Unit 2 Growing pains and gains 一般过去时的被动语态 (语法讲解+分层精练）-2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

Unit 2 Growing pains and gains （一般过去时被动语态） （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一）核心结构 1 （二）句式结构 2 肯定句 2 否定句 2 一般疑问句 2 特殊疑问句 2 （三）使用要点 2 1. 适用语境 2 2. 时间状语 2 3. 主动变被动三步法 2 （四）易错点提醒 3 1. was/were 的选择 3 2. 不规则动词的过去分词 3 3. by 短语的省略 3 4. 与一般现在时被动语态的区别： 3 二、中考题型练习（30题） 3 （一）单项选择（15题） 3 （二）句型转换（10题） 4 （三）语法填空（5题） 5 一、语法讲解 一般过去时被动语态表示在过去某个时间发生的被动动作，强调主语是动作的承受者，且动作发生在过去。 （一）核心结构 was/were + 及物动词的过去分词 主语为单数或不可数名词：was done 主语为复数：were done 示例： The book was written in 2020.（这本书写于2020年。） These photos were taken last year.（这些照片是去年拍的。） （二）句式结构 肯定句：主语 + was/were + 过去分词 (+ by + 执行者) The letter was sent yesterday. The roads were cleaned after the storm. 否定句：在 was/were 后加 not The window was not broken by the boy. The tasks were not finished on time. 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词...? Was the museum built in 1998? Were the students told the news? 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词...? When was the bridge built? Where were these cars made? （三）使用要点 1. 适用语境 描述过去发生的被动事件：The meeting was held last Monday. 强调过去动作的承受者：The song was sung by a famous singer. 历史事实或过去状态：The telephone was invented in 1876. 2. 时间状语：yesterday, last week/month/year, in 2020, two days ago, when I was young 等。 3. 主动变被动三步法 ① 宾变主（宾语变主语） ② 谓变过被（谓语变为 was/were + 过去分词） ③ 主变宾（原主语前加 by，可省略） 示例： 主动：My grandfather planted this tree fifty years ago. 被动：This tree was planted by my grandfather fifty years ago. （四）易错点提醒 1. was/were 的选择：严格根据主语的单复数决定。 2. 不规则动词的过去分词：必须牢记常见不规则变化（如：write-wrote-written, build-built-built, take-took-taken）。 3. by 短语的省略：当动作执行者不重要或不明确时，常省略。 4. 与一般现在时被动语态的区别： 一般现在时被动：am/is/are done（现在习惯或常态） 一般过去时被动：was/were done（过去特定时间发生） 对比： This museum is visited by many people every day.（现在常态） This museum was built in 1950.（过去建造） 二、中考题型练习（30题） （一）单项选择（15题） 1. The Great Wall ______ thousands of years ago to protect the country. A. builds B. built C. was built D. is built 2. —Who broke the window? —It ______ by Tom during the football game yesterday. A. breaks B. broke C. is broken D. was broken 3. The first modern Olympic Games ______ in Athens, Greece in 1896. A. hold B. held C. were held D. are held 4. I couldn't find my keys this morning. They ______ under the sofa. A. find B. found C. were found D. are found 5. The famous painting, the Mona Lisa, ______ by Leonardo da Vinci. A. paints B. painted C. was painted D. is painted 6. When ______ the telephone ______? A. was; invented B. is; invented C. did; invent D. does; invent 7. Last week, many old trees ______ down in the storm. A. blow B. blew C. were blown D. are blown 8. The children ______ to the science museum by their teacher last Friday. A. take B. took C. were taken D. are taken 9. —Your room is so clean! —Thanks. It ______ just now. A. cleans B. cleaned C. was cleaned D. is cleaned 10. The movie we saw yesterday ______ based on a true story. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be 11. These traditional clothes ______ by people in this area for centuries. A. wear B. wore C. were worn D. are worn 12. The letter ______ to the wrong address, so I never received it. A. sends B. sent C. was sent D. is sent 13. —When did you get the news? —I ______ about it as soon as the decision was made. A. tell B. told C. was told D. am told 14. The beautiful song ______ by a young girl at the party last night. A. sings B. sang C. was sung D. is sung 15. The ancient city ______ in the earthquake, but it has been rebuilt now. A. destroys B. destroyed C. was destroyed D. is destroyed （二）句型转换（10题） A. 将下列主动句变为被动句 1. They built this school in 1998.（变被动） This school ______ ______ in 1998. 2. The teacher asked me a difficult question in class.（变被动） I ______ ______ a difficult question by the teacher in class. 3. Did they finish all the work yesterday?（变被动） ______ all the work ______ yesterday? 4. They didn't invite Mary to the party.（变被动） Mary ______ ______ ______ to the party. 5. When did people discover this island?（变被动） When ______ this island ______? B. 将下列被动句变为主动句 1. The book was written by a famous writer.（用“a famous writer”作主语） A famous writer ______ the book. 2. Were the windows broken by the strong wind?（用“the strong wind”作主语） ______ the strong wind ______ the windows? 3. English wasn't taught in this school fifty years ago.（用“they”作主语） They ______ ______ English in this school fifty years ago. 4. How was the problem solved?（用“you”作主语） How ______ ______ the problem? 5. The old bridge was built over 100 years ago.（用“people”作主语） People ______ the old bridge over 100 years ago. （三）语法填空（5题） 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1. The novel __________ (publish) last year and became very popular. 2. When __________ these houses __________ (build)? They look very old. 3. The lost dog __________ (find) by a kind old man near the river. 4. I __________ (give) this watch by my grandfather on my 10th birthday. 5. The meeting __________ (not hold) because the manager was sick. 答案与解析 第一部分：单项选择 1. C thousands of years ago 表过去，长城是被建造。 2. D yesterday 表过去，窗户是被打破。 3. C in 1896 表过去，主语 Games 复数，用 were held。 4. C this morning 表过去，钥匙是被找到。 5. C 达芬奇画蒙娜丽莎是历史事实，用过去时被动。 6. A 问发明时间，电话是被发明。 7. C last week 表过去，树是被吹倒，主语 trees 复数。 8. C last Friday 表过去，孩子们是被带。 9. C just now 表过去，房间是被打扫。 10. B yesterday 表过去，电影是基于真实故事。 11. C for centuries 强调过去持续状态，衣服被穿。 12. C 信被寄错，导致未收到。 13. C 我被告知，动作发生在过去。 14. C last night 表过去，歌是被唱。 15. C 城市在地震中被毁，但已重建。 第二部分：句型转换 1. was built 主语 This school 单数。 2. was asked 主语 I 对应 was。 3. Was; finished 主语 all the work 不可数，用 was。 4. was not invited 主语 Mary 单数。 5. was; discovered 主语 this island 单数。 6. wrote 主动语态一般过去时。 7. Did; break 一般过去时疑问句。 8. didn't teach 一般过去时否定句。 9. did you solve 主动语态特殊疑问句。 10. built 一般过去时主动语态。 第三部分：语法填空 1. was published 小说去年“被出版”。 2. were; built 主语 houses 复数，房子被建。 3. was found 狗“被找到”，主语 dog 单数。 4. was given 我“被给”，主语 I 用 was。 5. was not held 会议“未被举行”，主语 meeting 单数。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Growing pains and gains （一般过去时被动语态） （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一）核心结构 2 （二）句式结构 2 肯定句 2 否定句 2 一般疑问句 2 特殊疑问句 2 （三）使用要点 2 1. 适用语境 2 2. 时间状语 2 3. 主动变被动三步法 2 （四）易错点提醒 3 1. was/were 的选择 3 2. 不规则动词的过去分词 3 3. by 短语的省略 3 4. 与一般现在时被动语态的区别： 3 二、中考题型练习（30题） 3 （一）单项选择（15题） 3 （二）句型转换（10题） 4 （三）语法填空（5题） 5 一、语法讲解 一般过去时被动语态表示在过去某个时间发生的被动动作，强调主语是动作的承受者，且动作发生在过去。 （一）核心结构 was/were + 及物动词的过去分词 主语为单数或不可数名词：was done 主语为复数：were done 示例： The book was written in 2020.（这本书写于2020年。） These photos were taken last year.（这些照片是去年拍的。） （二）句式结构 肯定句：主语 + was/were + 过去分词 (+ by + 执行者) The letter was sent yesterday. The roads were cleaned after the storm. 否定句：在 was/were 后加 not The window was not broken by the boy. The tasks were not finished on time. 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词...? Was the museum built in 1998? Were the students told the news? 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词...? When was the bridge built? Where were these cars made? （三）使用要点 1. 适用语境 描述过去发生的被动事件：The meeting was held last Monday. 强调过去动作的承受者：The song was sung by a famous singer. 历史事实或过去状态：The telephone was invented in 1876. 2. 时间状语：yesterday, last week/month/year, in 2020, two days ago, when I was young 等。 3. 主动变被动三步法 ① 宾变主（宾语变主语） ② 谓变过被（谓语变为 was/were + 过去分词） ③ 主变宾（原主语前加 by，可省略） 示例： 主动：My grandfather planted this tree fifty years ago. 被动：This tree was planted by my grandfather fifty years ago. （四）易错点提醒 1. was/were 的选择：严格根据主语的单复数决定。 2. 不规则动词的过去分词：必须牢记常见不规则变化（如：write-wrote-written, build-built-built, take-took-taken）。 3. by 短语的省略：当动作执行者不重要或不明确时，常省略。 4. 与一般现在时被动语态的区别： 一般现在时被动：am/is/are done（现在习惯或常态） 一般过去时被动：was/were done（过去特定时间发生） 对比： This museum is visited by many people every day.（现在常态） This museum was built in 1950.（过去建造） 二、中考题型练习（30题） （一）单项选择（15题） 1. The Great Wall ______ thousands of years ago to protect the country. A. builds B. built C. was built D. is built 2. —Who broke the window? —It ______ by Tom during the football game yesterday. A. breaks B. broke C. is broken D. was broken 3. The first modern Olympic Games ______ in Athens, Greece in 1896. A. hold B. held C. were held D. are held 4. I couldn't find my keys this morning. They ______ under the sofa. A. find B. found C. were found D. are found 5. The famous painting, the Mona Lisa, ______ by Leonardo da Vinci. A. paints B. painted C. was painted D. is painted 6. When ______ the telephone ______? A. was; invented B. is; invented C. did; invent D. does; invent 7. Last week, many old trees ______ down in the storm. A. blow B. blew C. were blown D. are blown 8. The children ______ to the science museum by their teacher last Friday. A. take B. took C. were taken D. are taken 9. —Your room is so clean! —Thanks. It ______ just now. A. cleans B. cleaned C. was cleaned D. is cleaned 10. The movie we saw yesterday ______ based on a true story. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be 11. These traditional clothes ______ by people in this area for centuries. A. wear B. wore C. were worn D. are worn 12. The letter ______ to the wrong address, so I never received it. A. sends B. sent C. was sent D. is sent 13. —When did you get the news? —I ______ about it as soon as the decision was made. A. tell B. told C. was told D. am told 14. The beautiful song ______ by a young girl at the party last night. A. sings B. sang C. was sung D. is sung 15. The ancient city ______ in the earthquake, but it has been rebuilt now. A. destroys B. destroyed C. was destroyed D. is destroyed （二）句型转换（10题） A. 将下列主动句变为被动句 1. They built this school in 1998.（变被动） This school ______ ______ in 1998. 2. The teacher asked me a difficult question in class.（变被动） I ______ ______ a difficult question by the teacher in class. 3. Did they finish all the work yesterday?（变被动） ______ all the work ______ yesterday? 4. They didn't invite Mary to the party.（变被动） Mary ______ ______ ______ to the party. 5. When did people discover this island?（变被动） When ______ this island ______? B. 将下列被动句变为主动句 1. The book was written by a famous writer.（用“a famous writer”作主语） A famous writer ______ the book. 2. Were the windows broken by the strong wind?（用“the strong wind”作主语） ______ the strong wind ______ the windows? 3. English wasn't taught in this school fifty years ago.（用“they”作主语） They ______ ______ English in this school fifty years ago. 4. How was the problem solved?（用“you”作主语） How ______ ______ the problem? 5. The old bridge was built over 100 years ago.（用“people”作主语） People ______ the old bridge over 100 years ago. （三）语法填空（5题） 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1. The novel __________ (publish) last year and became very popular. 2. When __________ these houses __________ (build)? They look very old. 3. The lost dog __________ (find) by a kind old man near the river. 4. I __________ (give) this watch by my grandfather on my 10th birthday. 5. The meeting __________ (not hold) because the manager was sick. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $