Unit8语法讲解及习题_构词法（合成词与派生词） 2025-2026学年冀教版八年级英语下册

冀教英语八下Unit8语法讲解及习题 构词法（合成词与派生词） 一、语法详细讲解 本单元核心语法是构词法（Word Formation），包括合成词（Compound Words）和派生词（Derived Words），通过现有单词组合或添加词缀来创造新词。 （一）合成词（Compound Words） 由两个或多个单词直接组合而成，表达新的含义。 构成方式 示例 名词 + 名词 land + slide = landslide（山体滑坡）；earth + quake = earthquake（地震） 动词 + 名词 tooth + brush = toothbrush（牙刷） 形容词 + 名词 green + house = greenhouse（温室） （二）派生词（Derived Words） 通过在词根上添加前缀（prefix）或后缀（suffix）构成新词。 词缀类型 示例 前缀（改变词义） un- + happy = unhappy（不开心的）；re- + build = rebuild（重建） 后缀（改变词性） second + -ary = secondary（次生的）；harm + -ful = harmful（有害的）；luck + -y = lucky（幸运的）；create + -ive = creative（有创造力的）；create + -ion = creation（创造） 二、习题训练 （一）单项选择 1. The word “landslide” is a ___________ word. A. compound B. derived C. simple 2. “Secondary” is a derived word from “second” by adding the suffix ___________. A. -ful B. -ary C. -y 3. “Earthquake” is formed by combining “earth” and “___________”. A. quake B. shake C. shock 4. “Harmful” is a derived word from “harm” by adding the suffix ___________. A. -ful B. -less C. -ary 5. “Toothbrush” is a compound word made of “tooth” and “___________”. A. brush B. wash C. clean 6. “Lucky” is a derived word from “luck” by adding the suffix ___________. A. -y B. -ful C. -ary 7. “Creative” is a derived word from “create” by adding the suffix ___________. A. -ive B. -ion C. -ful 8. “Creation” is a derived word from “create” by adding the suffix ___________. A. -ion B. -ive C. -y 9. The word “firefighter” is a ___________ word. A. compound B. derived C. simple 10. “Unsafe” is a derived word from “safe” by adding the prefix ___________. A. un- B. re- C. dis- （二）用所给单词的适当形式填空 11. I feel very ___________ (luck) to have escaped the earthquake. 12. The water from the plant is ___________ (harm) to sea life. 13. Their ___________ (create) ideas have inspired new products. 14. The ___________ (create) of the new app took six months. 15. The ___________ (fire) bravely fought against the forest fire. 16. A ___________ (land) occurred after the heavy rain. 17. The ___________ (earth) caused serious damage to the city. 18. It is ___________ (danger) to stay in the building during an earthquake. （三）将下列单词按构词法分类 19. secondary 20. landslide 21. harmful 22. earthquake 23. toothbrush 24. lucky 合成词：____________________________________________ 派生词：____________________________________________ （四）根据提示写出单词 25. second + -ary → ___________（次生的） 26. land + slide → ___________（山体滑坡） 27. earth + quake → ___________（地震） 28. harm + -ful → ___________（有害的） 29. luck + -y → ___________（幸运的） 30. create + -ion → ___________（创造） （五）完成短文 A 31. ___________ (earth) hit Japan in 2011, causing a huge 32. ___________ (tsunami). The disaster led to a 33. ___________ (second) crisis at the Fukushima nuclear plant. The 34. ___________ (harm) radioactive water was released into the ocean, which made people feel 35. ___________ (worry) about the environment. 三、答案及解析 （一）单项选择 1. A 解析：landslide由land和slide合成，是合成词。 2. B 解析：secondary是second加后缀-ary构成的派生词。 3. A 解析：earthquake由earth和quake合成。 4. A 解析：harmful是harm加后缀-ful构成的派生词。 5. A 解析：toothbrush由tooth和brush合成。 6. A 解析：lucky是luck加后缀-y构成的派生词。 7. A 解析：creative是create加后缀-ive构成的派生词。 8. A 解析：creation是create加后缀-ion构成的派生词。 9. A 解析：firefighter由fire和fighter合成，是合成词。 10. A 解析：unsafe是safe加前缀un-构成的派生词。 （二）用所给单词的适当形式填空 11. lucky 12. harmful 13. creative 14. creation 15. firefighter 16. landslide 17. earthquake 18. dangerous （三）将单词分类 · 合成词：20. landslide；22. earthquake；23. toothbrush · 派生词：19. secondary；21. harmful；24. lucky （四）根据提示写出单词 25. secondary 26. landslide 27. earthquake 28. harmful 29. lucky 30. creation （五）完成短文 31. earthquake 32. tsunami 33. secondary 34. harmful 35. worried ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $