Unit 3 Period 4 Extended reading（分层作业）英语译林版必修第三册

Unit 3 Period 4 Extended reading分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、英汉互译 1．机会 n. o 2．积极的 a. p 3．事实上 adv. a 4．明显地 adv. o 5．道歉 v. a 6．detail 7．despite 8．struggle 9． informal 10．ignore 二、选词填空 根据语境选择下框中的短语，必要时用正确的形式填空，框中有两个为多余的短语。 quit be attracted to prefer be made up of be responsible for make sense make a difference to take control of confuse be curious about 1．I’ll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to a lot more. 2．Your age shouldn’t whether you get the job or not. 3．These Inca roads two north-south highways and many small roads crossing mountains east to west. 4．His son is being trained the family business. 5．They asked me so many questions that I got and didn’t know how to answer them. 6．Many people the beautiful coastal city for its pleasant climate. 7．People exactly how life on earth began. 8．Before your job, please consider how your family would feel about your decision. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1．Papa said suddenly, “I will (放弃，戒掉)smoking.” 2．Shakespeare’s Macbeth (《麦克白》) (揭示了可怕的现实) of ambitious desire for power. 3．After months of rigorous training, Alex focused on every detail of her footwork and swing, determined to (提高她的羽毛球技能) for the upcoming championship. 4．When the movie started, the kids the screen, completely absorbed. (盯着，离某物很近) 5．China’s leaders are trying to (减少，削减) energy waste to meet the green standard. 四、单句语法填空 所给词的适当形式填空。 1．I remember one story that was quite (scare). 2．The book served not only as a guide for tea preparation but also as a mirror (reveal) the social and cultural landscape of the Tang Dynasty. 3．After struggling to balance his homework and work for months, he ended up (quit) his part-time job before saving enough money. 4． (addict) to social media can affect teenagers’ mental health because they may compare themselves with others and feel anxious. 5．Kim Cobb is demanded (cut) back on their air travel because of climate change. 五、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Many people consider big Chinese cities like Shanghai and Guangzhou as places 1 hard work and ambition. However, another city is quietly rising as a new favorite — Chengdu. 2 (locate) in southwestern China, Chengdu, once known for its slow and relaxing lifestyle, is now becoming very popular. For years, young people left inland cities like Chengdu 3 (find) better jobs in the developed coastal cities. However, things are changing. Tired and 4 (stress), many young Chinese people are looking for a better quality of life. Chengdu, known as one of the 5 (happy) cities in China, offers just that. Its population 6 (grow) by 30 percent in the last five years. Why is Chengdu so attractive? With 7 history of over 2,300 years, Chengdu is a city full of culture and fun. It is home to the famous giant pandas, 8 attract millions of tourists every year. Nowadays, Chengdu’s economy mainly turns to advanced manufacturing (制造) , digital economy, and modern agriculture. 9 (feel) that the job market provides the same opportunities as the developed provinces do, young people can choose a good job without traveling far. In short, Chengdu’s 10 (popular) shows a change in what people value in China. As living standard rises, many are choosing a happy and balanced lifestyle. Chengdu offers a place where people feel they can enjoy life. 六、阅读理解 （一） It’s easy to believe that Nobel prizewinners, legendary authors, and famous scientists have a natural gift for creativity. The reality, however, is rather different. While well-known figures like Pablo Picasso and Albert Einstein did their most significant work in their youth, famous American poet Robert Frost and English-born natural scientist Charles Darwin were known as “late bloomers” — people whose talents were not noticeable until later in life. This idea of “peaking” (巅峰) during different periods of life inspired new research from the United States. “Many people believe that creativity is exclusively (独有地) associated with youth, but it really depends on what kind of creativity you’re talking about,” said Bruce Weinburg, a professor of economics at the University of Chicago and coauthor of the study. According to the study, published earlier this month in the journal De Economist, here are two types of people: conceptual (概念的) and experimental thinkers. To reach his conclusion, researchers took the 31 previous winners of the Nobel Prize in economics and arranged them according to when they did their most significant work, to identify their creative peaks. Some peaked from ages 25 to 29 classified as conceptual thinkers, these people think outside of the box before they become used to the traditional way of doing things. The second creative peak came with economists between 50 and 60 years old. These are experimental thinkers who have been in their fields for a long time. This allows them to learn from errors and experiment with different processes, before eventually finding new solutions. “Whether you hit your creative peak early or late in your career depends on whether you are a conceptual or experimental thinker,” said Weinburg. He added that their study isn’t limited to economics, saying it can apply to other creative disciplines (知识领域). So if you’re struggling to come up with new ideas, don’t worry. Your creative peak may be yet to arrive. 1．What did the study from the US find? A．most people take a conceptual approach when thinking. B．Young people are not necessarily more creative than old people. C．Conceptual and experimental thinkers do their best work at different times. D．Conceptual and experimental thinkers are successful in different job types. 2．The underlined phrase “think outside of the box” in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to “______”. A．focus on practical details B．learn from past mistakes C．come up with new ideas D．follow common methods strictly 3．What would Weinberg probably agree with? A．It’s difficult to find one’s talent in later years. B．More research needs to be done about creative peaks. C．Conceptual thinkers could be more successful in the art field. D．Experimental thinkers from other fields may be most successful in their 50s. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Never too old to succeed. B．Better late than never. C．Birds of a feather flock together. D．Experience is the best teacher. （二） A recent survey found children would rather be online influencers (网红) than astronauts. It made headlines and led to plenty of complaints about “kids these days” is influencing a promising career path? The lifestyles we see advertised on social media are enticing, but under the shining appearance lie uncertain income, pay inequality, disability and mental health issues. Successful influencers will be the first to claim that anyone can make it in the industry. However, social media economy experts uncovered a huge income gap between successful influencers and everyone else. For most people trying to become an influencer, their passion projects of content creation often become free work for brands. Most influencers are self-employed, often experiencing inconsistent income and a lack of protection that comes with long-term employment. The risks of self-employment are increased in the influencer industry by absence of industry standards and little pay transparency (透明度) . Influencers are often forced to assess their own value and determine fees for their work. As a result, content creators often undervalue their own creative labour, and many end up working for free. Influencers are also often at the mercy of algorithms — the behind-the-scenes computer programs that determine which posts are shown, in which order, to users. Platforms share little detail about their algorithms, yet they finally determine who and what gains visibility and influence on social media. The threat of invisibility is a constant source of insecurity for influencers, who are under constant pressure to feed platforms with content. If they don’t, they may be “punished” by the algorithm — having posts hidden or displayed lower down on search results. Constant online presence leads to one of the most common issues in the influencer industry: mental health concerns. Influencers can connect to their platform workspaces and audience at any time of day or night, which can lead to them overworking. Coupled with the fear of online criticism, it contributes to mental and physical health issues. Although becoming an influencer may look attractive to more and more people, the industry’s dark underside needs to be made visible and improved through enhanced employment regulation and industry-led cultural change. 1．Which of the following words can replace “enticing” in paragraph 1? A．Imaginative B．Similar. C．appealing. D．Fashionable. 2．What’s one of the reasons for influencers’ undervaluing their creative work? A．Invisibility of payment. B．Instability of income. C．Pressure of assessment. D．Risks of self-employment. 3．What may cause the influencers’ stress according to paragraph 4? A．Having to work out the order of posts to be displayed. B．Being punished by platform staff for personal reasons. C．Being threatened to create new content without being paid. D．Having little control and knowledge of the platform algorithms. 4．Why does the author write this text? A．To stress the importance of visibility in the online world. B．To reveal relationships between platforms and influencers. C．To explain the reasons behind children’s career preferences. D．To show the dark side of working as an online content creator. 七、七选五阅读 We all know our phones aren’t great for our relationships, but we still reach for them many times a day. This habit is called “phubbing”, which means ignoring someone to look at your phone. 1 It makes partners feel ignored. Parental phone use can also affect children, weakening bonds with younger ones and hurting the self-esteem of older ones. Rather than blame yourself, trying to be more mindful when using your phone can help. 2 Dr. Kaitlyn Regehr from University College London suggests a simple method: every time you pick up your phone, tell the person with you why, and put it down again when finished. It may sound easy, but this small step can change our behavior. We often check messages or notifications without thinking. 3 For example, say “I need to reply to this message, then I’ll focus on you again.” By explaining what you’re doing, you break the habit of automatic phone-checking and show others they still matter. 4 It also helps you stay focused instead of moving to other apps. A study led by Dr. Claire Hart supports this idea. When people feel ignored, their relationships tend to get worse. Not everyone reacts the same way, but once someone feels ignored, they may pick up their own phone. 5 . Every time you are “phubbed”, you lose connection and once you've left a shared moment to look at a screen, it can take a while to get back to what was going on before. A．What really helps is being clear about why you’re using your phone. B．This can slowly damage your close relationships over time. C．Therefore, it’s better to avoid using phones in public places. D．In this way, the other person won’t feel forgotten or unimportant. E．The key is not to stop using phones completely, but to use them wisely. F．This can start a harmful cycle where both people feel less valued than what’s on the screen. G．According to a psychologist, being intentional with phone use is more effective. 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Period 4 Extended reading分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、英汉互译 1．机会 n. o 2．积极的 a. p 3．事实上 adv. a 4．明显地 adv. o 5．道歉 v. a 6．detail 7．despite 8．struggle 9． informal 10．ignore 【答案】 1．opportunity 2．positive 3．actually 4．obviously 5．apologise/apologize 6．细节 7．尽管 8．努力，挣扎 9．非正式的 10．忽视 【解析】 1．考查名词。机会，英文表达为“opportunity”，为名词。故翻译为：opportunity。 2．考查形容词。积极的，英文表达为“positive”，为形容词。故翻译为：positive。 3．考查副词。事实上，英文表达为“actually”，为副词。故翻译为：actually。 4．考查副词。明显地，英文表达为“obviously”，为副词。故翻译为：obviously。 5．考查动词。道歉，英文表达为“apologise/apologize”，为动词。故翻译为：apologise/apologize。 6．考查名词。detail为“细节”。故翻译为：细节。 7．考查介词。despite为“尽管”。故翻译为：尽管。 8．考查动词和名词。struggle为“努力，挣扎”。故翻译为：努力，挣扎。 9．考查形容词。informal为“非正式的”。故翻译为：非正式的。 10．考查动词。ignore为“忽视”。故翻译为：忽视。 二、选词填空 根据语境选择下框中的短语，必要时用正确的形式填空，框中有两个为多余的短语。 quit be attracted to prefer be made up of be responsible for make sense make a difference to take control of confuse be curious about 1．I’ll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to a lot more. 2．Your age shouldn’t whether you get the job or not. 3．These Inca roads two north-south highways and many small roads crossing mountains east to west. 4．His son is being trained the family business. 5．They asked me so many questions that I got and didn’t know how to answer them. 6．Many people the beautiful coastal city for its pleasant climate. 7．People exactly how life on earth began. 8．Before your job, please consider how your family would feel about your decision. 【答案】1．being responsible for 2．make a difference to 3．are made up of 4．to take control of 5．confused 6．are attracted to 7．are curious about 8．quitting 【解析】 1．考查固定短语。句意：作为一名高中生，我今后必须更加努力学习，并且要习惯承担更多的责任。根据“I’ll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to”以及句意“承担责任”可知应填be responsible for，上文为短语get used to doing sth.。故填being responsible for。 2．考查固定短语。句意：你的年龄不应该成为你能否获得这份工作的决定性因素。根据“whether you get the job or not”以及句意“对…… 产生影响”可知应填make a difference to，且shouldn’t后跟动词原形。故填make a difference to。 3．考查固定短语。句意：这些印加时期的道路由两条南北走向的主干道以及许多横穿山脉的东西向小路组成。根据“two north-south highways and many small roads crossing mountains east to west”以及句意“由……组成”可知应填be made up of，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为roads，谓语用复数。故填are made up of。 4．考查固定短语。句意：他的儿子正在接受培训，以掌握家族企业的管理权。根据“the family business”以及句意“掌握”可知应填take control of，此处为短语be trained to do sth.。故填to take control of。 5．考查形容词。句意：他们问了我那么多问题，以至于我感到很困惑，不知道该如何回答他们的问题。根据“and didn’t know how to answer them”以及句意“困惑”可知应填形容词confused，作表语。故填confused。 6．考查固定短语。句意：许多人被这座美丽的海滨城市所吸引，原因在于其宜人的气候。根据“the beautiful coastal city for its pleasant climate”以及句意“被……吸引”可知应填be attracted to，陈述事实为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为Many people，谓语用复数，故填are attracted to。 7．考查固定短语。句意：人们对于地球上的生命究竟是如何起源的充满了好奇。根据“exactly how life on earth began”以及句意“对……好奇”可知应填be curious about，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为People，谓语用复数。故填are curious about。 8．考查动词。句意：在辞职之前，请先考虑一下你的家人会对你的这一决定作何反应。根据“please consider how your family would feel about your decision.”以及句意“辞职”可知应填动词quit，作介词的宾语，用动名词形式。故填quitting。 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1．Papa said suddenly, “I will (放弃，戒掉)smoking.” 【答案】quit 【详解】考查动词。句意：爸爸突然说：“我要戒烟。”根据所给汉语提示可知，此处应用动词quit“放弃，戒掉”在从句中作谓语动词，且空前有情态动词will，故此处应用动词原形，故填quit。 2．Shakespeare’s Macbeth (《麦克白》) (揭示了可怕的现实) of ambitious desire for power. 【答案】reveals the horrible reality 【详解】考查动词、形容词和名词。句意：莎士比亚的《麦克白》揭示了野心勃勃的权力欲望的可怕现实。“揭示”作谓语，使用动词reveal，句子是描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，主语Shakespeare’s Macbeth表示单数意义，谓语动词使用三单形式reveals，定语“可怕的”使用形容词horrible，宾语“现实”使用名词reality。故填reveals the horrible reality。 3．After months of rigorous training, Alex focused on every detail of her footwork and swing, determined to (提高她的羽毛球技能) for the upcoming championship. 【答案】improve her badminton skills 【详解】考查动词和名词。句意：经过数月的严格训练，亚历克斯专注于她的步法和挥拍的每一个细节，决心为即将到来的锦标赛提高她的羽毛球技能。determine to do...意为“决定做……”。“提高”用及物动词improve表示；“羽毛球”可用名词badminton表示，作定语修饰“技能”；“技能”可用skill表示，为可数名词，技能不止一个，所以用复数，作improve的宾语；另外，“她的”应用形容词性物主代词her。故填improve her badminton skills。 4．When the movie started, the kids the screen, completely absorbed. (盯着，离某物很近) 【答案】were glued to 【详解】考查短语和时态。句意：电影开始时，孩子们全神贯注地盯着屏幕。“盯着，离某物很近”为be glued to,根据“When the movie started”可知，为一般过去时，主语是the kids，be动词使用were。故填were glued to。 5．China’s leaders are trying to (减少，削减) energy waste to meet the green standard. 【答案】cut back on 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：中国领导人正在努力减少能源浪费，以达到绿色标准。根据汉语提示可知短语为cut back on，空格前有不定式符号to，用动词原形。故填cut back on。 四、单句语法填空 所给词的适当形式填空。 1．I remember one story that was quite (scare). 【答案】scary 【详解】考查形容词。句意为：我记得有一个相当恐怖的故事。scare是动词，意为“使害怕”，此处需要用形容词作表语，描述story的特点，scary意为“恐怖的，吓人的”，符合语境。故填scary。 2．The book served not only as a guide for tea preparation but also as a mirror (reveal) the social and cultural landscape of the Tang Dynasty. 【答案】revealing 【详解】解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这本书不仅是泡茶的指南，也是一面反映唐代社会和文化风貌的镜子。空格处为非谓语，动词reveal和其逻辑主语a mirror之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填revealing。 3．After struggling to balance his homework and work for months, he ended up (quit) his part-time job before saving enough money. 【答案】quitting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在努力平衡家庭作业和工作几个月后，他最终辞掉了兼职工作，还没攒够钱。end up doing是固定短语，意为“最终做某事”，因此用quit“放弃”的动名词形式，作宾语。故填quitting。 4． (addict) to social media can affect teenagers’ mental health because they may compare themselves with others and feel anxious. 【答案】Being addicted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：沉迷社交媒体会影响青少年的心理健康，因为他们可能会与他人进行比较并感到焦虑。be addicted to“沉迷于……”是固定搭配，设空处需作主语，应用动名词形式。故填Being addicted。 5．Kim Cobb is demanded (cut) back on their air travel because of climate change. 【答案】to cut 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：由于气候变化，Kim Cobb被要求减少航空旅行。此处为demand sb. to do sth.的被动结构“sb. be demanded to do sth.”意为“某人被要求做某事”，所以此处使用动词不定式形式，cut back on意为“削减”。故填to cut。 五、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Many people consider big Chinese cities like Shanghai and Guangzhou as places 1 hard work and ambition. However, another city is quietly rising as a new favorite — Chengdu. 2 (locate) in southwestern China, Chengdu, once known for its slow and relaxing lifestyle, is now becoming very popular. For years, young people left inland cities like Chengdu 3 (find) better jobs in the developed coastal cities. However, things are changing. Tired and 4 (stress), many young Chinese people are looking for a better quality of life. Chengdu, known as one of the 5 (happy) cities in China, offers just that. Its population 6 (grow) by 30 percent in the last five years. Why is Chengdu so attractive? With 7 history of over 2,300 years, Chengdu is a city full of culture and fun. It is home to the famous giant pandas, 8 attract millions of tourists every year. Nowadays, Chengdu’s economy mainly turns to advanced manufacturing (制造) , digital economy, and modern agriculture. 9 (feel) that the job market provides the same opportunities as the developed provinces do, young people can choose a good job without traveling far. In short, Chengdu’s 10 (popular) shows a change in what people value in China. As living standard rises, many are choosing a happy and balanced lifestyle. Chengdu offers a place where people feel they can enjoy life. 【答案】 1．of 2．Located 3．to find 4．stressed 5．happiest 6．has grown 7．a 8．which 9．Feeling 10．popularity 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了成都因其独特的历史文化底蕴、宜居的慢节奏生活、新兴的产业机会以及日益增长的人口吸引力，正在成为中国年轻人追求事业与生活平衡的新兴理想目的地。 1．考查介词搭配。句意：许多人将上海、广州等中国大城市视为奋斗与追梦之地。此处意为“……的”，故应用介词of，故填of。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：成都位于中国西南部，曾经以它的慢节奏和放松的生活而闻名，如今变得越来越流行。此处在句子作状语，主语为Chengdu，与locate之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作状语，故填Located。 3．考查不定式。句意：多年来，很多人离开成都这样的内陆城市，是为了在发达的沿海城市找到更好的工作。此处在句子作目的状语，表示离开内陆城市的目的是为了在发达的沿海城市找到更好的工作，故应用不定式表目的，故填to find。 4．考查形容词。句意：由于感到疲惫和有压力，许多中国年轻人正在寻求更好的生活质量。此空与tired为并列的形容词作状语，描述主语 many young Chinese people 的状态，故应用形容词“stressed感到有压力的”，故填stressed。 5．考查形容词最高级。句意：成都被称为中国最幸福的城市之一，刚好就能提供更好的生活质量。根据空前的one of可知，此处应用形容词最高级作定语，修饰cities，故填happiest。 6．考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年里，它的人口增长了30%。此处在句中作谓语动词，主语为Its population，为单数，与grow之间为主动关系，且根据时间状语“in the last five years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填 has grown。 7．考查冠词。句意：成都拥有2300多年的历史，是一个充满文化和乐趣的城市。history 在此为可数名词，且此处泛指“一段历史”， history为辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a，故填a。 8．考查定语从句关系词。句意：它是著名大熊猫的故乡，每年吸引数百万游客。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为 giant pandas，指物，在从句中作主语，故应用which引导，故填 which。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：感觉到就业市场提供了与发达省份相同的机会，年轻人无需远行就能选择一份好工作。此处在句中作状语，主语为young people，与feel之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语，故填Feeling。 10．考查名词。句意：总之，成都的受欢迎程度显示了中国人价值观的转变。此处在句中作主语，且由形容词性物主代词 Chengdu’s 修饰，故应用名词“popularity流行，受欢迎”作主语，且谓语动词为三人称单数shows，故此处应用名词的单数形式，故填 popularity。 六、阅读理解 （一） It’s easy to believe that Nobel prizewinners, legendary authors, and famous scientists have a natural gift for creativity. The reality, however, is rather different. While well-known figures like Pablo Picasso and Albert Einstein did their most significant work in their youth, famous American poet Robert Frost and English-born natural scientist Charles Darwin were known as “late bloomers” — people whose talents were not noticeable until later in life. This idea of “peaking” (巅峰) during different periods of life inspired new research from the United States. “Many people believe that creativity is exclusively (独有地) associated with youth, but it really depends on what kind of creativity you’re talking about,” said Bruce Weinburg, a professor of economics at the University of Chicago and coauthor of the study. According to the study, published earlier this month in the journal De Economist, here are two types of people: conceptual (概念的) and experimental thinkers. To reach his conclusion, researchers took the 31 previous winners of the Nobel Prize in economics and arranged them according to when they did their most significant work, to identify their creative peaks. Some peaked from ages 25 to 29 classified as conceptual thinkers, these people think outside of the box before they become used to the traditional way of doing things. The second creative peak came with economists between 50 and 60 years old. These are experimental thinkers who have been in their fields for a long time. This allows them to learn from errors and experiment with different processes, before eventually finding new solutions. “Whether you hit your creative peak early or late in your career depends on whether you are a conceptual or experimental thinker,” said Weinburg. He added that their study isn’t limited to economics, saying it can apply to other creative disciplines (知识领域). So if you’re struggling to come up with new ideas, don’t worry. Your creative peak may be yet to arrive. 1．What did the study from the US find? A．most people take a conceptual approach when thinking. B．Young people are not necessarily more creative than old people. C．Conceptual and experimental thinkers do their best work at different times. D．Conceptual and experimental thinkers are successful in different job types. 2．The underlined phrase “think outside of the box” in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to “______”. A．focus on practical details B．learn from past mistakes C．come up with new ideas D．follow common methods strictly 3．What would Weinberg probably agree with? A．It’s difficult to find one’s talent in later years. B．More research needs to be done about creative peaks. C．Conceptual thinkers could be more successful in the art field. D．Experimental thinkers from other fields may be most successful in their 50s. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Never too old to succeed. B．Better late than never. C．Birds of a feather flock together. D．Experience is the best teacher. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一项研究，阐明了创造力高峰的出现时间与思维类型（概念型 vs. 实验型）密切相关，打破了“创造力只属于年轻人”的固有观念，并给予大器晚成者以鼓励。 1．细节理解题。根据第五段“To reach his conclusion, researchers took the 31 previous winners of the Nobel Prize in economics and arranged them according to when they did their most significant work, to identify their creative peaks. (为了得出他的结论，研究人员选取了31位之前的诺贝尔经济学奖获得者，并根据他们最重要的工作时间进行排列，以确定他们的创作高峰)”、第六段“Some peaked from ages 25 to 29 classified as conceptual thinkers, these people think outside of the box before they become used to the traditional way of doing things.(有些人在25岁到29岁之间达到顶峰，被归类为概念思想家，这些人在习惯传统做事方式之前think outside of the box)”及第七段“The second creative peak came with economists between 50 and 60 years old. These are experimental thinkers who have been in their fields for a long time.(第二个创意高峰出现在50至60岁的经济学家身上。这些都是实验思想家，他们在各自的领域已经工作了很长时间)”可知，概念型和实验型思考者在不同时期达到创作巅峰。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第六段“Some peaked from ages 25 to 29 classified as conceptual thinkers, these people think outside of the box before they become used to the traditional way of doing things.(有些人在25岁到29岁之间达到顶峰，被归类为概念思想家，这些人在习惯传统做事方式之前think outside of the box)”可知，在他们习惯于传统的做事方式之前就进行思考，其核心就是打破常规、产生新想法，推测think outside of the box表示“打破常规、产生新想法”，与come up with new ideas含义相近。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第七段“The second creative peak came with economists between 50 and 60 years old. These are experimental thinkers who have been in their fields for a long time.(第二个创意高峰出现在50至60岁的经济学家身上。这些都是实验思想家，他们在各自的领域已经工作了很长时间)”及第八段“He added that their study isn’t limited to economics, saying it can apply to other creative disciplines (知识领域).(他补充说，他们的研究不仅限于经济学，还可以应用于其他创意知识领域)”可推知，Weinberg可能认同其他领域的实验型思考者可能在50多岁时取得最大成功。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第六段“Some peaked from ages 25 to 29 classified as conceptual thinkers, these people think outside of the box before they become used to the traditional way of doing things.(有些人在25岁到29岁之间达到顶峰，被归类为概念思想家，这些人在习惯传统做事方式之前think outside of the box)”、第七段“The second creative peak came with economists between 50 and 60 years old. These are experimental thinkers who have been in their fields for a long time.(第二个创意高峰出现在50至60岁的经济学家身上。这些都是实验思想家，他们在各自的领域已经工作了很长时间)”以及最后一段“So if you’re struggling to come up with new ideas, don’t worry. Your creative peak may be yet to arrive.(因此，如果你正在努力想出新的想法，不要担心。你的创作高峰可能还没有到来)”可知，文章通过研究指出概念型思考者年轻时达到创作巅峰，实验型思考者晚年达到巅峰，如果你正努力想出新点子，别担心，你的创作巅峰可能还未到来，由此可知，“成功永远不嫌晚”最能概括全文，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 （二） A recent survey found children would rather be online influencers (网红) than astronauts. It made headlines and led to plenty of complaints about “kids these days” is influencing a promising career path? The lifestyles we see advertised on social media are enticing, but under the shining appearance lie uncertain income, pay inequality, disability and mental health issues. Successful influencers will be the first to claim that anyone can make it in the industry. However, social media economy experts uncovered a huge income gap between successful influencers and everyone else. For most people trying to become an influencer, their passion projects of content creation often become free work for brands. Most influencers are self-employed, often experiencing inconsistent income and a lack of protection that comes with long-term employment. The risks of self-employment are increased in the influencer industry by absence of industry standards and little pay transparency (透明度) . Influencers are often forced to assess their own value and determine fees for their work. As a result, content creators often undervalue their own creative labour, and many end up working for free. Influencers are also often at the mercy of algorithms — the behind-the-scenes computer programs that determine which posts are shown, in which order, to users. Platforms share little detail about their algorithms, yet they finally determine who and what gains visibility and influence on social media. The threat of invisibility is a constant source of insecurity for influencers, who are under constant pressure to feed platforms with content. If they don’t, they may be “punished” by the algorithm — having posts hidden or displayed lower down on search results. Constant online presence leads to one of the most common issues in the influencer industry: mental health concerns. Influencers can connect to their platform workspaces and audience at any time of day or night, which can lead to them overworking. Coupled with the fear of online criticism, it contributes to mental and physical health issues. Although becoming an influencer may look attractive to more and more people, the industry’s dark underside needs to be made visible and improved through enhanced employment regulation and industry-led cultural change. 1．Which of the following words can replace “enticing” in paragraph 1? A．Imaginative B．Similar. C．appealing. D．Fashionable. 2．What’s one of the reasons for influencers’ undervaluing their creative work? A．Invisibility of payment. B．Instability of income. C．Pressure of assessment. D．Risks of self-employment. 3．What may cause the influencers’ stress according to paragraph 4? A．Having to work out the order of posts to be displayed. B．Being punished by platform staff for personal reasons. C．Being threatened to create new content without being paid. D．Having little control and knowledge of the platform algorithms. 4．Why does the author write this text? A．To stress the importance of visibility in the online world. B．To reveal relationships between platforms and influencers. C．To explain the reasons behind children’s career preferences. D．To show the dark side of working as an online content creator. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了网红职业虽表面光鲜，却存在收入不均、算法制约、心理健康等诸多行业隐忧的现状。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“The lifestyles we see advertised on social media are enticing, but under the shining appearance lie uncertain income, pay inequality, disability and mental health issues.(我们在社交媒体上看到的被大肆宣传的网红生活方式很enticing，但在光鲜的外表之下却潜藏着收入不稳定、薪酬不平等、易出现伤残以及心理健康等问题)”的转折逻辑可知，enticing应与“光鲜、有吸引力”含义相近，和appealing（有吸引力的）词义相符。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The risks of self-employment are increased in the influencer industry by absence of industry standards and little pay transparency(透明度).(在网红行业中，行业标准的缺失以及薪资透明度的低下加剧了自主就业的风险)”以及“As a result, content creators often undervalue their own creative labour, and many end up working for free.(因此，内容创作者常常会低估自己的创意劳动价值，而且很多人最终会落得免费工作的下场)”可知，薪资透明度低是创作者低估自身劳动价值的原因之一。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Platforms share little detail about their algorithms, yet they finally determine who and what gains visibility and influence on social media.(平台几乎不会分享其算法的细节，但这些算法最终却决定了谁以及哪些内容能在社交媒体上获得曝光度和影响力)”以及“The threat of invisibility is a constant source of insecurity for influencers, who are under constant pressure to feed platforms with content.(曝光度缺失的威胁是网红持续不安的根源，他们还承受着要持续为平台提供内容的压力)”可知，对平台算法缺乏了解和掌控是网红产生压力的原因。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据全文内容以及最后一段中“Although becoming an influencer may look attractive to more and more people, the industry’s dark underside needs to be made visible and improved through enhanced employment regulation and industry-led cultural change.(尽管成为网红对越来越多的人来说看似很有吸引力，但该行业的阴暗面需要被公之于众，并且要通过加强就业监管以及行业主导的文化变革来改善这一现状)”可知，作者的写作目的是揭露网红这一职业背后的行业弊端。故选D。 七、七选五阅读 We all know our phones aren’t great for our relationships, but we still reach for them many times a day. This habit is called “phubbing”, which means ignoring someone to look at your phone. 1 It makes partners feel ignored. Parental phone use can also affect children, weakening bonds with younger ones and hurting the self-esteem of older ones. Rather than blame yourself, trying to be more mindful when using your phone can help. 2 Dr. Kaitlyn Regehr from University College London suggests a simple method: every time you pick up your phone, tell the person with you why, and put it down again when finished. It may sound easy, but this small step can change our behavior. We often check messages or notifications without thinking. 3 For example, say “I need to reply to this message, then I’ll focus on you again.” By explaining what you’re doing, you break the habit of automatic phone-checking and show others they still matter. 4 It also helps you stay focused instead of moving to other apps. A study led by Dr. Claire Hart supports this idea. When people feel ignored, their relationships tend to get worse. Not everyone reacts the same way, but once someone feels ignored, they may pick up their own phone. 5 . Every time you are “phubbed”, you lose connection and once you've left a shared moment to look at a screen, it can take a while to get back to what was going on before. A．What really helps is being clear about why you’re using your phone. B．This can slowly damage your close relationships over time. C．Therefore, it’s better to avoid using phones in public places. D．In this way, the other person won’t feel forgotten or unimportant. E．The key is not to stop using phones completely, but to use them wisely. F．This can start a harmful cycle where both people feel less valued than what’s on the screen. G．According to a psychologist, being intentional with phone use is more effective. 【答案】1．B 2．G 3．A 4．D 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“phubbing（忽视身边人看手机）”这一习惯对人际关系的负面影响，并提出了通过提高手机使用意识来改善这一状况的方法。 1．上文“This habit is called “phubbing”, which means ignoring someone to look at your phone.(这种习惯被称为“phubbing”，意思是忽视身边的人而看手机)”说明“phubbing”的定义，下文“It makes partners feel ignored. Parental phone use can also affect children, weakening bonds with younger ones and hurting the self-esteem of older ones.(这让合作伙伴感到被忽视。父母使用手机也会影响孩子，削弱与年幼孩子的联系，伤害年长孩子的自尊)”说明“phubbing”的具体危害。空处和前文为顺接关系，并引出下文，说明“phubbing”的危害，所以B项“随着时间的推移，这会慢慢破坏你亲密的关系”符合语境，该项中的This指代上文“phubbing”。故选B。 2．上文“Rather than blame yourself, trying to be more mindful when using your phone can help.(与其责怪自己，不如试着在使用手机时更加注意)”说明使用手机时更加注意会有帮助，下文“Dr. Kaitlyn Regehr from University College London suggests a simple method: every time you pick up your phone, tell the person with you why, and put it down again when finished.(来自伦敦大学学院的凯特琳·雷格尔博士提出了一个简单的方法：每次拿起手机时，都要告诉身边的人你拿手机的原因，用完后就再把它放下)”给出专家如何使用手机的具体方法。空处起到承上启下的作用，说明如何明智地使用手机，并自然引出后文Dr. Regehr的具体建议。所以G项“根据一位心理学家称，有意识地使用手机会更有效”符合语境，该项中的“a psychologist”和下文中的“Dr. Kaitlyn Regehr from University College London”先呼应，“being intentional with phone use”和上文中的“be more mindful”相呼应。故选G。 3．上文“We often check messages or notifications without thinking.(我们经常不假思索地查看信息或通知)”说明我们经常不假思索地查看信息或通知，下文“For example, say “I need to reply to this message, then I’ll focus on you again.”（例如，说“我需要回复这条信息，然后我会再次关注你。”)”说明解释自己使用手机的原因，空处和前文为转折关系，需要给出改变这一习惯的关键做法。所以A项“真正有帮助的是明确你为什么要使用手机”符合语境，既对应前文的无意识行为，又和后文的举例内容相呼应。故选A。 4．上文“By explaining what you’re doing, you break the habit of automatic phone-checking and show others they still matter.(通过解释你在做什么，你可以打破自动检查手机的习惯，并向别人展示他们仍然很重要)”说明向别人解释你在做什么的好处，空处和前文为顺接关系，说明这样做对别人的影响，所以D项“这样，对方就不会感到被遗忘或不重要”符合语境，该项中的“the other person won’t feel forgotten or unimportant”和前文中的“show others they still matter”相呼应。故选D。 5．上文“Not everyone reacts the same way, but once someone feels ignored, they may pick up their own phone.(不是每个人的反应都一样，但一旦有人感到被忽视，他们可能会拿起自己的手机)”说明被忽视的人可能会拿起自己的手机，空处和前文为因果关系，需要点明这种行为引发的恶性循环，所以F项“这可能会引发一个有害的循环，两个人都觉得屏幕上的东西比自己的价值低”符合语境。故选F。 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Period 4 Extended reading分层练习 参考答案 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、英汉互译 1．opportunity 2．positive 3．actually 4．obviously 5．apologise/apologize 6．细节 7．尽管 8．努力，挣扎 9．非正式的 10．忽视 二、选词填空 1．being responsible for 2．make a difference to 3．are made up of 4．to take control of 5．confused 6．are attracted to 7．are curious about 8．quitting 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1．quit 2．reveals the horrible reality 3．improve her badminton skills 4．were glued to 5．cut back on 四、单句语法填空 1．scary 2．revealing 3．quitting 4．being addicted 5．to cut 五、语法填空 1．of 2．Located 3．to find 4．stressed 5．happiest 6．has grown 7．a 8．which 9．Feeling 10．popularity 六、阅读理解 （一） 1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一项研究，阐明了创造力高峰的出现时间与思维类型（概念型 vs. 实验型）密切相关，打破了“创造力只属于年轻人”的固有观念，并给予大器晚成者以鼓励。 1．细节理解题。根据第五段“To reach his conclusion, researchers took the 31 previous winners of the Nobel Prize in economics and arranged them according to when they did their most significant work, to identify their creative peaks. (为了得出他的结论，研究人员选取了31位之前的诺贝尔经济学奖获得者，并根据他们最重要的工作时间进行排列，以确定他们的创作高峰)”、第六段“Some peaked from ages 25 to 29 classified as conceptual thinkers, these people think outside of the box before they become used to the traditional way of doing things.(有些人在25岁到29岁之间达到顶峰，被归类为概念思想家，这些人在习惯传统做事方式之前think outside of the box)”及第七段“The second creative peak came with economists between 50 and 60 years old. These are experimental thinkers who have been in their fields for a long time.(第二个创意高峰出现在50至60岁的经济学家身上。这些都是实验思想家，他们在各自的领域已经工作了很长时间)”可知，概念型和实验型思考者在不同时期达到创作巅峰。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第六段“Some peaked from ages 25 to 29 classified as conceptual thinkers, these people think outside of the box before they become used to the traditional way of doing things.(有些人在25岁到29岁之间达到顶峰，被归类为概念思想家，这些人在习惯传统做事方式之前think outside of the box)”可知，在他们习惯于传统的做事方式之前就进行思考，其核心就是打破常规、产生新想法，推测think outside of the box表示“打破常规、产生新想法”，与come up with new ideas含义相近。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第七段“The second creative peak came with economists between 50 and 60 years old. These are experimental thinkers who have been in their fields for a long time.(第二个创意高峰出现在50至60岁的经济学家身上。这些都是实验思想家，他们在各自的领域已经工作了很长时间)”及第八段“He added that their study isn’t limited to economics, saying it can apply to other creative disciplines (知识领域).(他补充说，他们的研究不仅限于经济学，还可以应用于其他创意知识领域)”可推知，Weinberg可能认同其他领域的实验型思考者可能在50多岁时取得最大成功。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第六段“Some peaked from ages 25 to 29 classified as conceptual thinkers, these people think outside of the box before they become used to the traditional way of doing things.(有些人在25岁到29岁之间达到顶峰，被归类为概念思想家，这些人在习惯传统做事方式之前think outside of the box)”、第七段“The second creative peak came with economists between 50 and 60 years old. These are experimental thinkers who have been in their fields for a long time.(第二个创意高峰出现在50至60岁的经济学家身上。这些都是实验思想家，他们在各自的领域已经工作了很长时间)”以及最后一段“So if you’re struggling to come up with new ideas, don’t worry. Your creative peak may be yet to arrive.(因此，如果你正在努力想出新的想法，不要担心。你的创作高峰可能还没有到来)”可知，文章通过研究指出概念型思考者年轻时达到创作巅峰，实验型思考者晚年达到巅峰，如果你正努力想出新点子，别担心，你的创作巅峰可能还未到来，由此可知，“成功永远不嫌晚”最能概括全文，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 （二） 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了网红职业虽表面光鲜，却存在收入不均、算法制约、心理健康等诸多行业隐忧的现状。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“The lifestyles we see advertised on social media are enticing, but under the shining appearance lie uncertain income, pay inequality, disability and mental health issues.(我们在社交媒体上看到的被大肆宣传的网红生活方式很enticing，但在光鲜的外表之下却潜藏着收入不稳定、薪酬不平等、易出现伤残以及心理健康等问题)”的转折逻辑可知，enticing应与“光鲜、有吸引力”含义相近，和appealing（有吸引力的）词义相符。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The risks of self-employment are increased in the influencer industry by absence of industry standards and little pay transparency(透明度).(在网红行业中，行业标准的缺失以及薪资透明度的低下加剧了自主就业的风险)”以及“As a result, content creators often undervalue their own creative labour, and many end up working for free.(因此，内容创作者常常会低估自己的创意劳动价值，而且很多人最终会落得免费工作的下场)”可知，薪资透明度低是创作者低估自身劳动价值的原因之一。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Platforms share little detail about their algorithms, yet they finally determine who and what gains visibility and influence on social media.(平台几乎不会分享其算法的细节，但这些算法最终却决定了谁以及哪些内容能在社交媒体上获得曝光度和影响力)”以及“The threat of invisibility is a constant source of insecurity for influencers, who are under constant pressure to feed platforms with content.(曝光度缺失的威胁是网红持续不安的根源，他们还承受着要持续为平台提供内容的压力)”可知，对平台算法缺乏了解和掌控是网红产生压力的原因。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据全文内容以及最后一段中“Although becoming an influencer may look attractive to more and more people, the industry’s dark underside needs to be made visible and improved through enhanced employment regulation and industry-led cultural change.(尽管成为网红对越来越多的人来说看似很有吸引力，但该行业的阴暗面需要被公之于众，并且要通过加强就业监管以及行业主导的文化变革来改善这一现状)”可知，作者的写作目的是揭露网红这一职业背后的行业弊端。故选D。 七、七选五阅读 1．B 2．G 3．A 4．D 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“phubbing（忽视身边人看手机）”这一习惯对人际关系的负面影响，并提出了通过提高手机使用意识来改善这一状况的方法。 1．上文“This habit is called “phubbing”, which means ignoring someone to look at your phone.(这种习惯被称为“phubbing”，意思是忽视身边的人而看手机)”说明“phubbing”的定义，下文“It makes partners feel ignored. Parental phone use can also affect children, weakening bonds with younger ones and hurting the self-esteem of older ones.(这让合作伙伴感到被忽视。父母使用手机也会影响孩子，削弱与年幼孩子的联系，伤害年长孩子的自尊)”说明“phubbing”的具体危害。空处和前文为顺接关系，并引出下文，说明“phubbing”的危害，所以B项“随着时间的推移，这会慢慢破坏你亲密的关系”符合语境，该项中的This指代上文“phubbing”。故选B。 2．上文“Rather than blame yourself, trying to be more mindful when using your phone can help.(与其责怪自己，不如试着在使用手机时更加注意)”说明使用手机时更加注意会有帮助，下文“Dr. Kaitlyn Regehr from University College London suggests a simple method: every time you pick up your phone, tell the person with you why, and put it down again when finished.(来自伦敦大学学院的凯特琳·雷格尔博士提出了一个简单的方法：每次拿起手机时，都要告诉身边的人你拿手机的原因，用完后就再把它放下)”给出专家如何使用手机的具体方法。空处起到承上启下的作用，说明如何明智地使用手机，并自然引出后文Dr. Regehr的具体建议。所以G项“根据一位心理学家称，有意识地使用手机会更有效”符合语境，该项中的“a psychologist”和下文中的“Dr. Kaitlyn Regehr from University College London”先呼应，“being intentional with phone use”和上文中的“be more mindful”相呼应。故选G。 3．上文“We often check messages or notifications without thinking.(我们经常不假思索地查看信息或通知)”说明我们经常不假思索地查看信息或通知，下文“For example, say “I need to reply to this message, then I’ll focus on you again.”（例如，说“我需要回复这条信息，然后我会再次关注你。”)”说明解释自己使用手机的原因，空处和前文为转折关系，需要给出改变这一习惯的关键做法。所以A项“真正有帮助的是明确你为什么要使用手机”符合语境，既对应前文的无意识行为，又和后文的举例内容相呼应。故选A。 4．上文“By explaining what you’re doing, you break the habit of automatic phone-checking and show others they still matter.(通过解释你在做什么，你可以打破自动检查手机的习惯，并向别人展示他们仍然很重要)”说明向别人解释你在做什么的好处，空处和前文为顺接关系，说明这样做对别人的影响，所以D项“这样，对方就不会感到被遗忘或不重要”符合语境，该项中的“the other person won’t feel forgotten or unimportant”和前文中的“show others they still matter”相呼应。故选D。 5．上文“Not everyone reacts the same way, but once someone feels ignored, they may pick up their own phone.(不是每个人的反应都一样，但一旦有人感到被忽视，他们可能会拿起自己的手机)”说明被忽视的人可能会拿起自己的手机，空处和前文为因果关系，需要点明这种行为引发的恶性循环，所以F项“这可能会引发一个有害的循环，两个人都觉得屏幕上的东西比自己的价值低”符合语境。故选F。 1 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $