剧火势，提出了当地消防部门减少种植易燃棕榈树 3 英语+心理 介绍日常中常见的圆、方、三角三种形状在电影里的含义，分别象征不同人物特征 4 英语+语文 介绍汉字的发展历程，包括起源、演变方式及简化字推广 5 英语+心理 介绍了洗脑神曲（earworm）背后的原理 6 英语+物理 介绍了“气压对吸管内水的影响”实验的材料、步骤及原理 7 英语+物理 介绍了凸透镜和凹透镜的特点及其在日常生活中的应用 ( 0 1 英语+ 天文 ) The moon has two very different sides. The side facing Earth, called the near side, is dark with large, flat areas. These flat regions are remains of ancient lava flows (熔岩流) that happened billions of years ago. The far side, which always faces away from Earth, is the opposite. It has more mountains and craters (陨石坑), making it look rocky. For many years, scientists wondered why the two sides differ so much. Recently, a team led by NASA scientist Ryan Park found the answer lies under the moon’s surface. The team used data (数据) from the mission called GRAIL. In 2011 and 2012, two spacecraft, Ebb and Flow, orbited (绕轨道飞行) the moon for a year. Their job was to measure (测量) how the moon bends because of Earth's gravity (地球引力). Like a soft ball that changes shape when squeezed (挤压), the moon bends (弯曲) slightly as it moves around Earth. This tiny movement gives clues about its interior (内部). ________. Park said, “At first, we couldn’t believe the data and checked it many times.” The near side is warmer inside, which may make its rocks soft and allow more bending. The far side is cooler and harder, so it bends less. This difference explains why the two sides look so different. This discovery helps us understand other planets too. Scientists have used this method to study Jupiter and the asteroid (小行星) Vesta. By observing how these bodies respond to gravity, scientists learn about their internal layers (内层), such as whether they have liquid or solid (固体或液体) parts. Park added, “This method will help explore many planetary bodies in our solar system.” This new knowledge improves our understanding of planet formation (形成) and change. Next time you look at the moon, remember its two faces tell a story about what lies beneath (在……下面). 1．Which image best represents the difference between the moon’s two sides? A． B． C． D． 2．What does the word “their” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Researchers’ plans. B．Results of the study. C．The two orbiting machines. D．Craters on the surface. 3．Which sentence best fills the blank “________” in paragraph 4? A．They finally found both sides were too cold to move. B．At first, they noticed the near side was harder than expected. C．Strangely, the moon’s near side showed more bending. D．At last, the moon’s surface became totally flat. 4．What is the best title for this article? A．The History of Ancient Lava Flows on the Moon. B．Why the Moon Bends Around Earth. C．GRAIL’s New Discoveries About the Moon. D．Measure the Moon’s Surface. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了月球有近侧和远侧，NASA团队借GRAIL任务数据，发现因月球内部温度等差异致两侧弯曲不同，造成外观差异，该发现助于理解其他行星及行星形成变化。 1．细节理解题。文中提到月球近侧（the near side）有大片平坦区域，是古老熔岩流遗迹；远侧（the far side）有更多山脉和陨石坑，看起来多岩石。B选项图片呈现的近侧平坦、远侧多陨石坑等特征与之相符，故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“In 2011 and 2012, two spacecraft, Ebb and Flow, orbited (绕轨道飞行) the moon for a year. Their job was to measure (测量) how the moon bends because of Earth's gravity (地球引力).” ，这里 “Their” 指代的是前面提到的两个绕月飞行的航天器（Ebb和Flow ），即 “The two orbiting machines”，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据 “The near side is warmer inside, which may make its rocks soft and allow more bending. The far side is cooler and harder, so it bends less.” ，说明近侧弯曲更明显，C选项 “奇怪的是，月球的近侧显示出更多的弯曲。” 能衔接上下文，故选C。 4．最佳标题题。文章主要讲述了NASA团队利用GRAIL任务的数据，发现月球两侧差异的原因在于其内部，是关于GRAIL对月球的新发现，C选项 “格莱尔对月球的新发现” 符合文意，故选C。 重难词汇: 1. lava flows​ /ˈlɑːvə fləʊz/ (n. phrase) 熔岩流 2. craters​ /ˈkreɪtəz/ (n.) 陨石坑 3. orbited​ /ˈɔːbɪtɪd/ (v. 过去式) 绕轨道飞行 4. gravity​ /ˈɡrævəti/ (n.) 引力 5. interior​ /ɪnˈtɪəriə(r)/ (n.) 内部 6. planetary bodies​ /ˈplænɪtri ˈbɒdiz/ (n. phrase) 行星天体 长难句精析： 1. 原句: The side facing Earth, called the near side, is dark with large, flat areas. 翻译：朝向地球的一面，被称为近地面，颜色较暗，有巨大而平坦的区域。 分析：这是一个带有复杂修饰的简单句。句子主干是 The side is dark。facing Earth是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 The side。called the near side是过去分词短语作同位语，解释说明主语。with large, flat areas是介词短语，描述伴随的状态。 2. 原句: The team used data from the mission called GRAIL, in which two spacecraft, Ebb and Flow, orbited the moon for a year in 2011 and 2012. 翻译：该团队使用了来自GRAIL任务的数据，在该任务中，两艘名为Ebb和Flow的航天器于2011年和2012年绕月飞行了一年。 分析：这是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句。主句是 The team used data。from the mission called GRAIL是介词短语作定语。in which引导一个非限制性定语从句​ (in which two spacecraft...)，对先行词 mission进行补充说明。从句中，Ebb and Flow是 two spacecraft的同位语。 3. 原句: Like a soft ball that changes shape when squeezed, the moon bends slightly as it moves around Earth. 翻译：就像一个被挤压时会变形的软球，月球在绕地球运行时也会轻微弯曲。 分析：这是一个含有方式状语和状语从句的主从复合句。Like a soft ball...是介词短语作方式状语，将月球比作软球。该短语中包含一个由 that引导的定语从句​ (that changes shape)，修饰 ball。这个定语从句中又包含一个由 when引导的时间状语从句的省略形式​ (when squeezed)。主句是 the moon bends slightly。as it moves around Earth是一个时间状语从句，说明弯曲发生的时间。 ( 02 英语+ 生物 ) （2025·江苏南京·三模）①When people think of wildfires, burning trees often come up. If you see a city burning while its trees remain standing, you might wonder if something unusual is happening. ②For weeks in January, large wildfires spread through Los Angeles. They destroyed a large number of homes and many people lost their lives. As pictures of the fires spread across the Internet, people noticed trees standing next to burned-out homes and cars. Some didn’t believe that a fire would leave trees untouched. “Is there a secret attack on L. A．homes?” they asked. The simple answer is no. As plenty of pictures and videos from Los Angeles show, trees can and do catch fire. ③But it’s true that some did not burn. Scientists say there is a simple explanation for that. ④It is all about moisture. “It’s quite easy to understand,” said Miranda Hart, a biology professor. “Trees are filled with thousands and thousands of liters (升) of water.” To be clear, trees do burn when fires are big and hot enough. But if a tree full of water is next to something very dry, the dry thing will burn first and even change the way of the fire. “In that way, you can imagine the fire just going around the tree if there’s enough ‘fuel’ (燃料) on either side of it,” Prof. Hart added. ⑤In addition, the tree type also matters. Certain trees are more likely to catch fire. Deciduous trees (trees that lose their leaves every year), for example, are hard to burn. That’s because their leaves include more water. While for conifers—trees with needle-like (针状的) leaves, things are the opposite. ⑥In Los Angeles, palms (棕榈树) are everywhere. They’ve become a symbol of the city. But based on the research, palm trees are especially easy to spread fire because of their structure and type. So, to reduce fire risks, the local fire departments have advised against planting more palms. Without proper care, these trees can burn and spread rapidly during wildfires and endanger the people and objects nearby. 1．Some people had doubts about the wildfires in Los Angeles because ________ . A．they have lasted much longer than usual B．hidden enemies attacked homes and cars C．some trees remained unchanged in the fires D．pictures of the fires spread across the Internet 2．How would a fire pass through a tree full of water and dry things according to Prof. Hart? ○a tree full of water    □a dry thing    →fire’s path A． B． C． D． 3．According to the passage, which type of tree is easier to catch fire? A．Trees with thin, narrow and hard leaves. B．Trees which drop their leaves every year. C．Trees with rich water in their broad leaves. D．Trees that are taller than the others around. 4．Which of the following shows the structure of this text according to the theory (理论) below? problem-raising (提出) → problem-analyzing (分析) → problem-solving A．①②→③④→⑤⑥ B．①②→③④⑤→⑥ C．①→②③→④⑤⑥ D．①→②③④⑤→⑥ 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了在洛杉矶发生的大规模山火中，人们发现一些房屋被烧毁却有的树木依然未被波及，从而引发了人们的质疑。接着文章从水分含量和树木种类两个方面分析了有些树难以被引燃的原因，并指出棕榈树等易燃树种会加剧火势，最后提出了当地消防部门减少种植易燃棕榈树的做法。 1．细节理解题。根据第②段“Some didn’t believe that a fire would leave trees untouched. ‘Is there a secret attack on L.A. homes?’ they asked.”可知，人们看到火灾现场的房屋和车辆严重受损，而树木却看似完好无损，因而对火灾的真实性和起因存疑。故选C。 2．推理判断题。文中“But if a tree full of water is next to something very dry, the dry thing will burn first and even change the way of the fire.”提到，如果树木水分充足，火焰往往会绕过树木，转而先点燃干燥的可燃物。对照选项，能体现“火焰绕过树木”这一特点的示意图对应选项B。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Deciduous trees (trees that lose their leaves every year), for example, are hard to burn. That’s because their leaves include more water. While for conifers—trees with needle-like (针状的) leaves, things are the opposite.”文中指出针叶树或结构特殊的棕榈树更容易被点燃，因为它们的叶片干燥、细长。选项A“叶片细长坚硬的树”与此相符。故选A。 4．篇章结构题。本文的结构按照“提出问题→分析问题→解决问题”展开。第①②段提出疑问（为何有些树没被烧）；第③④⑤段分析树木耐火的原因；第⑥段提出减少种植易燃棕榈树的解决措施，对应“①② → ③④⑤ → ⑥”。故选B。 重难词汇: 1. wildfires​ /ˈwaɪldfaɪəz/ (n.) 野火，山火 2. moisture​ /ˈmɔɪstʃə(r)/ (n.) 水分，湿度 3. fuel​ /ˈfjuːəl/ (n.) 燃料 4. deciduous trees​ /dɪˈsɪdʒuəs triːz/ (n. phrase) 落叶树木 5. conifers​ /ˈkɒnɪfəz/ (n.) 针叶树 6. structure​ /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ (n.) 结构，构造 长难句精析： 1. 原句: But if a tree full of water is next to something very dry, the dry thing will burn first and even change the way of the fire. 翻译：但是，如果一棵充满水分的树紧挨着非常干燥的东西，那么干燥的东西会先燃烧，甚至改变火的走向。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。if引导一个条件状语从句​ (if a tree... is next to...)，说明主句情况发生的条件。主句是 the dry thing will burn first and even change the way of the fire，由连词 and连接两个并列谓语 will burn和 (will) change。从句中 full of water是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰 a tree。 2. 原句: So, to reduce fire risks, the local fire departments have advised against planting more palms. 翻译：因此，为降低火灾风险，当地消防部门已建议不要种植更多棕榈树。 分析：这是一个简单句。句子主干是 the local fire departments have advised against planting more palms。句首的 to reduce fire risks是动词不定式短语作目的状语，解释建议的目的。advise against (doing) sth.是一个固定短语，意为“建议不要做某事”。 ( 03 英语+ 心理 ) （25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·月考）Have you seen circles, squares and triangles (三角形) everywhere in your daily life? Have you thought about their meanings in films? Much like colors, different shapes can show different features (特征) of characters in the scenes. Circles represent things that are soft and natural. The round shape reminds us of things that appear in nature, like the sun, flowers, raindrops and so on. We can also connect circles with beautiful eyes, babies’ round faces. All these things make us feel happy and warm. This is why so many cartoon characters’ heroes’ bodies, kids, good people are round in shape, because circles represent goodness, happiness and friendliness. Squares show things that are unnatural or man-made, or things that are boring or old-fashioned. In Up, Carl, an elderly man, has a square face and wears square glasses, while Russell, an 8-year-old boy with a round face, always wears round medals (奖章). These shapes show the characters’ personalities. Carl is stubborn (执拗的) and lonely, while Russell is lovely and full of energy. The angriest shape is the triangle. Kids who draw a monster with sharp teeth draw a row of triangles, don’t they? That’s because the shape represents fear, distrust and doubt in some way. If you look at the bad guys in cartoons, you’ll find they’re all drawn with plenty of points and triangles. And triangles are stable and don’t easily fall down. In films, this feature makes bad people difficult to deal with. Not only in cartoons, but also in other kinds of films, different shapes are used for the same purpose. So, next time you see a film, try to find the hidden shapes and you will know what the characters are like. 1．Which shape is connected with the personality of being stubborn and lonely? A． B． C． D． 2．What can we infer about the filmmaker’s purpose in giving Russell round medals in Up? A．To show he will become a hero later. B．To show he completed more tasks than Carl. C．To clearly show his lively personality. D．To make him look very different from Carl. 3．What does the underlined word “stable” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Easy to change. B．Easy to fail. C．Hard to break. D．Hard to move. 4．Which of the following is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文介绍日常中常见的圆、方、三角三种形状在电影里的含义，分别象征不同人物特征，还建议观众观影时留意这些隐藏形状以了解角色。 1．细节理解题。根据“In Up, Carl, an elderly man, has a square face and wears square glasses”以及“Carl is stubborn and lonely”可知，卡尔长着一张方脸，戴着方形眼镜，性格执拗又孤独，“方形”与“执拗、孤独”的性格相关。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“This is why so many cartoon characters’ bodies-heroes, kids, good people are round in shape, because circles represent goodness, happiness and friendliness.”以及“Russell, an 8-year-old boy with a round face, always wears round medals.”和“Russell is lovely and full of energy”可知，圆形代表善良、快乐和友好，给罗素圆形奖章是为了“凸显他活泼的性格”。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“And triangles are stable and don’t easily fall down.”可知，由不容易倒下可推测“stable”意为“稳固的，难移动的”。故选D。 4．篇章结构题。根据文中内容可知，第①段提出观点——和颜色一样，不同形状能体现电影中角色的特征；第②-④段分别介绍三种形状的象征意义：圆形代表柔软、自然、友好与快乐，方形代表人为、固执与孤独，三角形代表恐惧、邪恶，且稳固难对付；第5段扩展范围（不仅动画，所有电影均适用），建议观众通过形状分析角色，因此文章结构为①-②③④-⑤结构，选项C图示符合。故选C。 重难词汇: 1. triangle​ /ˈtraɪæŋɡl/ (n.) 三角形 2. represent​ /ˌreprɪˈzent/ (v.) 代表，象征 3. feature​ /ˈfiːtʃə(r)/ (n.) 特征，特点 4. personality​ /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/ (n.) 性格，个性 5. stubborn​ /ˈstʌbən/ (adj.) 固执的，倔强的 6. stable​ /ˈsteɪbl/ (adj.) 稳定的 长难句精析： 1. 原句: In Up, Carl, an elderly man, has a square face and wears square glasses, while Russell, an 8-year-old boy with a round face, always wears round medals. 翻译：在电影《飞屋环游记》中，老人卡尔有一张方脸，戴着方眼镜，而8岁的男孩罗素长着圆脸，总是戴着圆形的奖章。 分析：这是一个由连词 while​ 连接的并列复合句，表示对比关系。两个分句结构对称：Carl... has... and wears...与 Russell... wears...。句中 an elderly man是 Carl的同位语，with a round face是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 Russell。 2. 原句: Kids who draw a monster with sharp teeth draw a row of triangles, don‘t they? 翻译：画长着尖牙的怪物的孩子们，会画一排三角形，不是吗？ 分析：这是一个反义疑问句。主句是 Kids draw a row of triangles。who draw a monster with sharp teeth是一个由 who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 Kids。with sharp teeth是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 a monster。 3. 原句: Not only in cartoons, but also in other kinds of films, different shapes are used for the same purpose. 翻译：不仅是在动画片中，在其他类型的电影里，不同的形状也出于同样的目的被使用。 分析：这是一个使用 “not only... but also...”​ 结构的简单句，连接两个并列的状语 in cartoons和 in other kinds of films，表示递进关系。句子主干是 different shapes are used for the same purpose，使用了被动语态。 ( 04 英语+ 语文 ) （25-26九年级上·江苏宿迁·月考）The Chinese language is different from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet (字母表), it uses characters (汉字) which stand for ideas, objects or deeds. Chinese words are formed by putting together different characters. In many cases, a single (单个的) character can also make up a word. As one kind of the most ancient characters, Chinese characters have played an important part in the development of Chinese culture. At first, ancient Sumerian and ancient Egyptian symbols existed (存在), but only Chinese characters are still in use today. The history of the Chinese language can be examined by looking at how these characters developed. Chinese writing began thousands of years ago. According to an ancient story, a man named Cang Jie invented Chinese writing. One winter day while he was hunting, he saw the footprints of animals in the snow and noticed that the appearance of each one was different. Then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects. The first Chinese characters were drawings of physical objects. Some characters have been simplified (简化) and others have been made more difficult over time. However, as a whole, the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms. The character for a mountain was at first three mountaintops together. This became one mountaintop and three lines, and over time turned into the character used today. Sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by putting two or more characters together. For example, “rest” was made up of the characters for a man and a tree. The character “prisoner” was formed with a “man” inside a square. Other characters were developed for directions and numbers. It is easy to distinguish (区别) their meanings by looking at them, for example, the characters for “up” and “down”, which are opposites of each other. Though these kinds of characters show meanings, one of their shortcomings (缺点) is that they do not show how they should be pronounced. Therefore, a way was developed to have one part of a character represent the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation. Many Chinese characters used today were made this way. In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters in the hope to make learning to read and write more understandable to a large number of people, which would increase literacy (读写能力) across the country. And now they have widespread use in China’s mainland. 1．How did the writer introduce the Chinese characters? A．By giving examples. B．By providing causes. C．By expressing opinions. D．By comparing (比较) facts. 2．The sentence “Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.” would best be placed at the beginning of ________. A．Paragraph 5 B．Paragraph 4 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 2 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Chinese characters have turned into standard forms, which are easier than before. B．Chinese characters we use today have been accepted by large numbers of people. C．Chinese words and English words are both formed by putting alphabets and characters together. D．Chinese characters existed at the very beginning and are still in use today just like ancient Sumerian and Egyptian symbols. 4．What might be the best title for the passage? A．How to form Chinese characters. B．The history of Chinese culture. C．The development of Chinese characters. D．The difference between Chinese and Western language. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文介绍汉字的发展历程，包括起源、演变方式及简化字推广。 1．细节理解题。根据文章所给图片及“For example, ‘rest’ was made up of the characters for a man and a tree. The character ‘prisoner’ was formed with a ‘man’ inside a square.”可知作者通过举例来介绍汉字。故选A。 2． 推理判断题。根据文章第二、三段可知，第二段讲述了汉字是从物体的图画演变而来的，第三段介绍了汉字已经从图画发展到标准形式。所以“Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.”适合放在第四段，承接第二、三段，引出第四段“合体字”的内容。故选B。 3．细节理解题。 根据文章“In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters in the hope to make learning to read and write more understandable to a large number of people, which would increase literacy (读写能力) across the country. And now they have widespread use in China’s mainland.”可知，我们今天使用的汉字已经被很多人所接受。故选B。 4． 最佳标题题。文章围绕汉字的发展历程，从起源、演变方式（图画、组合、表音等）到简化字推广等方面展开，所以最佳标题是“汉字的发展”。故选C。 重难词汇: 1. character​ /ˈkærəktə(r)/ (n.) 汉字；字符 2. alphabet​ /ˈælfəbet/ (n.) 字母表 3. simplified​ /ˈsɪmplɪfaɪd/ (adj.) 简化的 4. distinguish​ /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/ (v.) 区分，辨别 5. shortcoming​ /ˈʃɔːtkʌmɪŋ/ (n.) 缺点，短处 6. literacy​ /ˈlɪtərəsi/ (n.) 读写能力；识字 长难句精析： 1. 原句: The Chinese language is different from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds. 翻译：汉语与西方语言的不同之处在于，它不使用字母表，而是使用代表思想、物体或行为的汉字。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是 The Chinese language is different from Western languages。in that引导一个原因/方式状语从句，具体说明如何不同。在这个从句中，主语是 it（指汉语），谓语是 uses，宾语是 characters。which stand for ideas, objects or deeds是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 characters。 2. 原句: In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters in the hope to make learning to read and write more understandable to a large number of people, which would increase literacy across the country. 翻译：20世纪50年代，中国政府推行了简体汉字，希望使学习读写对大多数人来说更容易理解，从而提高全国的识字率。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是 the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters。in the hope to make... people是介词短语作目的状语。句末的 which would increase literacy across the country是一个由 which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句所述的事件，表示该事件可能带来的结果。 3. 原句: Therefore, a way was developed to have one part of a character represent the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation. 翻译：因此，人们创造了一种方法，让汉字的一部分表示意义，另一部分提示读音。 分析：这是一个简单句，但包含复杂的不定式结构。句子主干是 a way was developed（一种方法被创造出来）。to have... the pronunciation是动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰 a way，解释这种方法的具体内容。这个不定式短语中包含一个 have + 宾语 + 动词原形的复合结构 (have one part represent... and the other suggest...)，表示“让……做……”。and连接两个并列的部分。 ( 05 英语+ 心理 ) Have you ever wondered why a catchy tune gets stuck in your head? Scientists call this an “earworm.” While it feels like magic, there’s a surprising amount of mathematics​ and biology​ behind it. The Pattern of Pitch In music, the relationship between notes is mathematical. An octave, where one note vibrates exactly twice as fast as another, is a simple 2:1 ratio. These clear mathematical patterns, like the 3:2 ratio in a perfect fifth, sound pleasant to our brains. Earworms often use these strong, simple intervals, making the pattern easy for our brain​ to grasp and remember. The Architecture of a Hit Look at the structure of popular songs. Many follow a strict pattern like ABABCB, where A is the verse, B is the chorus, and C is the bridge. This creates predictability. Our brains love predicting what comes next. When a chorus (B) repeats after a verse (A), it satisfies that prediction, releasing a small amount of dopamine, a “feel-good” chemical in the brain. The repetition acts like a mental path—the more you walk it, the deeper it gets, making the song hard to forget. The Unexpected Twist However, pure repetition is boring. Composers add slight surprises—an unexpected note, a brief silence, or a unique rhythm. This activates the brain’s​ reward system even more. It’s like solving a tiny puzzle. This mix of predictable patterns and small surprises is the perfect recipe for an earworm. So, the next time you can’t stop humming a tune, remember: it’s not just art. It’s a precise formula of mathematical ratios, repetitive structures, and clever surprises, all working on your brain's chemistry. 1．According to the passage, why does our brain enjoy predictable song structures? A．Because it makes the song easier to play. B．Because it satisfies the brain’s prediction, releasing dopamine. C．Because predictable songs are always simpler. D．Because it helps us fall asleep. 2．What is the role of an “unexpected twist” in a song? A．To make the song longer. B．To confuse the listener. C．To activate the brain’s reward system more strongly. D．To break all mathematical patterns. 3．The passage mentions that an octave has a vibration ratio of 2:1. If a note vibrates at 200 Hz (hertz), how fast does the note one octave higher vibrate? A．100 Hz B．200 Hz C．400 Hz D．600 Hz 4．Look at the song structure ABABCB． If a song has 2 verses, 3 choruses, and 1 bridge, which of the following structures could match ABABCB? A．Verse, Chorus, Verse, Chorus, Bridge, Chorus B．Chorus, Verse, Chorus, Verse, Bridge, Chorus C．Verse, Verse, Chorus, Chorus, Bridge, Chorus D．Verse, Chorus, Bridge, Verse, Chorus, Chorus 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了洗脑神曲（earworm）背后的原理，包括音高的模式、热门歌曲的结构以及意外的转折等因素如何共同作用，使歌曲在大脑中难以忘怀。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Our brains love predicting what comes next. When a chorus (B) repeats after a verse (A), it satisfies that prediction, releasing a small amount of dopamine, a ‘feel-good’ chemical in the brain.”可知，我们的大脑喜欢可预测的歌曲结构，因为它满足了大脑的预测，释放了多巴胺。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“However, pure repetition is boring. Composers add slight surprises…This activates the brain’s reward system even more.”可知，歌曲中的“意外转折”能更强烈地激活大脑的奖励系统。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“An octave, where one note vibrates exactly twice as fast as another, is a simple 2:1 ratio.”可知，一个八度音程的振动比例是2:1。如果一个音符的振动频率是200赫兹，那么高一个八度的音符振动频率就是400赫兹。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Many follow a strict pattern like ABABCB, where A is the verse, B is the chorus, and C is the bridge.”可知，ABABCB的结构是：主歌、副歌、主歌、副歌、桥段、副歌。选项A“Verse, Chorus, Verse, Chorus, Bridge, Chorus”符合这一结构。故选A。 重难词汇: 1. earworm​ /ˈɪəwɜːrm/ (n.) 耳虫，洗脑旋律 2. octave​ /ˈɒktɪv/ (n.) 八度音阶 3. ratio​ /ˈreɪʃiəʊ/ (n.) 比例，比率 4. interval​ /ˈɪntəvl/ (n.) (音乐) 音程；间隔 5. chorus​ /ˈkɔːrəs/ (n.) 歌曲的副歌部分 6. dopamine​ /ˈdəʊpəmiːn/ (n.) 多巴胺 长难句精析： 1. 原句: An octave, where one note vibrates exactly twice as fast as another, is a simple 2:1 ratio. 翻译：八度音阶中，一个音的振动频率正好是另一个音的两倍，这是一个简单的2:1比率。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。句子主干是 An octave is a simple 2:1 ratio。where one note vibrates... another是一个由 where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 octave，具体说明八度音阶的特点。从句中含有一个 twice as fast as的同级比较结构。 2. 原句: When a chorus (B) repeats after a verse (A), it satisfies that prediction, releasing a small amount of dopamine, a “feel-good” chemical in the brain. 翻译：当副歌（B）在主歌（A）之后重复时，它满足了这种预测，从而释放出少量的多巴胺——一种大脑中的“感觉良好”化学物质。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。When引导一个时间状语从句。主句是 it satisfies that prediction。releasing a small amount of dopamine是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示前一个动作带来的结果。a “feel-good” chemical in the brain是 dopamine的同位语，对其进行解释说明。 3. 原句: This mix of predictable patterns and small surprises is the perfect recipe for an earworm. 翻译：这种可预测的模式与微小惊喜的结合，是制造一首“洗脑”音乐的完美配方。 分析：这是一个简单句，但主语部分较长且富含信息。句子主干是 This mix is the perfect recipe。主语 This mix后面的 of predictable patterns and small surprises是介词短语作后置定语，具体说明这种“结合”的内容。recipe在这里是比喻用法，形象地说明了“洗脑”音乐是如何被“配制”出来的。 ( 06 英语+ 物理 ) （25-26九年级上·吉林·月考）Boys and girls, before we start, there are a few things you need to keep in mind: First, safety first—don’t pour water onto desks. Second, follow the steps strictly. Third, observe (观察) carefully. Fourth, class rules: work quietly in groups and raise your hand if you have questions. Today we are going to find out how air pressure affects (影响) the water in the straw! Class: Physics    Date: 2025/12/09 An Experiment (实验) about Air Pressure Materials: Steps: ·Fill the cup with water until it’s almost full. ·Put the straw into the water. ·Cover the top of the straw with your finger tightly (紧紧地) and lift the straw up. ·Observe what happens to the water in the straw. The science behind it: Air pressure is all around us. When you cover the top of the straw with your finger, you stop the air from getting into the top of the straw. The air pressure below the water (from the cup) pushes the water up into the straw, so the water stays in the straw even when you lift it. 1．The experiment is done on ________. A．September 12th B．October 9th C．November 12th D．December 9th 2．The following materials are needed in this experiment EXCEPT ________. A．a bottle B．a cup C．a straw D．water 3．We need to cover the top of the straw with a finger tightly in Step 3 ________. A．to prevent the finger from getting wet B．to hold the straw more tightly when we lift it C．to make sure air can’t enter from the top of the straw D．to push the water down into the cup through the straw 4．The water stays in the straw when we lift it ________. A．because the straw is very thin and strong B．because water pressure is everywhere around us C．because the air pressure below pushes the water up D．because the cup is almost full of water 5．The purpose (目的) of this experiment is to ________. A．let students know how to keep safe in the experiment B．find out how air pressure affects the water in the straw C．teach students how to do a physics experiment successfully D．show that air pressure is everywhere around us in our life 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了2025年12月9日的物理实验说明，介绍了“气压对吸管内水的影响”实验的材料、步骤及原理，目的是让学生了解气压如何作用于吸管中的水。 1． 细节理解题。根据“Date: 2025/12/09”可知，这个实验是在12月9日做的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Materials: a cup, a straw, your finger, water”可知，实验需要的材料不包括瓶子。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“When you cover the top of the straw with your finger, you stop the air from getting into the top of the straw.”可知，在步骤3中紧紧用手指盖住吸管顶部是为了确保空气不会从吸管顶部进入。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“The air pressure below the water (from the cup) pushes the water up into the straw, so the water stays in the straw even when you lift it.”可知，当我们提起吸管时水会留在里面是因为下方的气压把水往上推。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据“Today we are going to find out how air pressure affects (影响) the water in the straw!”可知，这个实验的目的是弄清楚气压如何影响吸管里的水。故选B。 重难词汇: 1. pressure​ /ˈpreʃə(r)/ (n.) 压力 2. observe​ /əbˈzɜːv/ (v.) 观察 3. tightly​ /ˈtaɪtli/ (adv.) 紧紧地，牢固地 长难句精析： 1. 原句: When you cover the top of the straw with your finger, you stop the air from getting into the top of the straw. 翻译：当你用手指紧紧盖住吸管顶端时，你阻止了空气进入吸管上端。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。When引导一个时间状语从句​ (When you cover the top...)。主句是 you stop the air from getting into...，其中 stop... from doing是一个固定短语，意为“阻止……做某事”。 2. 原句: The air pressure below the water (from the cup) pushes the water up into the straw, so the water stays in the straw even when you lift it. 翻译：水（从杯中）下方的空气压力将水向上推入吸管，因此即使你将吸管提起，水也会留在吸管内。 分析：这是一个由 so连接的并列复合句，表示因果关系。第一个分句 The air pressure... pushes the water...是原因。第二个分句 the water stays in the straw...是结果。这个结果分句本身又包含一个由 even when引导的让步状语从句​ (even when you lift it)，强调了“即使提起吸管”这一相反条件，水依然不会流出。 ( 07 英语+ 物理 ) （2025·河南郑州·一模）Lenses (镜片) are useful tools that help us see things more clearly. They are widely used in our daily lives. They can help us read small words in books and take clear photos. They are also used to help people who have trouble seeing things clearly, like those who can’t see far away or those who can’t see things up close. There are many kinds of lenses, but today we will talk about convex and concave lenses. Imagine you’re using a magnifying glass (放大镜) to read small words in a book. What happens when you move the glass closer to the words? The letters get bigger, right? That’s the power of a convex lens. Convex lenses are thicker in the middle and thinner at the sides. When light passes through a convex lens, it is brought together at a single point called the focus. This is why magnifying glasses, camera lenses, and even the lenses for some old people use convex lenses to see more clearly. Different from convex lenses, concave lenses are thinner in the middle and thicker at the sides. When light passes through concave lenses, it spreads out. You can find concave lenses in your daily life. For example, if you are nearsighted (近视的), your glasses probably have concave lenses. You are nearsighted because the light entering your eyes does not focus exactly on the retina (视网膜). When you wear glasses with concave lenses, the light spreads out first and then enters the eyes, allowing it to focus correctly on the retina. In this way, you can see things clearly. 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．How lenses work. B．What lenses look like. C．What lenses are used for. D．How many kinds of lenses there are. 2．Which of the following have convex lenses according to the text? a. Cameras.    b. Mirrors.    c. Magnifying glasses.    d. Nearsighted glasses. A．a, c B．a, d C．b, c D．b, d 3．How does the concave lens work? A． B． C． D． 4．How does the writer mainly organize the text in the last paragraph? A．Facts→Opinions. B．Descriptions→Examples. C．Causes→Effects. D．Problems→Solutions. 5．What is the purpose of the text? A．To express feelings of using different lenses. B．To give advice on how to learn physics well. C．To offer information about science in daily life. D．To encourage students to use more modern tools. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】 本文介绍了凸透镜和凹透镜的特点及其在日常生活中的应用。 1．段落大意题。第一段主要介绍了镜片的用途，包括帮助阅读、拍照和矫正视力等。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“This is why magnifying glasses, camera lenses, and even the lenses for some old people use convex lenses to see more clearly.”可知，相机和放大镜使用凸透镜。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“When you wear glasses with concave lenses, the light spreads out first and then enters the eyes, allowing it to focus correctly on the retina.”（当你佩戴凹透镜眼镜时，光线先扩散，然后进入眼睛，使其正确聚焦在视网膜上。）可推知，凹透镜的工作原理是“光线先扩散，然后聚焦”。故选D。 4．细节理解题。最后一段先描述了凹透镜的特点，然后通过近视眼镜的例子说明其应用，因此结构是“描述→举例”。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。本文通过介绍凸透镜和凹透镜的特点及其应用，旨在提供日常生活中与科学相关的信息。故选C。 重难词汇: 1. lens​ /lenz/ (n.) 镜片，透镜 2. convex​ /ˈkɒnveks/ (adj.) 凸面的 3. concave​ /ˈkɒnkeɪv/ (adj.) 凹面的 4. focus​ /ˈfəʊkəs/ (n.) 焦点；(v.) 聚焦 长难句精析： 1. 原句: They are also used to help people who have trouble seeing things clearly, like those who can’t see far away or those who can’t see things up close. 翻译：它们也被用来帮助那些看东西有困难的人，比如看不清远处东西的人或看不清近处东西的人。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是 They are also used to help people。who have trouble seeing things clearly是一个由 who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 people。后面的 like those who... or those who...是介词短语作同位语，举例说明是哪类人。其中又包含两个由 who引导的定语从句，分别修饰两个 those。 2. 原句: When light passes through a convex lens, it is brought together at a single point called the focus. 翻译：当光线穿过凸透镜时，它会被聚拢到一个叫做焦点的点上。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。When引导一个时间状语从句​ (When light passes through a convex lens)。主句是 it is brought together at a single point，使用了被动语态​ (is brought)。called the focus是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 point，相当于定语从句 which is called the focus。 3. 原句: When you wear glasses with concave lenses, the light spreads out first and then enters the eyes, allowing it to focus correctly on the retina. 翻译：当你佩戴凹透镜眼镜时，光线先扩散然后再进入眼睛，使其能正确聚焦在视网膜上。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。When引导时间状语从句。主句是 the light spreads out first and then enters the eyes，由 and连接两个并列谓语。allowing it to focus correctly on the retina是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示前一个动作带来的结果。it指代 the light。allow sb./sth. to do sth.为固定搭配。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $