Unit 2 知识点梳理讲义（下）-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册各单元知识点精讲精练（新教材译林版）

英语学科教师辅导讲义 学生姓名： 年 级：初二 课时数：3 辅导科目：英语 辅导教师： 辅导内容：8BU2-2 辅导日期：2026.2.10 教学目标：重点单词：business, marry,mix,message, hero, decision 重点短语：on business; get married to; not until; show off; 重点语法：现在完成时 【同步语法梳理】 现在完成时 1. have/has been to/gone to/been in 用法区别 have gone to 去了未回 have been to 去了已回/次数，常与次数（never/once/twice/three times…；或How many times连用） have been in 去了未回，且在某地呆了一段时间，后常接 表示延续性的时间状语 练习： 一、用have gone to / have been to / have been in / went to 填空。 1. ______ you ever _______ Disneyland? 2. How many times______ you ______ Disneyland ? 3. I ________ Nanjing since two years ago 4. Mr. Li ________ Hong Kong. And he’ll come back in two days. 5. —How long _______ you _______ Disneyland ?—For three days. I ______ the theme park last Sunday. 6. My father ________ Hong Kong two weeks ago. 7. My father ________Hong Kong in 2019. 8. My father ________Hong Kong since 2005. 9. My father ________Hong Kong twice. 10. My father ________Hong Kong andhe hasn’t come back yet. Keys: Have, been to; have, been to; have been in; has gone to; have been in, wen to; went to; wen to; has been in; has been to; has gone to. 2、 单选 1. He isn't here. He _______ Shanghai. He _______ Shanghai since three days ago. He _____ there many times. A. has been to; has gone to; has been B. has gone to; has been in; has gone C. has been in; has been to; has gone D. has gone to; has been in; has been 2. I ______ this magazine from the library last Friday, and have ______ it for more than a week. A. lent ; kept B. borrowed ; borrowed C. borrowed ; kept D. kept ; borrowed 3.— Where is your father? — He_______ Shanghai. He has_______ there for a week. A. has gone to; gone B. has been in; gone   C. has been to; been D. has gone to; been 4. Kitty with her parents ________ Hong Kong since last week. A. have been in B. have gone to C. has been to D. has stayed in 5. Everyone except Tom and Mike________Wuxi before. A. has gone to B. have been to C has been to D. have gone to Keys:DCDDB 2. for 和since 后面加一段时间，引导现在完成时，瞬间动作需要改延续动作。 在现在完成时中，瞬间动作可以用现在完成时，但是后面不能跟一段时间，如果出现了一段时间，此时瞬间动词需要改为延续性动词。 例如： He has left.正确 He has left for an hour.错误 需要改为 He has been away for an hour.或者He left an hour ago. 注意：对for+一段时间或者since+一段时间 +ago 划线提问用how long. 对过去式的时间状语……ago提问用when。 常见瞬间动词改延续性动词如下表： 瞬间动词 延续性动词 例句： borrow/lend keep She has kept this book for three weeks. buy have He has had this motorcycle for two years. leave be away They have been away from home for two days. arrive/reach/get/move be in/at Kitty has been in Hong Kong for a month. come/go be in My mum has been in Beijing for two months. begin/start be on The film has been on for an hour. stop/finish/end be over The meeting has been over for two hours. die be dead The lamb has been dead for some time. join be in be a member of Simon has been a member of the Football Club since last year. become be How long has your sister been a teacher? open be open The shop has been open for ten hours. close be closed The market has been closed since 2010. fall asleep be asleep The dog has been asleep for several hours. get married be married They have been married for fifteen years. come back be back The lost cat has been back since last night. 练习： 单选 1. —The shopping mall________ for two years, but I________ there only once. A. has opened; have gone B. had opened; have been C. has been open; have gone D. has been open; have been 2.— How long has Mr White ______ Joan? — I'm not so sure. It is said that they ______ five years ago. A. married to; got married B. been married; got married C. married; married to D. been married to; got married 3. --- How long _______ his grandpa __________? --- ________ two years ago. A. did; die; Since B. has; been dead; For C. did; die; For D. has; been dead; Since 4. —________ have you learnt English? —Since 2006. A. How far B. How often C. How long D. How soon 5. —I have bought an English dictionary. —When and where ________ you ________ it? A. have, bought B. did, buy C. will, buy D. do, buy Keys: DDDCB 【同步知识梳理】 知识点1：My dad has gone on a business trip there this week. （P26） 用法解析：go on a business trip 商务出差 go on holiday 去度假 拓展： be on business 出差 none of one’s business 与某人无关 do business with sb 与某人做生意 business作为生意不可数，作为生意的种类可数 知识点2：Gubei Water Town is a wonderful mix of ancient villages, mountains and water.（P26） 用法解析：mix n.混合，混杂，结合 mixture n.混合物 拓展：mix v.混合 搭配：mix A with B 把A和B混合在一起 mixed adj.混合的 知识点3.They won’t come back until next weekend.（P26） 用法拓展：not……until……直到……才（开始），谓语动词既可以用瞬间动作，也可以用延续性动作，对时间状语提问用when。 until直到……为止（动作已结束），谓语动词需要用延续性动作，对时间状语提问用how long。 知识点4：I sent a message to Sandy a moment ago.（P27） 用法解析：send a message to sb 给某人发送一条短信 知识点5：We can’t wait to share our travel experiences with each other.（P27） 用法解析：can’t wait to do 迫不及待做某事 can’t help/stop doing sth 情不自禁做某事 experience n.经验（不可数）；经历（可数） 知识点6：She married Uncle Xu five years ago. They have been married for five years.（P28） 用法解析：marry 结婚，嫁，娶 常见搭配：marry sb/get married to sb 和某人结婚，因为marry是瞬间动作，所以在现在完成时中，出现一段时间，需要把get married to改为be married. 拓展：marriage n.婚姻 知识点7：Yan’an was the base of the Communist Party of China and has become a symbol of the Chinese people’s spirit of never giving up during that difficult period.（P30） 用法解析：the base of ……的基础/基石； base on 以……为基础 the Communist Party of China 中国共产党 party n.派对，党派 be a symbol of 是……的象征 give up 放弃 give in 屈服，投降； give off 散发光热； give out 分发 知识点8：As the saying goes,“East or west, Guilin’s landscape is the best.”（P31） 用法解析： East or west, Guilin’s landscape is the best.桂林山水甲江南 引申：East or west ,home is the best. 金窝银窝，不如自家草窝。 知识点9：I’ve decided to stay at home and do some online tours.（P31） 用法解析：decide to do 决定做某事=make a decision to do sth=make up one’s mind to do sth 知识点10：These beautiful gardens have a long history and are a cultural treasure of China.（P32） 用法解析：cultural treasure of China 中国文化瑰宝 treasure 宝藏（不可数），珠宝，珍宝（可数） 知识点11：These gardens are special because their designs show off the beauty of natural landscapes.（P32） 用法解析：show off 炫耀，展示，卖弄； show up 出现； show sb around 带某人参观某事 知识点12：A walk through the gardens will make you feel relaxed.（P32） 用法解析：make sb +adj 使某人……样； relaxed adj.放松的 relax v.放松 relaxing adj.令人放松的 知识点13：No matter where you stand, there is always a perfect picture in front of you.（P32） 用法解析：no matter where 无论哪里=wherever 引导状语从句，从句需要用陈述语序 类似：no matter +特殊疑问词=特殊疑问词和ever组合 no matter what=whatever; no matter who=whoever; no matter how=however… 【精题精练精讲】 单选 1．—When did you go to bed last night, Curry? —________. A．Since 11 o’clock B．Since my mother came back C．Until I finished my homework D．Not until my father came back from work 2. He is a teacher with a lot of ____________. He often tells us many of his interesting____________in Africa. A. experiences; experience B. experience; experience C. experience; experiences D. experienced; experience 3. Jack Rose in 1998. That is to say, they for 15 years. A. got married with; have got married B. got married to; have married C. married; have been married D. married to; have been married 4．—Do you know when your uncle Jim ________ your aunt? —I’m not sure. But I know they ________ for more than twenty years. A．married with; got married B．married; have been married C．married to; have married D．got married; were married 5．—Do you know how long China Grand Canal Museum ________? —For nearly three years. I remembered it ________ on a sunny day. A．has been open; opening B．has been open; opened C．has been opened; opening D．has opened; opened 6．Pay attention to your words. Just as the saying goes, “A tree ________ by its fruit, and a man by its talk.” A．knows B．is known C．knew D．will be known 7. My parents expects me to __________ for that famous musical tour next year, so he books the summer camp organized by experienced drama teacher for me. A. stay up B. show off C. go over D. try out 8. — Why didn’t Tom come to the party last night? — He said he was sick, but I think he just didn’t want to ______. A. show up B. show off C. show around D. show out 9. The old lamp ______ a soft yellow light when it was turned on. A. gave in B. gave up C. gave off D. gave out 10. The film ________ real-life events________ by Li An. It’s moving. A. based upon, directed B. was based upon, was directed C. based upon, was directed D. was based upon, directed 11. Do you think how long this year’s Ice and Snow Festival will last? ___________Feb 28. A. Not until B.On C.Until D.Since 12. My father ________ as a pilot for three years in the navy, but now he is an excellent astronaut. A. has served B.serves C.is serving D.served Keys:DCCBB DDACC CD 词汇 1. The ________(精神) of the Women’s Volleyball Team has influenced the whole country. 2. In a ________（mix） school, older students often help younger ones with their homework. 3. ___________(marry) requires both love and responsibility. 4. The company will send ___________(信息) to all employees about the new office location. 5. The class couldn't reach __________（决定） on which play to perform, so they voted. 6. Many small ____________(busy) struggled to survive during the economic crisis. 7. Students often look up to sports stars as ___________(英雄) because of their amazing skills. 8. There are many beautiful pocket parks and city reading rooms in_____________Yangzhou. (center) 9. The problem we all paid more attention to_____________solved the other day. (be) Keys:spirit; mixed; Marriage; message; decisions; businesses; heroes; central; was. 翻译句子 1. 穿红色可以使你更容易做出决定。 _________________________________________________________________. 2.许多人直到失去健康才意识到它的重要性。 _________________________________________________________________. 3. 它是那时的一个记录，它也已经成为了人类精神胜利的一个象征。 _________________________________________________________________. 4.我爸爸去成都出差过两次。 _________________________________________________________________. 5. 无论我走到哪里，都会记得我的家乡。 _________________________________________________________________. Keys: 1. Wearing red can make it easier for you to make a decision. 2. Many people didn’t realize the importance of health until they lost it. 3. It is a record of that time and it has become a symbol of the victory of human spirit. 4. My father has been to Chengdu on business twice. 5. No matter where I go, I will always remember my hometown. 【能力拓展训练】 完型填空 When I was young, flowers filled my mom’s garden each spring. I 1 thought that Mom had done much about them behind the scenes, until she shared her secret with me. One day last November, Mom and I spent a whole morning planting flower bulbs. I 2 one in each hole and covered it over with soil. My fingers were numb (麻木的) by the time we finished. 3 , the ground looked just as empty and flat as it had been before. Then Mom told me to wait. I didn't only wait—I watched. I watched 4 all through the winter… I imagined Mom’s garden full of beautiful flowers… On the last day of April, I went outside to find the garden full of colorful flowers. How amazing!Our 5 work paid off. “My boy, tomorrow morning,” Mom said, “we will walk the neighborhood and 6 a basket of flowers on each doorstep. “What?” I almost cried. “Are we selling our flowers?” “Of course not,” she said 7 .“In fact, nobody will even know they’re from us. We’ll leave them at our neighbors’ as a 8 . Doesn't that sound fun?” “To me, it doesn’t sound fun at all!”I replied unwillingly. “They’re our flowers. We should keep them for 9 !” “Flowers are like kindness,” Mom said. “Their 10 is meant to be shared.” Early the next morning, Mom 11 me up. We brought the baskets and stopped near the first house. I took one basket, set it by the doorstep and rang the bell, then we quickly ran away. To make sure that no one took notice of us, we 12 behind the trees and waited. Finally, the door 13 . A man came out, looking surprised. He picked up the flower basket and then smiled. Mom hugged me. I got a good 14 inside. Now I knew what she meant about beauty sharing. I couldn't wait to get to the next house！ By the time we got home, I was grinning (咧着嘴笑) from ear to ear. The garden was empty, but my heart was 15 . Not until then did I understand the meaning of my mom's secret. 1. A. always B. often C. seldom D. never 2. A. made B. dropped C. repaired D. blew 3. A. Instead B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise 4. A. suddenly B. hopefully C. nervously D. quickly 5. A. boring B. hard C. public D. common 6. A. leave B. sell C. enjoy D. smell 7. A. rudely B. politely C. curiously D. excitedly 8. A. choice B. task C. surprise D. decision 9. A. themselves B. ourselves C. himself D. myself 10. A. sizes B. shapes C. meaning D. beauty 11. A. woke B. cheered C. picked D. gave 12. A. played B. hid C. jumped D. chatted 13. A. closed B. appeared C. opened D. fell 14. A. feeling B. promise C. standard D. method 15. A. sad B. heavy C. full D. peaceful Keys:DBCBB ADCBD ABCAC 阅读理解 A Michaela Benthaus, a 33- year- old German aerospace(航空航天) engineer, made history on December 20, 2025.She boarded Blue Origin's New Shepard rocket and became the first wheelchair user to travel beyond the Kármán line. The 10- minute flight marked a big step forward for inclusive(包容性) space exploration. Benthaus's road to space was hard. A 2018 mountain biking accident left her paralyzed (瘫痪的) from the waist down, confining her to a wheelchair. But it did not end her passion for space. She earned a master's degree in aerospace engineering and worked at the European Space Agency, focusing on Mars atmosphere research and spacecraft landing technology. “Even as an able-bodied person, becoming an astronaut felt out of reach,” Benthaus said before the flight. “After my accident, I thought space was totally impossible for someone like me.” Her dream got a breakthrough in 2024 when she met Hans Koenigsmann, a former SpaceXleader,at a drone competition in Munich. Koenigsmann helped partner with Blue Origin, a US aerospace company, which made small but key adjustments (调整): adding transfer benches, refining leg restraints (固定装置) for micro gravity safety, and using the launch pad's elevator for boarding. This cross-border collaboration between a German engineer, a US firm and a European space organization made the historic flight possible. During the flight, Benthaus enjoyed minutes of weightlessness, using a special strap (带条)to fix her legs and gazing at Earth's curvature (弧线).“I didn't want to miss a single second of the view from space,” she recalled. This flight is more than a personal win. It proves space can welcome everyone with proper preparation. While Benthaus hopes to be a special pioneer: “I want to be the first, not the last. ”She is also raising money for spinal cord injury (脊髓损伤) research, showing that dreams have no boundaries with courage and inclusion. 1. What does the underlined word “confining” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Forcing someone to stay in a place. B. Helping someone to achieve a goal. C. Allowing someone to make a choice. D. Encouraging someone to try new things. 2. What did Blue Origin do to help Benthaus realize her dream? A. It invited her to join the team. B. It designed a new rocket for her. C. It made small but key adjustments. D. It provided her with a special strap. 3. Which of the following is the correct order of events? ① Benthaus met Hans Koenigsmann. ② Benthaus had a mountain biking accident. ③ Benthaus flew to space aboard New Shepard. ④ Benthaus worked at the European Space Agency. A. ②→①→④→③ B. ②→④→①→③ C. ④→②→①→③ D. ④→①→②→③ 4. What can we learn from Benthaus's experience? A. A dream is never out of reach with courage and inclusion. B. Proper preparation is the most important thing for space travel. C. Spinal cord injury research will be cured from space exploration. D. The able- bodied people have the chance to achieve space dreams. Keys:ACBA B When we talk about spending habits, we usually think about whether we save or waste money. We seldom think about the “carbon footprint” or other harms to the environment. But recent studies tell us that our spending habits have harmed the environment a lot. These habits include buying too much, using too much wrapping (包装), and depending too much on online shopping. First, let's talk about buying too much. Ads for new products and frequent sales make it hard for us to refuse “good deals”. I often buy things I don't really need, like more shampoos or makeups. Some of them even go bad before I open them！In the US, the number of people has grown by 60% since 1970, but people spend 4 times more money.This means more resources are used to make products, and more waste is produced. Unluckily, many unused things are thrown away, which makes pollution worse and fills landfills. Using too much wrapping is another problem. I like getting beautifully wrapped gifts and I'm glad to decorate gifts for others, because it shows my care and thanks. Wrapping paper, ribbons and cards look nice, but people throw them away right after opening the gifts. Most of these materials can't be reused. So they end up in crowded landfills and pollute water, soil and air. For example, Americans send over 2 billion Christmas cards every year. The paper used is enough to build a 61-story building!Tons of ribbons are thrown away too. Smartphones have changed our spending habits greatly, making us depend more on online shopping. I like online shopping because it's easy——I can buy things anytime and anywhere. But this convenience (方便) hurts the environment a lot. Online orders need more wrapping. What's more, over 30% of online goods are sent back, which doubles the environmental cost. Every year,241 million tons of shipping boxes are made, using 3 billion trees. In 2020, shipping and returning goods caused 37% of greenhouse gas emissions (排放物). Fast fashion is very popular among young people like me. But it uses a lot of resources:93 billion cubic meters of water every year, which can meet the needs of 5 million people. It also causes about 20% of industrial water pollution. Besides, it produces 10% of global carbon emissions and this number may rise by 50% by 2030. Cheap materials like polyester (聚酯纤维)are hard to reuse, adding more waste. Our spending habits have made natural resources run out quickly, and produced waste and pollution that are hard to fix. So I think it's time for us to check our spending habits and try to change. In this way, we can be more thoughtful shoppers and protect the environment better. 1. What does “carbon footprint” probably mean in Paragraph 1? A. The daily habits of saving carbon-based energy. B. The influence of human activities on the environment. C. A kind of footprint left by animals that produce carbon. D. The amount of money spent on carbon-related products. 2. How much global carbon emissions will fast fashion produce in 2030? A. 10%. B. 20%. C. 50%. D. 60%. 3. Which of the following action is friendly to the environment? A. Buy more shampoos than we need and some go bad. B. Choose gifts with more beautiful and fashionable wrapping. C. Use reusable cloth bags instead of plastic bags when shopping. D. Return online goods in time if they don't look as good as we expect. 4. What is the writer's main reason for writing this passage? A. To explain why online shopping and fast fashion are popular. B. To introduce different popular spending habits among young people. C. To tell readers how to save money through changing spending habits. D To show that spending habits harm the environment and call for changes. Keys:BDCD 首字母填空 Fan Jinshi: Daughter of Dunhuang The Mogao Caves(莫高窟) are a very special place in China, which lie in Dunhuang, GansuProvince. Many people,i 1 archaeologists(考古学家) and researchers, work hard to take care of the Mogao Caves and learn more about them. Fan Jinshi is one of them. Fan has worked hard to research and p 2 the ancient Dunhuang caves. She has done a lot. She is k 3 to the public as the “Daughter of Dunhuang”. Fan Jinshi was born in Beijing in 1938. Her father graduated from Tsinghua University and he had a strong i 4 in Chinese classical art and culture. Influenced by her father, Fan fell in love with t 5 Chinese culture, then she went to work in Dunhuang after graduating. She never thought about giving up,t 6 the working and living conditions were difficult. In the late 1980s, Fan thought of the idea of digitalizing the caves. She l 7 her team to create the “digital Dunhuang” website in 2016 after more than 30 years of hard work. Thanks to the continued e 8 from Fan and her team, the world gets to enjoy this wonder. “Money should be spent in the right way. People cannot only think of t 9 ,Dunhuang has shaped and made me who I am. Without Dunhuang, I would not be here today, ”she said. The Mogao S 10 encourages so many young people. After learning about what she has done, more teenagers should learn from her. Keys: including; protect; known; interest; traditional; though; led; efforts; themselves; Spirit. 【课后巩固训练】 完形填空 A father saw his son crying. He asked him, “What’s the matter?” The young boy replied, “My rich classmates 1 me, and called me the son of a poor gardener. They said that my father was just a worker who 2 lived on the money from watering and growing plants for people.” Learning about that, the father was 3 for a moment, and then said, “Come with me, my son. Let’s plant some flowers.” He held his son’s hand and walked into the garden. Then, he took out some 4 and said, “Let’s plant two flowers separately. I use 5 water from the lake, and you water yours with dirty water from the pond (池塘). We will see the results in the coming 6 and at that moment you will cheer up.” The son was happy and he 7 his father in planting the flowers right away. It 8 them some days to help the flower seeds germinate (发芽). They cared for them and watched them grow. Several weeks later, they went to the 9 . The father said, “Look at the two flowers and tell me your 10 .” Then the boy said unexpectedly, “My flower looks 11 than yours. But you used cleaner water. How is that even possible?” The father smiled and said, “That’s because dirty water from the pond doesn’t 12 a plant from growing. Instead, it serves organic fertilizer (有机肥料) to help the flower grow. Remember that there’s nothing 13 with you when some people look down upon you in your life. Don’t let those bad words 14 you in bad ways. Let them encourage you, and then you will be like the flower and bloom (开花) even in the dirt.” The boy felt confident 15 he heard what his father said. From then on, he wouldn’t get upset about bad words anymore. 1. A. believed in B. looked after C. laughed at D. depended on 2. A. quite B. only C. even D. almost 3. A. crazy B. angry C. brave D. silent 4. A. seeds B. flowers C. bags D. books 5. A. harmful B. clean C. strange D. tiny 6. A. hours B. weeks C. months D. years 7. A. kept B. practiced C. joined D. minded 8. A. took B. caught C. brought D. held 9. A. yard B. room C. garden D. kitchen 10. A. dreams B. thoughts C. purposes D. prizes 11. A. darker B. harder C. further D. healthier 12. A. stop B. help C. wait D. share 13. A. wrong B. usual C. lucky D. different 14. A. advise B. forget C. manage D. influence 15. A. if B. unless C. after D. though Keys:CBDAB BCACB DAADC 阅读理解 Imagine you and your friend are looking for a lost glove. That moment of looking at the glove together, where one person follows the gaze (注视) of another to focus on the same object, is called joint attention (共同注意). It is a key part of how people learn and connect with others. Joint attention involves three basic steps. First, one person starts the interaction (互动) by directing their attention toward something, such as Tim seeing a rainbow and excitedly looking up at it. Second, another person becomes aware of the first person’s focus; for example, Iman sees Tim looking up at something in the sky. Finally, the second person responds by following the first person’s gaze to the object of interest—in this case, Iman moves her attention to where Tim is looking and sees the rainbow as well. When completing tasks or solving problems, it is often said that two heads are better than one, which means that collaboration is better than working alone. But what does “better” mean? In one study, researchers asked pairs of participants to complete a visual search task alone and then together. They found that when the participants worked together, they were faster and more accurate at finding the target (目标), which researchers suggest is “better” performance. Researchers have found that people naturally pay attention to items that other people look at, and one potential (潜在的) reason could be that humans have learned over time that paying attention to what other people are attending to can help us stay safe, communicate better with others, and navigate (适应) the environment. These findings suggest that we might better remember the objects we are jointly paying attention to. In conclusion, joint attention is an important aspect (方面) of human interaction that shapes how people work together and how they remember. Whether people are looking for something they have lost or working on a task with others, paying attention together makes them faster and more accurate, and helps them remember information better. 1. The writer begins the passage by_________. A. explaining a key term directly B. presenting a scientific experiment C. giving a way of looking for a glove D. describing a common situation in real life 2. What does the underlined word “collaboration” probably mean in the passage? A. Solving problems quickly. B. Competing against each other. C. Working together with others. D. Avoiding communication with others. 3. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4? A. Joint attention can help with memory. B. Paying attention to other people is helpful. C. Humans naturally follow others’ gaze for fun. D. People should notice the environment around. 4. What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． Keys:DCAA 阅读表达 根据短文内容回答问题（每小题答案不超过10个单词）。 Are you listening to music or eating a snack while you read this? Are you thinking about your homework at the same time? If you are doing two or more things together, you are multitasking. But is that always good? You might think that multitasking saves time. For a start, you get to kill two birds with one stone. However, scientists are finding that multitasking can put us under a lot of stress, and actually make us less efficient(高效的). Researchers are now trying to figure out how the brain moves attention from one subject to another. Although doing many things at the same time can be a way of making tasks more fun and lively," you have to keep in mind that you do this at the cost of focus," said psychiatrist(精神病专家)and author Edward M.Hallowell. However, there are examples in which multitasking can be helpful. In some cases, listening to music while doing easy homework makes some students feel more creative because they are using different ways of thinking. And people can do simple, everyday tasks together, such as walking and talking. But, once they need deeper thinking, the brain has "a serious bottleneck," Hallowell said. Today's technology makes us do more and more things in a shorter period of time. It is a very different world from 10 or 20 years ago, when a desk worker had a typewriter, a phone and maybe a coworker who visited the office. In the past, many people used telephones with cords(电线), which were fixed. You needed to sit down, put your feet up and chat---multitasking wasn't allowed. Now, smartphones and PDAs(Personal Digital Assistants) give us more distractions(使分心的事). Multitasking can make things more exciting, but be careful. As Hallowell added, "Multitasking gives the illusion (幻觉) that we're achieving things at the same time, but we're really not. It's like playing tennis with three balls." 1. What is multitasking according to the passage? _____________________________________________________________________. 2. Why does listening to music while doing easy homework make some students feel more creative? _____________________________________________________________________. 3. Does today's technology make people more relaxed or busier? _____________________________________________________________________. 4. What gives us more distractions now? _____________________________________________________________________. 5. Would you like to multitask? Why or why not? _____________________________________________________________________. Keys: 1. Doing two or more things together. 2. Because they are using different ways of thinking. 3. Busier. 4. Smartphones and PDAs. 5. Yes, because it saves a lot of time.(答案不唯一，合理即可) 缺词填空 Many would agree that when we talk about Christmas, we probably think of gifts, Christmas trees and Santa Claus. But behind all these things lies the true m___1___ of Christmas: the importance of sharing and giving love and joy to people around us. The story in A Christmas Carol is perhaps the best e___2___of this. A Christmas Carol is a famous short novel w___3___by Charles Dickens. It is about an old man named Scrooge who never laughs or smiles. He is mean and only thinks about h___4___. He doesn't treat others nicely. He just cares about whether he can make more money and he hates Christmas. One Christmas Eve, Scrooge sees the ghost of Jacob Marley, his dead business partner. Marley used to be just like Scrooge, so he was punished after he died. He warns Scrooge to change his ways i___5___ he doesn't want to end up like him. He also tells Scrooge to expect three spirits to visit him. That night, three ghosts visit Scrooge. First, the Ghost of Christmas Past takes him back to his childhood and r___6___ Scrooge of his happier days as a child. Then the s___7___spirit, the Ghost of Christmas Present, takes him to see how others are spending Christmas this year. Everyone is happy, even poor people. The last one, the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come, takes him to the f___8___. Scrooge sees that he is dead, but nobody cares. He is so scared that he wakes up in his bed and finds out it is only the next morning—Christmas Day! He decides to change his life and promises to be a b___9___ person. He happily celebrates Christmas with his relatives. He also gives gifts to people in need. He now treats everyone w___10___ kindness and warmth, spreading love and joy everywhere he goes. And that is the true spirit of Christmas! —Taken from A Christmas Carol Keys: meaning; example; written; himself; if; reminds; second; future; better; with Reading 译文参考（需要背诵） 探索美丽南京 1. 南京，中国古都之一，位于长江下游。 2. 南京历史文化底蕴深厚，长期以来一直是热门的旅游胜地。 3. 南京城周边有一座拥有600多年历史的城墙。 4. 它是世界上保存最完好、最长的城墙。 5. 中山陵国家公园对初次到访的游客来说也是个不错的选择。 6. 那里壮丽的山景和历史建筑非常值得一游。 7. 南京是著名的知识和学术中心。 8. 除了众多的大学，这座城市还以夫子庙为荣。 9. 它曾是中国古代最高的教育机构。 10. 为什么不在晚上沿附近的秦淮河乘船游览呢？ 11. 这是感受那里复古氛围的好方式。 欢迎来到洛阳 1. 在黄河之畔， 坐落着一座名城——洛阳。 2. 它是中国文化的发源地之一，曾是十三个王朝的都城。 3. 这里的龙门石窟是必游之地。 4. 它们包含2300多个洞穴并且是古代石雕艺术的杰出典范之一。 5. 洛阳也是自然爱好者的绝佳选择。 6. 自唐代以来，这座城市就因牡丹而闻名遐迩。 7. 这些可爱的花朵常常成为众多画家和诗人的创作主题。 8. 每年春天，成千上万的国内外游客都会前来观赏牡丹。 9. 一定要去白云山看看。 10. 那里如梦似幻的云海、令人惊叹的瀑布和美丽的森林是一大享受。 ( 3 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $