Unit 1 Growing up(教材助读)-【优学精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册教用Word(外研版)

　Growing up 教材原文助读1 ①turn linking verb [熟词生义] 到达，超过(某一年龄或时间) ②mark vt.标志，成为……的征兆 ③adulthood ['ædʌlthʊd] n．成年 a child reaching adulthood 一个即将成年的孩子 ④milestone ['maIlstəʊn] n.重大事件，里程碑；重要阶段 [同义词] landmark n.(标志重要阶段的)里程碑 ⑤in charge of 负责，掌管 in the charge of...由……负责 ⑥election [I'lekʃ(ə)n] n．选举 elect [I'lekt] vt.选举，推选 general election大选，普选 ⑦wage [weIdʒ] n．(按小时、日或周计算的)工资，薪金 earn a wage 挣工资 ⑧tax [tæks] n．税 pay taxes 纳税 ⑨have a say 有发言权 say n．[熟词生义] 决定权，发言权　 ⑩very adj. [熟词生义](特指人或事物)正是的，恰好的，同一的　 ⑪behind the wheel在驾驶汽车 ⑫involve vt.牵涉，牵连 ⑬the legal age法定年龄 legal ['liːɡ(ə)l] adj.合法的 [反义词] illegal [I'liːɡl] adj.不合法的，非法的，违法的　 ⑭instantly ['Instəntli] adv.立即，马上 instant adj.立即的，立刻的；方便的，速溶的　 ⑮close the door on...使……不可能，拒……于门外，把……的门堵死 ⑯childhood ['tʃaIldhʊd] n．童年，儿童时代 childhood memories/ experiences童年的回忆/经历 ⑰attend vt.定期去，经常去 vt.& vi.参加，出席 ⑱subtle ['sʌtl] adj.难以察觉的；微妙的 ⑲gradual ['ɡrædʒuəl] adj. 逐渐的，逐步的 ⑳selfish ['selfIʃ] adj.自私的 [反义词] selfless adj.无私的 ㉑to give an example举个例子，例如 ㉒sign an organ donation agreement签署一份器官捐献协议 sign [saIn] vt.& vi.签(名)，署(名)；签字 ㉓approve [ə'pruːv] v．赞成，同意 [反义词] disapprove v．不赞成，不同意 approval [ə'pruːvl] n．赞成，同意 ㉔contact ['kɒntækt] vt.联系，联络(如用电话或信件) n.(尤指经常的)联系，联络 ㉕no doubt 毫无疑问；无疑地；很可能地 ㉖at some point 在某一时刻 ㉗currently ['kʌrəntli] adv. 目前，当前 ㉘a steady income 一份稳定的收入 steady ['stedi] adj.稳定的 ㉙tempt [tempt] v．诱惑，引诱 tempt sb.to do sth.引诱某人做某事 ㉚assume [ə'sjuːm] vt.认为；假定，假设 ㉛librarian [laI'breəriən] n．图书馆管理员 ㉜household bills 家庭账单 household ['haʊshəʊld] adj.家庭的 ㉝commute [kə'mjuːt] n. 每天上班的路程 ㉞deposit [dI'pɒzIt] n. [usually sing.] 订金 pay a deposit (on...)付(……的)订金 ㉟feel ready to do...准备好做…… ㊱commitment [kə'mItmənt] n．投入，花费；承诺，许诺；献身 make a commitment做出承诺 The Age of Majority In most countries, [1]turning① 18 marks② the start of adulthood③. But what does reaching this milestone④， the age of majority, really mean？Will you be completely in charge of⑤ your own life and able to express yourself in new and exciting ways？What new responsibilities will this freedom bring？Here, three young people tell us [2]what turning 18 means, or meant, to them． [1]此处为动词-ing形式turning 18作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 [2]此处为what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语。 Bethany 16, Victoria, Australia I can't wait to be 18. One reason is that although I've been working [3]ever since leaving school, I won't be voting in the next general election⑥．Why？Because I still won't be old enough. Surely, if you're old enough to earn a wage⑦ and pay taxes⑧， you should be allowed to have a say⑨ on how the government spends them! I've also been taking driving lessons, and in fact I will be taking my driving test on the very⑩ day I turn 18. My mum worries about me being behind the wheel⑪．As an ambulance driver, she's seen a lot of car accidents [4]involving⑫ teenagers and thinks the legal age⑬ for getting a driving licence should be 21. But I think I'm already mature enough to understand [5]that driving a car also means taking responsibility for my life and the lives of other people． [3]此处“ever since leaving school”(＝ever since I left school)在句中作时间状语。 [4]此处为动词-ing形式作定语，其中“the legal age for getting a driving licence should be 21”是省略连接词that的宾语从句。 [5]此处为that引导的宾语从句，其中动词-ing形式driving a car作主语。 Lin Ning 19, Shanghai, China I celebrated my 18th birthday just before I went to university. I expected to feel instantly⑭ different, [6]as if I had closed the door on⑮ my childhood⑯ and stepped into a whole new adult world．But it wasn't like that. When I woke up the next day, there were still [7]rules to obey and lessons to attend⑰．In fact, the change has been more subtle⑱ and gradual⑲ [8]than I imagined. Instead of being the selfish⑳ teenager [9]I used to be, I have begun to feel more aware of other people and to develop a stronger sense of social responsibility. To give an example㉑， I will be signing an organ donation agreement㉒ this time tomorrow. This was a big decision for me and I made it without asking my parents (although I knew they would approve㉓) . Turning 18 also changed the way [10]that society viewed me．I was really surprised when a bank contacted㉔ me with a credit card offer. Of course, I would like to have more freedom with money and no doubt㉕ I will be getting a credit card at some point㉖ , but I currently㉗ don't have a steady income㉘ , [11]so getting a credit card might tempt㉙me to spend more money than I have! [6]此处为as if引导的方式状语从句，从句使用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的情况。 [7]此处为动词不定式to obey和to attend作后置定语，分别修饰名词rules和lessons。 [8]此处为than引导的比较状语从句。 [9]此处是省略关系代词的限制性定语从句，关系代词在定语从句中作表语。 [10]此处为that引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为the way；that可以替换为in which，也可以省略。 [11]此处为so作并列连词，连接两个并列分句，表示因果关系；动词-ing形式作主语。 Morgan 20, Florida, the US People say that 18 marks a new chapter in our lives, and [12]that we should become more independent. I used to believe this, but the reality for me has been very different. [13]I assumed㉚ I'd already have a well-paid job and that I'd be moving into a rented apartment as soon as I turned 18, but how wrong I was！My librarian's㉛ salary means that I'll be living at home with my parents for a while longer. Because I contribute to the household bills㉜ and my commute㉝ to work is quite expensive, I [14]find it hard to save any money. I'll be starting a new job next month, however, so maybe things will get easier. [15]I know I could get a bank loan to pay the deposit㉞ on my very own apartment, but I don't feel ready to㉟ make that kind of commitment㊱， and I do like my mom's cooking. I guess some responsibilities are more about attitude than age. [12]此处为that引导的宾语从句，作say的宾语，此处的that通常不可省略。一个动词后接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，第一个引导词that可以省略，第二个及第二个之后的引导词that通常不可省略。 [13]本句中but连接两个并列分句。第一个分句为主从复合句，I assumed为主句，assumed后接两个that引导的宾语从句，第一个that已省略；第二个宾语从句中，as soon as引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。第二个分句为how引导的感叹句。 [14]此处it作形式宾语，hard作宾语补足语，动词不定式短语to save any money作真正的宾语。 [15]本句为but连接的两个并列分句。在第一个并列分句中，“I could get...own apartment”为宾语从句，作know的宾语；在第二个并列分句中，and是并列连词，连接两个并列分句。do like是“do/does/did＋动词原形”结构，强调谓语动词。 法定成年年龄 在大多数国家，年满18岁就标志着成年了。然而步入成年这个重要阶段到底意味着什么呢？你会完全掌控自己的生活并能以激动人心的新方式来表情达意吗？这种自由会带来什么新责任？下面三位年轻人向我们讲述了18岁对他们而言意味着什么。 贝萨妮 16岁，澳大利亚维多利亚州 我真想快点儿18岁。一个原因是尽管我离开学校以后就一直在工作，但我还是不能在下一次大选中投票。为什么呢？因为我还不到年龄。当然，如果到了赚取工资和纳税的年龄，你就应该被允许对政府如何使用它们有发言权。我也在上驾驶课程，实际上，我要在18岁当天参加驾照考试。妈妈对我驾驶汽车很不放心。作为一名救护车司机，她见过很多涉及青少年的车祸，并且认为获得驾照的法定年龄应该是21岁。但我认为自己已经足够成熟了，能够明白驾驶汽车也意味着要对自己和他人的生命负责。 林宁 19岁，中国上海市 刚好在上大学之前，我庆祝了我的18岁生日。我原想着我会立刻有不同的感觉，就好像我关上了童年的大门，迈入一个全新的成人世界。但事实并非如此。第二天醒来时，我仍然要遵守规则和去上课。事实上，变化比我想象的更不明显，也更循序渐进。我不再是过去那个自私的少年，而是开始更加关注他人，并培养更为强烈的社会责任感。例如，明天的这个时候，我将签署器官捐献协议。这对我来说是一个重大的决定，我没有征求父母的意见就做出了这个决定(尽管我知道他们会同意的)。迈入18岁，改变了社会看待我的方式。当一家银行联系我，为我提供信用卡服务时，我非常惊讶。当然，我想在金钱方面拥有更多的自由，毫无疑问，我会在将来的某个时候办一张信用卡，但我目前没有稳定的收入，所以办一张信用卡可能会引诱我花更多的钱！ 摩根 20岁，美国佛罗里达州 人们常说，18岁标志着生活开启了新篇章，并且我们应该变得更加独立。我曾经也这样认为，但对我来说，现实远非如此。我曾以为自己(18岁时)会拥有一份高薪工作，并且一满18岁就要搬去租住的公寓里，但是我错了！图书馆管理员的工资意味着我还需和父母同住更长的一段时间。因为我要分担家庭开支，并且上班的通勤费也相当高，我发现很难存下来钱。不过，下个月我要开始一份新工作了，也许情况会有所好转。我知道我可以得到一笔银行贷款来支付自己公寓的订金，但我认为自己还没有准备好做出那种投入，而且我特别喜欢妈妈做的饭。我想有些责任更多地关乎态度，而非年龄。 教材原文助读2 ①magnificent adj.壮丽的，宏伟的；值得赞扬的 [同义词] splendid adj.壮丽的，雄伟的，豪华的，华丽的 ②primeval [praI'miːv(ə)l] adj.原始的，远古的 ③boa constrictor蟒蛇 ④in the act of...正在做…… ⑤swallow ['swɒləʊ] v．吞下，咽下 ⑥prey [preI] n．猎物 ⑦chew [tʃuː] v．咀嚼 ⑧through prep.自始至终，从头到尾　 ⑨digestion [daI'dʒestʃ(ə)n] n．消化(过程) have a good/poor digestion消化能力强/弱 ⑩ponder ['pɒndə] v．仔细考虑，深思 ponder over/about/on...仔细考虑…… [同义词] consider vt.& vi.(尤指决定前)考虑，细想 ⑪masterpiece ['mɑːstəpiːs] n．杰作 ⑫digest [daI'dʒest] v．消化(食物) ⑬lay aside 把……搁置一边 ⑭devote oneself to 致力于，献身于 ⑮arithmetic [ə'rIθmətIk] n．算术 ⑯disheartened [dIs'hɑːtnd] adj.沮丧的，灰心的 ⑰tiresome ['taIəs(ə)m] adj.烦人的，令人厌烦的 ⑱profession n．行业，职业 ⑲pilot v. [熟词生义] 驾驶(飞行器)，领航(船只) ⑳at a glance 一瞥，看一眼 ㉑distinguish v．区分，辨别；使著名，使出众 distinguish...from...区别……和……；使……有别于…… ㉒a great many 许多 ㉓encounter n．(意外、突然或暴力的)相遇，邂逅，遭遇，冲突 an encounter with...与……的相遇 an encounter between...and...……与……的相遇 a chance encounter偶然相遇 ㉔be concerned with关注；与……有关 ㉕consequence ['kɒnsIkwəns] n．后果 ㉖intimately ['IntəmItli] adv.亲密地；密切地 intimate adj.亲密的；密切的 intimate friends 密友 on intimate terms with sb.与某人关系密切 ㉗close at hand在附近，接近 ㉘clear-sighted adj.明白的，头脑清楚的；有眼光的 [构词法] clear-sighted是“形容词＋名词-ed形式”构成的复合形容词。结构类似的词还有absent-minded(心不在焉的)、good- tempered(脾气好的)等。 ㉙experiment n. [熟词生义]尝试，实践 ㉚golf [ɡɒlf] n．高尔夫球运动 ㉛politics ['pɒlItIks] n．政治 ㉜necktie ['nektaI] n．领带 [同义词] tie n．领带 ㉝be pleased to do sth.乐意做某事 The Little Prince Once when I was six years old I saw a magnificent① picture in a book, called True Stories from Nature, about the primeval② forest. It was a picture of a boa constrictor③ in the act of④ swallowing⑤ an animal. Here is a copy of the drawing. In the book it said：“Boa constrictors swallow their prey⑥ whole, without chewing⑦ it. After that they are not able to move, and they sleep through⑧ the six months that they need for digestion⑨．” I pondered⑩ deeply, then, over the adventures of the jungle. And after some work with a colored pencil I succeeded in making my first drawing. My Drawing Number One. It looked like this： I showed my masterpiece⑪ to the grown-ups, and asked them whether the drawing frightened them. But they answered: “Frighten? Why should anyone be frightened by a hat？” My drawing was not a picture of a hat. It was a picture of a boa constrictor [1]digesting⑫ an elephant．[2]But since the grown-ups were not able to understand it, I made another drawing：I drew the inside of the boa constrictor, so that the grown-ups could see it clearly. They always need to [3]have things explained．My Drawing Number Two looked like this： [1]此处为动词-ing形式在句中作定语，修饰a boa constrictor。 [2]本句中since引导原因状语从句；so that引导状语从句。 [3]此处为“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。have是使役动词，意为“使……”。 The grown-ups' response, this time, was to advise me to lay aside⑬ my drawings of boa constrictors, whether from the inside or the outside, and devote myself instead to⑭ geography, history, arithmetic⑮ and grammar. [4]That is why, at the age of six, I gave up what might have been a magnificent career as a painter. I had been disheartened⑯ by the failure of my Drawing Number One and my Drawing Number Two. Grown-ups never understand anything by themselves, and [5] it is tiresome⑰ for children to be always and forever explaining things to them． [4]本句中why引导表语从句；从句中包含what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作主语。 [5]此处为“it is＋adj.＋(for sb.) to do sth.”结构，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。 So then I chose another profession⑱， and learned to pilot⑲ airplanes. I have flown a little over all parts of the world; and it is true that geography has been very useful to me. At a glance⑳ I can distinguish㉑ China from Arizona. If one gets lost in the night, such knowledge is valuable. In the course of this life, I have had a great many㉒ encounters㉓ with a great many people who have been concerned with㉔ matters of consequence㉕． I have lived a great deal among grown-ups. I have seen them intimately㉖ , [6]close at hand㉗. And that hasn't much improved my opinion of them. [6]此处为副词短语，在句中作状语。 　　[7]Whenever I met one of them who seemed to me at all clear-sighted㉘， I tried the experiment㉙ of showing him my Drawing Number One, which I have always kept.[8]I would try to find out, so, if this was a person of true understanding.But, [9]whoever it was, he, or she, would always say： “That is a hat.” [7]本句中Whenever引导时间状语从句；从句中包含who引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为them；主句中包含which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为my Drawing Number One。 [8]本句中find out后接if引导的宾语从句。 [9]此处为whoever引导的让步状语从句。 Then I would never talk to that person about boa constrictors, or primeval forests, or stars. I would bring myself down to his level. I would talk to him about bridge, and golf㉚ , and politics㉛， and neckties㉜. And the grown-up would be greatly pleased to㉝ have met such a sensible man. (Excerpt from The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry) 《小王子》 当我还只有六岁的时候，我在一本描述原始森林的名叫《来自大自然的真实故事》的书中看到一幅壮丽的插画。画中一条蟒蛇正在吞食一只动物。正如下面这张图画所示。 书中说：“蟒蛇不加咀嚼地将整个猎物吞下去。然后，它们就动弹不了了，并且为了消化它们会睡六个月。” 而后，我对丛林里的种种奇遇产生了无尽的遐想。我拿起彩色铅笔画了起来，并成功画出人生的第一幅画——我的“1号画作”。就如同下面这幅： 我把自己的杰作拿给大人们看，还问他们吓不吓人。 结果他们却说：“吓人？一顶帽子有什么吓人的？” 我画的不是一顶帽子，而是一条正在消化一只大象的蟒蛇。但因为大人们看不懂，我便画了另一幅：我画了蟒蛇身体内部的样子，这样大人们就可以看得清楚了。他们总是需要别人把事情解释清楚。我的“2号画作”看起来是这样的： 这一次，大人们的反应是劝我把这些无论是画蟒蛇内部还是外部的图画放在一边，把注意力转向地理、历史、算术和语法。那就是为什么我在六岁的时候便放弃了画家这个或许很辉煌的职业。我的“1号画作”和“2号画作”的失败让我感到沮丧。大人们从来都不主动去了解任何事情，而对孩子们来说，没完没了地向他们解释事情是很烦人的。 于是，我选择了另一个职业，去学习驾驶飞机。我已经飞遍了大半个世界，地理知识确实对我大有帮助。我一眼就能把中国和亚利桑那州区分开。如果有人在夜里迷了路，这样的知识是非常有用的。 在这一生中，我遇到过许多满眼尽是要紧事的人。我与大人们一起生活了很久，近距离地仔细观察过他们。可我对他们的看法还是没有太大改观。 每遇上一个在我看来很有眼光的大人，我都会做个实验，拿出我一直保存着的“1号画作”给他看。我是真的想知道他是否能正确地理解。但是，不管是谁，他或她都会这样回答： “那是一顶帽子。” 于是，我就不再和那个人谈论蟒蛇、原始森林或星星了。我会把自己降到他的水平，跟他谈论桥牌、高尔夫、政治以及领带。这个大人便会很高兴遇到了这样一个通情达理的人。 (摘自安托万·德·圣埃克苏佩里的《小王子》) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $