Unit 1 Face values(教材助读)-【优学精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册教用Word(外研版)

　Face values 教材原文助读1 ①psychologist [saI'kɒlədʒIst]n.[C]心理学家 psychology[saI'kɒlədʒi]n.[sing.]心理；[U]心理学　 social/child psychology社会/儿童心理学 psychological adj. 心理的；心理学的 ②accounting [ə'kaʊntIŋ] n．[U]会计 ③put vt.(以某种方式)说，表达 put it 表达，表述 as...puts it 正如……所说 ④plain­looking adj.相貌平平的 ⑤enlarge [In'lɑːdʒ] v. (使)增大，扩大 ⑥addicted adj.上瘾的； 入迷的　 ⑦boost [buːst] v．促进， 推动 boost one's confidence 增加某人的信心 boost profits/yields 提高利润/产量 ⑧a lack of self­confidence 缺乏自信 lack n．& v．缺乏，缺少 a lack of...缺乏/缺少…… lack sth.缺乏某物 ⑨a desire for 渴求；渴望 ⑩present [prI'zent] vt.(以某种方式)展现，表现 present a modern image 展现一个现代的形象 ⑪obtain [əb'teIn] vt. (尤指经努力)获得，赢得 ⑫pretend [prI'tend]v. 假装，装作 pretend to be...假装是…… ⑬tend to do sth.往往会做某事 ⑭misjudge [ˌmIs'dʒʌdʒ] v．对(人或情况)判断错误 ⑮identical [aI'dentIk(ə)l] adj.完全相同的；非常相似的 be identical to/with...与……完全相同 ⑯dormitory ['dɔːmIt(ə)ri]n.[C]寝室；学生宿舍 ⑰roommate ['ruːmmeIt] n．[C](尤指大学里的)室友 mate n．[C]同伴；同事；一同居住的人 ⑱register sb.for...给某人报名参加…… ⑲from head to toe从头到脚 ⑳makeover ['meIkəʊvə] n．[C，U](以新衣服、新发型等进行的)打扮，装扮 ㉑perceive [pə'siːv] vt.注意到，意识到，察觉到 ㉒external beauty 外在美 inner beauty 内在美 ㉓overlook[ˌəʊvə'lʊk]v.忽视，忽略 ㉔bother ['bɒðə] v. (使)苦恼 ㉕stare vi.盯着看 [辨析]stare/glare/glance stare尤指吃惊、害怕或深思地盯着看 glare 指怒目而视 glance 指匆匆一看或扫视 ㉖drive vt.迫使，驱使 drive sb.to do sth.迫使/驱使某人做某事 ㉗nothing but 只有， 只是，仅仅 ㉘attractive adj.有吸引力的；诱人的 ㉙skinny ['skIni] adj. 极瘦的，皮包骨的　 It's all about ME! “Me”．It's a small word with big meaning, and that meaning is as individual to each of us as the way we look. Through interviews, I was able to discover [1]what “me” means to other people, and how they have learnt to appreciate the beauty in themselves． Psychologist①， Dr Hart [1]此处为what和how引导的宾语从句，并列作discover的宾语。 Jade, 24, accounting② manager [2]As a song in Ugly Betty puts③ it, “It's a pretty person's world”．I understand this more than most, [3]as I have always been plain­looking④. I'm a girl who'd love to look good.Well, who wouldn't? So, [4]ever since I discovered selfie apps that could remove my freckles, enlarge⑤ my eyes and even slim my jawline, I have become addicted⑥. I [5]spend hours every day editing my selfies, posting them and eagerly checking my phone a hundred times for comments.Each “like” boosts my confidence⑦. Dad thinks I am a narcissist, but [6]what I say is that my pictures aren't hurting anyone, so who cares? [2]此处为as引导的非限制性定语从句，as意为“正如、就像”，指代整个主句。 [3]此处为as引导的原因状语从句，as意为“因为、由于”。 [4]此处为ever since引导的时间状语从句；其中“that could remove...my jawline”为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词selfie apps。 [5]此处为“spend time (in) doing sth.”结构，意为“花费时间做某事”。 [6]此处what I say为主语从句，what在从句中作say的宾语；that引导表语从句。 Dr Hart says： Obsessive online photo editing indicates a lack of self­confidence⑧ and a desire for⑨ attention. However, the image Jade presents⑩ to obtain⑪ the praise of others is false.People [7]who pretend⑫ to be someone they are not tend to⑬ misjudge⑭ themselves. [7]此处“who pretend...are not”为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词People；“they are not”为省略关系词that的定语从句，修饰先行词someone。 Anthony, 21, college student I never really cared about my appearance.[8] That's why I could never understand my sister, who has 17 lipsticks and can't decide which one to use every morning.I only used to have five identical⑮ pairs of trousers and five identical shirts.[9]When I first moved into my dormitory⑯ at college, this made my roommates⑰ quite confused as they saw me in the same clothes day after day. Last month they registered me for⑱ a TV programme, A New You. It felt bizarre at first. I didn't like being reviewed from head to toe⑲．But I was surprised at how good I looked after the makeover⑳！For the first time in my life I saw myself as a handsome and well­presented young man.At that moment, I perceived㉑ that external beauty㉒ isn't totally worthless. It can be an expression of our personalities，helping us make a good and positive impression on others. [8]本句为“That's why...”句型，意为“那就是……的原因。”；其中who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词my sister；该定语从句中“which one to use every morning”作decide的宾语。 [9]本句中When引导时间状语从句；as引导原因状语从句。 Dr Hart says： [10]It's true that inner beauty is very important, but external beauty shouldn't be completely overlooked㉓．It plays a part in the image we present to the world, and making an effort with your appearance can leave a positive first impression on others and boost your confidence. [10]此处It为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句。 Emma, 17, senior high school student Ever since I was little, I've been larger than other girls.For a long time, this really bothered㉔ me. People would stare㉕ at me because I was “big” and I hated the way I looked.My anxiety drove㉖ me to try every means possible to lose weight, including dieting and weight­loss pills, but this brought me nothing but㉗, pain and poor health.Everything changed when one day I came across the success story of a plus­size model，Tess Holliday. Although she's larger than most other models, she's really attractive㉘ and has the confidence to be herself—even in an industry full of beauty stereotypes. Her story changed my ideas about [11]what it means to be beautiful. I realised that my health, mental and physical, is the most important thing.Now I exercise a couple of times a week but just to keep fit. I mean, isn't it better that I'm large and happy, instead of skinny㉙ and unhealthy? [11]此处为what引导的宾语从句，作介词about的宾语；其中what在从句中作means的宾语；it为形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式to be beautiful。 Dr Hart says： I completely agree with Emma—being healthy is beautiful, and we should wear that beauty with confidence. [12]What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful, but happier, too! [12]本句中“What I really admire”为what引导的主语从句；“she has acknowledged...but happier, too”为省略that或in which的定语从句，其中“that good health...too”为that引导的宾语从句，“makes us more beautiful”为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。 都是关于“我”！ “我”。这个小小的字蕴含着十分丰富的含义。对我们来说，这个意义就像我们的外表一样是因人而异的。通过采访，我发现“我”对其他人意味着什么，以及他们是如何学会欣赏自己的美的。 心理学家，哈特博士 杰德，24岁，会计经理 正如《丑女贝蒂》中的歌词所唱，“这是一个美丽的人的世界”。我比大多数人更明白这一点，因为我一直相貌平平。我是个很想打扮得漂亮的女孩。好吧，谁不想呢？所以，自从我发现自拍软件可以祛除我的雀斑，放大我的眼睛，甚至让我的下颌轮廓变得纤细时，我就上瘾了。我每天花几个小时修我的自拍照，发布它们，并且频繁地打开手机，迫切地查看评论。每一个“赞”都增强了我的自信。爸爸认为我是个自恋狂，但我要说我的照片没有伤害任何人，所以谁在乎呢？ 哈特博士说： 沉迷于在线修图表明缺乏自信并渴求关注。然而，杰德为获得他人赞誉所呈现的形象是虚假的。假装成为别人的人往往会误判自己。 安东尼，21岁，大学生 我从不真正在乎自己的外表。那就是我永远无法理解我姐姐的原因，她有17支口红，然而每天早上都无法决定用哪一支。我以前只有五条一模一样的裤子和五件一模一样的衬衫。当我第一次搬进大学宿舍时，室友们看到我每天都穿着同样的衣服，这让他们很困惑。上个月，他们给我报名了一个电视节目《全新的你》。一开始(我)感觉很奇怪。我不喜欢被人从头到脚的审视。但是，一番收拾后，我对自己的良好形象感到惊讶！我人生中第一次看到自己成为一个英俊且风度翩翩的年轻人。那一刻，我意识到外在美并非一文不值。它可以表达我们的个性，帮助我们给他人留下良好且正面的印象。 哈特博士说： 内在美固然非常重要，但不应该完全忽略外在美。它在我们给世人呈现的形象中发挥着作用，注重外表能给别人留下正面的第一印象并增强你的自信。 艾玛，17岁，高中生 从小我的体格就比其他女孩大。在很长一段时间里，这着实困扰着我。人们会盯着我看，因为我是“大块头”，我讨厌我的样子。我的焦虑使得我尝试一切可能的方法去减肥，包括节食和吃减肥药，但这给我带来的只有痛苦和不健康。有一天，当我偶然发现超大码模特泰斯·霍丽迪成功的故事时，一切都改变了。尽管她比其他大多数模特体格都要大，但她确实很有吸引力，甚至在这个对美充满刻板印象的行业里，都有做自己的自信。她的故事改变了我对美意味着什么的看法。我意识到我的身心健康是最重要的事情。现在我一周锻炼几次，但只是为了保持健康。我的意思是，我又壮硕又快乐，而不是又瘦又不健康，这不是更好吗？ 哈特博士说： 我完全赞同艾玛——健康是美丽的，我们应该自信地流露出那种美丽。我真正钦佩的是她以这种方式承认健康不仅使我们更美丽，而且也使我们更快乐！ 教材原文助读2 ①capture vt.俘获，捕获 ②out of mercy出于仁慈/怜悯 mercy n．[U]仁慈，宽恕 ③be sentenced to death 被判死刑 sentence vt.判决，判刑 ④commit v．犯罪 ⑤in silence沉默地， 默默地 break the silence打破沉默 ⑥graceful ['ɡreIsf(ə)l] adj.优美的，优雅的 grace n．[U]优美，优雅 ⑦fresh adj.[熟词生义] 新的，不同的 ⑧defect [dI'fekt] n．[C] 缺点，缺陷，毛病 ⑨travel vi.[熟词生义] (目光)扫视，移动 ⑩knock knees n．[pl.] 膝外翻，X形腿 ⑪comprehension [ˌkɒmprI'henʃ(ə)n] n．[U] 理解(力) beyond one's comprehension某人无法理解；令某人费解 ⑫adjust to适应，习惯(to为介词) ⑬heartfelt ['hɑːtfelt] adj.衷心的，诚挚的 a heartfelt apology 真切的道歉 heartfelt sympathy/thanks由衷的同情/感谢 ⑭next to [熟词生义] 与……相比 ⑮accent ['æks(ə)nt] n. [C，U]口音 ⑯at the present moment 现在，此刻，目前 ⑰heartbreaking['hɑːtˌbreIkIŋ] adj.令人悲伤的 ⑱intently [In'tentli] adv. 专心地；一心一意地 intent adj.热切的； 专注的 ⑲attempt to do sth.试图做某事 ⑳repay [rI'peI] v．报答 repay sb.with sth.用某物报答某人 repay sb.for sth.报答某人某事 ㉑tenderness ['tendənIs] n．[U]柔情 tender adj.温柔的，亲切的 ㉒a point of honour事关名誉的事 ㉓keep/hold...at bay 不让……接近，防止 [文化采风] 《巴黎圣母院》(The Hunchback of Notre­Dame)是法国文学家维克多·雨果创作的长篇小说。小说描写了一个15世纪发生在法国的故事。巴黎圣母院副主教克罗德道貌岸然、蛇蝎心肠，先爱后恨，迫害吉卜赛女郎埃斯梅拉达。而面目丑陋却心地善良的敲钟人卡西莫多奋不顾身地去救处于危险中的埃斯梅拉达，并且不图任何回报，与克罗德的人物形象形成了鲜明的对比。小说歌颂了下层劳动人民的善良、友爱、舍己为人，反映了雨果的人道主义思想。 The Hunchback of Notre­Dame Published in 1831, The Hunchback of Notre­Dame tells a tragic story of events in Paris.Esmeralda's beauty means that many men fall in love with her.One such man sends the hunchback Quasimodo to kidnap Esmeralda. But Quasimodo fails and is captured① and tortured in public.Esmeralda hears his call for water，and steps forwards out of mercy②．She offers Quasimodo a drink of water, which saves him and also captures his heart.When Esmeralda is later sentenced to death③for a crime she did not commit④， Quasimodo rescues her from an angry crowd outside the Notre­Dame Cathedral.Esmeralda is safe from execution [1]as long as she stays inside the cathedral... [1]此处为as long as引导的条件状语从句，as long as意为“只要”。 Esmeralda and Quasimodo were still for several moments, as they considered their predicament in silence⑤， she so graceful⑥， he so repulsive. Every moment Esmeralda discovered some fresh⑦ defect⑧ in Quasimodo, as her glance travelled⑨ from his knock knees⑩ to his hunched back, from his hunched back to his single eye.[2] How anyone could be formed in such a way was beyond her comprehension⑪． [3]Yet there was so much melancholy and so much gentleness spread over all this that she gradually adjusted to⑫ it. [2]此处为how引导的主语从句。 [3]本句为there be句型，其中包含“so...that...”结构。 He was the first to break the silence. “So you were telling me to return？” She moved her head, and said, “Yes.” He understood the motion of the head. “But！” he said, [4]as though hesitating whether to finish, “I am—I am deaf.” [4]此处在句中作方式状语，相当于as though he was hesitating whether to finish。 “Poor wretch！” exclaimed Esmeralda, with an expression of heartfelt⑬ compassion. He began to smile sadly. “[5]You suppose that was all that I was missing, do you not？Yes, I am deaf, that is the way I am made. It is horrible, is it not, next to⑭ your exquisite beauty！” [5]本句中“that was...missing”为省略that引导词的宾语从句，其中第一个that在宾语从句中作主语；而“that I was missing”为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词all，先行词为不定代词，关系代词不能用which。 [6]There lay in the accents⑮ of the unfortunate man so significant an awareness of his sadness that she had not the strength to utter a syllable.In any case, he would not have heard her.He continued： [6]本句为“There＋不及物动词＋主语”句型，其中lay为表示“存在”意义的词；“so significant...syllable”为“so...that...”结构，引导结果状语从句。 [7]“Never have I viewed my ugliness as at the present moment⑯．When I compare myself to you, I feel an immense pity for myself, poor unfortunate monster that I am！Be honest, to you I must resemble some savage creature.You, you are a ray of sunshine, a drop of dew, a birdsong, whilst I am something terrible, neither human nor beast. I don't know what I am, as I am coarser, more downtrodden, and plainer than a pebble！” [7]本句中否定副词Never置于句首，句子用部分倒装；as在此处作介词，意为“像”。 Then he began to laugh, and that laugh was the most heartbreaking⑰ sound in the world. He continued： ,　　“Yes, I am deaf, but you shall talk to me with your hands [8]as my master talks to me, and then I shall quickly know your wishes from the movement of your lips, from your expression.” [8]此处为as引导的方式状语从句，as意为“按……的方式”。 “Well！” she smiled, “Explain to me why you rescued me.” He watched her intently⑱ while she was speaking. “I understand，” he replied. “You ask me why I rescued you.[9]You have forgotten an unfortunate person who attempted to⑲ kidnap you one night, this same person to whom you showed kindness when he was being punished.A drop of water and a little pity—that is more than I can repay⑳ with my life. You have forgotten that unfortunate soul, but he remembers it.” [9]本句为主从复合句。“who attempted...one night”为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词an unfortunate person；“to whom...being punished”为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词this same person(此处关系代词位于介词之后，故用whom而不用who)；其中包含when引导的时间状语从句。 She listened to him with profound tenderness㉑. A tear swam in the eye of Quasimodo, but did not fall. He seemed to make it a point of honour㉒ to keep it at bay㉓． (Adaptation from The Hunchback of Notre­Dame by Victor Hugo) 巴黎圣母院 《巴黎圣母院》出版于1831年，讲述了一个发生在巴黎的悲惨故事。埃斯梅拉达的美貌让许多男人爱上了她。有这样一个男人派驼背的卡西莫多去绑架埃斯梅拉达。但卡西莫多失败了，被抓了起来并当众遭受酷刑。埃斯梅拉达听到他要水喝，出于仁慈她走向前。她给了卡西莫多一杯水，这不仅救了他，还俘获了他的心。后来，当埃斯梅拉达因为莫须有的罪名被判死刑时，卡西莫多把她从圣母院大教堂外愤怒的人群中解救出来。埃斯梅拉达只要待在教堂里就能免于处决…… 埃斯梅拉达和卡西莫多静止了片刻，默默地考虑他们的困境，她那么优雅，他那么令人厌恶。她从他内扣的膝盖瞥到他的驼背，从他的驼背又瞥到他的独眼，每一刻埃斯梅拉达都能在卡西莫多身上发现新的缺陷。她无法理解，怎么会有人长成这样。但其全身上下散发着如此忧郁又如此温柔的气息，她渐渐地适应了。 他首先打破了沉默。“所以你要告诉我回来？” 她动了动头说：“是的。” 他看懂了头的动作，“但是！”他说，好像在犹豫是否要说完，“我是——我是聋的。” “可怜的家伙！”埃斯梅拉达喊道，流露出由衷的同情。 他开始苦笑。 “你以为那就是我缺失的全部，对吗？是的，我是聋的，我就是这样被创造的。它是可怕的，是不是，在你的国色天香面前！” 这个不幸的男人口中透露出如此强烈的悲伤意识，这使她连一个音节也没有力气说出来。无论如何，他都听不到她的话。他接着说： “我从没有像现在这样看待过自己的丑陋。当我拿自己跟你比较的时候，我感觉自己特别可怜，我是一个可怜的不幸的怪物！老实说，对你来说，我一定像个野人。你，你是一缕阳光，一滴露珠，一声鸟鸣，而我是可怕的东西，不人不鬼。我不知道我是什么，因为我比卵石还要粗糙，还要遭人践踏，还要普通！” 然后他开始大笑，那笑声是世界上最令人心碎的声音。他接着说： “是的，我是聋的，但是你可以借助你的双手像我的主人那样对我说话，然后我会从你嘴唇的动作、你的表情中快速知道你的想法。” “好吧！”她笑了，“向我解释你为什么救我。” 她说话时，他目不转睛地看着她。 “我明白，”他回答。“你问我为什么救你。你忘记了一个晚上企图绑架你的那个不幸的人，这个人就是你在他受到惩罚时对他施以仁慈的人。一滴水和一点点同情——这是我用生命都无法报答的。你已经忘记了那个不幸的灵魂，但他记得。” 她深情地听他说着。一滴眼泪在卡西莫多的眼睛里转动，但没有掉下来。他似乎把抑制住它当作一种荣誉。 (改编自维克多·雨果的《巴黎圣母院》) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $