Unit 3 The world at one click 一般现在时和现在完成时(语法讲解+分层精练）-2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

Unit 3 The world at one click （一般过去时和现在完成时） (语法讲解+分层练习） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一）核心概念区分 1 （二）时间标志词匹配 2 （三）结构形式差异 2 二、30道中考真题练习 3 （一）时间标志词辨析（1-10题，基础） 3 （二）概念和语境辨析（11-20题，提升） 4 （三）综合易错辨析（21-30题，难点） 5 一、语法讲解 （一）核心概念区分 时态 核心概念 一般过去时 表示过去某个具体时间发生的、已结束的动作/状态，与现在无关联。 现在完成时 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响/结果，或动作从过去持续到现在，与现在有紧密关联。 （二）时间标志词匹配 一般过去时（专属标志，表具体过去时间） yesterday、last+时间（last week/year）、...ago（three days ago）、in+过去年份（in 2020）、just now、then、at that time 现在完成时（专属标志，表与现在关联的时间） already、yet、just、ever、never、before、so far、up to now、till/until now、for+时间段、since+时间点/过去时句子 可共用标志（需结合语境判断） recently、lately、these days（表过去具体动作用一般过去时；表对现在影响/持续用现在完成时） （三）结构形式差异 一般过去时 1. 肯定句：主语+动词过去式（规则+ed/不规则变形） 例：He played football yesterday. 2. 否定句：主语+didn't+动词原形 例：He didn't play football yesterday. 3. 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形？ 答：Yes, 主语+did./No, 主语+didn't. 例：—Did he play football yesterday? —Yes, he did. 现在完成时 1. 肯定句：主语+have/has+动词过去分词（I/you/we/they用have；he/she/it用has） 例：He has played football for an hour. 2. 否定句：主语+haven't/hasn't+动词过去分词 例：He hasn't played football for an hour. 3. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词？ 答：Yes, 主语+have/has./No, 主语+haven't/hasn't. 例：—Has he played football for an hour? —Yes, he has. 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词？ 例：How long has he played football? 关键变形：现在完成时接for/since时，非延续性动词需转化为延续性形式（如buy→have，leave→be away），一般过去时无此限制。 二、30道中考真题练习 （一）时间标志词辨析（1-10题，基础） 1. —When ______ you ______ the new bike? —Last week. A. do; buy B. did; buy C. have; bought D. will; buy 答案：B 解析：last week是一般过去时标志，疑问句用Did+主语+动词原形。 2. I ______ already ______ my homework. Let’s go out to play. A. have; finish B. have; finished C. did; finish D. will; finish 答案：B 解析：already是现在完成时标志，结构为have/has+过去分词，finish过去分词为finished。 3. She ______ in Shanghai two years ago. Now she ______ in Beijing. A. lived; lives B. has lived; lived C. lives; has lived D. lived; has lived 答案：A 解析：two years ago是一般过去时，lived；now表现在状态，用一般现在时lives。 4. —Have you ______ been to Xi’an? —No, never. A. ever B. already C. just D. yet 答案：A 解析：ever用于现在完成时疑问句，表“曾经”；never与ever呼应，yet用于否定句/疑问句末尾。 5. They ______ the Great Wall last Sunday and had a good time. A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. will visit 答案：B 解析：last Sunday是一般过去时标志，用动词过去式visited。 6. So far, we ______ more than 1,000 English words. A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. will learn 答案：C 解析：so far是现在完成时标志，结构为have+learned（we为复数）。 7. He ______ his keys just now, so he can't open the door. A. lost B. loses C. has lost D. will lose 答案：A 解析：just now是一般过去时标志，用lose的过去式lost。 8. —Has she finished her work ______? —Yes, she has ______ finished it. A. yet; already B. already; yet C. yet; yet D. already; already 答案：A 解析：yet用于现在完成时疑问句末尾，already用于肯定句中。 9. In 2019, my family ______ to Guangzhou and settled down there. A. move B. moved C. has moved D. moves 答案：B 解析：in 2019是过去具体年份，用一般过去时moved。 10. We ______ not ______ the film Avatar yet. We want to watch it this weekend. A. have; seen B. did; see C. will; see D. are; seeing 答案：A 解析：yet用于现在完成时否定句，结构为haven't+seen。 （二）概念和语境辨析（11-20题，提升） 11. —Why do you know so much about the story? —I ______ it many times. A. read B. have read C. will read D. am reading 答案：B 解析：“读了很多次”是过去动作对现在的影响（现在了解故事），用现在完成时。 12. I ______ this book for a month. I have to return it to the library. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept 答案：D 解析：for a month表持续，用现在完成时；borrow是非延续性动词，转化为keep，过去分词kept。 13. —How was your trip to Qingdao? —Great! We ______ many beautiful photos there. A. take B. took C. have taken D. are taking 答案：B 解析：问句用一般过去时，问过去旅行的情况，答句动作发生在过去，用took。 14. My father ______ in Beijing for 20 years. He knows the city very well. A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. will live 答案：B 解析：for 20 years表动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时，对现在的影响是“很了解北京”。 15. He ______ the window just now. The room is bright now. A. opens B. opened C. has opened D. will open 答案：B 解析：just now表过去具体动作，用一般过去时opened；后句是动作的结果，不影响时态选择。 16. —______ you ______ your breakfast? —Yes, I ______ it at 7:00. A. Have; had; had B. Did; have; have C. Have; had; have D. Did; have; had 答案：A 解析：第一空问“是否吃过早饭”（对现在影响：不饿），用现在完成时；第二空at 7:00是具体过去时间，用一般过去时had。 17. She ______ English since she was 5 years old. She can speak it very well. A. learns B. learned C. has learned D. will learn 答案：C 解析：since+过去时句子，用现在完成时，表动作从5岁持续到现在。 18. I ______ him three times, but he still doesn't remember my name. A. tell B. told C. have told D. will tell 答案：C 解析：“告诉过三次”是过去动作对现在的影响（仍不记得），用现在完成时。 19. They ______ a party last night. All of them had a great time. A. have B. had C. have had D. will have 答案：B 解析：last night是一般过去时标志，用have的过去式had。 20. —Is Tom at home? —No, he ______ to the library. He ______ there an hour ago. A. has gone; went B. has been; went C. went; has gone D. went; has been 答案：A 解析：第一空“去了图书馆还没回”，用has gone to；第二空an hour ago是一般过去时，用went。 （三）综合易错辨析（21-30题，难点） 21. Which sentence is CORRECT? A. I have met her yesterday. B. He didn't finish his homework yet. C. We have lived here since 2010. D. She has left for Shanghai last week. 答案：C 解析：A现在完成时不能与yesterday连用，改met；B yet用现在完成时，改hasn't finished；D现在完成时不能与last week连用，改left；C since+时间点，现在完成时用法正确。 22. —How long ______ you ______ in this school? —Since I ______ 12 years old. A. have; been; was B. did; be; was C. have; been; am D. did; be; am 答案：A 解析：how long提问持续时间，用现在完成时have been；since后接一般过去时，用was。 23. I ______ my pen everywhere, but I still can't find it. A. look for B. looked for C. have looked for D. will look for 答案：C 解析：“到处找笔”是过去开始的动作，持续到现在且结果是“没找到”，用现在完成时。 24. He ______ a member of the football club since he ______ the school. A. is; entered B. was; enters C. has been; entered D. has become; enters 答案：C 解析：since+过去时句子（entered），主句用现在完成时；become是非延续性动词，转化为be，过去分词been。 25. —When ______ the old bridge ______? —Last year. And a new one ______ now. A. did; pull down; is being built B. was; pulled down; is being built C. has; been pulled down; builds D. was; pulled down; builds 答案：B 解析：第一空“桥被拆”是过去被动，last year用一般过去时被动was pulled down；第二空now表“正在被建”，用现在进行时被动is being built。 26. We ______ Nanjing many times, so we know the places of interest well. A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. will visit 答案：C 解析：“去过很多次”是过去动作对现在的影响（了解景点），用现在完成时。 27. —Did you see Mr. Li yesterday? —No, I ______ him for a long time. A. haven't seen B. didn't see C. won't see D. don't see 答案：A 解析：“很久没见”是从过去持续到现在的状态，用现在完成时，与问句的过去时间无冲突。 28. She ______ her hometown when she was 18, and she ______ back since then. A. left; hasn't been B. leaves; isn't C. has left; hasn't been D. left; wasn't 答案：A 解析：when she was 18是过去时间，用left；since then表“从那以后到现在”，用现在完成时hasn't been（be back是延续性，leave是非延续性）。 29. The little boy ______ three English songs since he ______ to school. A. learned; went B. has learned; goes C. has learned; went D. learned; goes 答案：C 解析：since后接一般过去时（went），主句用现在完成时（has learned），表从上学到现在学了三首歌。 30. —______ you ______ the new museum? —Not yet. We plan to go there this weekend. A. Do; visit B. Did; visit C. Have; visited D. Will; visit 答案：C 解析：Not yet是现在完成时否定回答的标志，疑问句用Have+主语+visited。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 The world at one click （一般过去时和现在完成时） (语法讲解+分层练习） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一）核心概念区分 1 （二）时间标志词匹配 1 （三）结构形式差异 2 二、30道中考真题练习 2 （一）时间标志词辨析（1-10题，基础） 2 （二）概念和语境辨析（11-20题，提升） 3 （三）综合易错辨析（21-30题，难点） 4 一、语法讲解 （一）核心概念区分 时态 核心概念 一般过去时 表示过去某个具体时间发生的、已结束的动作/状态，与现在无关联。 现在完成时 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响/结果，或动作从过去持续到现在，与现在有紧密关联。 （二）时间标志词匹配 一般过去时（专属标志，表具体过去时间） yesterday、last+时间（last week/year）、...ago（three days ago）、in+过去年份（in 2020）、just now、then、at that time 现在完成时（专属标志，表与现在关联的时间） already、yet、just、ever、never、before、so far、up to now、till/until now、for+时间段、since+时间点/过去时句子 可共用标志（需结合语境判断） recently、lately、these days（表过去具体动作用一般过去时；表对现在影响/持续用现在完成时） （三）结构形式差异 一般过去时 1. 肯定句：主语+动词过去式（规则+ed/不规则变形） 例：He played football yesterday. 2. 否定句：主语+didn't+动词原形 例：He didn't play football yesterday. 3. 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形？ 答：Yes, 主语+did./No, 主语+didn't. 例：—Did he play football yesterday? —Yes, he did. 现在完成时 1. 肯定句：主语+have/has+动词过去分词（I/you/we/they用have；he/she/it用has） 例：He has played football for an hour. 2. 否定句：主语+haven't/hasn't+动词过去分词 例：He hasn't played football for an hour. 3. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词？ 答：Yes, 主语+have/has./No, 主语+haven't/hasn't. 例：—Has he played football for an hour? —Yes, he has. 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词？ 例：How long has he played football? 关键变形：现在完成时接for/since时，非延续性动词需转化为延续性形式（如buy→have，leave→be away），一般过去时无此限制。 二、30道中考真题练习 （一）时间标志词辨析（1-10题，基础） 1. —When ______ you ______ the new bike? —Last week. A. do; buy B. did; buy C. have; bought D. will; buy 2. I ______ already ______ my homework. Let’s go out to play. A. have; finish B. have; finished C. did; finish D. will; finish 3. She ______ in Shanghai two years ago. Now she ______ in Beijing. A. lived; lives B. has lived; lived C. lives; has lived D. lived; has lived 4. —Have you ______ been to Xi’an? —No, never. A. ever B. already C. just D. yet 5. They ______ the Great Wall last Sunday and had a good time. A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. will visit 6. So far, we ______ more than 1,000 English words. A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. will learn 7. He ______ his keys just now, so he can't open the door. A. lost B. loses C. has lost D. will lose 8. —Has she finished her work ______? —Yes, she has ______ finished it. A. yet; already B. already; yet C. yet; yet D. already; already 9. In 2019, my family ______ to Guangzhou and settled down there. A. move B. moved C. has moved D. moves 10. We ______ not ______ the film Avatar yet. We want to watch it this weekend. A. have; seen B. did; see C. will; see D. are; seeing （二）概念和语境辨析（11-20题，提升） 11. —Why do you know so much about the story? —I ______ it many times. A. read B. have read C. will read D. am reading 12. I ______ this book for a month. I have to return it to the library. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept 13. —How was your trip to Qingdao? —Great! We ______ many beautiful photos there. A. take B. took C. have taken D. are taking 14. My father ______ in Beijing for 20 years. He knows the city very well. A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. will live 15. He ______ the window just now. The room is bright now. A. opens B. opened C. has opened D. will open 16. —______ you ______ your breakfast? —Yes, I ______ it at 7:00. A. Have; had; had B. Did; have; have C. Have; had; have D. Did; have; had 17. She ______ English since she was 5 years old. She can speak it very well. A. learns B. learned C. has learned D. will learn 18. I ______ him three times, but he still doesn't remember my name. A. tell B. told C. have told D. will tell 19. They ______ a party last night. All of them had a great time. A. have B. had C. have had D. will have 20. —Is Tom at home? —No, he ______ to the library. He ______ there an hour ago. A. has gone; went B. has been; went C. went; has gone D. went; has been （三）综合易错辨析（21-30题，难点） 21. Which sentence is CORRECT? A. I have met her yesterday. B. He didn't finish his homework yet. C. We have lived here since 2010. D. She has left for Shanghai last week. 22. —How long ______ you ______ in this school? —Since I ______ 12 years old. A. have; been; was B. did; be; was C. have; been; am D. did; be; am 23. I ______ my pen everywhere, but I still can't find it. A. look for B. looked for C. have looked for D. will look for 24. He ______ a member of the football club since he ______ the school. A. is; entered B. was; enters C. has been; entered D. has become; enters 25. —When ______ the old bridge ______? —Last year. And a new one ______ now. A. did; pull down; is being built B. was; pulled down; is being built C. has; been pulled down; builds D. was; pulled down; builds 26. We ______ Nanjing many times, so we know the places of interest well. A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. will visit 27. —Did you see Mr. Li yesterday? —No, I ______ him for a long time. A. haven't seen B. didn't see C. won't see D. don't see 28. She ______ her hometown when she was 18, and she ______ back since then. A. left; hasn't been B. leaves; isn't C. has left; hasn't been D. left; wasn't 29. The little boy ______ three English songs since he ______ to school. A. learned; went B. has learned; goes C. has learned; went D. learned; goes 30. —______ you ______ the new museum? —Not yet. We plan to go there this weekend. A. Do; visit B. Did; visit C. Have; visited D. Will; visit 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $