题型07 阅读理解之说明文15篇（云南专用）（中考真题+热点话题练）-2026年中考英语总复习(云南专用)

题型07 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (云南专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 科普知识,说明文,植物 2 适中 科普知识,说明文,环境保护 3 适中 科普知识,说明文,环境污染 4 适中 中华文化,说明文,励志故事 5 适中 景点/建筑,篇章结构,说明文,科学技术,主旨大意,细节理解 6 较易 说明文,教育,文体活动 7 较易 说明文,发明与创造 8 适中 篇章结构,说明文,传统工艺,主旨大意,细节理解 9 较易 交通方式,说明文 10 适中 说明文,科学家,最佳标题,篇章结构,细节理解 11 适中 科普知识,说明文,方法/策略 12 适中 说明文,文化差异 13 较易 科普知识,说明文 14 适中 说明文,环境保护,环境污染,推理判断,细节理解 15 适中 科普知识,说明文 【中考真题】 Imagine that a cool bamboo-like grass can be used to make green energy. Scientists at Landuo Biotech, a business in Wuhan, have created one such plant recently. They name it “super giant reed” (超级芦竹). Since 2012, the Landuo team have collected over 1,000 wild giant reeds for experiments. As a result, more than 40 varieties of super giant reed have been “born”. In the Landuo’s factory, hundreds of young reeds are grown in glass bottles. Fully grown, super giant reeds are cut and put in a special place without O2. The Landuo team heat them up to make natural gas, which can then be used for energy. Thanks to the scientists’ efforts, super giant reed has a biomass (生物量) three times that of wild giant reed. A kilogram of super giant reed also has 4,000 to 4,500 kilocalories (千卡) of energy. So, super giant reed is a great choice for taking the place of fossil fuels (化石燃料). What’s more, growing super giant reed helps a lot. Planting 13,000 hectares of it can produce 0.45 to 1.5 million tons of fuel a year. 40 million hectares of super giant reed can be used instead of 2.2 billion (1 billion=1,000 million) tons of coal and can cut CO2 emissions (排放) by 4 billion tons in China every year. Super giant reed is also well-suited for growing on some land like beaches, wetlands and salty lands. Once a reed is planted, it can be cut and used many times during the next 15 to 20 years. By the end of 2024, over 3,300 hectares of super giant reed had been planted across 53 areas in China. At present, China is developing this new energy source—super giant reed and we hope that it can help to make our planet cleaner and cleaner. 1．What is the right order according to paragraph 2? a. The super giant reeds are cut by the Landuo team. b. The super giant reeds are heated up to make natural gas. c. The Landuo team grow lots of young super giant reeds in glass bottles. d. The Landuo team put the super giant reeds in a special place without O2. A．a-b-c-d B．b-a-c-d C．c-b-d-a D．c-a-d-b 2．How many kilocalories of energy does a kilogram of super giant reed produce? A．1,000 to 1,500. B．2,000 to 3,500. C．4,000 to 4,500. D．5,000 to 5,500. 3．How does the writer support the main idea of paragraph 4? A．By listing numbers. B．By telling stories. C．By asking questions. D．By giving suggestions. 4．In which part of a newspaper can you probably read the text? A．People. B．Science. C．Sports. D．Travel. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．Fossil Fuels B．CO2 Emissions C．Wild Giant Reed D．Super Giant Reed All around the world, buildings are going green! People are making green buildings. What does it mean to go green or to make a green building? A green building is designed (设计) in a way that is not harmful to the environment. The building uses energy, water, and other materials in ways that are good for the environment. When planning green buildings, architects (建筑师) must think about how to use energy, water, and materials in an environment-friendly way. There are many ways to save energy. Architects can design buildings to use natural light. Buildings can also be made with solar or wind power to get energy from the sun or the wind. To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks (洗池) and toilets (马桶) that conserve water. As for the materials used to build the building, it is important to use materials that do not have chemicals that are harmful to the air or water. Recycled materials can also be used for buildings. Buildings around the world use all three of these ways to go green. An office building called CH2 in Melbourne, Australia, uses wind and solar power. A cultural center in London, England, is made from recycled train cars and is powered by solar and wind power. The Academy of Sciences building in California in the U.S. has recycled materials, solar energy, and a huge “living roof” of plants. A temple in Thailand is made out of one million recycled glass bottles! This is a good use of recycled material, and it also lets natural light into the temple. More and more green buildings are being built and they are making the world a better place! 1．What do we know about a green building? A．It is usually painted green outside. B．It uses more materials than other buildings. C．It is designed by famous architects. D．It is built in an environment-friendly way. 2．Why do architects design buildings to use natural light? A．To save energy. B．To save materials. C．To protect the plants. D．To protect the buildings. 3．What does the underlined word “conserve” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Save. B．Boil. C．Clean. D．Produce. 4．How does the writer support the main idea of paragraph 3? A．By asking questions. B．By giving examples. C．By listing numbers. D．By explaining reasons. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．Designing Buildings B．Going Green C．Recycling Materials D．Using Energy 【热点话题练习】 Birds in cities stay awake longer, according to a new study. It found that birds in light-polluted areas are active for longer each day than birds in the countryside, where there is less artificial light. Light pollution is when there is a lot of artificial light from sources including street lights, buildings and vehicles. This brightens the natural darkness and can trick animals into thinking it is daytime for longer than it is. Scientists studied more than four million bird calls from BirdWeather, a citizen-science project where the public gathers the information. People send in recordings of birdsong and BirdWeather uses artificial intelligence (AI) to tell the sounds captured (被捕获). BirdWeather then uses that information to study birds’ behaviour and population changes. The information that users sent in was compared with measurements of light pollution taken from images captured by satellites in space. Researchers listened to birdsong from the mornings and evenings when the birds were most active. They found that birds in towns or cities, which have lots of light pollution, sing for an average (平均水平) of 50 minutes longer every day. They start about 20 minutes earlier in the morning and then continue for about 30 minutes more in the evening. Not all birds respond (作出反应) in the same way to artificial light. Species with relatively larger eyes seemed more sensitive (敏感的) to it. American robins, Australian magpie-larks and European goldfinches extend (延长) their days more than average, whereas small-eyed birds such as sparrows showed less change. More study is needed into how birds are affected. For example, Dr Brent Pease from Southern Illinois University, US, said it was unclear whether reduced sleep time is bad for birds. He pointed out that “they have developed interesting ways to cope with loss of sleep during travelling time.” 1．Why do birds in cities stay awake longer? A．Because they are more active and energetic. B．Because they can’t find enough food to eat. C．Because there is more artificial light in cities. D．Because there is more noise pollution in cities. 2．How much longer do birds in light-polluted areas sing every day on average? A．About 20 minutes. B．About 30 minutes. C．About 50 minutes. D．About 70 minutes. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．Artificial light. B．Darkness. C．Birdsong. D．Sleep time. 4．What does the underlined phrase “cope with” in the last paragraph mean? A．Give up. B．Deal with. C．Wait for. D．Worry about. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．City birds sing longer than countryside birds. B．Light pollution extends city birds’ active time. C．Birds’ sleep loss caused by light pollution is harmful. D．BirdWeather studied birds’ sounds and behaviour by AI. Guo Fuji and Qiu Zhihao recently finished college. Although they had job offers, they started a special project. They travel to record ancient villages that might soon disappear. They carry cameras and walk on mountain paths. They visit villages where mostly elderly people live. They listen to their stories, and save local traditions. Guo is 23 years old. He says many villages are becoming empty. In 10 or 20 years, these places may be gone. He hopes their videos can show future generations what the villages were like. Where was their first video filmed? They began near their hometown. Their first video was in Longtou Village. It has an ancient round building called “weiwu”. A villager kindly showed them around. Their videos became popular online. Followers shared tips and invited them to other villages. Once, they walked for hours under the hot sun to meet a fan’s grandmother in a village. Local people guided them along the way and gave fruit to them. So far, they have filmed 21 villages. They also met a 70-year-old craftsman (手艺人) skilled in bamboo weaving. They stayed at his home for several days to record his work. His daughter said few young people learn these skills today. Her father was happy someone valued his craft. Many people want to help the villagers. But Guo and Qiu need support to continue their work. They plan to film all disappearing villages in Hunan. They also hope to create a digital (数字的) museum one day. “These villages carry history,” Guo said. “We want to keep their stories alive. ” 1．Why did Guo Fuji and Qiu Zhihao give up their job offers after college? A．To record ancient villages that might disappear. B．To visit elderly people who live in ancient villages. C．To find jobs that can help them make more money. D．To travel around ancient villages to experience life. 2．From the passage, what skill does the 70-year-old craftsman have? A．Bamboo planting. B．Bamboo weaving. C．Museum buildings. D．Video filming. 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Guo and Qiu started their first video in their hometown. B．Guo and Qiu have already filmed all disappearing villages. C．Guo and Qiu hope their videos can show what the villages were like. D．Guo and Qiu’s videos became popular and got help from the government. 4．Which words can best describe Guo and Qiu? A．Calm and truthful. B．Understanding and polite. C．Kind and humorous. D．Responsible and hard-working. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Traveling Around Ancient Villages for Fun B．Building a Digital Museum for Hunan Villages C．Filming Disappearing Ancient Villages in Hunan D．Learning Traditional Crafts from Elderly Villagers The Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge (花江峡谷大桥) in Guizhou is the tallest bridge in the world. It opened to traffic on September 28, 2025. Building such a tall bridge was not easy. The project started in early 2022. The team had to face many natural difficulties in the Huajiang Grand Canyon. To overcome the difficulties, they used modern technologies and strong materials. These helped the team build the bridge with millimeter-level precision (精确) even at very high height of 600 meters. Finally, they turned the dangerous canyon into a safe and modern road. The bridge is 2,890 meters long. Its main span (跨度) is 1,420 meters. It stands 625 meters above the river, making it the world’s tallest bridge and the longest-span bridge in a mountain area. According to Xinhua News Agency, before opening, the bridge passed an important test on August 25. In the test, 96 trucks were driven onto the bridge. The total weight of these trucks was about 3,300 tons. Engineers checked the bridge carefully. After passing the test, the bridge was ready for traffic. In July, the bridge’s viewing walkway was finished. Now, visitors can test their driving skills on a 1,411-meter-long high-speed racing track (赛道). It is 600 meters above the ground. There are also glass sightseeing elevators and a coffee shop on the bridge. Now the world’s highest bridge has opened. Local villagers near the bridge are very happy. They hope more visitors will come here and their life will be better and better. 1．What helped the team to build the bridge? A．Local workers and traditional ways. B．Good weather and experienced engineers. C．Government support and simple tools. D．Modern technologies and strong materials. 2．How does the writer describe the bridge? A．By comparing. B．By listing numbers. C．By telling stories. D．By asking questions. 3．What do the local villagers feel about the opening of the bridge? A．Excited. B．Worried. C．Bored. D．Angry. 4．What is the structure of the text? (P=Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 5．What is the main purpose of building the bridge? A．It was made for scientists to do research. B．It was made to set a new world record in building. C．It was built both for traffic and for bringing more visitors. D．It was built only for local villagers to cross the canyon quickly. Sherry is a middle school math teacher in the US. She found that some of her students were not active enough in class. To solve this problem, she created a special activity called “My Class Economy” to make learning fun. Every week, her students need to pay rent (租金) for their desks and chairs in the classroom. But they can make “game money” by doing different jobs around the classroom. They can be the light helpers, the book organizers, the blackboard cleaners and so on. Instead of getting real money, they get $10 to $20 game money for each job. After getting the game money, students can use it to buy many things, such as a homework pass, a seat change or a lunch in the classroom. If students want to get more game money, they need to behave well in class. But if they do something bad, they will get a fine. For example, anyone who doesn’t listen to the teacher carefully will lose $3. Since the activity started, Sherry’s students have changed a lot. They are much more active and responsible. “All of them take an active part in class now,” Sherry said. “It’s also a great way to teach math and the value of money at the same time. It’s a real-life lesson I always wanted to give!” 1．What can students use their game money to buy? A．A new book. B．A school trip. C．A homework pass. D．A lunch in the restaurant. 2．What does the underlined word “fine” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Punishment. B．Gift. C．Praise. D．Suggestion. 3．What is the right order according to the text? a. Sherry created “My Class Economy” activity. b. Students are much more active and responsible now. c. Sherry found some students weren’t active enough in class. d. Students can make game money and use it to buy many things. A．a-b-c-d B．b-a-d-c C．c-a-b-d D．c-a-d-b 4．Which words can best describe Sherry according to the text? A．Careless and impolite. B．Clever and creative. C．Brave and hard-working. D．Strict and traditional. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．Classroom Jobs B．A Math Teacher C．A Real-life Lesson D．A Homework Pass With the fast development of technology, smart windows have become a great invention. Unlike traditional windows that only separate inside and outside, smart windows can change their color and how clear they are by themselves. They fit the changing outdoor environment without people’s frequent (频繁的) control. This makes our homes and offices more comfortable. Smart windows work well in hot summer. When the sun is too strong, they can find it and turn dark slowly. This blocks most strong sunlight and harmful UV rays. It stops the room from getting too hot and protects indoor furniture from fading. People can have a cooler room without using air conditioners too much. In cold winter, smart windows work differently. They become fully clear automatically, letting as much sunlight as possible into the room. Sunlight is a natural heat source (源头). It can make the room warm, so people don’t need to use heaters so often. This helps save energy, especially in places with long cold winters. Smart windows are also good for the environment because they save energy. They are easy to control: people can use a remote control or a phone app. Now, smart windows are used in many places, such as homes, offices and museums. In the future, they may have more new useful functions (功能). They will help build a greener and more comfortable living environment. 1．What is the main feature of smart windows? A．They can block all UV rays. B．They are made of stronger materials. C．They only separate the inside from the outside. D．They can change clearness and color by themselves. 2．Why can smart windows protect indoor furniture in summer? A．They can lower the room temperature quickly. B．They can clean the furniture surface automatically. C．They can reflect all the sunlight away from the room. D．They block harmful UV rays that cause furniture fading. 3．The underlined word “automatically” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A．by hand B．on its own C．with a phone’s help D．with others’ help 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Smart windows use more energy in winter. B．Smart windows are only used in high-end homes. C．Smart windows will have more new functions in the future. D．Smart windows will replace all traditional windows soon. 5．If smart windows can help save energy, who will benefit most? A．Doctors who need a clean place. B．Teachers who need a quiet place. C．Students who need good light to study. D．People who want to save money on electricity. These days, we don’t see people wearing hand-made cloth shoes very often. But long ago, they were part of people’s lives. It’s said that most people could not wear boots (靴子) during the Ming Dynasty. Because of this, cloth shoes became popular at that time, especially in Sichuan Province. Tangchang, a town in Chengdu, has been home to cloth shoemakers for 700 years. There are 32 steps to make a pair of Tangchang cloth shoes. Tangchang cloth shoes are good for both everyday wear and important events. They are friendly to the environment. You can wear them for a long time. Lai Shufang, born in Tangchang, is good at making cloth shoes. The 63-year-old has been making shoes for 40 years. Lai learned to make shoes at a factory after finishing high school. It took her three years to master all the skills. In 1998, Lai lost her job when the factory closed. However, she decided to open a small store to pass on her skills. Two years later, Lai really had her own shoe store. Her two younger sisters also joined her store. Lai’s hard work touched her son Ai Peng. In 2015, Ai decided to help his mother. He used Shu embroidery (蜀绣) and palm weaving (棕编) to make the cloth shoes look nicer. He also opened an online cloth shoe store. Now they sell about 10,000 pairs of shoes each year. Even President Xi Jinping bought a pair of shoes from their store. 1．Why did cloth shoes become popular during the Ming Dynasty? A．Because most people could not wear boots. B．Because they were easy to make and beautiful. C．Because they weren’t friendly to the environment. D．Because they were bad for both everyday wear and important events. 2．How old was Lai Shufang when she began to make shoes? A．20. B．23. C．40. D．63. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Lai Shufang had a shoe store in 1998. B．Everyone can make cloth shoes in the Ming Dynasty. C．It is easy to make a pair of Tangchang cloth shoes. D．Lai Shufang spent three years learning all the skills about making shoes. 4．The last paragraph is to show ________. A．how Ai Peng learned to make cloth shoes B．why Ai Peng sells cloth shoes online C．how Ai Peng helped increase the sales of cloth shoes D．why Ai Peng loved embroidery and palm weaving 5．What may be the structure (结构) of this passage? A． B． C． D． Kunming Changshui International Airport has improved its transfer (中转) services to make passengers’ journeys easier and more comfortable. From November 6th to December 31st, 2025, travelers from nine provinces: Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi (except Xi’an), Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning can enjoy free overnight stays when transferring through Kunming. If a passenger wants a single room, they need to pay extra for the room difference. Those who need this service can call 0871-67085991 to ask questions and book a room. The airport will check their travel plans. Besides free living service, the airport also offers airport free shuttle bus or subway rides to some key areas in the city, like the Green Lake and Nanping Street. This helps passengers save time and money while they enjoy Kunming’s nice places during their transfer. Since October 26, the check-in deadline (截止时间) for all flights to Shanghai has changed. Now passengers have 30 minutes to check in before the flights take off. It has 10 minutes less than before. But this only works for flights to Shanghai. For other domestic (国内的) flights, the check-in deadline is still 40 minutes before the planes take off. 1．Kunming Changshui International Airport has improved its transfer services to ________. A．help the travelers book rooms B．help the homeless people C．get much money D．make passengers’ journeys easier and more comfortable 2．The travelers from nine provinces can enjoy free overnight stays until ________. A．October 26th B．December 31st C．November 6th D．January 1st 3．People in ________ province can’t enjoy free overnight stays at Kunming Changshui International Airport? A．Hubei B．Xinjiang C．Qinghai D．Liaoning 4．The check-in deadline for all domestic flights except Shanghai is ________ before the plane take off. A．10 minutes B．20 minutes C．30 minutes D．40 minutes 5．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．The delicious food at Kunming Changshui International Airport. B．The airport free shuttle bus or subway rides to some key areas in Kunming. C．The transfer services has improved at Kunming Changshui International Airport. D．The check-in deadline for all flights to Shanghai. Jane Goodall, one of the world’s most famous animal scientists, passed away on October 1, 2025, at the age of 91. Yet her name will be remembered by future generations (后代). Born in England in 1934, Jane began to show a great interest in animals when she was a little girl. She loved to watch animals and read stories about them. This love continued and led her to go to Africa to study chimpanzees (黑猩猩) at the age of 26. In Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania, she did something no one had done before—sitting quietly and observing (观察) chimpanzees day after day. Jane’s work turned out to be a key to unlocking the secrets of chimpanzees. She discovered that chimpanzees were smart. They could use sticks as tools—a skill that people once thought only humans had. They could also show feelings as humans. They hugged when they were happy, comforted (安慰) each other when sad, and even cried for losing their loved ones. She then solved another big mystery—whether chimpanzees were strict vegetarians (素食者) or not. She followed them for months, and one day saw them eating meat from a dead animal. It broke the long-held idea that they only ate fruit and nuts. This is Jane Goodall, a woman with great achievements, who leaves her name in history by leading scientists and people to think again about their ideas on humans and nature. 1．When did Jane Goodall go to Africa? A．In 1930. B．In 1940. C．In 1950. D．In 1960. 2．How did Jane Goodall study chimpanzees? A．By hugging them. B．By using sticks as tools. C．By watching them. D．By reading stories about them. 3．Which of the following is NOT Jane’s discovery? A．Chimpanzees eat fruit and nuts. B．Chimpanzees have feelings. C．Chimpanzees can also eat meat. D．Chimpanzees can use tools. 4．How is the text organized? A． B． C． D． 5．Which is the best title of the passage? A．The Unforgettable Time in Africa B．What Jane Goodall Did to Protect the Earth C．How Jane Goodall Changed Our Opinions of the World D．The Woman Who Solved the Mysteries of Chimpanzees It can be embarrassing (使人害羞的) if someone sees you talking to yourself. But don’t feel bad about it! In fact, talking to yourself has a lot of advantages (优点). Talking to yourself loud is like showing your quiet inner (内在的) speech. When you speak out, it is like you make it real. It can help you do better in different areas like school, sports and work. Talking to yourself, especially in the third person, can help you manage bad feelings. Jason Moser, an expert from the US, does not like flying. But he has to fly often because of his work. So when he is feeling nervous or afraid on the plane, he talks to himself, “Well, Jason knows air travel is very safe.” And it really helps. When encouragement comes from yourself, it adds self-confidence (自信心). A study invited tennis players to take part in games. Researchers put them into two groups: one group said nothing while playing, and the other talked to themselves while playing. They found that the self-talkers showed more confidence and played better. Self-talk also helps to improve memory. Researchers tested four different ways to memorize things: reading silently, reading aloud, listening to others read and listening to a record of reading. The result showed those who read aloud remembered the information the best. 1．Talking to yourself loud is good for you in ________. a. School. b. Shopping. c. Work. d. Sports. A．a, b, c B．a, b, d C．b, c, d D．a, c, d 2．In paragraph 3, what does Jason Moser say to himself on a plane? A．I’m afraid. B．I feel nervous. C．Air travel is safe. D．Air travel helps me relax. 3．Which tennis group played better in the study? A．The group that kept silent while playing. B．The group that talked to themselves while playing. C．Two groups did as well as each other. D．They both did badly. 4．What’s the structure (结构) of the text? A． B． C． D． 5．What can be the best title of the text? A．The Reasons of Talking to Yourself B．The Advantages of Talking to Yourself C．The Influence of Talking to Yourself D．The Difference of Talking to Yourself Have you ever traveled to another country and found that people use their hands or bodies in ways you cannot understand? Body language, a form of non-verbal (非言语的) communication, varies greatly across different cultures. Understanding these differences can help us avoid misunderstandings. For example, the common “thumbs-up” gesture, which means “good job” or “okay” in many Western countries like the United States, is considered rude in some parts of the Middle East. Similarly, the “V for victory” sign is positive in America, but if you make it with your palm facing inward in the UK or Australia, it becomes an insult (侮辱). Nodding your head usually means “yes”, and shaking it means “no”, right? Not always! In Bulgaria and Greece, people often nod to mean “no” and shake their heads to mean “yes”. This can be very confusing (使困惑的) to visitors. Another important aspect is personal space. In countries like Mexico and Saudi Arabia, people tend to stand closer to each other during a conversation. However, in some European nations such as Germany and Sweden, people prefer more personal space and feel uncomfortable if others stand too close. Even something as simple as eye contact has different rules. In many Western cultures, looking someone in the eye shows confidence and honesty. But in some Asian cultures, like South Korea and Japan, prolonged eye contact can be seen as disrespectful or challenging, especially when talking to someone older or in a higher position. In conclusion, body language is a powerful but silent language. What is polite in one culture might be impolite in another. When we communicate with people from different backgrounds, being aware of these non-verbal cues is as important as learning their spoken language. 1．According to the passage, where is the “thumbs-up” gesture considered rude? A．In the United States. B．In some Middle Eastern countries. C．In Japan. D．In Germany. 2．If someone from Greece shakes their head while you are speaking, what are they most likely expressing? A．They are saying “yes”. B．They are feeling confused. C．They are feeling happy. D．They are saying “no”. 3．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To encourage people to travel more. B．To teach readers how to use specific gestures correctly. C．To discuss the different meanings of body language in various cultures. D．To explain why spoken language is more important than body language. 4．Why does the author mention personal space and eye contact in the passage? A．To suggest that Western ways are better. B．To argue that these are the most important parts of body language. C．To show that all cultures have the same rules for these behaviors. D．To give more examples of how non-verbal communication differs culturally. 5．What does the word “prolonged” most likely mean? A．Very serious. B．Lasting for a short time. C．Happening very often. D．Lasting for a long time. By now, more than half of the world’s people have lived in cities. How can we grow enough food for everyone without using too much land? The answer might be “vertical (垂直的) farms”. These are special buildings where plants are grown on shelves, one on top of another, like a tall food factory. This method enables food to be grown in the heart of the city, closer to where people live. Inside these farms, computers control everything to create the perfect growing conditions. They make sure the plants get the perfect amount of light, water, and plant food. Because the environment is perfectly controlled, plants grow faster and healthier than in traditional farms, and there are no pests (害虫) to ruin the crops. In Beijing, a new vertical farm opened in 2024. It can produce tons of fresh vegetables every year, right in the middle of the city, reducing the need for long-distance transportation. This way of farming uses 95% less water than normal farming because the water is recycled within the system. It also doesn’t need pesticides (杀虫剂), which are harmful chemicals that kill insects but can also pollute the environment and our food. Vertical farms can provide fresh food for city people all year round, even in winter when outdoor farming is impossible. It’s a smart and green way to feed our growing cities, making our food supply safer and more sustainable for the future. 1．What is the main challenge that vertical farms aim to solve? A．The lack of sunlight in cities. B．The high cost of building materials. C．Finding enough farmers to work in cities. D．Feeding a growing urban (城市的) population with limited land. 2．According to the passage, how do computers contribute to vertical farming? A．They cook the harvested vegetables. B．They build the shelves for the plants. C．They manage a good growing environment for plants. D．They sell the produce directly to customers online. 3．Which two major environmental advantages of vertical farming are mentioned? A．It uses more land and creates more jobs. B．It works only in summer and needs more trucks. C．It uses less electricity and produces more waste. D．It saves water and avoids the use of harmful pesticides. 4．The word “sustainable” in the last sentence probably means “________”. A．可持续的 B．过时的 C．昂贵的 D．短暂的 5．Which of the following best describes the structure of the passage? A．It tells a story about a farmer’s experience. B．It states a problem and then explains a solution. C．It compares different types of farms in detail. D．It argues against the use of traditional farming. Scientists say that the earth is getting warmer and warmer. It’s not good news at all. If the villagers in the earth village don’t take any actions, the only home of us will be in danger. Study shows that “greenhouse effect” is the main cause of the climate change. In fact, the greenhouse is a good method to keep warm when the outside temperature is low. Thanks to the greenhouse, people can eat all kinds of vegetables all the year round. In a similar way, the air around the earth is like a huge blanket. It keeps the heat produced by the sun and prevents it from escaping. Several gases in the air are known as “greenhouse gases”. And the way in which they keep heat in the atmosphere is called the “greenhouse effect”. Without greenhouse gases, the earth would be 30 degrees colder and human life would disappear. However, in the past 150 years, we have been pouring too many of these gases into the earth’s atmosphere by burning too much coal and oil. The rapid increase in greenhouse gases is making the world warmer. The world’s temperature has already gone up by half a degree this century, and the sea level has risen by 10 centimeters. If the amount (数量) of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere doubles (加倍), there will probably be a rise in the earth’s temperature of between 1 and 4℃. This may seem a small increase, but it would be enough to cause great changes in geography and agriculture (农业). Large areas of the world would be under water while some areas would become dry and unable to produce crops. 1．“The only home” in paragraph one refers to “________”. A．the sun B．the earth C．all the countries D．the moon 2．Greenhouse gases ________. A．produce heat for the earth B．keep heat from running away from the earth C．make the earth cool D．provide heat for the earth 3．From the passage we can infer that ________. A．too many greenhouse gases can cause extremely (异常地）bad weather B．greenhouse gases are always helpful to us C．greenhouse gases are bad for us D．greenhouse gases have little effect on us 4．Which of the following may happen if we don’t take measures to control the amount of greenhouse gases? A．The earth will be too cold for the human beings to live on. B．Some island countries with low altitude in the oceans will disappear. C．People can produce more crops. D．Agriculture will have a better chance to develop. 5．According to the passage, we shouldn’t ________. A．control the burning of coal and oil B．control the number of cars C．increase the amount of carbon dioxide poured into the atmosphere D．burn any kinds of fuels which may produce carbon dioxide The relationship between people and nature is really important for our health, but it’s not easy to understand. In the past 40 years, many studies have tried to see how we treat nature and whether it affects our health. To find this out, we need to learn from different things. This article will look at how people connect with nature and how that connection affects our health in different ways. First, the study of how living things change shows how people and nature fit together. For example, when people started farming (畜牧业) and could drink milk better, it shows that people and nature changed together. The study of the mind tells us that we like natural places from the start, and being in nature is good for our health. So, the link (联系) between people and nature is deep in our bodies and minds. Second, money-related studies show how people and nature are connected when it comes to money. As factories and industry grew, problems between people and nature got worse. We used too many resources (资源) and degraded the environment. These problems don’t just hurt nature; they also harm our health, especially for those who get sick easily because the environment isn’t fair to them. Finally, the idea of protecting the environment shows the power between people and nature. People can change nature, and nature can help or hurt our society. Ideas like using resources carefully and making the environment better show that people are starting to care more about protecting nature. This change in our thinking means we need to act to protect the environment to stay healthy in the long run. In short, the relationship between people and nature has many sides and is closely connected to our health. By putting ideas from different studies together, we can understand this relationship better and work for a healthier, more lasting future. 1．What example shows that people and nature changed together? A．People started to like natural places. B．People could drink milk better when starting farming. C．People built more factories. D．People began to protect the environment. 2．What does the underlined word “degraded” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Made…more enjoyable. B．Made…more valuable. C．Made…worse in quality. D．Made…larger in size. 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．It shows people’s power over nature. B．It has little to do with our health. C．It helps us understand our connection with nature. D．It only benefits nature but not society. 4．The structure (结构) of the text is __________. A． B． C． D． 5．What can be the best title for this text? A．The Study of Living Things B．The Power of People C．The Growth of Industry D．The Relationship Between People and Nature 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题型07 阅读理解之说明文15篇 (云南专用) 【题型知识点细目表】 题号 难度 知识点 1 适中 科普知识,说明文,植物 2 适中 科普知识,说明文,环境保护 3 适中 科普知识,说明文,环境污染 4 适中 中华文化,说明文,励志故事 5 适中 景点/建筑,篇章结构,说明文,科学技术,主旨大意,细节理解 6 较易 说明文,教育,文体活动 7 较易 说明文,发明与创造 8 适中 篇章结构,说明文,传统工艺,主旨大意,细节理解 9 较易 交通方式,说明文 10 适中 说明文,科学家,最佳标题,篇章结构,细节理解 11 适中 科普知识,说明文,方法/策略 12 适中 说明文,文化差异 13 较易 科普知识,说明文 14 适中 说明文,环境保护,环境污染,推理判断,细节理解 15 适中 科普知识,说明文 【中考真题】 Imagine that a cool bamboo-like grass can be used to make green energy. Scientists at Landuo Biotech, a business in Wuhan, have created one such plant recently. They name it “super giant reed” (超级芦竹). Since 2012, the Landuo team have collected over 1,000 wild giant reeds for experiments. As a result, more than 40 varieties of super giant reed have been “born”. In the Landuo’s factory, hundreds of young reeds are grown in glass bottles. Fully grown, super giant reeds are cut and put in a special place without O2. The Landuo team heat them up to make natural gas, which can then be used for energy. Thanks to the scientists’ efforts, super giant reed has a biomass (生物量) three times that of wild giant reed. A kilogram of super giant reed also has 4,000 to 4,500 kilocalories (千卡) of energy. So, super giant reed is a great choice for taking the place of fossil fuels (化石燃料). What’s more, growing super giant reed helps a lot. Planting 13,000 hectares of it can produce 0.45 to 1.5 million tons of fuel a year. 40 million hectares of super giant reed can be used instead of 2.2 billion (1 billion=1,000 million) tons of coal and can cut CO2 emissions (排放) by 4 billion tons in China every year. Super giant reed is also well-suited for growing on some land like beaches, wetlands and salty lands. Once a reed is planted, it can be cut and used many times during the next 15 to 20 years. By the end of 2024, over 3,300 hectares of super giant reed had been planted across 53 areas in China. At present, China is developing this new energy source—super giant reed and we hope that it can help to make our planet cleaner and cleaner. 1．What is the right order according to paragraph 2? a. The super giant reeds are cut by the Landuo team. b. The super giant reeds are heated up to make natural gas. c. The Landuo team grow lots of young super giant reeds in glass bottles. d. The Landuo team put the super giant reeds in a special place without O2. A．a-b-c-d B．b-a-c-d C．c-b-d-a D．c-a-d-b 2．How many kilocalories of energy does a kilogram of super giant reed produce? A．1,000 to 1,500. B．2,000 to 3,500. C．4,000 to 4,500. D．5,000 to 5,500. 3．How does the writer support the main idea of paragraph 4? A．By listing numbers. B．By telling stories. C．By asking questions. D．By giving suggestions. 4．In which part of a newspaper can you probably read the text? A．People. B．Science. C．Sports. D．Travel. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．Fossil Fuels B．CO2 Emissions C．Wild Giant Reed D．Super Giant Reed 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要是介绍科学家们创造了一种新的植物——超级芦竹，它可以用来制造绿色能源。 1．细节理解题。根据“In the Landuo’s factory, hundreds of young reeds are grown in glass bottles. Fully grown, super giant reeds are cut and put in a special place without O2. The Landuo team heat them up to make natural gas, which can then be used for energy.”可知，在蓝朵的工厂里，数百株幼芦竹被种植在玻璃瓶中。完全成熟后，超级芦竹被切割并放置在一个没有氧气的特殊地方。蓝朵团队将它们加热制成天然气，然后可以用作能源。所以正确的顺序是c-a-d-b，故选D。 2． 细节理解题。根据“A kilogram of super giant reed also has 4,000 to 4,500 kilocalories (千卡) of energy”可知，一公斤超级芦竹有4000到4500千卡的能量。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“Planting 13,000 hectares of it can produce 0.45 to 1.5 million tons of fuel a year. 40 million hectares of super giant reed can be used instead of 2.2 billion (1 billion=1,000 million) tons of coal and can cut CO2 emissions (排放) by 4 billion tons in China every year”可知，种植1.3万公顷的超级芦竹每年可生产45万至150万吨燃料，4000万公顷的超级芦竹可以替代22亿吨煤炭，每年可减少中国40亿吨的二氧化碳排放，所以作者是通过列举数字来支持第四段的主要观点的，故选A。 4．推理判断题。本文主要是介绍科学家们创造了一种新的植物——超级芦竹，它可以用来制造绿色能源，属于科学范畴，故选B。 5．最佳标题题。本文主要是介绍科学家们创造了一种新的植物——超级芦竹，它可以用来制造绿色能源，所以选项D“超级芦竹”符合，故选D。 All around the world, buildings are going green! People are making green buildings. What does it mean to go green or to make a green building? A green building is designed (设计) in a way that is not harmful to the environment. The building uses energy, water, and other materials in ways that are good for the environment. When planning green buildings, architects (建筑师) must think about how to use energy, water, and materials in an environment-friendly way. There are many ways to save energy. Architects can design buildings to use natural light. Buildings can also be made with solar or wind power to get energy from the sun or the wind. To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks (洗池) and toilets (马桶) that conserve water. As for the materials used to build the building, it is important to use materials that do not have chemicals that are harmful to the air or water. Recycled materials can also be used for buildings. Buildings around the world use all three of these ways to go green. An office building called CH2 in Melbourne, Australia, uses wind and solar power. A cultural center in London, England, is made from recycled train cars and is powered by solar and wind power. The Academy of Sciences building in California in the U.S. has recycled materials, solar energy, and a huge “living roof” of plants. A temple in Thailand is made out of one million recycled glass bottles! This is a good use of recycled material, and it also lets natural light into the temple. More and more green buildings are being built and they are making the world a better place! 1．What do we know about a green building? A．It is usually painted green outside. B．It uses more materials than other buildings. C．It is designed by famous architects. D．It is built in an environment-friendly way. 2．Why do architects design buildings to use natural light? A．To save energy. B．To save materials. C．To protect the plants. D．To protect the buildings. 3．What does the underlined word “conserve” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Save. B．Boil. C．Clean. D．Produce. 4．How does the writer support the main idea of paragraph 3? A．By asking questions. B．By giving examples. C．By listing numbers. D．By explaining reasons. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．Designing Buildings B．Going Green C．Recycling Materials D．Using Energy 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍绿色建筑的相关内容。 1．细节理解题。根据“A green building is designed (设计) in a way that is not harmful to the environment.”可知，绿色建筑是以对环境无害的方式设计的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“There are many ways to save energy. Architects can design buildings to use natural light.”可知，建筑师利用自然光来设计建筑物是为了节约能源，故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks (洗池) and toilets (马桶) that conserve water. ”可知，为了节约用水，绿色建筑的屋顶上可以有收集雨水的区域，厨房和浴室可以有洗池和马桶，所以是可以用洗池和马桶来节约水，划线单词表示“节约”。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“An office building called CH2 in Melbourne, Australia, uses wind and solar power. A cultural center in London, England, is made from recycled train cars and is powered by solar and wind power. The Academy of Sciences building in California in the U.S. has recycled materials, solar energy, and a huge ‘living roof’ of plants. A temple in Thailand is made out of one million recycled glass bottles! ”可知，作者通过举例支持第三段的主旨，故选B。 5．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍绿色建筑的相关内容，强调环保，所以B项最适合做标题。故选B。 【热点话题练习】 Birds in cities stay awake longer, according to a new study. It found that birds in light-polluted areas are active for longer each day than birds in the countryside, where there is less artificial light. Light pollution is when there is a lot of artificial light from sources including street lights, buildings and vehicles. This brightens the natural darkness and can trick animals into thinking it is daytime for longer than it is. Scientists studied more than four million bird calls from BirdWeather, a citizen-science project where the public gathers the information. People send in recordings of birdsong and BirdWeather uses artificial intelligence (AI) to tell the sounds captured (被捕获). BirdWeather then uses that information to study birds’ behaviour and population changes. The information that users sent in was compared with measurements of light pollution taken from images captured by satellites in space. Researchers listened to birdsong from the mornings and evenings when the birds were most active. They found that birds in towns or cities, which have lots of light pollution, sing for an average (平均水平) of 50 minutes longer every day. They start about 20 minutes earlier in the morning and then continue for about 30 minutes more in the evening. Not all birds respond (作出反应) in the same way to artificial light. Species with relatively larger eyes seemed more sensitive (敏感的) to it. American robins, Australian magpie-larks and European goldfinches extend (延长) their days more than average, whereas small-eyed birds such as sparrows showed less change. More study is needed into how birds are affected. For example, Dr Brent Pease from Southern Illinois University, US, said it was unclear whether reduced sleep time is bad for birds. He pointed out that “they have developed interesting ways to cope with loss of sleep during travelling time.” 1．Why do birds in cities stay awake longer? A．Because they are more active and energetic. B．Because they can’t find enough food to eat. C．Because there is more artificial light in cities. D．Because there is more noise pollution in cities. 2．How much longer do birds in light-polluted areas sing every day on average? A．About 20 minutes. B．About 30 minutes. C．About 50 minutes. D．About 70 minutes. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．Artificial light. B．Darkness. C．Birdsong. D．Sleep time. 4．What does the underlined phrase “cope with” in the last paragraph mean? A．Give up. B．Deal with. C．Wait for. D．Worry about. 5．What is the main idea of the passage? A．City birds sing longer than countryside birds. B．Light pollution extends city birds’ active time. C．Birds’ sleep loss caused by light pollution is harmful. D．BirdWeather studied birds’ sounds and behaviour by AI. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家对光污染对鸟儿活动时间影响的研究。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“It found that birds in light-polluted areas are active for longer each day than birds in the countryside, where there is less artificial light.”可知，城市的鸟保持清醒的时间更长是因为城市有大量人造光。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“They found that birds in towns or cities, which have lots of light pollution, sing for an average (平均水平) of 50 minutes longer every day.”可知，光污染区域中的鸟类，每天平均会多鸣叫 50 分钟。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据前句“Not all birds respond (作出反应) in the same way to artificial light.”可知，句中“it”指的是人造光。故选A。 4．词句猜测题。根据“they have developed interesting ways”可知，此处是说它们已经找到了一些有趣的方法来应对旅行过程中的睡眠缺失问题，“cope with”的意思是“应对”，故选B。 5．主旨大意题。阅读全文并根据第一段“It found that birds in light-polluted areas are active for longer each day than birds in the countryside, where there is less artificial light.”可知，本文主要讲述了光污染延长了城市鸟类的活动时间。故选B。 Guo Fuji and Qiu Zhihao recently finished college. Although they had job offers, they started a special project. They travel to record ancient villages that might soon disappear. They carry cameras and walk on mountain paths. They visit villages where mostly elderly people live. They listen to their stories, and save local traditions. Guo is 23 years old. He says many villages are becoming empty. In 10 or 20 years, these places may be gone. He hopes their videos can show future generations what the villages were like. Where was their first video filmed? They began near their hometown. Their first video was in Longtou Village. It has an ancient round building called “weiwu”. A villager kindly showed them around. Their videos became popular online. Followers shared tips and invited them to other villages. Once, they walked for hours under the hot sun to meet a fan’s grandmother in a village. Local people guided them along the way and gave fruit to them. So far, they have filmed 21 villages. They also met a 70-year-old craftsman (手艺人) skilled in bamboo weaving. They stayed at his home for several days to record his work. His daughter said few young people learn these skills today. Her father was happy someone valued his craft. Many people want to help the villagers. But Guo and Qiu need support to continue their work. They plan to film all disappearing villages in Hunan. They also hope to create a digital (数字的) museum one day. “These villages carry history,” Guo said. “We want to keep their stories alive. ” 1．Why did Guo Fuji and Qiu Zhihao give up their job offers after college? A．To record ancient villages that might disappear. B．To visit elderly people who live in ancient villages. C．To find jobs that can help them make more money. D．To travel around ancient villages to experience life. 2．From the passage, what skill does the 70-year-old craftsman have? A．Bamboo planting. B．Bamboo weaving. C．Museum buildings. D．Video filming. 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Guo and Qiu started their first video in their hometown. B．Guo and Qiu have already filmed all disappearing villages. C．Guo and Qiu hope their videos can show what the villages were like. D．Guo and Qiu’s videos became popular and got help from the government. 4．Which words can best describe Guo and Qiu? A．Calm and truthful. B．Understanding and polite. C．Kind and humorous. D．Responsible and hard-working. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Traveling Around Ancient Villages for Fun B．Building a Digital Museum for Hunan Villages C．Filming Disappearing Ancient Villages in Hunan D．Learning Traditional Crafts from Elderly Villagers 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文讲述了郭富记和邱志豪大学毕业后放弃工作机会，深入湖南古村落记录即将消失的村庄与文化，旨在保存这些地方的历史与故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“Although they had job offers, they started a special project. They travel to record ancient villages that might soon disappear.”可知，他们放弃工作机会是为了记录可能消失的古村落。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“They also met a 70-year-old craftsman skilled in bamboo weaving.”可知，这位70岁的手艺人的技能是竹编。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“He hopes their videos can show future generations what the villages were like.”可知，郭富记希望他们的视频能展示村庄过去的样子。故选C。 4．推理判断题。他们为保存文化遗产长途跋涉，深入偏远村落，并持续记录多日，体现出强烈的责任感和勤奋精神。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。全文围绕郭富记和邱志豪记录湖南濒临消失的古村落展开，突出其行动的意义与过程，C项“拍摄湖南濒临消失的古村落”最贴合主旨。故选C。 The Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge (花江峡谷大桥) in Guizhou is the tallest bridge in the world. It opened to traffic on September 28, 2025. Building such a tall bridge was not easy. The project started in early 2022. The team had to face many natural difficulties in the Huajiang Grand Canyon. To overcome the difficulties, they used modern technologies and strong materials. These helped the team build the bridge with millimeter-level precision (精确) even at very high height of 600 meters. Finally, they turned the dangerous canyon into a safe and modern road. The bridge is 2,890 meters long. Its main span (跨度) is 1,420 meters. It stands 625 meters above the river, making it the world’s tallest bridge and the longest-span bridge in a mountain area. According to Xinhua News Agency, before opening, the bridge passed an important test on August 25. In the test, 96 trucks were driven onto the bridge. The total weight of these trucks was about 3,300 tons. Engineers checked the bridge carefully. After passing the test, the bridge was ready for traffic. In July, the bridge’s viewing walkway was finished. Now, visitors can test their driving skills on a 1,411-meter-long high-speed racing track (赛道). It is 600 meters above the ground. There are also glass sightseeing elevators and a coffee shop on the bridge. Now the world’s highest bridge has opened. Local villagers near the bridge are very happy. They hope more visitors will come here and their life will be better and better. 1．What helped the team to build the bridge? A．Local workers and traditional ways. B．Good weather and experienced engineers. C．Government support and simple tools. D．Modern technologies and strong materials. 2．How does the writer describe the bridge? A．By comparing. B．By listing numbers. C．By telling stories. D．By asking questions. 3．What do the local villagers feel about the opening of the bridge? A．Excited. B．Worried. C．Bored. D．Angry. 4．What is the structure of the text? (P=Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 5．What is the main purpose of building the bridge? A．It was made for scientists to do research. B．It was made to set a new world record in building. C．It was built both for traffic and for bringing more visitors. D．It was built only for local villagers to cross the canyon quickly. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了贵州花江峡谷大桥的相关情况，包括其建设过程、桥梁数据、测试情况、附属设施以及对当地的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“To overcome the difficulties, they used modern technologies and strong materials.”可知，帮助团队建设桥梁的是现代技术和坚固的材料。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“2,890 meters long”“1,420 meters”“625 meters above the river”“96 trucks”“3,300 tons”等可知，文中出现了大量的具体数据，所以是通过列举数字来精确描述大桥的规模、测试情况等信息，让说明更具说服力。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Local villagers near the bridge are very happy. They hope more visitors will come here and their life will be better and better.”可知，当地村民对大桥的开通感到很兴奋，因为希望更多游客到来，生活越来越好。故选A。 4．篇章结构题。根据文章可知，第一段介绍了花江峡谷大桥的基本身份与通车时间；第二段讲述建设过程与技术支撑；第三段介绍大桥的结构数据；第四段说明通车前的测试情况；第五段介绍桥上配套设施；第六段讲述大桥开放后的影响与村民的期待，整体结构为“总—分—总”结构，首段总领全文，后续段落分别从不同角度展开说明，文章最后一段实现主题升华，呼应开头“天堑变通途”的民生意义。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据“It opened to traffic on September 28, 2025.”“visitors can test their driving skills”和“glass sightseeing elevators and a coffee shop”可知，修建这座桥既是为了交通，也是为了吸引游客。故选C。 Sherry is a middle school math teacher in the US. She found that some of her students were not active enough in class. To solve this problem, she created a special activity called “My Class Economy” to make learning fun. Every week, her students need to pay rent (租金) for their desks and chairs in the classroom. But they can make “game money” by doing different jobs around the classroom. They can be the light helpers, the book organizers, the blackboard cleaners and so on. Instead of getting real money, they get $10 to $20 game money for each job. After getting the game money, students can use it to buy many things, such as a homework pass, a seat change or a lunch in the classroom. If students want to get more game money, they need to behave well in class. But if they do something bad, they will get a fine. For example, anyone who doesn’t listen to the teacher carefully will lose $3. Since the activity started, Sherry’s students have changed a lot. They are much more active and responsible. “All of them take an active part in class now,” Sherry said. “It’s also a great way to teach math and the value of money at the same time. It’s a real-life lesson I always wanted to give!” 1．What can students use their game money to buy? A．A new book. B．A school trip. C．A homework pass. D．A lunch in the restaurant. 2．What does the underlined word “fine” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Punishment. B．Gift. C．Praise. D．Suggestion. 3．What is the right order according to the text? a. Sherry created “My Class Economy” activity. b. Students are much more active and responsible now. c. Sherry found some students weren’t active enough in class. d. Students can make game money and use it to buy many things. A．a-b-c-d B．b-a-d-c C．c-a-b-d D．c-a-d-b 4．Which words can best describe Sherry according to the text? A．Careless and impolite. B．Clever and creative. C．Brave and hard-working. D．Strict and traditional. 5．What can be the best title for the text? A．Classroom Jobs B．A Math Teacher C．A Real-life Lesson D．A Homework Pass 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了美国中学数学老师雪莉为解决学生课堂积极性不足的问题，创建了“我的课堂经济”特色活动，以及该活动的具体规则和带来的积极效果。 1．细节理解题。根据“After getting the game money, students can use it to buy many things, such as a homework pass, a seat change or a lunch in the classroom.”可知，学生可以用游戏币购买作业免做券、换座位或在教室吃午餐等。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“But if they do something bad, they will get a fine. For example, anyone who doesn’t listen to the teacher carefully will lose $3.”可知，学生做了不好的事情会受到“罚款”这样的惩罚，“fine”在此处意为“惩罚”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章脉络，“She found that some of her students were not active enough in class.”（雪莉发现部分学生课堂积极性不足）→“To solve this problem, she created a special activity called ‘My Class Economy’”（为解决问题，她创建“我的课堂经济”活动）→“they can make ‘game money’ by doing different jobs around the classroom... students can use it to buy many things”（学生可通过做课堂工作赚取游戏币并购买物品）→“Since the activity started... They are much more active and responsible.”（活动开展后，学生变得更积极负责），正确顺序为c-a-d-b。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据雪莉发现学生问题后，创新地设计“我的课堂经济”活动来激发学生积极性，还能同时教授数学知识和金钱价值，可知她既聪明又有创造力。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。根据“It’s a real-life lesson I always wanted to give!”可知，文章围绕雪莉设计的这一“真实生活课”展开，既解决了课堂问题，又传递了实用知识，“A Real-life Lesson”最适合作为标题。故选C。 With the fast development of technology, smart windows have become a great invention. Unlike traditional windows that only separate inside and outside, smart windows can change their color and how clear they are by themselves. They fit the changing outdoor environment without people’s frequent (频繁的) control. This makes our homes and offices more comfortable. Smart windows work well in hot summer. When the sun is too strong, they can find it and turn dark slowly. This blocks most strong sunlight and harmful UV rays. It stops the room from getting too hot and protects indoor furniture from fading. People can have a cooler room without using air conditioners too much. In cold winter, smart windows work differently. They become fully clear automatically, letting as much sunlight as possible into the room. Sunlight is a natural heat source (源头). It can make the room warm, so people don’t need to use heaters so often. This helps save energy, especially in places with long cold winters. Smart windows are also good for the environment because they save energy. They are easy to control: people can use a remote control or a phone app. Now, smart windows are used in many places, such as homes, offices and museums. In the future, they may have more new useful functions (功能). They will help build a greener and more comfortable living environment. 1．What is the main feature of smart windows? A．They can block all UV rays. B．They are made of stronger materials. C．They only separate the inside from the outside. D．They can change clearness and color by themselves. 2．Why can smart windows protect indoor furniture in summer? A．They can lower the room temperature quickly. B．They can clean the furniture surface automatically. C．They can reflect all the sunlight away from the room. D．They block harmful UV rays that cause furniture fading. 3．The underlined word “automatically” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A．by hand B．on its own C．with a phone’s help D．with others’ help 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Smart windows use more energy in winter. B．Smart windows are only used in high-end homes. C．Smart windows will have more new functions in the future. D．Smart windows will replace all traditional windows soon. 5．If smart windows can help save energy, who will benefit most? A．Doctors who need a clean place. B．Teachers who need a quiet place. C．Students who need good light to study. D．People who want to save money on electricity. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了智能窗户的工作原理、其在冬夏两季自动调节光线与温度以提升舒适度、保护家具及实现节能环保的优势，并展望了其未来的发展前景。 1．细节理解题。根据“Unlike traditional windows that only separate inside and outside, smart windows can change their color and how clear they are by themselves.”可知，智能窗户的主要特征是能自行改变透明度和颜色，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“This blocks most strong sunlight and harmful UV rays. It stops the room from getting too hot and protects indoor furniture from fading.”可知，智能窗户通过阻挡导致家具褪色的有害紫外线保护家具，故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“They fit the changing outdoor environment without people’s frequent control.”及前文智能窗户可自行调节的内容可知，“automatically”表示无需人为操作，即“独自、自动地”，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“In the future, they may have more new useful functions (功能).”可知，智能窗户未来会有更多新功能，故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据“save energy”及“people don’t need to use heaters so often”“without using air conditioners too much”可知，节能可减少电费支出，故选D。 These days, we don’t see people wearing hand-made cloth shoes very often. But long ago, they were part of people’s lives. It’s said that most people could not wear boots (靴子) during the Ming Dynasty. Because of this, cloth shoes became popular at that time, especially in Sichuan Province. Tangchang, a town in Chengdu, has been home to cloth shoemakers for 700 years. There are 32 steps to make a pair of Tangchang cloth shoes. Tangchang cloth shoes are good for both everyday wear and important events. They are friendly to the environment. You can wear them for a long time. Lai Shufang, born in Tangchang, is good at making cloth shoes. The 63-year-old has been making shoes for 40 years. Lai learned to make shoes at a factory after finishing high school. It took her three years to master all the skills. In 1998, Lai lost her job when the factory closed. However, she decided to open a small store to pass on her skills. Two years later, Lai really had her own shoe store. Her two younger sisters also joined her store. Lai’s hard work touched her son Ai Peng. In 2015, Ai decided to help his mother. He used Shu embroidery (蜀绣) and palm weaving (棕编) to make the cloth shoes look nicer. He also opened an online cloth shoe store. Now they sell about 10,000 pairs of shoes each year. Even President Xi Jinping bought a pair of shoes from their store. 1．Why did cloth shoes become popular during the Ming Dynasty? A．Because most people could not wear boots. B．Because they were easy to make and beautiful. C．Because they weren’t friendly to the environment. D．Because they were bad for both everyday wear and important events. 2．How old was Lai Shufang when she began to make shoes? A．20. B．23. C．40. D．63. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Lai Shufang had a shoe store in 1998. B．Everyone can make cloth shoes in the Ming Dynasty. C．It is easy to make a pair of Tangchang cloth shoes. D．Lai Shufang spent three years learning all the skills about making shoes. 4．The last paragraph is to show ________. A．how Ai Peng learned to make cloth shoes B．why Ai Peng sells cloth shoes online C．how Ai Peng helped increase the sales of cloth shoes D．why Ai Peng loved embroidery and palm weaving 5．What may be the structure (结构) of this passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了布鞋在明朝流行的背景、成都唐昌镇布鞋的传承历史，以及手工艺人赖淑芳制作布鞋、传承技艺，并在儿子艾鹏的帮助下创新推广的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“It’s said that most people could not wear boots (靴子) during the Ming Dynasty. Because of this, cloth shoes became popular at that time, especially in Sichuan Province.”可知，布鞋在明朝流行的原因是大多数人不能穿靴子。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“The 63-year-old has been making shoes for 40 years.”可知，这位63岁的老人已经做了40年鞋，因此她是在63-40=23岁开始做鞋。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“It took her three years to master all the skills.”可知，赖淑芳花了三年时间学习制作鞋子的所有技能。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读最后一段可知，本段展示了艾鹏是如何帮助增加布鞋销量的。故选C。 5．篇章结构题。第一段介绍布鞋在明朝流行的背景；第二段介绍唐昌镇布鞋的历史与特点；第三段、第四段和第五段讲述手工艺人赖淑芳的制鞋学习与开店经历，并在儿子艾鹏的帮助下创新推广。因此C项结构符合。故选C。 Kunming Changshui International Airport has improved its transfer (中转) services to make passengers’ journeys easier and more comfortable. From November 6th to December 31st, 2025, travelers from nine provinces: Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi (except Xi’an), Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning can enjoy free overnight stays when transferring through Kunming. If a passenger wants a single room, they need to pay extra for the room difference. Those who need this service can call 0871-67085991 to ask questions and book a room. The airport will check their travel plans. Besides free living service, the airport also offers airport free shuttle bus or subway rides to some key areas in the city, like the Green Lake and Nanping Street. This helps passengers save time and money while they enjoy Kunming’s nice places during their transfer. Since October 26, the check-in deadline (截止时间) for all flights to Shanghai has changed. Now passengers have 30 minutes to check in before the flights take off. It has 10 minutes less than before. But this only works for flights to Shanghai. For other domestic (国内的) flights, the check-in deadline is still 40 minutes before the planes take off. 1．Kunming Changshui International Airport has improved its transfer services to ________. A．help the travelers book rooms B．help the homeless people C．get much money D．make passengers’ journeys easier and more comfortable 2．The travelers from nine provinces can enjoy free overnight stays until ________. A．October 26th B．December 31st C．November 6th D．January 1st 3．People in ________ province can’t enjoy free overnight stays at Kunming Changshui International Airport? A．Hubei B．Xinjiang C．Qinghai D．Liaoning 4．The check-in deadline for all domestic flights except Shanghai is ________ before the plane take off. A．10 minutes B．20 minutes C．30 minutes D．40 minutes 5．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．The delicious food at Kunming Changshui International Airport. B．The airport free shuttle bus or subway rides to some key areas in Kunming. C．The transfer services has improved at Kunming Changshui International Airport. D．The check-in deadline for all flights to Shanghai. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文昆明长水国际机场提升了中转服务。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Kunming Changshui International Airport has improved its transfer (中转) services to make passengers’ journeys easier and more comfortable.”可知，昆明长水国际机场提升中转服务是为了让乘客的旅行更轻松更舒适。选项D“让乘客的旅程更轻松、更舒适”符合此句的语境。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段“From November 6th to December 31st, 2025, travelers from nine provinces: Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi (except Xi’an), Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning can enjoy free overnight stays when transferring through Kunming.”可知，享受“free overnight stays”从2025年的11月6日到12月3日，也就是表达到2025年的12月31日为止。选项B“12月31日”符合此句的语境。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第一段“From November 6th to December 31st, 2025, travelers from nine provinces: Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi (except Xi’an), Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning can enjoy free overnight stays when transferring through Kunming.”可知，来自湖北省的旅客不能享受“free overnight stays”，选项“湖北”不符合此句的语境。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据结尾段“ But this only works for flights to Shanghai. For other domestic ( 国内的 ) flights, the check-in deadline is still 40 minutes before the planes take off.”可知，除了飞往上海的航班起飞前有30分钟的时间办理登机手续，比以前少了10分钟，对于其他国内航班，办理登机手续的时间仍然是飞机起飞前40分钟。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据本文的主题是讲述了昆明长水国际机场提升了中转服务，可知，选项C“昆明长水国际机场的转机服务有所改善。”符合本文的主题。故选C。 Jane Goodall, one of the world’s most famous animal scientists, passed away on October 1, 2025, at the age of 91. Yet her name will be remembered by future generations (后代). Born in England in 1934, Jane began to show a great interest in animals when she was a little girl. She loved to watch animals and read stories about them. This love continued and led her to go to Africa to study chimpanzees (黑猩猩) at the age of 26. In Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania, she did something no one had done before—sitting quietly and observing (观察) chimpanzees day after day. Jane’s work turned out to be a key to unlocking the secrets of chimpanzees. She discovered that chimpanzees were smart. They could use sticks as tools—a skill that people once thought only humans had. They could also show feelings as humans. They hugged when they were happy, comforted (安慰) each other when sad, and even cried for losing their loved ones. She then solved another big mystery—whether chimpanzees were strict vegetarians (素食者) or not. She followed them for months, and one day saw them eating meat from a dead animal. It broke the long-held idea that they only ate fruit and nuts. This is Jane Goodall, a woman with great achievements, who leaves her name in history by leading scientists and people to think again about their ideas on humans and nature. 1．When did Jane Goodall go to Africa? A．In 1930. B．In 1940. C．In 1950. D．In 1960. 2．How did Jane Goodall study chimpanzees? A．By hugging them. B．By using sticks as tools. C．By watching them. D．By reading stories about them. 3．Which of the following is NOT Jane’s discovery? A．Chimpanzees eat fruit and nuts. B．Chimpanzees have feelings. C．Chimpanzees can also eat meat. D．Chimpanzees can use tools. 4．How is the text organized? A． B． C． D． 5．Which is the best title of the passage? A．The Unforgettable Time in Africa B．What Jane Goodall Did to Protect the Earth C．How Jane Goodall Changed Our Opinions of the World D．The Woman Who Solved the Mysteries of Chimpanzees 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了简·古道尔对黑猩猩的研究，包括她的研究过程、发现以及这些发现对人们认知的影响，重点在于她解开了黑猩猩的诸多谜团。 1．细节理解题。根据“Born in England in 1934...at the age of 26.”可知，简·古道尔出生于1934年，26岁时去非洲，1934 + 26 = 10，所以她10年去非洲。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“In Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania, she did something no one had done before—sitting quietly and observing (观察) chimpanzees day after day.”可知，简·古道尔是通过观察黑猩猩来研究它们的。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“She discovered that chimpanzees were smart. They could use sticks as tools...They could also show feelings as humans...She followed them for months, and one day saw them eating meat from a dead animal.”可知，简发现黑猩猩聪明、有感情、能吃肉、会使用工具，而“黑猩猩吃水果和坚果”不是她独有的发现，且文中提到她打破了黑猩猩只吃水果和坚果的传统观念。故选A。 4．篇章结构题。第一段先介绍珍·古道尔的逝世和影响，第二三段讲述她去非洲研究黑猩猩，然后阐述她的研究发现，最后一段总结她的成就及影响，故选B。 5．最佳标题题。文章主要讲述了简·古道尔对黑猩猩的研究，包括她的研究过程、发现以及这些发现对人们认知的影响，重点在于她解开了黑猩猩的诸多谜团。故选D。 It can be embarrassing (使人害羞的) if someone sees you talking to yourself. But don’t feel bad about it! In fact, talking to yourself has a lot of advantages (优点). Talking to yourself loud is like showing your quiet inner (内在的) speech. When you speak out, it is like you make it real. It can help you do better in different areas like school, sports and work. Talking to yourself, especially in the third person, can help you manage bad feelings. Jason Moser, an expert from the US, does not like flying. But he has to fly often because of his work. So when he is feeling nervous or afraid on the plane, he talks to himself, “Well, Jason knows air travel is very safe.” And it really helps. When encouragement comes from yourself, it adds self-confidence (自信心). A study invited tennis players to take part in games. Researchers put them into two groups: one group said nothing while playing, and the other talked to themselves while playing. They found that the self-talkers showed more confidence and played better. Self-talk also helps to improve memory. Researchers tested four different ways to memorize things: reading silently, reading aloud, listening to others read and listening to a record of reading. The result showed those who read aloud remembered the information the best. 1．Talking to yourself loud is good for you in ________. a. School. b. Shopping. c. Work. d. Sports. A．a, b, c B．a, b, d C．b, c, d D．a, c, d 2．In paragraph 3, what does Jason Moser say to himself on a plane? A．I’m afraid. B．I feel nervous. C．Air travel is safe. D．Air travel helps me relax. 3．Which tennis group played better in the study? A．The group that kept silent while playing. B．The group that talked to themselves while playing. C．Two groups did as well as each other. D．They both did badly. 4．What’s the structure (结构) of the text? A． B． C． D． 5．What can be the best title of the text? A．The Reasons of Talking to Yourself B．The Advantages of Talking to Yourself C．The Influence of Talking to Yourself D．The Difference of Talking to Yourself 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了自言自语的好处，包括帮助在不同领域（如学校、工作、运动）表现更好、管理负面情绪、增强自信心以及提高记忆力等。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It can help you do better in different areas like school, sports and work.”可知，大声自言自语对学校、工作和运动都有好处。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“So when he is feeling nervous or afraid on the plane, he talks to himself, ‘Well, Jason knows air travel is very safe.’”可知，Jason Moser在飞机上对自己说“航空旅行很安全”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Researchers put them into two groups: one group said nothing while playing, and the other talked to themselves while playing. They found that the self-talkers showed more confidence and played better.”可知，在研究中，自言自语的网球选手组表现更好。故选B。 4．篇章结构题。根据文章第一段“In fact, talking to yourself has a lot of advantages (优点).”可知，第一段总述自言自语有很多优点；第二段到第五段分别从不同方面（学校、工作、运动、管理负面情绪、增强自信心、提高记忆力）具体阐述了自言自语的好处。所以文章结构为①/②③④⑤。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。根据文章第一段“In fact, talking to yourself has a lot of advantages (优点).”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了自言自语的好处，所以最佳标题为“The Advantages of Talking to Yourself”（自言自语的好处）。故选B。 Have you ever traveled to another country and found that people use their hands or bodies in ways you cannot understand? Body language, a form of non-verbal (非言语的) communication, varies greatly across different cultures. Understanding these differences can help us avoid misunderstandings. For example, the common “thumbs-up” gesture, which means “good job” or “okay” in many Western countries like the United States, is considered rude in some parts of the Middle East. Similarly, the “V for victory” sign is positive in America, but if you make it with your palm facing inward in the UK or Australia, it becomes an insult (侮辱). Nodding your head usually means “yes”, and shaking it means “no”, right? Not always! In Bulgaria and Greece, people often nod to mean “no” and shake their heads to mean “yes”. This can be very confusing (使困惑的) to visitors. Another important aspect is personal space. In countries like Mexico and Saudi Arabia, people tend to stand closer to each other during a conversation. However, in some European nations such as Germany and Sweden, people prefer more personal space and feel uncomfortable if others stand too close. Even something as simple as eye contact has different rules. In many Western cultures, looking someone in the eye shows confidence and honesty. But in some Asian cultures, like South Korea and Japan, prolonged eye contact can be seen as disrespectful or challenging, especially when talking to someone older or in a higher position. In conclusion, body language is a powerful but silent language. What is polite in one culture might be impolite in another. When we communicate with people from different backgrounds, being aware of these non-verbal cues is as important as learning their spoken language. 1．According to the passage, where is the “thumbs-up” gesture considered rude? A．In the United States. B．In some Middle Eastern countries. C．In Japan. D．In Germany. 2．If someone from Greece shakes their head while you are speaking, what are they most likely expressing? A．They are saying “yes”. B．They are feeling confused. C．They are feeling happy. D．They are saying “no”. 3．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To encourage people to travel more. B．To teach readers how to use specific gestures correctly. C．To discuss the different meanings of body language in various cultures. D．To explain why spoken language is more important than body language. 4．Why does the author mention personal space and eye contact in the passage? A．To suggest that Western ways are better. B．To argue that these are the most important parts of body language. C．To show that all cultures have the same rules for these behaviors. D．To give more examples of how non-verbal communication differs culturally. 5．What does the word “prolonged” most likely mean? A．Very serious. B．Lasting for a short time. C．Happening very often. D．Lasting for a long time. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了不同文化中肢体语言的差异及其重要性，并通过具体例子（如手势、点头/摇头、个人空间和眼神接触）说明这些差异可能导致误解。 1．细节理解题。根据“the common ‘thumbs-up’ gesture… is considered rude in some parts of the Middle East”可知，“竖大拇指”在中东部分地区被视为粗鲁行为。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“In Bulgaria and Greece, people often nod to mean ‘no’ and shake their heads to mean ‘yes’”可知，在希腊，摇头表示“是”。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文通过多个例子讨论不同文化中肢体语言的含义差异，如手势、点头/摇头、个人空间和眼神接触。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“Body language, a form of non-verbal (非言语的) communication, varies greatly across different cultures.”以及第4-5段提到个人空间和眼神接触是为了进一步补充说明非言语交流的文化差异。故选D。 5．词句猜测题。根据“But in some Asian cultures, like South Korea and Japan, prolonged eye contact can be seen as disrespectful or challenging, especially when talking to someone older or in a higher position.”可知，但在一些亚洲文化中，如韩国和日本，过久的眼神接触可能被视为不尊重或挑衅，尤其是在与年长者或地位较高的人交谈时，“prolonged”修饰“eye contact”，与“长时间的眼神接触”相关。故选D。 By now, more than half of the world’s people have lived in cities. How can we grow enough food for everyone without using too much land? The answer might be “vertical (垂直的) farms”. These are special buildings where plants are grown on shelves, one on top of another, like a tall food factory. This method enables food to be grown in the heart of the city, closer to where people live. Inside these farms, computers control everything to create the perfect growing conditions. They make sure the plants get the perfect amount of light, water, and plant food. Because the environment is perfectly controlled, plants grow faster and healthier than in traditional farms, and there are no pests (害虫) to ruin the crops. In Beijing, a new vertical farm opened in 2024. It can produce tons of fresh vegetables every year, right in the middle of the city, reducing the need for long-distance transportation. This way of farming uses 95% less water than normal farming because the water is recycled within the system. It also doesn’t need pesticides (杀虫剂), which are harmful chemicals that kill insects but can also pollute the environment and our food. Vertical farms can provide fresh food for city people all year round, even in winter when outdoor farming is impossible. It’s a smart and green way to feed our growing cities, making our food supply safer and more sustainable for the future. 1．What is the main challenge that vertical farms aim to solve? A．The lack of sunlight in cities. B．The high cost of building materials. C．Finding enough farmers to work in cities. D．Feeding a growing urban (城市的) population with limited land. 2．According to the passage, how do computers contribute to vertical farming? A．They cook the harvested vegetables. B．They build the shelves for the plants. C．They manage a good growing environment for plants. D．They sell the produce directly to customers online. 3．Which two major environmental advantages of vertical farming are mentioned? A．It uses more land and creates more jobs. B．It works only in summer and needs more trucks. C．It uses less electricity and produces more waste. D．It saves water and avoids the use of harmful pesticides. 4．The word “sustainable” in the last sentence probably means “________”. A．可持续的 B．过时的 C．昂贵的 D．短暂的 5．Which of the following best describes the structure of the passage? A．It tells a story about a farmer’s experience. B．It states a problem and then explains a solution. C．It compares different types of farms in detail. D．It argues against the use of traditional farming. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了垂直农场如何通过高效利用空间和资源解决城市人口增长带来的粮食供应问题，并分析了其环境优势和技术特点。 1．细节理解题。根据“How can we grow enough food for everyone without using too much land? The answer might be ‘vertical farms’.”可知，垂直农场旨在解决城市人口增长与土地有限的矛盾。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“computers control everything to create the perfect growing conditions… They make sure the plants get the perfect amount of light, water, and plant food.”可知，计算机的作用是管理植物生长环境。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“This way of farming uses 95% less water… It also doesn’t need pesticides”可知，两大环境优势是节水和避免使用有害农药。故选D。 4．词句猜测题。根据“It’s a smart and green way to feed our growing cities, making our food supply safer and more sustainable for the future.”可知，这是一种既智能又环保的方式来满足我们不断发展的城市对食物的需求，使我们的食物供应在未来更加安全和可持续，“sustainable”意为“可持续的”。故选A。 5．篇章结构题。文章首段提出城市粮食供应问题，后文通过垂直农场的运作方式、技术优势及环保效益逐步展开解决方案，属于“问题—解决方案”结构。故选B。 Scientists say that the earth is getting warmer and warmer. It’s not good news at all. If the villagers in the earth village don’t take any actions, the only home of us will be in danger. Study shows that “greenhouse effect” is the main cause of the climate change. In fact, the greenhouse is a good method to keep warm when the outside temperature is low. Thanks to the greenhouse, people can eat all kinds of vegetables all the year round. In a similar way, the air around the earth is like a huge blanket. It keeps the heat produced by the sun and prevents it from escaping. Several gases in the air are known as “greenhouse gases”. And the way in which they keep heat in the atmosphere is called the “greenhouse effect”. Without greenhouse gases, the earth would be 30 degrees colder and human life would disappear. However, in the past 150 years, we have been pouring too many of these gases into the earth’s atmosphere by burning too much coal and oil. The rapid increase in greenhouse gases is making the world warmer. The world’s temperature has already gone up by half a degree this century, and the sea level has risen by 10 centimeters. If the amount (数量) of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere doubles (加倍), there will probably be a rise in the earth’s temperature of between 1 and 4℃. This may seem a small increase, but it would be enough to cause great changes in geography and agriculture (农业). Large areas of the world would be under water while some areas would become dry and unable to produce crops. 1．“The only home” in paragraph one refers to “________”. A．the sun B．the earth C．all the countries D．the moon 2．Greenhouse gases ________. A．produce heat for the earth B．keep heat from running away from the earth C．make the earth cool D．provide heat for the earth 3．From the passage we can infer that ________. A．too many greenhouse gases can cause extremely (异常地）bad weather B．greenhouse gases are always helpful to us C．greenhouse gases are bad for us D．greenhouse gases have little effect on us 4．Which of the following may happen if we don’t take measures to control the amount of greenhouse gases? A．The earth will be too cold for the human beings to live on. B．Some island countries with low altitude in the oceans will disappear. C．People can produce more crops. D．Agriculture will have a better chance to develop. 5．According to the passage, we shouldn’t ________. A．control the burning of coal and oil B．control the number of cars C．increase the amount of carbon dioxide poured into the atmosphere D．burn any kinds of fuels which may produce carbon dioxide 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文介绍地球变暖的主因是温室效应，阐述其原理、气体过量排放的影响及气温上升带来的严重后果。 1．细节理解题。根据“Scientists say that the earth is getting warmer and warmer...the only home of us will be in danger.”可知，此处的唯一家园指的是地球，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“It keeps the heat produced by the sun and prevents it from escaping. Several gases in the air are known as ‘greenhouse gases’.”可知，温室气体能阻止地球的热量散失，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“The rapid increase in greenhouse gases is making the world warmer...cause great changes in geography and agriculture (农业).”可知，过量的温室气体会引发严重的地理和农业变化，由此可推断会导致极端恶劣天气，故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“If the amount (数量) of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere doubles (加倍)...Large areas of the world would be under water while some areas would become dry and unable to produce crops.”可知，不控制温室气体排放会导致海平面上升，低海拔岛国将会消失，故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“we have been pouring too many of these gases into the earth’s atmosphere by burning too much coal and oil. The rapid increase in greenhouse gases is making the world warmer.”可知，我们不应该增加排放到大气中的二氧化碳量，故选C。 The relationship between people and nature is really important for our health, but it’s not easy to understand. In the past 40 years, many studies have tried to see how we treat nature and whether it affects our health. To find this out, we need to learn from different things. This article will look at how people connect with nature and how that connection affects our health in different ways. First, the study of how living things change shows how people and nature fit together. For example, when people started farming (畜牧业) and could drink milk better, it shows that people and nature changed together. The study of the mind tells us that we like natural places from the start, and being in nature is good for our health. So, the link (联系) between people and nature is deep in our bodies and minds. Second, money-related studies show how people and nature are connected when it comes to money. As factories and industry grew, problems between people and nature got worse. We used too many resources (资源) and degraded the environment. These problems don’t just hurt nature; they also harm our health, especially for those who get sick easily because the environment isn’t fair to them. Finally, the idea of protecting the environment shows the power between people and nature. People can change nature, and nature can help or hurt our society. Ideas like using resources carefully and making the environment better show that people are starting to care more about protecting nature. This change in our thinking means we need to act to protect the environment to stay healthy in the long run. In short, the relationship between people and nature has many sides and is closely connected to our health. By putting ideas from different studies together, we can understand this relationship better and work for a healthier, more lasting future. 1．What example shows that people and nature changed together? A．People started to like natural places. B．People could drink milk better when starting farming. C．People built more factories. D．People began to protect the environment. 2．What does the underlined word “degraded” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Made…more enjoyable. B．Made…more valuable. C．Made…worse in quality. D．Made…larger in size. 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．It shows people’s power over nature. B．It has little to do with our health. C．It helps us understand our connection with nature. D．It only benefits nature but not society. 4．The structure (结构) of the text is __________. A． B． C． D． 5．What can be the best title for this text? A．The Study of Living Things B．The Power of People C．The Growth of Industry D．The Relationship Between People and Nature 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人与自然的关系对人类健康的重要性，并从生物变化研究、经济相关研究、环保理念三个角度分析了二者的联系，最后总结了这一关系的多面性及与健康的关联。 1．细节理解题。根据“For example, when people started farming (畜牧业) and could drink milk better, it shows that people and nature changed together.”可知，“人类开始养殖且能更好地饮用牛奶”这一例子，体现了人与自然共同变化。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“We used too many resources (资源) and degraded the environment. These problems don’t just hurt nature…”可知，我们使用了太多的资源，破坏了环境，这些问题伤害了自然，degraded“使……变差”的含义。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据“Finally, the idea of protecting the environment shows the power between people and nature... This change in our thinking means we need to act to protect the environment to stay healthy in the long run.”可知，该段通过环保理念说明人与自然的相互影响，帮助我们理解与自然的联系。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。文章第一段总述“人与自然的关系重要，本文将分析其对健康的影响”；第二、三、四段分别从不同角度分述二者的联系；第五段总结这一关系的多面性，A项符合。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。文章全文围绕“人与自然的关系”展开，分析其对健康的影响、不同角度的联系等，D项符合。故选D。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $