Unit 1 Home 基数词和序数词-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】-2025-2026学年译林版英语七年级下册

该初中英语单元复习学案以“基数词和序数词”为核心，围绕拼写规则、用法要点及核心区别设计学习目标。通过表格化梳理、典型例句对比、易错点提示的递进式任务，构建“规则理解-用法辨析-综合应用”的完整学习路径，体现知识建构的系统性。 亮点在于“语法模块+解题提升”的融合设计，通过正误对比辨析序数词the的省略、分数主谓一致等易错点，结合“完成句子中年龄表达”“阅读理解中数字信息提取”等任务，培养语言能力和思维品质。提供多样化练习及解题指导，为学生巩固基础、提升综合运用能力提供支持，也为教师单元复习教学提供清晰框架。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 1 Home（新教材译林版） （基数词和序数词） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 表格系统梳理基数词和序数词的拼写规则、用法要点及核心区别，搭配典型例句与易错点提示，助力精准掌握数词的拼写与应用。 语法模块 核心要点 具体内容 典型例句（含正误对比） 一、基数词 1. 定义 表示数量的数词，用于描述人、事物的具体数目 There are fifty students in our class.（我们班有 50 名学生。） 2. 拼写规则 ① 1-12：特殊拼写（one→twelve） ② 13-19：词尾加 -teen（thirteen→nineteen，注意 fifteen/eighteen 拼写） ③ 20-90 整十：词尾加 -ty（twenty→ninety，注意 forty 不可写为 fourty） ④ 21-99 非整十：十位与个位间加连字符（twenty-one→thirty-five） ⑤ 三位数及以上：百位与十位 / 个位间加 and（one hundred and eight→two hundred and twenty-five） ⑥ 单位用法：hundred/thousand/million/billion 前有具体数时不加 s（two thousand，不可写为 two thousands）；表泛指时加 s 且接 of（thousands of 成千上万的） ① 21：twenty-one（正确）、twenty one（错误） ② 108：one hundred and eight（正确）、one hundred eight（错误） ③ 2000：two thousand（正确）、two thousands（错误） ④ 成千上万：thousands of people（正确）、thousand of people（错误） 3. 大数读法 从右往左每三位分一组，依次读 million（百万）、thousand（千）、hundred（百），组内遵循三位数读法 6,325,047：six million, three hundred and twenty-five thousand and forty-seven（正确） 642,500：six hundred and forty-two thousand five hundred（正确） 二、序数词 1. 定义 表示顺序的数词，用于描述人、事物的先后次序 This is the third time I’ve visited Beijing.（这是我第三次去北京。） 2. 变化规则（基变序口诀） ① 一般情况：词尾加 th（four→fourth、six→sixth） ② 1/2/3 特殊记：one→first、two→second、three→third ③ 八去 t、九去 e：eight→eighth、nine→ninth（nineteen→nineteenth、ninety→ninetieth 保留 e） ④ 5 和 12 ve 变 f：five→fifth、twelve→twelfth ⑤ 整十 ty 变 tie 加 th：forty→fortieth、fifty→fiftieth ⑥ 几十几：只变个位（twenty-one→twenty-first、seventy-two→seventy-second） ① 8：eighth（正确）、eightth（错误） ② 12：twelfth（正确）、twelveth（错误） ③ 40：fortieth（正确）、fourtieth（错误） ④ 21：twenty-first（正确）、twenty-oneth（错误） 3. 核心用法 ① 表顺序：前面一般加 the（形容词性物主代词 / 名词所有格修饰时除外） ② 表分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词（分子＞1 时分母加 s），四分之一可译为 one fourth 或 a quarter ③ 表日期 / 页码：Page Ten（第十页）、on the fifth of May（5 月 5 日） ① 物主代词修饰：his fortieth birthday（他的四十岁生日，无需加 the） ② 分数：two thirds（三分之二）、one quarter（四分之一） ③ 页码：Turn to Page Twelve.（翻到第十二页。） 三、核心区别与易错点 1. 用法差异 基数词表 “数量”，序数词表 “顺序” ① 基数词：I have three books.（我有三本书。/ 表数量） ② 序数词：This is my third book.（这是我的第三本书。/ 表顺序） 2. 序数词 the 的省略 前面有形容词性物主代词（my/his/her）、名词所有格（Tom’s）时，不加 the ① 正确：her twelfth birthday（她的十二岁生日） ② 错误：her the twelfth birthday 3. 分数主谓一致 谓语动词由分数后的名词决定（可数名词复数→复数，不可数名词→单数） ① Two thirds of the land is covered with water.（三分之二的土地被水覆盖。/ 不可数名词→单数） ② Three fourths of the students are girls.（四分之三的学生是女生。/ 可数名词复数→复数） 4. 年龄表达 基数词 + years old（表年龄），序数词 + birthday（表第几个生日） ① 四十岁：forty years old（正确）、fortieth years old（错误） ② 四十岁生日：fortieth birthday（正确）、forty birthday（错误） 使用注意事项 1. 基数词连字符：21-99 非整十数必须加连字符，否则易混淆（如 thirty-five 避免误读为 thirty 和 five）。 2. 序数词拼写：注意 fifth、eighth、twelfth、fortieth 等特殊拼写，避免多写 / 漏写字母。 3. 大数单位：hundred/thousand 等前有具体数字时不加 s，表泛指时必须加 s 且接 of（如 three hundred people 而非 three hundreds people）。 4. 分数表达：分子大于 1 时，分母序数词必须加 s（如 two fifths 而非 two fifth）。 一、单项选择 1．Millie’s school is very big. There are _________students in her school. A．two thousands B．two thousand C．two thousands of D．two thousand of 【答案】B 【详解】试题分析：句意：Millie的学校很大，在她的学校有2000名学生。当thousand前面有数词时，thousand用单数形式，后不用介词of，故选B。 考点：考查数词的用法。 2．There are days this year. A．three hundreds and sixty-six B．three hundred and sixty-six C．three hundreds, sixty and six D．three hundred and sixty six 【答案】B 【详解】试题分析：句意：一年有365天。当hundred前有数词时，hundred有单数形式，英语中的百位数与十位数之间有and，故选B。 考点：考查数词的用法。 3．My mother will be ________ years old next week. I’m planning to buy a gift for her ________ birthday. A．fourty; fourtieth B．forty; fortieth C．fourty; fortieth D．forty; fourtieth 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我妈妈下星期就四十岁了。我打算为她四十岁生日买件礼物。 考查数词。forty四十；fortieth第四十；第一空是年龄的表达，结构是“基数词+years old”，所以第一空用基数词，而A和C选项拼写错误，故排除A和C选项；第二空表达的是“第……岁生日”，应用序数词表示，D选项拼写错误，故选B。 4． —This is the first time for me to hold the ________ birthday party for an old man. —I am not busy. Let me help you. A．ninth B．nineteen C．ninety D．ninetieth 【答案】D 【详解】试题分析：—这是我第一次为老人举办90岁的生日。—我不忙，让我来帮助你。根据句意此空指“第九十”，所以应用序数词ninetieth，故选D。 考点：考查数词的用法 5．The sinking accident in Korea happened _____ April 16, 2014 and ___ people lost their lives. A．in , hundreds B．on , many hundred C．on, hundreds of D．at , many hundred of 【答案】C 【详解】试题分析：on +具体的日期；表示约数用hundreds of 表示成百上千的；根据句意; 韩国发生的沉船事故发生在2014年，4月，成百上千的人们失去了生命。根据句意故选C 考点：考查介词及量词的辨析。 6．There are_______ seasons in a year． Winter is_________season． A．fourth; the fourth B．fourth; four C．four;the fourth D．four;the four 【答案】C 【详解】试题分析：句意：一年中有四个季节。冬季是第四个季节。结合语境可知前文用基数词表示个数，下文用序数词表示顺序，故选C。 考点：数词 点评：英语中数词有基数词与序数词之分,基数词表示物品的数目,编号等,序数词表示物品的顺序等,前面一般搭配定冠词the使用.但是这些数词又都有各自不同的语境的习惯用法,语意表达上有交叉,注意不能以汉语思维思考英语问题. 7．—Nanjing is really a nice place, isn’t it? —Yes, ________ visitors come here for a trip every day. A．thousands of B．thousand of C．ten thousands D．ten thousand of 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——南京真是个好地方，不是吗？——是的，每天有成千上万的游客来这里旅游。 考查数词的用法。thousand意为“千”。和具体数字连用时，不加s；前面没有具体数字，表示不确切的数量时，用“thousands of+名词复数”，意思是“成千上万的”。故选A。 8．There are ______ books in the library and most of them are in English. A．two thousand B．thousand of C．two thousands D．two thousand of 【答案】A 【详解】句意：图书馆里有两千本书，其中大部分是英文书。 考查数词。当thousand前有具体数字时，要用单数形式，且直接修饰名词时不需要加of；当表示概数时应用thousands of，thousand要用复数形式。只有A选项为正确表达。故选A。 9．The composer Mozart wrote many famous symphonies ________. A．in thirty B．in his thirty C．at his thirties D．in his thirties 【答案】D 【详解】句意：作曲家莫扎特在他三十多岁时创作了许多著名的交响曲。 考查年龄表达。表示“在某人几十岁时”，英语中常用固定结构是“in one’s + 整十数的复数形式”，in his thirties“在他三十多岁时”。故选D。 10．He enjoys collecting,. He has collected over three _____ stamps. A．hundred B．hundreds C．hundreds of D．hundred of 【答案】A 【详解】试题分析：句意：他喜欢收集，他已经收集了300多张邮票。hundred,thousand million 等和具体数字连用，不加s，是具体数字。hundred,thousand million后加s,of，表示数百，数千，数百万，是模糊数字。结合句意，故选A 考点：考查数词的用法。 11．She has visited Hong Kong_______, but she wants to be there a_____  time. A．two, three B．twice, three C．twice, third D．two, third 【答案】C 【详解】试题分析：句意：她已经过去香港两次了，她想再去哪一次。一次once ,两次twice,三次上用数词加times,a+序数词+time 表示次数，第几次，前面已经去过两次在第三次的再一次用a third time根据句意，故选C。 考点：考查副词和数词的用法。 12．My father joined the army in________when he was in________. A．1960s; twenties B．the 1960s; his twentieth C．1960; his twenties D．1960s; the twenties 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我父亲在1960年参军，那时他20多岁。 考查时间表达。in+年份表示“在某一年”；in the+数字s表示“在……年代”；in one’s+基数词复数表示“在某人几十多岁时”；第一空根据空前“in”，可知其后不直接跟1960s，排除A、D；再由第二空前in可知要用“in one’s+基数词复数”结构，其他选项均不与in搭配，排除B。故选C。 13．We held many activities to celebrate ________ anniversary of the Communist Party of China（中国共产党华诞) in 2021. A．one hundred B．the one hundred C．one hundredth D．the one hundredth 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们在2021年举行了许多活动庆祝中国共产党成立100周年。 考查序数词表顺序。one hundred“一百”，由语境可知是第一百年，在hundred后加th变成序数词，序数词词前需加定冠词the。故选D。 14．Look! The sign says the river is ________. It is too dangerous for you kids to ________. A．eight meters deep; swim B．eight-meter-deep; swim C．eight-meter-deep; swim in D．eight meters deep; swim in 【答案】D 【详解】句意：看！标志上写着这条河有八米深。你们这些孩子在里面游泳太危险了。 考查度量的表达和不及物动词的用法。eight meters deep符合“数词 + 单位 + 形容词”，直接用于be动词后作表语，eight-meter-deep是复合形容词，修饰名词，不能单独作表语，排除B、C；swim是不及物动词，跟宾语时须加介词，swim in the river“在河里游泳”。故选D。 15．Amy is ________ and she has an ________ sister. A．11 years old; 8 years old B．11-year-old; 8-year-old C．11-year-old; 8 years old D．11 years old; 8-year-old 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Amy 11岁，并且她有一个八岁的妹妹。 考查年龄表达。第一空表示“几岁”，用数字+year(s) old；第二空作定语，应用连字符，故选D。 二、完成句子 16．他通常在早晨跑步半小时。 He usually for in the morning. 【答案】 runs half an hour 【详解】跑步run；半小时half an hour。根据“usually”可知用一般现在时，主语“He”后用动词的第三人称单数形式runs。故填runs；half an hour。 17．我们镇上的人每年植树节都会种上百棵树。 People in our town plant trees on Tree Planting Day every year. 【答案】 hundreds of 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“上百颗”的表达，用hundreds of 表示。故填hundreds；of。 18．那么我能在床上再睡十分钟。 I can spend minutes in bed then. 【答案】 ten more 【详解】由汉语和所给的英语翻译可知，ten more minutes意为“再睡十分钟”，意思是在原计划基础上，还需要十分钟。故填ten；more。 19．这对老夫妻喜欢住在一楼，因为门外就有个小花园。 The old couple like to live , because there’s a garden outside. 【答案】 on the first floor 【详解】the first floor“一楼”，住在几楼用介词on表示“在”，故填on；the；first；floor。 20．My brother moves to a new flat. It has two floors. My brother moves to a new flat floors. 【答案】 with two 【详解】句意：我哥哥搬进了一套新公寓。它有两层。根据提示可知，空格处应表示“有两层”，可用with，在这里表示“拥有”或“具有”，后面接拥有的东西。故填with；two。 21．在第三个十字路口左转，你就会看到书店。 Turn left and you will see the bookshop. 【答案】 at the third crossing 【详解】对比所给中英文提示可知，设空处为“在第三个十字路口”；the third crossing“第三个十字路口”，其前应加介词at。故填at；the；third；crossing。 22．电影将于九点开始，十一点三十分结束。 The film is going to at nine and at eleven . 【答案】 begin end thirty 【详解】begin“开始”，end“结束”，根据空前的“is going to”可知，此处用动词原形；at eleven thirty“十一点三十分”。故填begin；end；thirty。 23．这个男孩非常喜欢读书，所以他的书房里有成千上万本书。   The boy loves reading very much and there are books in his study. 【答案】 thousands of 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“成千上万的”，用英文表达为thousands of；thousands of为固定短语，后接可数名词复数形式。故填thousands；of。 24．We usually have a two-month summer holiday.  (改为同义句) We usually have the summer holiday. 【答案】 two months off for 【详解】句意：我们通常有两个月的暑假。原句中“a two-month summer holiday”表示“两个月的暑假”，可以用“have+时间段+off”结构改写同义句，所以“a two-month”可以改写为“two months off”；“for”表明是在夏天期间。故填two；months；off；for。 25．You don’t need to take another umbrella. （改为同义句） You needn’t take umbrella. 【答案】 one more 【详解】句意：你不需要再带一把伞了。表示“再一个”可以用another one或one more表示。故填one；more。 26．数以千计的人来参观这个著名的博物馆。 people come to visit the famous museum. 【答案】 Thousands of 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“数以千计的”，thousands of“数以千计的”；thousand不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数时，要加复数词尾-s，并且后接介词 of，然后才能接名词；句首首字母需大写。故填Thousands of。 27．在那场血腥的内战中，几十万的美国人失去了他们的生命。 In the bloody civil war,    Americans lost their lives. 【答案】 several hundred thousand 【详解】几十万：several hundred thousand。故填several；hundred；thousand。 28．Sandy lives on the twelfth floor. Andrew lives on the sixteenth floor. (改为同义句) Andrew lives floors Sandy. 【答案】 four above 【详解】句意：桑迪住在十二楼。安德鲁住在十六楼。根据两句对比可知，原句的同义句为：安德鲁住在桑迪楼上四层；four“四”，修饰名词floors；above“在……上面”。故填four；above。 29．张桂梅校长是成千上万年轻人的楷模。 Headmaster Zhang Guimei is a for young people. 【答案】 role model thousands of 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，role model“楷模”，a修饰单数名词；thousands of“成千上万的”。故填role model；thousands of。 30．我们都是七年级一班的学生。 We are all students in . 【答案】 Class 1/One Grade 7/Seven 【详解】表示班级，先说班级再说年级；Class 1/One  Grade 7/Seven表示7年级1班；注意大写。根据汉语提示，故填Class; 1/One；Grade；7/Seven。 三、阅读理解 A Zhu Yuanzhang’s portrait (肖像) has made the news. In history textbooks, a kingly image has taken the place of the “shoehorn-faced (鞋拔子脸的)” one most people are familiar with. The topic started to trend a few days ago, though the change has been happening for years. Some say on the internet that it has refreshed their childhood memories. Zhu Yuanzhang was the first emperor of the Ming dynasty. Born into a poor family of farmers, he lost his parents at an early age. With no other choice, he became a monk (僧侣) and lived a hard life for years. At 25, he joined the army, and from there he worked his way up to founding (建立) his dynasty. He was emperor for thirty years and brought great change to China. What on earth did Zhu Yuanzhang look like? No one actually knows. Experts say different portraits of him have been passed down. They can be divided into two types: the handsome type and the unusual one. People can only take a guess at the reason for the difference. Even so, experts believe the kingly portraits are far more trustworthy (可信的) than the “shoehorn-faced” ones. They follow the rules of early-Ming portraits, and the looks share features of Zhu Yuanzhang’s children and grandchildren. Perhaps it’s time we give his image due recognition (应有的认可). 1. What has changed about Zhu Yuanzhang’s image in history textbooks? A．A “shoehorn-faced” image took the place of a kingly one. B．A kingly image took the place of a “shoehorn-faced” one. C．His image became more famous on the internet. D．His image was taken out of textbooks. 2. Why did Zhu Yuanzhang become a monk when he was young? A．Because he liked being a monk. B．Because his parents wanted him to be a monk. C．Because he had no other choice after losing his parents. D．Because he wanted to live a hard life. 3. What does the phrase “passed down” probably mean in Chinese? A．拿走 B．传承 C．消失 D．创造 4. What can we learn from the passage? A．Everyone knows what Zhu Yuanzhang really looked like. B．Zhu Yuanzhang lived a rich life when he was young. C．The kingly portraits of Zhu Yuanzhang share features of his family. D．The change of Zhu Yuanzhang’s image just happened a few days ago. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 【导语】本文介绍了朱元璋的生平经历，以及不同版本肖像的传承与可信度分析。 1. 细节理解题。根据“In history textbooks, a kingly image has taken the place of the ‘shoehorn-faced (鞋拔子脸的)’ one most people are familiar with.”可知，历史课本中，王者形象取代了多数人熟悉的“鞋拔子脸”形象。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据“he lost his parents at an early age. With no other choice, he became a monk (僧侣) and lived a hard life for years”可知，朱元璋早年失去父母后别无选择，因此成为了僧侣。故选C。 3. 词句猜测题。根据“different portraits of him have been passed down”以及“They can be divided into two types: the handsome type and the unusual one.”可知，是朱元璋的不同肖像被“传承”下来，“passed down”对应中文“传承”。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据“the looks share features of Zhu Yuanzhang’s children and grandchildren”可知，王者形象的肖像与他的子孙有共同特征，故C项正确。故选C。 B April Fool’s Day is a celebration that takes place in different countries around the world. It is on April 1st every year and is a day when many people play tricks (把戏) and jokes on each other. One April Fool’s Day, a reporter in England said that there would be no more spaghetti because the farmers in Italy had stopped growing it. Many people ran to supermarkets to buy as much spaghetti as they could. By the time people knew that the story was a trick, all of the spaghetti all over the country had been sold out. In another trick a TV show in England reported there was special water. They said this water would help people lose weight (减肥). By the end of the day, more than 10,000 people had called the TV station to find out how to get this water. Many April Fool’s jokes may end up being not very funny. A famous TV star once invited his girlfriend onto his show on April Fool’s Day. He asked her to marry (嫁) him. The lady was happy. However, when she said yes, he said, “April Fool!” ▲ . The TV star lost his girlfriend and his show was stopped. One of the world’s most famous tricks, however, happened in October, not in April. In that month in 1938, actor Welles said on his radio program that aliens (外星人) from Mars had landed on the earth. He also said they were moving all over the USA． Welles made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story, and people all over the country felt afraid. By the time the police announced that the story was a trick, thousands of people had left their homes. 1. How does the writer tell stories about the April Fool’s Day? A．By asking questions. B．By giving examples. C．By drawing pictures. D．By giving suggestions. 2. According to the passage, why did people want to get the special water? A．Because people wanted to play the trick. B．Because people wanted to become thinner. C．Because the TV show asked people to buy the water. D．Because people wanted to use the water to make spaghetti. 3. Which sentence is the most suitable to go to ▲ ? A．That little joke didn’t matter. B．That little joke made him famous. C．That little joke made everyone laugh. D．That little joke didn’t have a happy ending. 4. What can you infer (推断) from the passage? A．All the tricks and jokes can make people happy. B．April Fool’s Day has a history of hundreds of years. C．On April 1st, people can make any joke or play any trick. D．On April 1st, people should be more careful with tricks. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了愚人节的时间、特点，并通过多个具体例子讲述了愚人节的玩笑事件，同时提到部分玩笑可能带来不好的结果。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章内容，作者依次列举了“英国记者编造意大利面停产的玩笑”、“电视节目宣传减肥水的玩笑”、“电视明星求婚的玩笑”以及“Welles 编造外星人登陆的玩笑”等事例来讲述愚人节相关故事，因此是通过举例的方式。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据“They said this water would help people lose weight (减肥). By the end of the day, more than 10,000 people had called the TV station to find out how to get this water.”可知，人们想要这种特殊的水是因为它能帮助减肥，即人们想变瘦。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据 “The TV star lost his girlfriend and his show was stopped.”可知，这个玩笑导致了不好的结果，因此对应的句子应是“这个小玩笑没有一个好结局”。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。结合文中部分玩笑造成的负面后果（失去女友、节目停播等）可推断出，愚人节的玩笑并不总是让人开心，玩笑要适度谨慎，D项符合。故选D。 C Did you feel a small cut on your finger when turning the pages of your textbook before? A study shows that some kinds of paper are more dangerous than others. Three scientists from Denmark found that 65-micrometer-thick (65微米厚的) paper is most likely (可能的) to cut our skin. They got the Physics Prize (物理奖) for this finding at the 2024 Pineapple Science Award in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, on Nov 23. The scientists tested (测试) paper with different thicknesses—from 30 to 220 micrometers. They did the tests on man-made fingers made from ballistic gel (弹道凝胶). This material feels a lot like our skin. For thin paper, the scientists found it couldn’t cut the fingers—it just bent (弯曲). And for thicker paper, it leaves a mark on the fingers but it still can’t cut the skin. When they tried the 65-micrometer-thick paper, the scientists found it cut the fingers the most, about once out of five times. With their findings, they also made a new paper knife, the Papermachete—it can cut through apples and chicken! 1. What thickness of paper is most likely to cut our fingers? A．30 micrometers. B．65 micrometers. C．100 micrometers. D．220 micrometers. 2. Where do the scientists do their tests? A．On real fingers. B．On animal skin C．On man-made fingers. D．On scientists’ skin. 3. What happens when the scientists test thin paper on the fingers? A．It cuts the fingers. B．It bends. C．It leaves marks. D．It cuts the skin. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A．The use of ballistic gel in scientific study. B．The scientists in Denmark make a new paper knife. C．The importance of choosing the right paper thickness for textbooks. D．The finding is about which paper thickness is most likely to cut our skin. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文主要介绍了一项由丹麦科学家进行的关于纸张切割手指的有趣研究。科学家们通过实验发现，厚度为65微米的纸张最容易划破皮肤，并因此获得了2024年菠萝科学奖物理奖。 1. 细节理解题。根据“Three scientists from Denmark find that 65-micrometer-thick (65微米厚的) paper is most likely (可能的) to cut our skin.”可知，65微米厚的纸最有可能割伤我们的手指。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据“They do the tests on man-made fingers made from ballistic gel (弹道凝胶).”可知，科学家们是在人造手指上进行测试的。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据“For thin paper, the scientists find it can’t cut the fingers—it just bends (弯曲).”可知，当测试薄纸时，它仅仅是弯曲了，并没有割伤手指。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。根据“They get the Physics Prize (物理奖) for this finding…on Nov 23.”以及全文内容可知，文章主要报道了科学家们的一项发现：关于哪种厚度的纸最容易割伤我们的皮肤。故选D。 四、语法填空 Passage 1 Dogs are man’s best friends. They are loyal and smart. Some pet dogs just play 1 their owners. 2 (Other) help people work. So how many kinds of dogs are there? Search 3 rescue (营救) dogs are common in the army. They are 4 (well) at finding lost people after a big disaster (灾难) or in the wild. For example, on Sept 11, 2001, terrorist attack (恐怖袭击) 5 (happen) in the US. 6 (hundred) of dogs helped to find and save people. Guide dogs are good helpers for blind people. They help the blind walk 7 (safe). These dogs usually wear a chain. They also know some words. Dogs work with doctors to help sick children. These dogs make the wear a chain. They also know some words. Dogs work with doctors to help sick children. These dogs make the children feel safe and 8 (relax). Herding dogs are important to people with sheep. They keep these animals safe. They are common in Australia and New Zealand. Do you know how to be safe around dogs? Here are some 9 (use) tips for you: Stay away from a dog that is eating. Never pat (轻拍) a dog that is eating. The dog may bite you because it might think you want to take its food away. Never kiss a dog’s face or put your face close to their faces. Always keep your face away from a dog’s teeth. Even if the dog doesn’t mean to bite you, you may hurt 10 (you) accidentally (意外地) by doing so. 【答案】 1. with 2. Others 3. and 4. good 5. happened 6. Hundreds 7. safely 8. relaxed 9. useful 10. yourself 【导语】本文介绍了狗是人类忠诚聪明的伙伴，介绍了搜救犬、导盲犬等狗的种类，并给出了与狗相处时保障安全的建议。 1. 句意：有些宠物狗只是和它们的主人一起玩。固定搭配“play with” 表示“和……玩耍”，此处指宠物狗陪伴主人玩耍。故填with。 2. 句意：其他狗帮助人们工作。前文提到“some pet dogs”，此处“others”对应，表示“另一些狗”，首字母需大写。故填Others。 3. 句意：搜救犬在军队中很常见。固定短语“search and rescue dogs”意为“搜救犬”，连接两个并列动作。故填and。 4. 句意：它们善于在大灾难后或野外寻找走失的人。根据“They are…at finding”可知，此处考查固定搭配be good at“擅长”，后接动名词“finding”。故填good。 5. 句意：例如，2001年9月11日，恐怖袭击发生在美国。根据“For example, on Sept 11, 2001”可知，该句是一般过去时，动词变为“happened”。故填happened。 6. 句意：数百只狗帮助寻找和拯救人们。固定表达“hundreds of”表示“成百上千的”，首字母需大写。故填Hundreds。 7. 句意：它们帮助盲人安全地行走。修饰动词“walk”需用副词“safely”，意为“安全地行走”。故填safely。 8. 句意：这些狗让孩子们感到安全和放松。根据“These dogs make the children feel safe and”可知，此处与“safe”并列，需形容词relaxed“感到放松的”，修饰人。故填relaxed。 9. 句意：以下是一些有用的建议：此处用形容词useful修饰名词“tips”，“useful tips”意为“有用的建议”。故填useful。 10. 句意：即使狗不是故意要咬你，你也可能不小心伤害到自己。根据“you may hurt”可知此处指的伤到你自己，反身代词“yourself”与主语“you”对应，表示“意外伤害自己”。故填yourself。 Passage 2 请认真阅读下面短文，在设空处填入恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Antarctica (南极洲) is the most 1 (south) part of land on the earth and is mostly covered 2 ice. People have never wanted to live there because of its coldest temperature. But now, 3 (learn) more about the earth’s history, scientists from all over the world come to study the ice. Some scientists live on Antarctica for part of the year, but they don’t usually stay there for more than six months because there are six months of light and six months of darkness. Antarctica usually has a good deal of fine weather without any wind at all. The strong winds are 4 (usual) only in some parts of it. It is also 5 (interest) to learn that it isn’t very wet there. There is very little snow 6 rain. It snows on the ice in winter, but at other times Antarctica is dry, just like the Sahara Desert. In winter, the sea around Antarctica freezes (结冰) for 7 (thousand) of kilometers. But scientists tell us that the earth is 8 (get) warmer. So in the future, there may be less ice in the Antarctic Sea. When that 9 (happen), our weather will never be the same again. So we need to protect 10 earth so that such changes don’t come too quickly. 【答案】 1. southern 2. with 3. to learn 4. unusual 5. interesting 6. or 7. thousands 8. getting 9. happens 10. the 【导语】本文描述了南极独特的自然环境，强调了该地区对科学研究的重要性，并警示人类活动导致的气候变化可能带来的全球性影响。 1. 句意：南极洲是地球上最南端的陆地部分，大部分被冰覆盖。根据“the most”及“part”可知，此处需用形容词最高级修饰名词，south的形容词形式为southern，the most southern表示“最南端的”。故填southern。 2. 句意：南极洲是地球上最南端的陆地部分，大部分被冰覆盖。根据“is mostly covered... ice”可知，此处考查固定短语be covered with“被……覆盖”。故填with。 3. 句意：但是现在，为了更多地了解地球的历史，来自世界各地的科学家们来研究冰。根据“scientists from all over the world come to study the ice”可知，learn more about the earth’s history是科学家们来研究冰的目的，作目的状语要用动词不定式。故填to learn。 4. 句意：强风通常只在它的一些地区出现。根据“Antarctica usually has a good deal of fine weather without any wind at all”可知，南极洲通常天气很好且根本没有风，所以强风是不常见的，usual的反义词unusual“不寻常的，不常见的”，在句中作表语。故填unusual。 5. 句意：了解到那里不是很潮湿也很有趣。根据“it isn’t very wet there”可知，此处考查固定句型It is + 形容词 + to do sth.，“做某事是……的”，这里描述的是了解到那里不是很潮湿这件事很有趣，用interesting，interesting修饰事物，interested修饰人。故填interesting。 6. 句意：那里很少有雪或雨。根据“There is very little snow... rain”可知，snow和rain是并列关系，且句子是否定句，否定句中连接并列成分用or，and用于肯定句中连接并列成分。故填or。 7. 句意：冬天，南极洲周围的海洋会结冰数千公里。根据“kilometers”及“of ”可知，此处考查固定短语thousands of“数千的，成千上万的”。故填thousands。 8. 句意：但是科学家们告诉我们地球正在变暖。根据“is”及“warmer”可知，此处表示地球正在变暖，用现在进行时，其结构为be + 动词的现在分词，get的现在分词是getting。故填getting。 9. 句意：当那种情况发生时，我们的天气将再也不会和以前一样了。根据“in the future, there may be less ice in the Antarctic Sea”可知，此处是when引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，主语that是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词happen要用第三人称单数形式happens。故填happens。 10. 句意：所以我们需要保护地球，以便这样的变化不会来得太快。根据“earth”可知，世界上独一无二的事物前要用定冠词the，the earth表示“地球”。故填the。 Passage 3 阅读短文，在空格处填入一个适当的单词或括号中单词的正确形式。 In the north of Jiangsu Province, there is a sea of flowers blooming (盛开) in the water. Every spring, this wonderful sea of flowers will attract lots of 1 (visit). 5,000 years ago, this place was 2 beach. 3,000 years ago, the coastline (海岸线) moved eastward, and then Xinghua area appeared 1, 000 years ago, to prevent 3 (flood), people in Xinghua made a network of deep ditches (深沟) or streams. They put up the soil on one side and built fields 4 farming. These fields are square or round, wide or narrow, high or low. They have different 5 (shape) and sizes. Big ones can be one kilometre wide, while the smaller ones just a few metres. The fields are not next to each other, and look 6 small islands on the ocean. Because of the local 7 (nature) conditions, people in Xinghua changed low-lying wetlands into fields. The land there is 8 (suit) for growing corn and vegetables. Today, the special landform of the Xinghua Fields is an important agricultural heritage (农业文化遗产). When rape flowers (油菜花) are in full bloom, 9 (hundred) of people travel between the fields in small boats. The boats move on the water and people travel among the flowers. What travellers are 10 (see) over there is a great example of Chinese wisdom. 【答案】 1. visitors 2. a 3. floods 4. for 5. shapes 6. like 7. natural 8. suitable 9. hundreds 10. seeing 【导语】本文介绍了江苏兴化垛田的形成。 1. 句意：每年春天，这片美丽的花海都会吸引大量游客。根据“attract lots of”可知，吸引的是游客，应用名词visitor，lots of修饰复数名词。故填visitors。 2. 句意：5000年前，这里是一片海滩。此处表示泛指“一片海滩”，且beach以辅音音素开头。故填a。 3. 句意：1000年前，为了防止洪水，兴化人民修建了深沟网络。flood“洪水”，常用复数形式。故填floods。 4. 句意：他们把泥土堆在一边，建造了用于耕作的田地。根据空处前后可知，此处表示目的，这样做是为了耕作，应用介词for。故填for。 5. 句意：它们有不同的形状和大小。different修饰名词shape的复数形式。故填shapes。 6. 句意：这些田地彼此不相连，看起来像海洋上的小岛。根据“small islands on the ocean.”可知，田地看起来像海洋上的小岛，应用短语look like。故填like。 7. 句意：由于当地的自然条件，兴化人民将低洼湿地改造成田地。修饰名词conditions需要形容词形式natural。故填natural。 8. 句意：那里的土地适合种植玉米和蔬菜。be动词后接形容词suitable作表语。故填suitable。 9. 句意：当油菜花盛开时，数百人乘小船在田间穿行。表示概数“数百”，需用hundreds of结构。故填hundreds。 10. 句意：旅行者在那里看到的是中国智慧的一个伟大范例。此处是现在进行时，see需要用现在分词形式。故填seeing。 Passage 4 The Chinese character (汉字) Fu is special in Spring Festival celebrations. It shows people’s best wishes 1 good luck and happiness. The tradition of putting up the character Fu on walls and windows 2 (have) a long history. People can put up the character Fu either right-side up or upside down (颠倒), because in Chinese, the “upside-down Fu” and “Fu arrives” 3 (sound) similar. Both of them are “Fu dao le”. There is a story about the “upside-down Fu”. Zhu Yuanzhang, the 4 (one) emperor (皇帝) of the Ming Dynasty, used “Fu” as a sign to kill (杀死) a family. To save the family, Empress (皇后) Ma asked all the families to put up “Fu” on 5 (they) front doors. One family put it upside down because they couldn’t read or write. The emperor was angry but Empress Ma said it meant “Fu arrives”. After 6 (hear) this, Zhu Yuanzhang was happy and let the family go. After that, more and more people started to put up the “Fu” character upside down when the Spring Festival comes. When people put up the “Fu” character, they always do it 7 (careful). They believe by doing this, good luck will come to their homes. It makes the Spring Festival more lively and 8 (colour). As the red “Fu” characters carry people’s best 9 (wish), children also like to look at the upside-down “Fu” and listen to the story. Are you excited about the coming Spring Festival? Maybe you can also try to put up 10 upside-down “Fu” by yourself. 【答案】 1. for 2. has 3. sound 4. first 5. their 6. hearing 7. carefully 8. colourful 9. wishes 10. an 【导语】本文讲述了与春节期间贴“福”字这一传统习俗相关的内容。 1. 句意：它表达了人们对好运和幸福的美好祝愿。根据“shows people’s best wishes...good luck and happiness”可知，此处使用介词for，表示“对……的祝愿”，故填for。 2. 句意：在墙上和窗户上贴福字的传统有着悠久的历史。根据“The tradition of putting up the character Fu on walls and windows...a long history.”可知，本句描述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，故填has。 3. 句意：人们可以把福字正着贴或者倒着贴，因为在中文里，“倒贴福字”和“福到了”听起来很像。根据“the ‘upside-down Fu’ and ‘Fu arrives’...similar”可知，本句描述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词使用动词原形，故填sound。 4. 句意：明朝开国皇帝朱元璋曾用“福”字作为杀一家的标志。根据“the...emperor (皇帝) of the Ming Dynasty”可知，此处指明朝第一个皇帝，使用序数词first，表示“第一”，故填first。 5. 句意：为了救这家人，马皇后让所有家庭都在自家前门上贴上“福”字。根据“on...front doors”可知，此处使用形容词性物主代词their，修饰名词front doors，故填their。 6. 句意：听到这话后，朱元璋很高兴，便放了那家人。根据“After...(hear) this”可知，after是介词，后接动名词，故填hearing。 7. 句意：当人们贴福字时，他们总是很小心。根据“they always do it...(careful)”可知，此处使用副词carefully，修饰动词do，故填carefully。 8. 句意：它使春节更加热闹多彩。根据“lively and...(colour)”可知，此处使用形容词colourful，与lively并列，故填colourful。 9. 句意：随着红色“福”字承载着人们的美好祝愿，孩子们也喜欢看倒贴的“福”字，听故事。根据“carry people’s best...(wish)”可知，wish“祝愿”，可数名词，此处使用复数形式，表示泛指，故填wishes。 10. 句意：也许你也可以试着自己贴一个倒贴的“福”字。根据“put up...upside-down “Fu””可知，此处指贴一个倒贴的“福”字，使用不定冠词表示泛指，upside-down以元音音素开头，使用不定冠词an，故填an。 19 / 19乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 1 Home（新教材译林版） （基数词和序数词） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 表格系统梳理基数词和序数词的拼写规则、用法要点及核心区别，搭配典型例句与易错点提示，助力精准掌握数词的拼写与应用。 语法模块 核心要点 具体内容 典型例句（含正误对比） 一、基数词 1. 定义 表示数量的数词，用于描述人、事物的具体数目 There are fifty students in our class.（我们班有 50 名学生。） 2. 拼写规则 ① 1-12：特殊拼写（one→twelve） ② 13-19：词尾加 -teen（thirteen→nineteen，注意 fifteen/eighteen 拼写） ③ 20-90 整十：词尾加 -ty（twenty→ninety，注意 forty 不可写为 fourty） ④ 21-99 非整十：十位与个位间加连字符（twenty-one→thirty-five） ⑤ 三位数及以上：百位与十位 / 个位间加 and（one hundred and eight→two hundred and twenty-five） ⑥ 单位用法：hundred/thousand/million/billion 前有具体数时不加 s（two thousand，不可写为 two thousands）；表泛指时加 s 且接 of（thousands of 成千上万的） ① 21：twenty-one（正确）、twenty one（错误） ② 108：one hundred and eight（正确）、one hundred eight（错误） ③ 2000：two thousand（正确）、two thousands（错误） ④ 成千上万：thousands of people（正确）、thousand of people（错误） 3. 大数读法 从右往左每三位分一组，依次读 million（百万）、thousand（千）、hundred（百），组内遵循三位数读法 6,325,047：six million, three hundred and twenty-five thousand and forty-seven（正确） 642,500：six hundred and forty-two thousand five hundred（正确） 二、序数词 1. 定义 表示顺序的数词，用于描述人、事物的先后次序 This is the third time I’ve visited Beijing.（这是我第三次去北京。） 2. 变化规则（基变序口诀） ① 一般情况：词尾加 th（four→fourth、six→sixth） ② 1/2/3 特殊记：one→first、two→second、three→third ③ 八去 t、九去 e：eight→eighth、nine→ninth（nineteen→nineteenth、ninety→ninetieth 保留 e） ④ 5 和 12 ve 变 f：five→fifth、twelve→twelfth ⑤ 整十 ty 变 tie 加 th：forty→fortieth、fifty→fiftieth ⑥ 几十几：只变个位（twenty-one→twenty-first、seventy-two→seventy-second） ① 8：eighth（正确）、eightth（错误） ② 12：twelfth（正确）、twelveth（错误） ③ 40：fortieth（正确）、fourtieth（错误） ④ 21：twenty-first（正确）、twenty-oneth（错误） 3. 核心用法 ① 表顺序：前面一般加 the（形容词性物主代词 / 名词所有格修饰时除外） ② 表分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词（分子＞1 时分母加 s），四分之一可译为 one fourth 或 a quarter ③ 表日期 / 页码：Page Ten（第十页）、on the fifth of May（5 月 5 日） ① 物主代词修饰：his fortieth birthday（他的四十岁生日，无需加 the） ② 分数：two thirds（三分之二）、one quarter（四分之一） ③ 页码：Turn to Page Twelve.（翻到第十二页。） 三、核心区别与易错点 1. 用法差异 基数词表 “数量”，序数词表 “顺序” ① 基数词：I have three books.（我有三本书。/ 表数量） ② 序数词：This is my third book.（这是我的第三本书。/ 表顺序） 2. 序数词 the 的省略 前面有形容词性物主代词（my/his/her）、名词所有格（Tom’s）时，不加 the ① 正确：her twelfth birthday（她的十二岁生日） ② 错误：her the twelfth birthday 3. 分数主谓一致 谓语动词由分数后的名词决定（可数名词复数→复数，不可数名词→单数） ① Two thirds of the land is covered with water.（三分之二的土地被水覆盖。/ 不可数名词→单数） ② Three fourths of the students are girls.（四分之三的学生是女生。/ 可数名词复数→复数） 4. 年龄表达 基数词 + years old（表年龄），序数词 + birthday（表第几个生日） ① 四十岁：forty years old（正确）、fortieth years old（错误） ② 四十岁生日：fortieth birthday（正确）、forty birthday（错误） 使用注意事项 1. 基数词连字符：21-99 非整十数必须加连字符，否则易混淆（如 thirty-five 避免误读为 thirty 和 five）。 2. 序数词拼写：注意 fifth、eighth、twelfth、fortieth 等特殊拼写，避免多写 / 漏写字母。 3. 大数单位：hundred/thousand 等前有具体数字时不加 s，表泛指时必须加 s 且接 of（如 three hundred people 而非 three hundreds people）。 4. 分数表达：分子大于 1 时，分母序数词必须加 s（如 two fifths 而非 two fifth）。 一、单项选择 1．Millie’s school is very big. There are _________students in her school. A．two thousands B．two thousand C．two thousands of D．two thousand of 2．There are days this year. A．three hundreds and sixty-six B．three hundred and sixty-six C．three hundreds, sixty and six D．three hundred and sixty six 3．My mother will be ________ years old next week. I’m planning to buy a gift for her ________ birthday. A．fourty; fourtieth B．forty; fortieth C．fourty; fortieth D．forty; fourtieth 4． —This is the first time for me to hold the ________ birthday party for an old man. —I am not busy. Let me help you. A．ninth B．nineteen C．ninety D．ninetieth 5．The sinking accident in Korea happened _____ April 16, 2014 and ___ people lost their lives. A．in , hundreds B．on , many hundred C．on, hundreds of D．at , many hundred of 6．There are_______ seasons in a year． Winter is_________season． A．fourth; the fourth B．fourth; four C．four;the fourth D．four;the four 7．—Nanjing is really a nice place, isn’t it? —Yes, ________ visitors come here for a trip every day. A．thousands of B．thousand of C．ten thousands D．ten thousand of 8．There are ______ books in the library and most of them are in English. A．two thousand B．thousand of C．two thousands D．two thousand of 9．The composer Mozart wrote many famous symphonies ________. A．in thirty B．in his thirty C．at his thirties D．in his thirties 10．He enjoys collecting,. He has collected over three _____ stamps. A．hundred B．hundreds C．hundreds of D．hundred of 11．She has visited Hong Kong_______, but she wants to be there a_____  time. A．two, three B．twice, three C．twice, third D．two, third 12．My father joined the army in________when he was in________. A．1960s; twenties B．the 1960s; his twentieth C．1960; his twenties D．1960s; the twenties 13．We held many activities to celebrate ________ anniversary of the Communist Party of China（中国共产党华诞) in 2021. A．one hundred B．the one hundred C．one hundredth D．the one hundredth 14．Look! The sign says the river is ________. It is too dangerous for you kids to ________. A．eight meters deep; swim B．eight-meter-deep; swim C．eight-meter-deep; swim in D．eight meters deep; swim in 15．Amy is ________ and she has an ________ sister. A．11 years old; 8 years old B．11-year-old; 8-year-old C．11-year-old; 8 years old D．11 years old; 8-year-old 二、完成句子 16．他通常在早晨跑步半小时。 He usually for in the morning. 17．我们镇上的人每年植树节都会种上百棵树。 People in our town plant trees on Tree Planting Day every year. 18．那么我能在床上再睡十分钟。 I can spend minutes in bed then. 19．这对老夫妻喜欢住在一楼，因为门外就有个小花园。 The old couple like to live , because there’s a garden outside. 20．My brother moves to a new flat. It has two floors. My brother moves to a new flat floors. 21．在第三个十字路口左转，你就会看到书店。 Turn left and you will see the bookshop. 22．电影将于九点开始，十一点三十分结束。 The film is going to at nine and at eleven . 23．这个男孩非常喜欢读书，所以他的书房里有成千上万本书。   The boy loves reading very much and there are books in his study. 24．We usually have a two-month summer holiday.  (改为同义句) We usually have the summer holiday. 25．You don’t need to take another umbrella. （改为同义句） You needn’t take umbrella. 26．数以千计的人来参观这个著名的博物馆。 people come to visit the famous museum. 27．在那场血腥的内战中，几十万的美国人失去了他们的生命。 In the bloody civil war,    Americans lost their lives. 28．Sandy lives on the twelfth floor. Andrew lives on the sixteenth floor. (改为同义句) Andrew lives floors Sandy. 29．张桂梅校长是成千上万年轻人的楷模。 Headmaster Zhang Guimei is a for young people. 30．我们都是七年级一班的学生。 We are all students in . 三、阅读理解 A Zhu Yuanzhang’s portrait (肖像) has made the news. In history textbooks, a kingly image has taken the place of the “shoehorn-faced (鞋拔子脸的)” one most people are familiar with. The topic started to trend a few days ago, though the change has been happening for years. Some say on the internet that it has refreshed their childhood memories. Zhu Yuanzhang was the first emperor of the Ming dynasty. Born into a poor family of farmers, he lost his parents at an early age. With no other choice, he became a monk (僧侣) and lived a hard life for years. At 25, he joined the army, and from there he worked his way up to founding (建立) his dynasty. He was emperor for thirty years and brought great change to China. What on earth did Zhu Yuanzhang look like? No one actually knows. Experts say different portraits of him have been passed down. They can be divided into two types: the handsome type and the unusual one. People can only take a guess at the reason for the difference. Even so, experts believe the kingly portraits are far more trustworthy (可信的) than the “shoehorn-faced” ones. They follow the rules of early-Ming portraits, and the looks share features of Zhu Yuanzhang’s children and grandchildren. Perhaps it’s time we give his image due recognition (应有的认可). 1. What has changed about Zhu Yuanzhang’s image in history textbooks? A．A “shoehorn-faced” image took the place of a kingly one. B．A kingly image took the place of a “shoehorn-faced” one. C．His image became more famous on the internet. D．His image was taken out of textbooks. 2. Why did Zhu Yuanzhang become a monk when he was young? A．Because he liked being a monk. B．Because his parents wanted him to be a monk. C．Because he had no other choice after losing his parents. D．Because he wanted to live a hard life. 3. What does the phrase “passed down” probably mean in Chinese? A．拿走 B．传承 C．消失 D．创造 4. What can we learn from the passage? A．Everyone knows what Zhu Yuanzhang really looked like. B．Zhu Yuanzhang lived a rich life when he was young. C．The kingly portraits of Zhu Yuanzhang share features of his family. D．The change of Zhu Yuanzhang’s image just happened a few days ago. B April Fool’s Day is a celebration that takes place in different countries around the world. It is on April 1st every year and is a day when many people play tricks (把戏) and jokes on each other. One April Fool’s Day, a reporter in England said that there would be no more spaghetti because the farmers in Italy had stopped growing it. Many people ran to supermarkets to buy as much spaghetti as they could. By the time people knew that the story was a trick, all of the spaghetti all over the country had been sold out. In another trick a TV show in England reported there was special water. They said this water would help people lose weight (减肥). By the end of the day, more than 10,000 people had called the TV station to find out how to get this water. Many April Fool’s jokes may end up being not very funny. A famous TV star once invited his girlfriend onto his show on April Fool’s Day. He asked her to marry (嫁) him. The lady was happy. However, when she said yes, he said, “April Fool!” ▲ . The TV star lost his girlfriend and his show was stopped. One of the world’s most famous tricks, however, happened in October, not in April. In that month in 1938, actor Welles said on his radio program that aliens (外星人) from Mars had landed on the earth. He also said they were moving all over the USA． Welles made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story, and people all over the country felt afraid. By the time the police announced that the story was a trick, thousands of people had left their homes. 1. How does the writer tell stories about the April Fool’s Day? A．By asking questions. B．By giving examples. C．By drawing pictures. D．By giving suggestions. 2. According to the passage, why did people want to get the special water? A．Because people wanted to play the trick. B．Because people wanted to become thinner. C．Because the TV show asked people to buy the water. D．Because people wanted to use the water to make spaghetti. 3. Which sentence is the most suitable to go to ▲ ? A．That little joke didn’t matter. B．That little joke made him famous. C．That little joke made everyone laugh. D．That little joke didn’t have a happy ending. 4. What can you infer (推断) from the passage? A．All the tricks and jokes can make people happy. B．April Fool’s Day has a history of hundreds of years. C．On April 1st, people can make any joke or play any trick. D．On April 1st, people should be more careful with tricks. C Did you feel a small cut on your finger when turning the pages of your textbook before? A study shows that some kinds of paper are more dangerous than others. Three scientists from Denmark found that 65-micrometer-thick (65微米厚的) paper is most likely (可能的) to cut our skin. They got the Physics Prize (物理奖) for this finding at the 2024 Pineapple Science Award in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, on Nov 23. The scientists tested (测试) paper with different thicknesses—from 30 to 220 micrometers. They did the tests on man-made fingers made from ballistic gel (弹道凝胶). This material feels a lot like our skin. For thin paper, the scientists found it couldn’t cut the fingers—it just bent (弯曲). And for thicker paper, it leaves a mark on the fingers but it still can’t cut the skin. When they tried the 65-micrometer-thick paper, the scientists found it cut the fingers the most, about once out of five times. With their findings, they also made a new paper knife, the Papermachete—it can cut through apples and chicken! 1. What thickness of paper is most likely to cut our fingers? A．30 micrometers. B．65 micrometers. C．100 micrometers. D．220 micrometers. 2. Where do the scientists do their tests? A．On real fingers. B．On animal skin C．On man-made fingers. D．On scientists’ skin. 3. What happens when the scientists test thin paper on the fingers? A．It cuts the fingers. B．It bends. C．It leaves marks. D．It cuts the skin. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A．The use of ballistic gel in scientific study. B．The scientists in Denmark make a new paper knife. C．The importance of choosing the right paper thickness for textbooks. D．The finding is about which paper thickness is most likely to cut our skin. 四、语法填空 Passage 1 Dogs are man’s best friends. They are loyal and smart. Some pet dogs just play 1 their owners. 2 (Other) help people work. So how many kinds of dogs are there? Search 3 rescue (营救) dogs are common in the army. They are 4 (well) at finding lost people after a big disaster (灾难) or in the wild. For example, on Sept 11, 2001, terrorist attack (恐怖袭击) 5 (happen) in the US. 6 (hundred) of dogs helped to find and save people. Guide dogs are good helpers for blind people. They help the blind walk 7 (safe). These dogs usually wear a chain. They also know some words. Dogs work with doctors to help sick children. These dogs make the wear a chain. They also know some words. Dogs work with doctors to help sick children. These dogs make the children feel safe and 8 (relax). Herding dogs are important to people with sheep. They keep these animals safe. They are common in Australia and New Zealand. Do you know how to be safe around dogs? Here are some 9 (use) tips for you: Stay away from a dog that is eating. Never pat (轻拍) a dog that is eating. The dog may bite you because it might think you want to take its food away. Never kiss a dog’s face or put your face close to their faces. Always keep your face away from a dog’s teeth. Even if the dog doesn’t mean to bite you, you may hurt 10 (you) accidentally (意外地) by doing so. Passage 2 请认真阅读下面短文，在设空处填入恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Antarctica (南极洲) is the most 1 (south) part of land on the earth and is mostly covered 2 ice. People have never wanted to live there because of its coldest temperature. But now, 3 (learn) more about the earth’s history, scientists from all over the world come to study the ice. Some scientists live on Antarctica for part of the year, but they don’t usually stay there for more than six months because there are six months of light and six months of darkness. Antarctica usually has a good deal of fine weather without any wind at all. The strong winds are 4 (usual) only in some parts of it. It is also 5 (interest) to learn that it isn’t very wet there. There is very little snow 6 rain. It snows on the ice in winter, but at other times Antarctica is dry, just like the Sahara Desert. In winter, the sea around Antarctica freezes (结冰) for 7 (thousand) of kilometers. But scientists tell us that the earth is 8 (get) warmer. So in the future, there may be less ice in the Antarctic Sea. When that 9 (happen), our weather will never be the same again. So we need to protect 10 earth so that such changes don’t come too quickly. Passage 3 阅读短文，在空格处填入一个适当的单词或括号中单词的正确形式。 In the north of Jiangsu Province, there is a sea of flowers blooming (盛开) in the water. Every spring, this wonderful sea of flowers will attract lots of 1 (visit). 5,000 years ago, this place was 2 beach. 3,000 years ago, the coastline (海岸线) moved eastward, and then Xinghua area appeared 1, 000 years ago, to prevent 3 (flood), people in Xinghua made a network of deep ditches (深沟) or streams. They put up the soil on one side and built fields 4 farming. These fields are square or round, wide or narrow, high or low. They have different 5 (shape) and sizes. Big ones can be one kilometre wide, while the smaller ones just a few metres. The fields are not next to each other, and look 6 small islands on the ocean. Because of the local 7 (nature) conditions, people in Xinghua changed low-lying wetlands into fields. The land there is 8 (suit) for growing corn and vegetables. Today, the special landform of the Xinghua Fields is an important agricultural heritage (农业文化遗产). When rape flowers (油菜花) are in full bloom, 9 (hundred) of people travel between the fields in small boats. The boats move on the water and people travel among the flowers. What travellers are 10 (see) over there is a great example of Chinese wisdom. Passage 4 The Chinese character (汉字) Fu is special in Spring Festival celebrations. It shows people’s best wishes 1 good luck and happiness. The tradition of putting up the character Fu on walls and windows 2 (have) a long history. People can put up the character Fu either right-side up or upside down (颠倒), because in Chinese, the “upside-down Fu” and “Fu arrives” 3 (sound) similar. Both of them are “Fu dao le”. There is a story about the “upside-down Fu”. Zhu Yuanzhang, the 4 (one) emperor (皇帝) of the Ming Dynasty, used “Fu” as a sign to kill (杀死) a family. To save the family, Empress (皇后) Ma asked all the families to put up “Fu” on 5 (they) front doors. One family put it upside down because they couldn’t read or write. The emperor was angry but Empress Ma said it meant “Fu arrives”. After 6 (hear) this, Zhu Yuanzhang was happy and let the family go. After that, more and more people started to put up the “Fu” character upside down when the Spring Festival comes. When people put up the “Fu” character, they always do it 7 (careful). They believe by doing this, good luck will come to their homes. It makes the Spring Festival more lively and 8 (colour). As the red “Fu” characters carry people’s best 9 (wish), children also like to look at the upside-down “Fu” and listen to the story. Are you excited about the coming Spring Festival? Maybe you can also try to put up 10 upside-down “Fu” by yourself. 12 / 12乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $