Unit 1 Laugh out loud！(教材助读)-【优学精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册教用Word(外研版)

　Laugh out loud! 教材原文助读1 ①approach vt.& vi.(在距离或时间上)靠近；接近 [一词多义]vt.着手处理 n.[C]方式，方法；路径，道路；[U] 靠近，接近 ②curly ['kɜːli] adj.卷曲的 curly hair卷发 ③wig [wIɡ] n．假发 ④name badge姓名牌 badge [bædʒ] n．徽章 ⑤boredom ['bɔːdəm] n．[U]厌烦，厌倦；无聊 ⑥look through浏览，快速查看 ⑦anxious adj.焦虑，忧虑；担心 be anxious about sth.对某物/某事感到焦虑 be anxious for sb.为某人担心 anxiety [æŋ'zaIəti] n．[U]焦虑，忧虑 ⑧spot [熟词生义] vt. (spotted, spotted)看见； 看出；注意到，发现 ⑨ankle ['æŋk(ə)l] n．脚踝 ⑩on­duty adj.值班的(常作前置定语) on duty值班 off duty下班 ⑪rush vt.[熟词生义]快速运输；速送 rush sb. to sp.急忙把某人送到某地 ⑫in pain疼痛地，痛苦地 ⑬chemical[熟词生义]n.[C]化学品，化学制品 ⑭do a great job做得很好 ⑮be designed for为……而设计的；打算是给……用的 ⑯more than a little非常，十分 ⑰entertain [ˌentə'teIn] v. 使快乐 ⑱health care facilities医疗保健机构 health care医疗保健 facility n．[C][熟词生义](供特定用途的)场所 ⑲professional n．[C]专业人士，专家 ⑳cheer up(使)高兴起来，(使)振作起来 ㉑more often than not 通常，往往，一贯(相当于as often as not) ㉒staff n．全体职员 ㉓do magic tricks变魔术 ㉔though adv.然而(通常置于句中或句末) ㉕feel like doing sth.想要做某事 ㉖sensitive adj.善解人意的；体贴的 ㉗work closely with... 与……密切合作 ㉘update vt.[熟词生义] 向……提供最新信息 update sb. on sth.告知某人某事的最新消息 ㉙indeed adv.当然；确实(用于强调陈述或回答) ㉚do the trick奏效，达到预期效果 ㉛concentrate on (doing) sth.专心于(做)某事 concentrate...on (doing) sth．把……集中于(做)某事 ㉜examine [Iɡ'zæmIn] v．检查(身体) examination n．[C]检查；考试 ㉝scared adj.害怕的 scary adj.恐怖的；吓人的 ㉞replace vt.(用……)替换； 代替，取代 replace...with/by... 用……替换…… ㉟produce vt.[熟词生义] 出示，展现；使出现 ㊱from out of...从……里面 from behind...从……后面 ㊲relaxed adj.放松的；自在的 (修饰人) relaxing adj.令人放松的 (修饰物)　 relaxation n．[U]放松；消遣 ㊳as for至于；关于(相当于as to) ㊴take off摘掉；脱下(衣服) ㊵wear a big smile笑容满面 wear除了表示“穿、戴”外，还可表示“面带、呈现(某种神态)、留(发、须等)”之意。 ㊶ahead adv.[熟词生义] 在将来；今后 ㊷after all毕竟 The Best Medicine [1]As I approach① the hospital wearing my white coat, I look just like any other doctor. That is until I put on my curly② rainbow wig③， big red nose, and add my name badge④ “Doctor Larry Laugh­Out­Loud”. I walk through the doors into the waiting area, [2]where there's a familiar atmosphere of boredom⑤ and tension. [3]People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through⑥ old magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times previously. Anxious⑦ parents do [4]what they can to comfort nervous and crying children． [1]此处为as引导的时间状语从句，意为“当……时”；wearing my white coat是动词­ing短语作伴随状语。 [2]此处为where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the waiting area, where在从句中作地点状语。 [3]本句中looking through old magazines为现在分词短语作伴随状语；“all of which...previously”为非限制性定语从句，修饰old magazines。 [4]此处的what they can是what they can do的省略形式；to comfort nervous and crying children为动词不定式短语作目的状语。 In the middle of this particular scene I spot⑧ a small girl [5]whose ankle⑨ is twice its normal size. I speak with the on­duty⑩ nurse, who tells me that Lara's parents rushed⑪ her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle. Since getting here, Lara has spent her time crying in pain⑫. [6]Although it's the doctors and nurses who will treat her injury, it's my job to make her feel better. [5]此处为关系代词whose引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a small girl; twice its normal size是倍数表达法。 [6]本句中“Although...her injury”是由although引导的让步状语从句，其中“it's the doctors and nurses who will treat her injury”是强调句，强调主语the doctors and nurses；主句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是to make her feel better。　　Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals⑬ to make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful. [7]We are specially trained clowns who work as part of a programme known as “hospital clowning”. I chose this career because of my experience of going to hospital when I was a kid. Although the doctors and nurses did a great job⑭， hospitals weren't really designed for⑮ children. I spent much of the time when I was there feeling frightened and more than a little⑯ bored! [8]Being a clown doctor means I can help people by entertaining⑰ them. [7]本句中的trained是过去分词作前置定语，修饰名词clowns, train与clowns之间是逻辑上的动宾关系；known as “hospital clowning”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a programme。 [8]此处为动词­ing短语作主语。 [9]Visiting hospitals and other health care facilities⑱， we clown doctors work together with medical professionals⑲. On a typical day, we spend our time cheering up⑳ patients, their families, and more often than not㉑， the hospital staff㉒， too! We do this by doing magic tricks㉓， singing songs, telling stories and, of course, telling silly jokes. Some children, though㉔， don't feel like laughing㉕， especially if they're in pain. We have to be very sensitive㉖ and work closely with㉗ the doctors and nurses, who [10]keep us updated㉘ on each patient． [9]本句中的“Visiting...facilities”是现在分词短语作时间状语；we clown doctors中的clown doctors是主语we的同位语。 [10]此处为“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。update与us之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。 [11]And my magic medicine does indeed㉙ seem to do the trick㉚. While the doctor concentrates on㉛ examining㉜ Lara's ankle, I get her attention by doing a magic trick. Although she is clearly still in some pain, her scared㉝ and anxious look has been replaced㉞—first by a small smile, and then by loud laughter as I “magically” produce㉟ her sock from out of㊱ my pocket. Seeing their daughter so much happier has in turn made Lara's parents more relaxed㊲． [11] 本句中does indeed seem为“助动词do/does/did＋动词原形”结构，对谓语动词进行强调，意为“的确……”。 And as for㊳ me? Well, when I take off㊴ my wig and my red nose, I'm still wearing a big smile㊵， [12]as I remember all the fun and laughter of the day. While there might be more hospital visits ahead㊶ for Lara and others, I hope that clown doctors help make it a friendlier place to visit. After all㊷， [13]it really is true that “laughter is the best medicine”． [12]此处为as引导的原因状语从句，意为“因为、由于”。 [13]此处it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。 最佳妙药 当我穿着白大褂走近医院时，我看起来和其他医生一样，直到我戴上卷曲的彩虹假发和大红鼻子，挂上我的名牌“拉里·笑哈哈医生”。我穿过一道道门进入候诊区，那里有一种熟悉的、无聊又紧张的气氛。人们别扭地坐在塑料椅子上，翻阅着之前已经被读过几百次的旧杂志。焦虑的父母竭力安抚紧张哭闹的孩子。 就在这样特殊的场景里，我看到一个小女孩，她的脚踝肿成正常的两倍那么大。我和值班护士交谈时她告诉我，劳拉从自行车上摔下来后，她的父母急忙把她送到了医院。自从来到这里，劳拉疼得一直哭。虽然为她疗伤的是医生和护士，但让她感觉好点儿是我的工作。 科学研究表明，笑会产生让人感觉更好的化学物质，这意味着小丑医生是能有所帮助的。我们是受过专门培训的小丑，是“医院小丑”项目的工作人员。我选择这个职业是因为我小时候去医院的经历。虽然医生和护士都尽职尽责，但医院真的不是为孩子设计的。在那里，我很多时候都感到害怕和十分无聊。当一名小丑医生意味着我可以通过逗人们开心来帮助他们。 在走访医院和其他医疗机构时，我们小丑医生与专业医护人员一起工作。平日里，我们通常把时间花在为病人、他们的家人以及医院工作人员打气上！我们通过变魔术、唱歌、讲故事，当然还会讲滑稽的笑话，来达到这个目的。然而，有些孩子并不想笑，尤其是他们感到疼痛的时候。我们必须非常善解人意，并与医生和护士密切合作，他们让我们了解每个病人的最新情况。 我的妙药似乎确实奏效了。当医生专注于检查劳拉的脚踝时，我变了一个魔术来吸引她的注意力。尽管她显然还有些痛苦，但她那恐惧和焦虑的表情已经消失了，起初是一个微笑，接着她大笑起来，因为我从我的口袋里“神奇地”掏出她的一只袜子。看到他们的女儿快乐了很多，劳拉的父母也变得更放松了。 至于我？噢，当我摘掉我的假发和红鼻子时，我仍然笑容满面，因为我记得这一天中所有的快乐和笑声。虽然未来劳拉和其他人可能会多次来医院就诊，但我希望小丑医生能帮助医院成为一个更友好的就诊场所。毕竟，“笑是最佳妙药”，这是千真万确的。 教材原文助读2 ①human behaviour人类行为 behaviour n．[U]行为；举止 ②medieval [ˌmedi'iːv(ə)l] adj.中世纪的，中古时期的 ③be filled with...＝be full of...充满…… ④throw light on使(问题等)较容易理解 ⑤emotive [I'məʊtIv] adj.使情绪激动的 emotion n．[C，U]情感；情绪 ⑥issue n．[C]问题 environmental issues环境 问题　 ⑦be remembered for... 因为……而被铭记 ⑧combine...with... 使……与……结合 ⑨mischievous ['mIstʃIvəs] adj.调皮的，淘气的 ⑩classic adj.经典的 classical adj.古典的 ⑪cross out划掉；删掉 ⑫remark [rI'mɑːk] n．言论； 意见，评论 make remarks about sth.＝remark on sth.就某事发表评论　 ⑬interaction [U，C] [ˌIntər'ækʃ(ə)n] n．交流 interact [ˌIntər'ækt] vi. 交流，沟通；合作；相互影响，相互作用 interact with sb./sth. 与某人沟通/与某物相互作用 ⑭a barber's shop理发店 barber ['bɑːbə] n．男理发师 ⑮shave [ʃeIv] n．& vi.& vt. 刮脸，刮胡子 get/have a shave刮脸 ⑯recognise vt.认出 recognise...as...承认/ 认可……是…… recognition n．[U]识别； [usually sing.，U]承认 ⑰response n．[C，U](口头的或书面的)回答；答复 respond vt.& vi.回答 vi.作出反应 make a response to＝respond to对……作出反应/回复 ⑱just one's luck(对自己的遭遇并不惊讶)常不走运；就这运气 ⑲fellow ['feləʊ] n．男人；家伙 lecture vi.(尤指在大学里)演讲；讲授，讲课 ㉑brand of humour某种类型的幽默 brand [brænd] n．[C] 类型；品牌，牌子 ㉒bilingual [ˌbaI'lIŋɡwəl] adj.双语的 bilingual dictionaries 双语词典 ㉓the concept of...……的概念 concept ['kɒnsept] n．概念， 观念 ㉔master n．[C]能手；擅长……的人 a master of humour幽默大师 ㉕put sb. on the spot(故意提出难以回答或尴尬的问题)使某人难堪 spot [spɒt] n．地点，处所 tourist spots旅游景点 ㉖think on one's feet思维敏捷，反应迅速 ㉗cruel ['kruːəl] adj.残忍的 cruelty ['kruːəlti] n．[U] (尤指蓄意的)残酷，残忍，残暴 [C，usually pl.] 残暴的行为 ㉘feed...to...把……喂给…… ㉙whisper ['wIspə] v．悄声说，低语 ㉚hurry away匆匆离去 ㉛astonished adj.感到惊讶的 astonish vt.使吃惊 astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 astonishment n．[U]惊讶 ㉜roar with laughter放声大笑 roar [rɔː] v．哄笑，大笑 ㉝gently ['dʒentli] adv.温和地；轻柔地 gentle adj.温柔的；温和的 ㉞tell off斥责，责骂 ㉟illuminate [I'luːmIneIt] v. 照亮，照明；阐明，解释 ㊱equation [I'kweIʒ(ə)n] n. 等式，方程式 ㊲wisdom n．[U]智慧，才智 ㊳complicated ['kɒmplIkeItId] adj.难处理的；难懂的 ㊴in the words of...用……的话说 The Importance of Humour Humour has been an essential part of human behaviour① for thousands of years. There is comedy in the texts of Ancient Greece, and medieval② writings are filled with③ jokes. [1]While these same jokes might not be as funny to us now as they were then, their authors understood that humour could not only entertain but also throw new light on④ sensitive or emotive⑤ issues⑥． [1]本句中While引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然、尽管”，该状语从句中又包含一个as引导的比较状语从句；“that humour...issues”为that引导的宾语从句，其中“not only...but also...”连接并列谓语。 Closer to modern times, someone who is remembered for⑦ his ability to combine humour with⑧ more serious messages is American writer, Mark Twain. Twain's particular style of writing is funny and often mischievous⑨．For example, in his classic⑩ novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, he famously says, “Writing is easy. [2]All you have to do is cross out⑪ the wrong words.” But he is equally well known for his witty remarks⑫ in his everyday interactions⑬ with people. For instance, [3]while on a lecturing tour of the United States, Twain went into a barber's shop⑭ to get a haircut and a shave⑮. The barber, [4]not recognising⑯ him, asked if he had a ticket to the lecture. When Twain replied that he didn't, the barber told him that if he wanted to go to the event he would have to stand, as there were no seats left in the theatre.Twain's response⑰ was, “That's just my luck⑱. I always have to stand when that fellow⑲ lectures⑳！” [2]本句中不定代词All作主语；“you have to do”是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词All。由于修饰主语的定语从句中含有实义动词do，所以作表语的动词不定式to cross out可省略to。 [3]此处为“连词＋介词短语”结构，可看作是时间状语从句“while he was on a lecturing tour of the United States”的省略形式。while在此意为“在……期间”。 [4]此处为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰The barber, recognise与The barber之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，因此用现在分词。 Like Twain, but on the other side of the world, Lin Yutang [5]was soon to become famous for his unique brand of humour㉑. A well­known bilingual㉒ writer, Lin brought the concept of㉓ humour to modern Chinese literature. In 1924, he creatively borrowed “youmo” from Ancient Chinese as the translation for the English word “humour”. “Youmo” is still being used in this way today. [5]此处为be to do结构，表示注定要发生的事情。 Lin's quick wit helped make him famous as a master㉔ of humour. Once, [6]having been invited to dinner at a university, he was put on the spot㉕ when the president suddenly asked him to give a speech. [7]Thinking on his feet㉖， Lin started to tell a story about a cruel㉗ Roman emperor who tried to feed a man to㉘ wild animals. [8]First came a lion. The man whispered㉙ something in the lion's ear, [9]after which the lion shook its head and walked away unhappily. Then along came a tiger. Again, the man whispered in the tiger's ear. The tiger looked shocked and hurried away㉚．“What did you say to my animals？” said the emperor, astonished㉛. “I told them they had to make a speech after eating me for dinner.” Lin's audience roared with laughter㉜. With this little joke, Lin was able to make people laugh, [10]while gently㉝ telling off㉞ the president． [6]此处为现在分词短语作时间状语。 [7]本句中Thinking on his feet为现在分词短语作状语；who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词emperor。 [8]本句和下文中的“Then along came a tiger.”均为完全倒装句。 [9]此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。 [10]此处为“连词＋现在分词”结构，可看作是时间状语从句“while he was gently telling off the president”的省略形式。while在此意为“与……同时”。　 Both Twain and Lin understood that humour isn't just about laughter, but is a way of life and a tool that can be used to illuminate㉟ the world. Lin even created an equation㊱ to explain this concept: Reality＋Dreams＋Humour＝Wisdom㊲．[11]Living and working with others can sometimes be complicated㊳， and humour makes this easier. Sharing jokes and laughing together can bring individuals and even communities together. Indeed, some may argue that our need for humour is almost as great as our need for water and air. In the words of㊴ Mark Twain, “Humor is mankind's greatest blessing”． 幽默的重要性 几千年来，幽默一直是人类行为的重要组成部分。古希腊的文字记载中有喜剧，中世纪的作品中也不乏笑话。虽然这些同样的笑话现在对我们来说可能不像当时那么有趣，但它们的作者明白，幽默不仅可以带来快乐，还可以为敏感问题或易引起激烈争论的问题提供新的启示。 近现代时期，有一个人以能将幽默和更严肃的信息相结合而著称，这个人就是美国作家马克·吐温。马克·吐温独特的写作风格有趣而诙谐。例如，在他的经典小说《汤姆·索亚历险记》中，他有一句名言：“写作容易。你所要做的就是把错误的单词划掉。”但他同样因日常人际交往中的风趣言辞而闻名。例如，有一次在美国巡回演讲时，马克·吐温走进一家理发店理发和刮脸。理发师没有认出他，问他有没有那场演讲的票。当马克·吐温回答说没有时，理发师告诉他，如果他想去参加那个活动他必须站着，因为剧院里没有多余的座位了。 马克·吐温回答道：“我总是这样倒霉。当那个家伙演讲时，我总是站着！” 在世界的另一端，像马克·吐温一样，林语堂很快就因其独具一格的幽默而出名。作为一名著名的双语作家，林语堂将幽默的概念引入了中国现代文学。1924年，他创造性地借用古代汉语中的“幽默”一词，作为英语单词humour的翻译。现在“幽默”一词仍在以这种方式被人们使用。 林语堂才思敏捷，这使他成为著名的幽默大师。有一次，他应邀到一所大学参加晚宴，当校长突然要求他做演讲时，他顿觉尴尬。思维敏捷的林语堂开始讲述这样一个故事，一个残忍的罗马皇帝试图用一个人来喂野兽。首先来的是一头狮子。那人在狮子耳边低声说了些什么，然后狮子摇摇头，不高兴地走开了。接着来了一只老虎。那人又在老虎耳边低声说了些什么。老虎看起来很惊讶，急忙走开了。“你对我的动物们说了什么？”皇帝惊讶地说。“我告诉它们，把我当作晚餐吃掉后，它们得做演讲。”林语堂的听众放声大笑。林语堂用这个小故事让人们开怀大笑，同时也委婉地责怪了那个校长。 马克·吐温和林语堂都明白幽默不仅仅是笑，还是一种生活方式和一种阐明世界的工具。林语堂甚至创造了一个等式来解释这个概念：现实＋梦想＋幽默＝智慧。与他人一起生活和工作有时并不是一件容易的事，而幽默可以使其变得更容易。分享笑话并一起欢笑可以使个人甚至群体团结起来。事实上，有些人甚至会认为，我们对幽默的需求几乎与我们对水和空气的需求一样强烈。用马克·吐温的话来说：“幽默是人类最幸福的事情”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $