2026届高考英语二轮复习语法精讲精练 名词性从句 讲义

该高中英语导学案系统梳理高考名词性从句核心考点，按定义、引导词类型（that, whether/if, 疑问词, what/wh-ever）构建知识网络，通过典题试做与策略指导，引导学生自主分析从句功能与引导词用法，形成层次分明的认知体系。 亮点在于诊断性自测与个性化提升设计，如高效演练模块的单句语法填空、改错及语法填空真题训练，培养学生思维品质与学习能力。书面表达易错点聚焦助学生自主纠错，教师可依据演练结果精准指导，支持因材施教，提升备考实效。

高考英语二轮复习语法精讲精练--名词性从句 定义：所谓名词性从句，就是带有引导词的从句在整个句子中充当主语，表语，宾语，或者同位语，相当于一个名词，具有名词的性质，我们就把这样的从句叫作名词性从句 一、知识点梳理 考点一　各种名词性从句的定义 ①It is quite obvious that whoever often shows off will finally end up in failure.(主语从句) 很显然，经常炫耀的人最终将要以失败而告终。 that whoever often shows off will finally end up in failure that 引导主语从句，在整个句子中充当主语(真正的主语it是形式主语)，whoever often shows off 是宾语从句中的主语从句，作will finally end up in failure的主语 ②Could you please explain to me how you operate the machine？(宾语从句) 你能否给我解释一下你如何操作这台机器的？ how you operate the machine ，how引导的宾语从句，作explain 的宾语 ③Everyone was excited to hear the news that he had got the first prize.(同位语从句) 大家听到他获得一等奖这个新闻都很激动。 that he had got the first prize 是that引导的同位语从句 ④—What a beautiful city ! —This is what I am looking forward to visiting .(表语从句) ——多美的城市啊！ ——这就是我一直期待参观的地方。 what I am looking forward to visiting what 引导的从句作表语，在表语从句中what作非谓语动词visiting 的宾语 考点总结 1．主语从句：在整个主从复合句中相当于一个名词，充当主语的从句叫主语从句。 2．宾语从句：在整个复合句中作宾语，相当于一个名词，充当宾语，这样的名词性从句叫宾语从句，、及物动词的宾语、介词的宾语或放在某些形容词之后，如：I am glad that he can come to see me 。 3．同位语从句：跟在一个抽象名词之后，对该名词作进一步解释说明,而且这个名词一定要能表达一定的内容如：news,idea ,purpose dream等。 4．表语从句：放在系动词后面，在整个复合句中相当于一个名词，这个带有引导词的具有名词性质的从句就叫表语从句。 考点二　that引导的名词性从句 1．that引导主语从句 ①That you had a cold won't be an excuse for your failure. 你患感冒不能成为你失败的借口。 That you had a cold 是that引导的从句 ②It is announced in today's newspaper that President Putin will pay a visit to China next week. 今天报纸上宣称普京总统下周要对中国进行访问。 that President Putin will pay a visit to China next week. that引导的从句在整个句子中作真正的主语，it 作形式主语，为了平衡句子把主语从句移到句尾，这里的that 也不能省略 连词that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。在宾语从句中有时可省略。 考点总结 1．that引导主语从句位于句首时，虽然本身无意义，但是不可省略。 That he has got the first prize makes his teacher feel very proud. 2．that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有： ①It＋be＋形容词(obvious，exciting，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc.)＋that从句。 如：It is obvious that the sun rises in the east. ②It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder，an honor，a pity，no surprise，etc.)＋that从句。 It is no wonder that he has passed the driving test,because he practices more than others . ③It＋ be＋过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，etc.)＋that从句。 It is reported that the suspect has been arrested. 2．that引导宾语从句 ①I truly believe that failure is the mother of success. 我确信失败是成功之母。 ②Tom is a good boy，except that he is sometimes a little naughty. 汤姆是个好男孩，除了有时有点调皮。 ③I find it necessary that you ought to devote more time to speaking English. 我发现你们有必要投入更多时间说英语。 考点总结 1．常见的可以接that (that可以省略)从句作宾语的动词有imagine，discover，believe，tell，show，think，consider等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think，make，consider等，可以用it作形式宾语，如：I consider it very necessary that we learn English well。 2．that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except，in的宾语, 如The painting he draws is very fantastic except that it is a little small in size。 3．that引导表语从句和同位语从句 ①My suggestion is that we should start earlier so that we can catch the early train.(表语从句) 我的建议是我们应该出发以便我们能够赶上早班火车。 ②Our CEO put forward a suggestion that we should cooperate with each other because there is too much work to do.(同位语从句) 我们总裁提出了一条建议，我们应该团结协作，因为有太多工作要做。 考点总结 1．that引导表语从句时，一般不能省略。 2．that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词如fact，suggestion，idea，news，problem，possibility等后，注意只起到对前面名起到解释说明的作用，不是限定的作用，要区别于定语从句，定语从句中引导词等于前面的名词（先行词），同位语从句中的that只起引导作用，在从句中不充当成分，但一般不能省略。 考点三　whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句 ①It remains to be seen whether the newly-made rule can come into use . 新制定的规则是否能实施还有待观察。(主语从句，不可用if代替whether) ②I wondered whether/if he would participate in the match. 我想知道他是否参加比赛。(宾语从句，可用if代替whether) ③The question is whether the film is worth seeing again. 问题是这部电影值不值得再看一次。(表语从句，不可用if代替whether) ④He asked us the question whether we can finish the task on time. 他问我们一个问题：我们能否准时完成这项任务。(同位语从句，不可用if代替whether) ⑤I worry about whether she can get through the difficulty. 我担心她是否能克服这个困难。(介词后的宾语从句中，不可用if代替whether) 考点总结 1．whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换，只用whether，不用if，如下： ①与or或or not连用时，只用whether不用if ②从句作介词宾语时,只用whether不用if 2．在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时,只用whether而不用if如： Whether I will take part in the accident has not been decided. My question is whether he can offer me some useful advice. The news whether he will devote all his possessions is not clear. 考点四　who，why，how，where，when等引导的名词性从句 ①How we solve the problems has something to do with what we master. 我们解决问题的方式与我们掌握的知识有一定关系。 ②Where we live has a long history我们生活的地方有着悠久的历史。 ③I don't know why it was that our president didn’t attend such an important meeting. 我不知道到底为什么我们的董事长没有出席如此重要的会议。 ④Some students don’t understand why they are studying，so they waste much time playing games. 有些学生不明白他们为什么学习，所以他们浪费了很多时间来玩游戏。 ⑤I doubt whether Tom can finish the task on time. 我怀疑Tom是否能按时完成任务。 考点总结 1．who，why，how，where，when等引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语。 It hasn’t been admitted who will try out for the competition. 2．引导宾语从句。常见的有wonder，show，discuss，understand，inform，advise等。 I wonder where I can find what I lost at the school gate yesterday. 3．引导介词的宾语从句。 I am interested in how he came here. 4．引导表语从句和同位语从句。 This is where I have worked and lived for more than 10 years. 考点五　what，wh－ever引导的名词性从句 ①We should study hard to gain much knowledge，which is not what we students come to school for. 我们应该努力学习获得丰富知识，这就是我们学生来上学的目的。 ②Whoever breaks the laws is sure to be punished .(主语从句) 无论谁破坏法律都一定会被惩罚 ③We promise whoever attends the party will get a nice present.(宾语从句) 我们承诺无论谁参加晚会，都会得到一份精美的礼物。 ④Your support matters to our work.Whatever you do will be beneficial to us.(主语从句) 你的支持对于我们的工作很重要，不管你做什么都会使我们受益匪浅。 考点总结 1．what引导名词性从句时，意为“什么”或“……的”，在从句中用来作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 I like what I like. 2．wh－ever引导名词性从句时，其作用等同于其前面的连接词，意为“任何……”或“无论……”，含有强调的语气。 Whatever you give me will make me interested.(主语从句) I am interested in whatever you give me .（宾语从句） 二、高考中应用 ◆名词性从句与语法填空 在语法填空题中主要考查名词性从句中的连接词。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，其连接词一般不可省略(宾语从句中的that可省略)。 [典题试做1] 在空白处填入适当的连接词 1．The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust. 2．—I wonder________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years. —By working out every day. 3．You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. 4．We must find out ________ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him. 答案：1.that　引导表语从句，在从句中没有意思，也不做成分 2.how　引导宾语从句，在从句中作方式状语 3.where　引导宾语从句，在从句作地点状语 4.when引导宾语从句，在从句中作时间状语 [应对策略1] 我们要在心中牢记这样一个概念，英语中没有顿号这个标点符号，逗号不是句子的结束，而是语气或者语义的停顿，分号相当于and ,but ,or 这些并列连词构成并列分句，只有感叹号，问号，句号才是句子的终结，也就是说这个时候才构成一个完整的句子，若整个句子中出现两个谓语动词，就能判断为两个简单句，这两个简单句之间的关系要么是并列句，要么是复合句，要是并列句的话，就应该在句子出现and,but ,or 等这类并列连词，这个句子就是并列句，如果没有并列词，那么这个句子就应该是复合句，英语中只要是复合句，句子中就应该有引导词，那么带有引导词的这个分句，在整个句子中就应该充当一个成分，作主语的就是主语从句，同理可推，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，定语从句，状语从句。 ◆名词性从句与短文改错 在复合句中难点在于怎么判断从句，属于什么从句，引导词在从句充当什么成分，这就要求同学们要熟练掌握，并判断分析出句子中关键词（主语是动词）词性，从而知道句子中缺少什么成分 [典题试做2] 单句改错(每小题1处错误) 1.My aunt runs a shop close to that she lives.________ 2.My family and I are discussing how to do during the winter holiday.________ 3.He hurried up to the station，only to be told where the train had been away for five minutes.________ 4.How do you think he should do next？________ 答案：1.that→where　介词to的宾语从句，从句中live 缺地点状语 2.how→what　介词about省略形式的宾语从句,do 缺宾语 3.where→that或去掉where　told的宾语从句，不缺成分，where应该去掉或者成that 4.How→What 可以看成宾语从句，也可以理解do you think为插入语，do都是缺宾语 [应对策略2] 名词性从句中的知识点，主要是如何判断在整个句子中，出现了两个谓语动词的情况下，怎么就能断定就是名词性从句：要做如下处理： (1)根据标点符号，找出句子 （2）根据谓语动词判断几个简单句（一般来说一个谓语动词就构成一个简单句，并列谓语动词除外） （3）看是否有并列连词，排出并列句 （4）看谓语动词是否缺主语，宾语，系动词是否缺表语，介词是否缺宾语，引导词前面的名词是否是等于引导词，排除定语从句 （5）注意定语从句中作主语，宾语表示物的引导词用which,that而在名词性从句中作主语，宾语，表语表示物的引导词用what ◆书面表达中名词性从句易错点聚焦 1．语序问题 (误)These photos indicate what_does_the attractions_look_like. (正)These photos indicate what_the attractions_look_like. 此处宾语从句的语序应用陈述语序，而不是特殊疑问句的语序，因为从句都不表示疑问。 (误)Do_you_think what is the most important ? (正)what do_you_think is the most important ? 在疑问语气中，宾语从句的连接词应担当特殊疑问词的角色位于句首。 2．what和that的运用 (误)Zhongdian was that was first called“Shangri-La” by people. (正)Zhongdian was what was first called “Shangri-La” by people. 在名词性从句中，连接词that既不作任何句子成分，也没有意义；而连接代词what则相反，它既充当从句的主干成分也有其自身的意义。 另外，我们可以把what解释为：the＋名词＋that/which。 3．whether和if的运用 (误)If we'll delay the party has not been decided yet. (正)Whether we'll delay the party has not been decided yet. whether适用于任何情况；if(作“是否”讲)仅限于动词宾语从句中，但discuss，decide等动词后的宾语从句除外。 4．连接词的使用易受汉语干扰 (误)The reason why he didn’t come is because he was involved in heavy work. (正)The reason why he didn’t come is that he was involved in heavy work. 通过提取简化可得出：The reason is because...在英语中这显然造成了重复现象。 三、高效演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The happiest persons enjoy________life offers them. 2．Only he knows________counts most to him. 3．My mother allowed us to make friends, but she must know________our friends were. 4．________surprises us most is that robots can talk with people. 5．When reading，be sure to make a note of________you think is of great importance. 答案：1.what/whatever 宾语从句中作offers宾语　 2.what　宾语从句中作主语 3.who　宾语从句中作表语 4.What　主语从句中作主语 5.what 介词of的宾语从句中作主语 Ⅱ.单句改错 1．That Jay Chou offers to his fans is his songs like poems and paintings.________ 2．It was not known to us why he hadn't reported the accident to his leader at once.________ 3．It is still under discussion if the old post office should be replaced with a school or not.________ 4．What he needs to do is he stays where he is and waits for rescue.________ 5．The reason why he didn’t turn up was because it was raining heavily.________ 答案：1.That→What　主语从句中缺一个直接宾语，所以用what 2.why→　whether 3.if→whether　主语从句引导词不能用if要用whether 4.is后加that　表语从句中that 不能省略 5.because→that reason 的表语从句不能用because 引导 Ⅲ.语法填空 Scientists have known for years 1 people who exercise tend to live longer than 2 do not. Perhaps one of the best things we can do for our bodies is 3 we simply take a walk after meals. Some people might doubt 4 walking is not intense enough to offer any health benefits. They may say that playing sports or running hard would be much better 5 they tend to use more energy. 6. walking also has many hidden benefits is being understood gradually. One of the best things about walking is 7 it can strengthen our hearts. Walking will pump blood faster and give our circulatory system a workout. This also helps to control blood pressure. As a result, we can lower the chance of having a stroke by up to 27 percent. Even a short 30-minute walk at the speed of 3 kilometers per hour can burn 75 calories for a person 8 weighs 60 kilograms. A daily walking routine can be a good part of an overall weight loss plan. Studies show that 9. try to lose weight by jogging will give up within six months. Walking causes the brain to release endorphins throughout the body, 10 helps to lighten our mood. They also make us feel relaxed, more alert and happier. Walking is an excellent way to reduce stress and anger. 参考答案： 1.that 2.who 3. that 4. whether 5. because 6.that 7.that 8. who 9.whoever 10.which ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $