Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good 单元知识点导学案 -2025-2026学年译林版高中英语必修第一册

新高一 B1U4 知识点梳理 基础知识检测 课程导航 归纳总结 单句语法填空之定语从句三 1. There was a time__when___ I hated to go to school. 2. I shall never forget those years ____when__ I lived in the country with the farmers,__which__ has a great effect on my life. 3. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town __where___ he grew up as a child. 4. The film brought the hours back to me___when___ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. 5. The day____when______ I was given a job finally came 6. Do you want to buy the same radio ___as____ was shown on TV? 7. She was wearing the same dress ___that_______ she had on the day before. 8. I hated the way _that_ he treated me. 9. ___As__ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules. 10. David is such a good boy ___as_______ all the teachers like. 11. David is so good a boy ____that___ all the teachers like him. 12.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, __when__ the weather may be better. 13.He asked a lot of questions, and none of ____them__ was easy to answer. 14．____As____is known to us, the actress is famous for her excellent performance. 15.We live in an age ___when___ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 16. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,____who___ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. 17. It is the third time that she has won the race, ____which____ has surprised us all. 18. That evening, __which__ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. 19. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without __whose______help I would never have got this far. 20. The days are gone ___when___ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. unit4重点词汇 课程导航 归纳总结 52. immediately adv. 立即，马上conj. 一……就 ……→immediate adj. 立刻的，即刻的 53. concentrate vi. & vt. 集中(注意力、思想等)；全神贯注→concentration n. 专心; 关注; 集中; 聚集 concentrate (sth. ) on (doing) sth.　　　 集中于/专心于(做)某事 concentrate one’s attention on. . . 把某人的注意力集中到…… concentrate sth. + 介词/副词 使某物集中(或集合、聚集) 54. concerned adj. 担心的，忧虑的；关注的，关切的 →concern n. 忧虑, 担心 be/become concerned about　　　 为……担心; 对……关注 be concerned with 关心; 涉及 as far as sb. be concerned 就某人而言, 在某人看来 show/express concern for/over 对……表示关心 55. effect n. 效果，作用；影响→effective adj. 有效的；生效的→effectively adv. 有效地 in effect　　　　　　 事实上, 实际上 have an effect on 对……有影响 come into effect 生效 side effect 副作用 例句：The recommendations will soon be put into effect.这些建议即将付诸实施。 New controls come into effect next month.下月开始实施新的管制措施。 Modern farming methods can have a side effect on the environment. 现代农业耕作方法可能对环境造成负面的影响。 The crisis had a negative effect on trade. 这次危机对贸易产生了很坏的影响。 Overseas investment has had a positive effect on exports. 海外投资对出口有积极影响。 56. prove linking v. 后来被发现是vt. 证明，证实 57. frightened adj. 害怕的，惊吓的，受惊的→fright n. 害怕, 惊恐→frighten vt. 使惊吓, 使惊恐→frightening adj. 令人恐惧的 be frightened of doing sth. 害怕做某事 be frightened to do sth. 不敢做某事 frighten sb. to death 把某人吓坏了 58. attack n. 发作；攻击；抨击vt. & vi. 攻击；侵袭；抨击 例句：The patrol came under attack from all sides.巡逻队受到四面八方的攻击。 They found themselves in a passive position under attack. 他们发现自己处于被动挨打的局面。 The commander disposed his forces so as to make an attack on the enemy. 司令官对他的部队做了部署以便进攻敌军。 59. amount n. 数量 60. treatment n. 治疗；对待，待遇；处理→treat v. 对待，治疗 61. fashion n. 时尚，时兴；流行款式→fashionable adj. 赶时髦的 62. strength n. 优势；力气，力量；实力→strengthen v. 加强，增强→strong adj. 强壮的→strongly adv. 坚强地 63. talent n. 天资，天赋；人才，天才→talented adj. 有天赋的；有才能的 64. content n. 内容；目录 adj. 满意的 v.使……满意 65. end up 最终成为，最终处于 end up with以……告终 end up＋副词/介词短语 以……告终 end up as最终成为…… end up doing sth. 以做某事告终 4.take over to移交;遗留给 take over夺取;接管 take off脱;去掉;起飞;(事业)蓬勃发展 take up占据(时间、空间等);开始(学习或某种爱好);从事,对……感兴趣 take after与……相像 take on呈现;具有;担任(工作);承担(责任);雇用 take in 收留（尤指无家可归者或逃难者）; 欺骗; 理解;领会;（人、动物或植物）摄入，吸收 例句：They always take in the homeless. 他们经常收留无家可归的人。 Humans take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. 人吸入氧气，呼出二氧化碳。 She decided that I was the ideal person to take over the job 她认定我是接手这份工作的最佳人选。 I don't feel ready to take on new responsibilities. 我不愿意承担新的责任。 unit4重点句型 课程导航 归纳总结 句型分析 1、The news report below is about a teenage girl who tried to lose weight by skippingmeals.who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词a teenage girl, who 在从句中作主语,可替换为 that,不可省略。2、Jennifer was found to have dangerously low blood sugar levels and was treated immediately.动词不定式短语作主语补足语说明 Jennifer 的状态 3、 Jennifer thought that skipping meals would be a simple way to reach her target weight, " her friend Laura Williams told ourreporter.动词-ing 短语作主语;动词不定式短语作后置定语修饰抽象名词4、 Jenmifer’ s case is a reminder ofthe dangers of the unhealthy weight-loss habits that have become common among teenagers ofboth sexes.that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词 habits.that 在从句中作主语。5、 In a society where being thin is oftenseen as being beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim downquickly.where 引导的定语从句,修饰先行词 society.where 在从句中作地点状语。;动词不定式短语作目的状语6、 According to a recent survey of senior high school students’ lifestyles, almost one fith of teenagers regularly skip meals.one inten over-exercise as and four per cent even take weight-loss medicine.“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由0f后面的名词决定，即当名词为可数名词复数形式时，调语动词用复数形式:当名词为可数名词单数形式或不可数名词时。谓语动词用单数形式 7、 It is normal for teenagers to be slightly overweight and there is no reason why they should be worried.[句 2! It + bc+ adi. ( +for sb.)+to do sth(对某人未说)做某事是.的。1t为形式主语，动词不定式短语为真正的主语。;why 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 8、 However, for those who are dangerouslv overweight, it is very important that thev try to lose weight properly. " said anexpert.who 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 those。;it 为形式主语，that 引导的主语从句作真正的主语9、 he pointed out that it is important to have a healthy balanced diet since teenagers are still growing and their bodies need a lotofnutrition to function well.since引导的原因状语从句 10、 She added, " What's more,they should keep regular hours and get plenty of exercise to stay energetic and fit.系表结构. stay在此作系动词，意为"保持，维持”。 句型分析: 1、My experience proves/ has proved what a bad idea it is to try to lose weight by skipping meals.what引导的感叹句充当宾语从句，语序为陈述语序。what 在此不作成分，只加强语气。该从句中it 为形式主语，动词不定式短语为真正的主语。2、I also understand that being healthy andenergetic is more important than being slim.单个的动词-ing短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 单元知识运用 课程导航 归纳总结 考点二：重要短语运用 例2．用方框内内短语的适当形式填空 rise to; take on; back down; as a result of; on the rocks, take advantage of; stick to; draw sth out of; bring out; make the most of; let go of; look forward to 66. The president refuses to ________ on this issue in the international meeting. 67. You must ________ the idea that to be single is to be unhappy and unfulfilled. 68. ________ their joint effort, the difficult situation changed into a favorable one. 69. Now that you’ve got the chance, you might as well ________ it. 70. The company has been ________ since the internet bubble was exploded. 71. I managed to ________ the diet and keep off sweet foods. 72. I’m going to ________ this tour to explore the history of the castle 73. Pressure can ________ the worst in people. 74. I can’t ________ any extra work, for I’m too tired today. 75. When you can ________ the challenges, you will have the chance to enjoy personal growth. 【答案】 66. back down 67. let go of 68. As a result of 69.make the most of 70. on the rocks 71. stick to 72. take advantage of 73. bring out 74. take on 75. rise to 【解析】 【66题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：总统拒绝在国际会议上放弃这个问题。分析句子可知，空格处应填入动词短语。根据句意，此处意为“放弃”，故选back down。back down on sth.意为“放弃（别人强烈反对的要求，主张等）；认输”。refuse to do sth.，“拒绝做某事”，故此处应用动词原形。故填back down。 【67题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：你必须放弃单身就是不快乐和不满足的想法。分析句子可知，空格处应填入动词短语。根据句意，此处意为“放弃；舍弃”，故选let go of。故填let go of。 【68题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：由于他们的共同努力，困难的局面变成了有利的局面。分析句子可知，空格处应填入介词短语，在句中作状语。根据句意，此处意为“由于，因为”，故选as a result of。置于句首，首字母应大写。故填As a result of。 【69题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：既然你有机会了，你不妨好好利用一下。分析句子可知，空格处应填入动词短语。根据句意，此处意为“好好利用（机会）”，故选make the most of。may as well do sth. “不妨做某事”，故此处应用动词原形。故填make the most of。 【70题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：自从互联网泡沫破灭以来，该公司一直处于困境。分析句子可知，空格处应填入介词短语。根据句意，此处意为“濒临失败；岌岌可危”，故选on the rocks。故填on the rocks。 【71题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我设法坚持这种饮食，不吃甜食。分析句子可知，空格处应填入动词短语。根据句意，此处意为“坚持”，故选stick to。manage to do sth. “设法做某事”，故此处应用动词原形。故填stick to。 【72题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我打算利用这次旅行探索城堡的历史。分析句子可知，空格处应填入动词短语。根据句意，此处意为“利用”，故选take advantage of。be going to do sth.“打算做某事”，故此处应用动词原形。故填take advantage of。 【73题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：压力会使人表现出最坏的一面。分析句子可知，空格处应填入动词短语。根据句意，此处意为“使显现，使表现出 ”，故选bring out。空格前有情态动词can，故此处应用动词原形。故填bring out。 【74题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我无法承担任何额外的工作，因为我今天太累了。分析句子可知，空格处应填入动词短语。根据句意，此处意为“承担”，故选take on。空格前有情态动词can，故此处应用动词原形。故填take on。 【75题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：当你能够处理挑战时，你将有机会享受个人成长。分析句子可知，空格处应填入动词短语。根据句意，此处意为“处理或应对挑战”，故选rise to。rise to sth.“有能力处理（突发情况，问题等）”。空格前有情态动词can，故此处应用动词原形。故填rise to。 be rushed to; get into shape; turn to; struggle with; be concerned about; prove to be; pass out; what's more; rather than; see...as...; warn...against...; take in 1. On weekends the Smiths form the habit of driving to the countryside and __________ the fresh air there. 2. Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean, an area that the United States has long __________ its own backyard. 3. They are going to get married, and __________， they are setting up in business together. 4. Perhaps one day this book ________________ of much more use to you in your studies than you expected. 5. Moments later, an ambulance arrived, and suffering from shock, Heather and Nathan ____________ the hospital. 6. Her husband was unsympathetic and she felt unhappy but she had no one ______________． 7. Many places are __________________ traffic problems as more and more cars fill the roads. 8. Steve __________________ on the floor and woke up blinded and in severe pain. 9. In order for me to change my bad eating habits and __________________，I had to first change my mind's association with working out and eating properly. 10. People offered mutual support and assistance in times of trouble and __________ the welfare(福利) of their fellows. 【答案】 1. taking in　2. seen as　3. what's more　4. will prove to be　5. were rushed to　 6. to turn to 7. struggling with　8. passed out　9. get into shape 10. were concerned about 语法：主谓一致 课程导航 归纳总结 一、知识脉络 二、知识精讲 1.语法一致原则 (1)主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 She has made great progress in this semester.她这学期取得了很大进步。 Apples are my favorite fruit.苹果是我最爱的水果。 1．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）Up to now, China (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has established 【详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 2．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）The American superstar (spot) with a young physically-challenged Qatari boy, Al Muftah. The boy was born with a rare condition known as CRS. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】was spotted 【详解】 考查动词语态。句意：这这位美国巨星被拍到与一名年轻的卡塔尔残疾男孩Al Muftah在一起。这名男孩出生时患有一种罕见的CRS。分析句子可知，spot作谓语，与主语superstar是被动关系，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，故填was spotted。 (2)“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Many a student takes a walk on campus after dinner.许多学生晚饭后在校园里散步。 More than one person is involved in this case.不止一个人与这个案件有关。 (3)复合不定代词，如someone/anyone/everyone/nobody/something/anything/everything作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Is anything wrong?有什么问题吗? (4)“each of+复数名词/them/us/you”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，但“we/you/they+each”或“复数名词+each”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Each of the answers is worth 20 points.每道答案为20分。 The answers each are worth 20 points.每道答案为20分。 (5)不定式、动名词、从句或“疑问词+不定式”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 To see is to believe./Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 (6)all单独作主语表示人时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示事物时，谓语动词用单数形式。 All are happy to have a picnic.大家都很高兴去野餐。 All is well that ends well.结果好，一切都好。 (7)由and连接的两个并列主语，表示同一人、物、概念或表示不可分割的整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。 A teacher and writer is going to give us a talk.一位老师兼作家要给我们做演讲。 (8)当and连接的作主语的单数名词由each,every,no等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Each boy and each girl has been invited to the tea party.每个男孩儿和每个女孩儿都被邀请参加了茶话会。 (9)“分数/百分数+of+the+名词”作主语时，谓语动词与of后的名词的数保持一致。 50%of the land is now suitable to grow plants in that area.那个地区百分之五十的土地现在适合种庄稼。 3．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）Wang was born and grew up in America, but she (build) solid ties with Chinese culture since she was a little girl.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has built 【详解】 考查时态。句意：王女士出生并长在美国，但是从她是个小女孩的时候，她就和中国文化产生了牢固的联系。此处主语为she，build为谓语动词，主语she与build之间为主动关系，且根据后文的时间状语从句since she was a little girl可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填has built。 4．（23-24高二下·江苏·课后作业）Thirty years (be) a long time, but it doesn’t mean that I will give up.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：三十年是很长的一段时间，但这并不意味着我会放弃。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主语“Thirty years”视为一个整体，谓语动词应用单数，故填is。 (10)“a number of+可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of+可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 A number of other plants were found in America.在美洲还发现了许多别的植物。 The number of employees was reduced from 40 to 25.雇员人数从40人减少到25人。 5．（2022高三·全国·专题练习）The film is so that my friend Kate who easily is to see it. (scare) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 scary scares scared 【详解】考查形容词和动词。句意：这部电影太恐怖了，我的朋友凯特很容易被吓到，她也害怕去看。空①填形容词作表语，根据句意，说明事物的特征，用scary“吓人的；恐怖的”符合句意，空②是从句的谓语动词，who引导定语从句，根据前文的is和后文的is可知用一般现在时，who指代Kate，第三人称单数，从句中作主语，故scare“受惊吓”用第三人称单数形式，且是不及物动词，用主动语态，故填scares；空③作表语，用scared“恐惧的”说明主语my friend Kate的感受，故填①scary②scares③scared。 6．（23-24高三上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）The scientific literature evaluating these techniques (stretch) back decades and across thousands of articles. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】stretches 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：评估这些技术的科学文献可以追溯到几十年前，有数千篇文章。stretch back追溯到。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语是The scientific literature，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填stretches。(11)“a quantity of+不可数名词或可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词通常与后面名词的数保持一致。但“quantities of+不可数名词或可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。 A large quantity of books were sent to the library.大量的书被送到了图书馆。 Great quantities of sand were washed down the hillside by the rain.大量的沙土被雨水冲下了山坡。 (12)当定语从句的先行词是“one of+复数名词”时，从句的谓语动词用复数形式，而当one of之前有the only,the mere等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Jeff is one of the journalists who were awarded.杰夫是当时受嘉奖的新闻记者之一。 Jeff is the only one of the journalists who was awarded.杰夫是当时唯一受嘉奖的新闻记者。 (13)由as well as,along with,together with,with,including,in addition to,like,except,but,besides,no less than,rather than等连接的并列主语在意义上更强调前面的主语。根据“语法一致”的原则，谓语动词的形式通常与前面主语的人称和数保持一致。 The students,together with their teacher,are going to have a dinner this weekend. 这些学生打算本周末同他们的老师一起去吃晚饭。 Henry,rather than Jane and John,is responsible for the loss.损失的责任应由亨利而不是由简和约翰来承担。 (14)表示有两部分构成的物体的名词，如pants,trousers,glasses,scissors,gloves等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。当主语被kind of/type of/pair of修饰时，谓语动词的数取决于kind/type/pair的单复数形式。 Here are some new types of glasses.这里有几款新眼镜。His gloves are very dirty.他的手套很脏。 7．（19-20高二上·黑龙江双鸭山·期中）The musician along with his band members (give) ten performances in the last three months. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】has given 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去三个月里进行了十场演出。根据时间状语in the last three months可知，应用现在完成时。主语The musician为单数，along with连接并列谓语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持主谓一致，助动词使用has。故填has given。 8．（22-23高三下·全国·课时练习）The effectiveness of this medicine (evaluate) by these scientists the other day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was evaluated 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：前几天这些科学家对这种药的有效性进行了评估。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语，由句中的时间状语the other day可知此处应用一般过去时，此处指“这种药的有效性在几天前被这些科学家评估过了”，The effectiveness和evaluate之间是被动关系，且主语是第三人称单数。故填was evaluated。 9．（2023高三下·全国·专题练习）More than one person (be) injured in the accident last night. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：不止一人在昨晚的事故中受伤。根据时间状语last night可知，用一般过去时。more than one +单数名词作主语时，尽管从意义上看是复数，谓语动词用单数。故填was。 10．（22-23高三上·河南南阳·阶段练习）It is the second time that the buildings in the town (survive) the natural disasters. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have survived 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这是该镇的建筑第二次在自然灾害中幸存下来。“it is the+序数词+time+that从句”为固定句型，意为“这是第……次……”，其中that从句应用现在完成时。从句的主语为the buildings，为复数意义，所以助动词应用复数形式have。故填have survived。 11．（22-23高三·全国·假期作业）Mr. Smith as well as two of his students (do) the experiment with care at the moment. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is doing 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：史密斯先生和他的两个学生此刻正在认真地做实验。分析句子结构可知，空格处作谓语，根据时间状语at the moment可知，本句应用现在进行时。当 as well as连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与as well as之前的主语在人称和单复数上保持一致，本句和Mr. Smith保持一致，谓语应用is doing。故答案为is doing。 12．（2022高三下·全国·专题练习）About 30 percent of the land (cover) in forest. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】is covered 【详解】考查动词时态、被动语态和主谓一致。句意：大约30%的土地被森林覆盖。空格处作谓语，根据句意应用一般现在时，主语land为不可数名词，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，且主语和动词cover之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is covered。 13．（2022高三下·全国·专题练习）So far, large quantities of information (send) to the company by email. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】have been sent 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，大量的信息已经通过电子邮件发送到公司。根据时间状语So far可知，用现在完成时。主语information与send之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态。large quantities of 无论修饰可数还是不可数名词，谓语动词都用复数。根据句意，故填have been sent。 14．（2022高三下·全国·专题练习）Wool usually (damage) if washed in hot water. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】damages 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：羊毛在热水中洗涤通常会损坏。空格处在主句中作谓语，根据句意为一般现在时，主语wool为不可数名词，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故填damages。 15．（2022高三下·全国·专题练习）The Great Wall, with a history of more than 2000 years, (locate) in northern China. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is located 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：长城位于中国北部，有2000多年的历史。分析句子可知，空处是谓语部分，主语The Great Wall和动词locate之间是被动关系，且句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是专有名词，表示单数意义，be动词用is，故填is located。 2.意义一致原则 (1)clothing,baggage/luggage,furniture,machinery,scenery,equipment,jewellery等集合名词通常只用作不可数名 词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 If your luggage is overweight,you'll have to pay extra.如果你的行李超重了，你需要额外付费。 (2)有些集体名词，即所谓的“群体名词”,如crew,class,committee,group,government,team,family,audience,crowd等作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于主语的含义。当主语表示整体概念时视为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；当主语表示集体中的个体成员时视为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 My family are going on a trip this summer.我们全家今年夏天要去旅行。 Almost every family in the country owns a car.这个国家几乎每家都有一辆汽车。 (3)表示“时间、距离、金额、重量”等的复数名词作主语表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Ten years is just a moment in history.10年在历史上只是一瞬间。 1．（2022高三下·全国·专题练习）One half of the world’s population (be)Asians. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：世界人口的一半是亚洲人。“one half of+n”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词，此句中population为集体名词，表示整体的含义，为单数，本句在陈述事实，为一般现在时。故填is。 2．（20-21高二·全国·课时练习）Lisa’s family in this city for about sixteen years and her family all fond of music. (be) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 has been are　 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:Lisa一家在这个城市大约16年了,她全家人都喜欢音乐。第一个family视为一个整体，故谓语动词用单数形式，根据时间状语for about sixteen years可知应用现在完成时，故填has been；第二个family指家庭成员，谓语动词用复数形式 ，故填are。故填①has been；②are。 3．（2022高三下·全国·专题练习）At present the police (look) for the lost boy whose trousers (be) blue. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 are looking are 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：目前警察正在寻找那个裤子是蓝色的失踪男孩。look是主句谓语动词，结合时间状语At present可知，描述现在正在发生的事情，用现在进行时态，集体名词police作主语，谓语动词常用复数形式，所以第一空填are looking；be是定语从句中连系动词，主语是复数名词trousers，谓语动词用复数形式，第一空填are。故填①are looking；②are。 4．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）About two thirds of the population of that country (live) on farms. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】live 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：那个国家大约三分之二的人口生活在农场上。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，且“分数或百分数＋of＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词形式要以of后面的名词而定。故谓语用原形。故填live。 5．（2023高三上·全国·专题练习）Three years (have) passed since they met last time, and for them, three years (be) really a long time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 has is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：距离上次见面已经过去了三年，对他们来说，三年真的是很长的时间。表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词表示单位数量用作主语时， 强调主语的数目谓语动词用复数，强调主语为整体，谓语动词用单数，根据句意可知，第一空强调数目谓语动词用复数形式，since意为“自从”引导时间状语从句时，主句使用现在完成时；第二空看作整体，谓语动词用单数形式，结合句意可知此处描述的是现在的情况，所以使用一般现在时态。故填①have ②is。 (4)以s结尾却表示单数或不可数概念的名词，如maths,physics,news等，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。 Statistics is a principal course at the business school.统计学是商学院的一门主要学科。 (5)“the+形容词/分词”表示一类人或事物，作主语时，多表示复数意义，谓语动词常用复数形式。 The old are well looked after by the government.老人们得到政府很好的照顾。 (6)单复数同形的名词，如deer,fish,means,sheep,species,series,headquarters,aircraft等作主语时谓语动词的数应与其实际意义一致。 A sheep is running along the bank of the river.一只绵羊正沿着河岸跑。 Some sheep are running along the bank of the river.一些绵羊正沿着河岸跑。 (7)“none of+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“none of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数形式也可以用复数形式。 None of the money on the table is mine.桌子上的钱都不是我的。 The old couple have three sons but none of them lives/live nearby.那对老夫妇有三个儿子，但他们都不住在附近。 6．（22-23高三上·河南·阶段练习）Quantities of soil (wash) away every year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are washed 【详解】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：每年有大量的土壤被冲走。根据every year可知本句是一般现在时，由于washed与主语Quantities of soil是被动关系，因此要用一般现在时的被动语态，又因“(large) quantities of +名词”作主语时，谓语要用复数。故填are washed。 7．（2022高三上·全国·专题练习）The number of the students who (possess) cell phones (be) increasing rapidly, which affects the normal teaching badly. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 possess is 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：拥有手机的学生人数正在迅速增加，这严重影响了正常的教学。第一空定语从句中谓语与先行词the students保持一致，谓语动词用复数；第二空主语是number，单数意义。故填①possess；②is。 8．（2022高三上·全国·专题练习）“All (be) present and all (be) going on well,” our head teacher said. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 are is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“所有人都到场了，一切都进行得很好，”我们的班主任说。不定代词all作主语，指人时谓语用复数，指物时谓语用单数。由present可知，第一空指人，谓语动词用复数，由going on well可知，第二空指物，谓语动词用单数，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，因此第一空是are，第二空是is，故填are，is。 9．（2022高三上·全国·专题练习）The number of people invited (be) fifty, but a number of them (be)absent for different reasons. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 was were 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：被邀请的人数是五十人，但其中一些人由于不同的原因没有来。the number of…表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数；a number of表示“若干，许多”，谓语用复数。结合语境应用一般过去时。故填①was；②were。 10．（21-22高三下·全国·假期作业）What we need (be) enough water, but what they need (be) houses. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】 is are 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：我们需要的是足够的水，但他们需要的是房子。what引导主语从句，其谓语动词be应和后面名词单复数保持一致，空1后为不可数名词water，故谓语动词用第三人称单数，空2后为复数名词houses，故谓语动词用复数；本句描述现在事实，用一般现在时。故填①is②are。 3.就近一致原则 在there be句型中或由or,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…连接并列主语时，谓语动词的人称和数与离其最近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen,two knives and several books on the table.桌子上有一支钢笔、两把刀和几本书。 Either you or I am going to help him next week.下星期不是你就是我要去帮助他。 Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to this kind of music. 不仅学生们喜欢这种音乐，老师也爱听。 1．（22-23高三·全国·假期作业）Either the manager or his assistants (is, are) to attend the meeting. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：不是经理就是他的助手出席会议。“either...or...”连接两个并列的名词作主语，谓语动词应遵循就近原则。根据空格前的“his assistants”可知，系动词应用are。故填are。 2．（2022高三下·全国·专题练习）Not only the students but also the teacher (be) against the plan at that time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was 【详解】考查时态及主谓一致。句意：当时不仅学生而且老师都反对这项计划。在 Not only… but also… 连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”，由此可知，teacher为单数名词，be动词应使用单数形式；时间状语为at that time，应使用一般过去时。故填was。 3．（2022高三下·全国·专题练习）It is you rather than he who (be) responsible for the children’s safety.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：对孩子们的安全负责的是你而不是他。分析句子可知，句子是强调句型，强调主语you rather than he，空处在who引导的从句中作谓语，且rather than连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的主语，即you保持一致，由is和句意可知，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，故填are。 4．（2022高三下·全国·专题练习）Tom, along with his parents, (be) going to pay a visit to China next month. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：汤姆和他的父母打算下个月去中国访问。根据时间状语next month可知，用一般将来时。along with连接前后两个主语时，谓语动词应和前面的那个主语保持一致。根据句意，故填is。 5．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）Around Christmas time there (be) only one hour of daylight in Sweden. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：大约在圣诞节前后，在瑞典只有一个小时的白天。讲述客观事实用一般现在时，there be句型中，be动词与后面的主语保持人称和数的一致，only one hour of daylight是单数，谓语动词用单数，故填is。 三、解题方法 1.分清主语、找准中心词法 在一些句子中，主语容易受到别的词的影响，这往往会让学生判断失误，如with,together with,along with,but,as well as连接并列的主语时，谓语动词的人称和数应与最前面的名词在人称和数上保持一致。 例(2019·天津，改编)Amy,as well as her brothers,____ (give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 解析句意：艾米和她的兄弟们上周回到村子时受到了热烈的欢迎。当as well as连接并列的成分作主语时，谓语动词应和最前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致；本句中最前面的主语是Amy,故谓语动词应用单数形式。根据时间状语last week可知，此处应用一般过去时；主语Amy和动词give之间为被动关系，所以应用被动语态。故填was given。 2.固定用法归纳法 有一些固定的用法要特别注意： (1)“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 (2)不定代词anybody,anything,something,everybody,no one,nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 (3)表示“时间、距离、价格”等的复数名词作主语表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 (4)“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 (5)被every,each等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 例(2020·江苏省扬州中学高三开学考试)Every man worker and every woman worker_______________(enjoy)free medical care in this company. 解析句意：在这家公司，每位男职工和女职工都享受免费医疗。当and连接的作主语的单数名词由each,every,no等修饰时，谓语动词应用单数形式；根据句意可知，此处描述的是客观事实，故应用一般现在时。答案enjoys 每日一练5 第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） When I was in seventh grade, I was a candy striper (志愿当护士助手的小姑娘) at a local hospital in my town. Most of the 56 I spent there was with Mr. Gillespie. He never had any 57 and nobody seemed to care about his 58 . I spent many days there holding his hand and talking to him, 59 anything that needed to be done. He became a close friend of mine, 60 he responded with only an occasional squeeze(捏)of my hand. Mr. Gillespie was in a coma(昏迷). I left for a week to vacation with my parents, and when I came back, Mr. Gillespie was 61 . I didn’t have the 62 to ask any of the nurses where he was, for fear they might 63 me he had died. Several 64 later, when I was a junior in high school, I was at the gas station when I noticed a familiar face. When I 65 who it was, my eyes were filled with tears. He was 66 ! I got up the nerve to ask him if his name was Mr. Gillespie. With a(n) 67 look on his face, he replied yes. I 68 how I knew him, and that I had spent many hours talking with him in the hospital. His eyes welled up with tears, and he gave me the warmest hug I had ever ____69____ . He began to tell me how, 70 he lay there asleep, he could hear me talking to him and could 71 me holding his hand the whole time. Mr. Gillespie 72 believed that it was my voice and 73 that had kept him alive. Although I haven’t 74 him since, he fills my heart with 75 every day. I know that I made a difference between his life and his death. 56. A. time B. energy C. money D. effort 57. A. patients B. relatives C. visitors D. problems 58. A. condition B. requirement C. interest D. thought 59. A. talking about B. helping with C. pointing out D. looking for 60. A. so B. as if C. yet D. even though 61. A. gone B. mad C. died D. excited 62. A. right B. chance C. courage D. time 63. A. cheat B. warn C. remind D. tell 64. A. days B. years C. months D. weeks 65. A. heard B. wondered C. realized D. asked 66. A. great B. lucky C. successful D. alive 67. A. happy B. proud C. nervous D. uncertain 68. A. explained B. remembered C. apologized D. told 69. A. dreamed B. received C. wanted D. shown 70. A. because B. as C. unless D. if 71. A. notice B. appreciate C. imagine D. feel 72. A. firmly B. rightly C. hardly D. wrongly 73. A. touch B. worry C. humour D. treatment 74. A. forgotten B. seen C. missed D. called 75. A. respect B. regret C. joy D. sympathy 第二部分 语法填空（共10个小题；每小题1分，满分10分） Australia was always a country I wanted to visit so I saved up some money and 76 (take) the plane for Australia at 77 end of the school term. It was strange when I arrived. It was the start of winter! Happily for me the weather was still hot and sunny though. 78 also took me a while to get used to the time difference. The country is 79 ( true) beautiful, full of wildlife you wouldn’t find anywhere else in the world. I visited a koala sanctuary (考拉保护区) in Brisbane —- there were koalas everywhere 80 (sleep) in the trees and I even got the chance 81 (hold) one. I learnt lots of 82 (fact) about koalas, too. For example, koalas can sleep for up to 22 hours a day. At the sanctuary there were also kangaroos (袋鼠) that we 83 (allow) to feed. They were really cute and friendly. Another exciting part of my trip was snorkelling (潜泳) in the Great Barrier Reef, as the water was very clear and blue. I was also lucky to see some 84 ( interest )sea animals. I loved visiting everywhere from the beautiful mountains and waterfalls in the National Parks 85 the long white sandy beaches. It’s a beautiful country and worth visiting one day if you ever get the chance. 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） A Unbelievable Stories of Animals Acting Just Like Humans ◆Horses are picky eaters Horses have an even better sense of smell than humans do. When horses raise their noses and open their nostrils (鼻孔) , their nervous system allows them to sense smells we can’t sense. This might explain why they refuse dirty water and carefully move around meadows, eating only the tastiest grasses, experts say. ◆Whale says thanks In 2011, a whale expert spotted a humpback whale trapped in a fishing net and spent an hour freeing it. Afterward, in an hour-long display of thanks, the whale swam near their boat and leaped into the air about 40 times. ◆Pandas like to be naughty Is there anything more lovely than a baby panda, except maybe a human baby? In fact, baby pandas sometimes behave like human babies. They sleep in the same positions and value their thumbs. Pandas are shy by nature for its shy behaviors such as covering its face with a paw of ducking its head when confronted by a stranger. ◆A cat honors its owner Paper towels, and a plastic cup are just a few of the gifts that Toldo, a devoted three-year-old gray-and-white cat, has placed on his former owner Iozzelli Renzo’s grave every day since the man died in September 2011. Renzo adopted Toldo from a shelter when the cat was three months old, and the two formed an inseparable bond. After Renzo passed away, Toldo followed the coffin to the cemetery, and now "stands guard" at the grave for hours at a time. 36. What can horses do to pick delicious grasses? A. Feel them. B. Taste them. C. Smell them. D. Observe them. 37. What do the whale and the cat have in common according to the passage? A. They are clever. B. They have a grateful heart. C. They are active and lovely. D. They have a good sense of smell. 38. Which of the following acts like a human baby according to the passage? A. The whale. B. The cat. C. The horse. D. The panda. B A quarrel at home may result in you falling ill. Don't laugh, it's true. Family matters including living habits and even the way we speak have a big effect on our health, doctors say. Wang Xiaoyu, a Senior 2 girl from Xichang, Sichuan Province, fainted (晕倒) in class when she heard her classmates quarrel at the top of their voices. Quarrels between her parents also put the girl into a coma. It is because she is suffering from depression , caused by bad relations at home, doctors explained."We don't get sick or stay well by ourselves," says Dr Robert Ferrer from the US. Ferrer shows that family forces may explain up to a quarter of health problems, in his recent research. The genes you get from your family may cause illness. If one of your parents has a heart attack, your risk of being affected (影响) may double. But effects on health are not only written in our DNA. Unrelated people who live under the same roof also get similar problems. Diet, lifestyle and environment affect our health, too. Ferrer's research also found that if teenagers feel they are ignored (忽视) or unimportant at home they are more likely to get sick. We may never fully understand all the effects that families have on our health. But just as individual problems can have effects on others, a small improvement can have big benefits , Ferrer said. 39. Which of the following can best explain why Wang Xiaoyu fainted in class? A. Because her classmates often quarreled in class. B. Because her parents used to quarrel. C. Because of her depression caused by bad family relations. D. Because her classmates shouted loudly at her. 40. According to Dr Ferrer, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. We get sick or stay well by ourselves. B. Only the genes we get from our family have a big effect on our health. C. Our health has nothing to do with diet, life style and environment. D. Teenagers who are ignored at home get sick more easily than those who are not. 41. The underlined word "coma" in Paragraph2 probably means ________. A. embarrassment B. faint C. tiredness D. sadness 42. The best title for this passage is ________. A. Family relations. B. The reasons why we get sick. C. Happy family makes you healthy. D. A research about teenagers' health. 完形填空： 56-75 ACABD ACDBC DDABB DAABC 语法填空： 76. took 77. the 78. It 79. truly 80. sleeping 81. to hold 82. facts 83. were allowed 84. interesting 85. to 阅读理解： 36-38CBD 39-42CDBC 2 - 2 - 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $新高一 B1U4知识点梳理 知识检测小练 课程导航 归纳总结 单句语法填空之定语从句 1. There was a time__________ I hated to go to school. 2. I shall never forget those years ___________ I lived in the country with the farmers,_________ has a great effect on my life. 3. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _________ he grew up as a child. 4. The film brought the hours back to me_________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. 5. The day__________ I was given a job finally came 6. Do you want to buy the same radio ____________ was shown on TV? 7. She was wearing the same dress _______________ she had on the day before. 8. I hated the way ____________ he treated me. 9. _______________ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules. 10. David is such a good boy __________ all the teachers like. 11. David is so good a boy ____________ all the teachers like him. 12.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____________ the weather may be better. 13.He asked a lot of questions, and none of ___________ was easy to answer. 14. _____________is known to us, the actress is famous for her excellent performance. 15.We live in an age ___________ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 16. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,____________ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. 17. It is the third time that she has won the race, _____________ has surprised us all. 18. That evening, ______________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. 19. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _____________help I would never have got this far. 20. The days are gone ___________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. unit4重点词汇 课程导航 归纳总结 52. immediately adv. 立即，马上conj. 一……就 ……→______________ adj. 立刻的，即刻的 no sooner...than... / hardly/rarely/scarcely...when... （倒装结构） on/ upon (doing) sth 53. concentrate vi. & vt. 集中(注意力、思想等)；全神贯注→________________ n. 专心; 关注; 集中; 聚集 concentrate (sth. ) __________(doing) sth.　　　 集中于/专心于(做)某事 concentrate one’s attention on. . . 把某人的注意力集中到…… 54. concerned adj. 担心的，忧虑的；关注的，关切的 →concern n. 忧虑, 担心 be/become concerned __________　　　 为……担心; 对……关注 be concerned __________ 与……有关; 涉及 as far as sb. be _____________ 就某人而言, 在某人看来 show/express concern for/over 对……表示关心 例：She hasn't been seen for four days and there is concern for her safety. The report expressed concern______continuing high unemployment.报告表达了对失业率居高不下的忧虑。 He asked several questions ____________the future of the company. 他问了几个有关公司前途的问题。 As far as I am concerned, doing what I like is the most important thing. 55. effect n. 效果，作用；影响→__________adj. 有效的；生效的→___________adv. 有效地 in effect　　　　　 事实上, 实际上 have an effect on 对……有影响 come into effect 生效 bring/carry/put...into effect实施;使……生效/起作用 be of no effect 无效果的 side effect 副作用 例：The recommendations will soon ________________________.这些建议即将付诸实施。 New controls come into effect next month.下月开始实施新的管制措施。 Modern farming methods can ______________________________ the environment. 现代农业耕作方法可能对环境造成负面的影响。 The crisis had a ____________effect on trade. 这次危机对贸易产生了很坏的影响。 Overseas investment has had a ____________effect on exports. 海外投资对出口有积极影响。 56. prove linking v. 后来被发现是vt. 证明，证实 57. frightened adj. 害怕的，惊吓的，受惊的 →____________n. 害怕, 惊恐→____________vt. 使惊吓, 使惊恐→_______________ adj. 令人恐惧的 be frightened ____________ sth. 害怕做某事 be frightened____________ sth. 不敢做某事 frighten sb into/out of doing sth 恐吓某人做/不做某事 frighten sb. to death 把某人吓坏了 例：I'm frightened of walking home alone in the dark. He brought out a gun and frightened them off. I frightened the boy out of telling the truth to others. 58. attack n. 发作；攻击；抨击vt. & vi. 攻击；侵袭；抨击 a heart attack 心脏病突发 an attack of ... …的发作 be/ become under attack 遭到攻击/批评 make an attack on 攻击… attack sb 攻击/抨击某人 be attacked with... 患……病 例：The patrol came____________________ from all sides.巡逻队受到四面八方的攻击。 They found themselves in a passive position under attack. 他们发现自己处于被动挨打的局面。 The commander disposed his forces so as to __________________________the enemy. 司令官对他的部队做了部署以便进攻敌军。 59. amount n. 数量 a large/small amount of.. 大/少量的…（接不可数名词） large/small amounts of ... 注意：修饰名词作主语，谓语动词单复数取决于____________的单复数 60. treatment n. 治疗；对待，待遇；处理→treat v. 对待，治疗 treat...as... 把……当作……一样看待 treat sb/oneself to sth 以某物款待某人 give sb sth as a treat 用某物招待某人 例句：I decided to treat his remark__________ a joke.我决定把他的话当作戏言。 He _________________ a hero on his release from prison.他获释出狱时被当成英雄看待。 This crime must be treated with the full rigour of the law. 这一罪行必须严格依法审理。 61. strength n. 优势；力气，力量；实力→_____________v. 加强，增强 weakness and strengths 缺点和优点，劣势和优势 build up one's strength 强身健体 62. content n. 内容；目录 adj. 满意的 v.使……满意 be content to do sth 满意做某事 feel/ be content with 对……感到满意 63. end up 最终成为，最终处于 end up with 以……告终 end up＋副词/介词短语 以……告终（in后面通常接地点） end up as 最终成为…… end up doing sth. 以做某事告终 例句：People also more easily end up with headaches or sore eyes while reading e-books. Why do I end up doing all the work by myself? 为什么最后变成我一个人做所有的事情？ If you go on like this you'll end up in prison. 如果你继续这样，早晚得进监狱。 64.take over to移交;遗留给 take ________ 夺取;接管 take ________ 脱;去掉;起飞;(事业)蓬勃发展 take ________ 占据(时间、空间等);开始(学习或某种爱好);从事,对……感兴趣 take after与……相像 take ________呈现;具有;担任(工作);承担(责任);雇用 take ________ 收留（尤指无家可归者或逃难者）; 欺骗; 理解;领会;（人、动物或植物）摄入，吸收 例句：They always take________the homeless. Humans take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. She decided that I was the ideal person to take________the job. I don't feel ready to take on new responsibilities. unit4重点句型 课程导航 归纳总结 1、The news report below is about a teenage girl who tried to lose weight by skipping meals. who引导_________从句,修饰a teenage girl, who 在从句中作____语,可替换为 that,不可省略 2、Jenmifer’ s case is a reminder of the dangers of the unhealthy weight-loss habits that have become common among teenagers of both sexes. that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词 habits. that 在从句中作_______语。 3、 In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly. where 引导_________从句,修饰society. where 在从句中作__________语。 4、 According to a recent survey of senior high school students’ lifestyles, almost one fifth of teenagers regularly skip meals, one in ten over-exercise and four per cent even take weight-loss medicine. “分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词决定 5、 It is normal for teenagers to be slightly overweight and there is no reason why they should be worried. 6、 “However, for those who are dangerously overweight, it is very important that they try to lose weight properly. ”said an expert. who 引导________从句，修饰those；it 为形式主语，that 引导的____________从句作真正的主语 7、 he pointed out that it is important to have a healthy balanced diet since teenagers are still growing and their bodies need a lot of nutrition to function well. 8、 My experience has proved what a bad idea it is to try to lose weight by skipping meals. what引导的感叹句充当__________从句，语序为陈述语序。what 在此不作成分，只加强语气。 该从句中it 为形式主语，动词不定式短语为真正的主语。 单元知识运用 课程导航 归纳总结 用方框内内短语的适当形式填空 rise to; take on; back down; as a result of; on the rocks, take advantage of; stick to; draw sth out of; bring out; make the most of; let go of; look forward to 66. The president refuses to ______________ on this issue in the international meeting. 67. You must ______________ the idea that to be single is to be unhappy and unfulfilled. 68. ______________ their joint effort, the difficult situation changed into a favorable one. 69. Now that you’ve got the chance, you might as well ______________ it. 70. The company has been ______________ since the internet bubble was exploded. 71. I managed to ______________ the diet and keep off sweet foods. 72. I’m going to ______________ this tour to explore the history of the castle 73. Pressure can ______________ the worst in people. 74. I can’t ______________ any extra work, for I’m too tired today. 75. When you can ______________ the challenges, you will have the chance to enjoy personal growth. be rushed to; get into shape; turn to; struggle with; be concerned about; take in prove to be; pass out; what's more; rather than; see...as...; warn...against...; 1. On weekends the Smiths form the habit of driving to the countryside and _______________ the fresh air there. 2. Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean, an area that the United States has long __________ its own backyard. 3. They are going to get married, and _______________，they are setting up in business together. 4. Perhaps one day this book ________________ of much more use to you in your studies than you expected. 5. Moments later, an ambulance arrived, and suffering from shock, Heather and Nathan ____________ the hospital. 6. Her husband was unsympathetic and she felt unhappy but she had no one ______________． 7. Many places are __________________ traffic problems as more and more cars fill the roads. 8. Steve __________________ on the floor and woke up blinded and in severe pain. 9. In order for me to change my bad eating habits and __________________，I had to first change my mind's association with working out and eating properly. 10. People offered mutual support and assistance in times of trouble and __________ the welfare(福利) of their fellows. 语法：主谓一致 课程导航 归纳总结 一、知识脉络 二、知识精讲 1.语法一致原则 (1)主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 （2024专题练习）Up to now, China (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves （2024专题练习）The American superstar (spot) with a young physically-challenged Qatari boy, Al Muftah. The boy was born with a rare condition known as CRS. (2)“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Many a student takes a walk on campus after dinner. More than one person is involved in this case. (3)复合不定代词，如someone/anyone/everyone/nobody/something/anything/everything作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 (4)“each of+复数名词/them/us/you”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，但“we/you/they+each”或“复数名词+each”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 (5)不定式、动名词、从句或“疑问词+不定式”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 (6)all单独作主语表示人时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示事物时，谓语动词用单数形式。 All are happy to have a picnic. All is well that ends well. (7)由and连接的两个并列主语，表示同一人、物、概念或表示不可分割的整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。 A teacher and writer is going to give us a talk. (8)当and连接的作主语的单数名词由each,every,no等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Each boy and each girl has been invited to the tea party. (9)“分数/百分数+of+the+名词”作主语时，谓语动词与of后的名词的数保持一致。 （2024专题练习）Wang was born and grew up in America, but she (build) solid ties with Chinese culture since she was a little girl. （23-24江苏·课后作业）Thirty years (be) a long time, but it doesn’t mean that I will give up. (10) “a number of+可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式； “the number of+可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 （2022·专题练习）The film is so that my friend Kate who easily is to see it. (scare) (所给词的适当形式填空) （23-24·期中）The scientific literature evaluating these techniques (stretch) back decades and across thousands of articles. (所给词的适当形式填空) (11) “a quantity of+不可数名词或可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词通常与后面名词的数保持一致。 但“quantities of+不可数名词或可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。 A large quantity of books were sent to the library. Great quantities of sand were washed down the hillside by the rain. (12) 当定语从句的先行词是“one of+复数名词”时，从句的谓语动词用复数形式， 当one of之前有the only,the mere等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Jeff is one of the journalists who were awarded. Jeff is the only one of the journalists who was awarded. (13)由as well as,along with,together with,with,including,in addition to,like,except,but,besides,no less than,rather than等连接的并列主语在意义上更强调前面的主语。根据“语法一致”的原则，谓语动词的形式通常与前面主语的人称和数保持一致。 Henry,rather than Jane and John,is responsible for the loss. (14)表示有两部分构成的物体的名词，如pants,trousers,glasses,scissors,gloves等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。当主语被kind of/type of/pair of修饰时，谓语动词的数取决于kind/type/pair的单复数形式。 Here are some new types of glasses. His gloves are very dirty. （2020期中）The musician along with his band members (give) ten performances in the last three months. （所给词的适当形式填空） （22-23高三下·全国·课时练习）The effectiveness of this medicine (evaluate) by these scientists the other day. (所给词的适当形式填空) （2023专题练习）More than one person (be) injured in the accident last night. （22-23阶段练习）It is the second time that the buildings in the town (survive) the natural disasters. （22-23全国·假期作业）Mr. Smith as well as two of his students (do) the experiment with care at the moment. (所给词的适当形式填空) （2022全国·专题练习）About 30 percent of the land (cover) in forest. （所给词的适当形式填空） （2022全国·专题练习）So far, large quantities of information (send) to the company by email. （2022全国·专题练习）Wool usually (damage) if washed in hot water. (所给词的适当形式填空) （2022全国·专题练习）The Great Wall, with a history of more than 2000 years, (locate) in northern China. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2.意义一致原则 (1)clothing,baggage/luggage,furniture,machinery,scenery,equipment,jewellery等集合名词通常只用作不可数名 词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 If your luggage is overweight,you'll have to pay extra (2)有些集体名词，即所谓的“群体名词”,如crew,class,committee,group,government,team,family,audience,crowd等作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于主语的含义。当主语表示整体概念时视为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；当主语表示集体中的个体成员时视为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 My family are going on a trip this summer.我们全家今年夏天要去旅行。 Almost every family in the country owns a car.这个国家几乎每家都有一辆汽车。 (3)表示“时间、距离、金额、重量”等的复数名词作主语表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Ten years is just a moment in history. （2022全国·专题练习）One half of the world’s population (be)Asians. (所给词的适当形式填空) （2021全国·课时练习）Lisa’s family in this city for about sixteen years and her family all fond of music. (be) (所给词的适当形式填空) （2022全国·专题练习）At present the police (look) for the lost boy whose trousers (be) blue. (所给词的适当形式填空) （2023全国·专题练习）About two thirds of the population of that country (live) on farms. （2023全国·专题练习）Three years (have) passed since they met last time, and for them, three years (be) really a long time. (所给词的适当形式填空) (4)以s结尾却表示单数或不可数概念的名词，如maths,physics,news等，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。 Statistics is a principal course at the business school.统计学是商学院的一门主要学科。 (5)“the+形容词/分词”表示一类人或事物，作主语时，多表示复数意义，谓语动词常用复数形式。 (6)单复数同形的名词，如deer,fish,means,sheep,species,series,headquarters,aircraft等作主语时谓语动词的数应与其实际意义一致。 (7)“none of+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“none of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数形式也可以用复数形式。 None of the money on the table is mine. The old couple have three sons but none of them lives/live nearby. （22-23·阶段练习）Quantities of soil (wash) away every year. (所给词的适当形式填空) （2022全国·专题练习）The number of the students who (possess) cell phones (be) increasing rapidly, which affects the normal teaching badly. (所给词的适当形式填空) （2022全国·专题练习）“All (be) present and all (be) going on well,” our head teacher said. (所给词的适当形式填空) （2022全国·专题练习）The number of people invited (be) fifty, but a number of them (be)absent for different reasons. (所给词的适当形式填空) （21-22全国·假期作业）What we need (be) enough water, but what they need (be) houses. 3.就近一致原则 在there be句型中或由or,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…连接并列主语时，谓语动词的人称和数与离其最近的主语保持一致。 （22-23全国·假期作业）Either the manager or his assistants (be) to attend the meeting. （2022全国·专题练习）Not only the students but also the teacher (be) against the plan at that time. （2022全国·专题练习）It is you rather than he who (be) responsible for the children’s safety. （2022全国·专题练习）Tom, along with his parents, (be) going to pay a visit to China next month. （2023全国·专题练习）Around Christmas time there (be) only one hour of daylight in Sweden. 三、解题方法 1.分清主语、找准中心词法 在一些句子中，主语容易受到别的词的影响，这往往会让学生判断失误，如with,together with,along with,but,as well as连接并列的主语时，谓语动词的人称和数应与最前面的名词在人称和数上保持一致。 例Amy,as well as her brothers,__________ (give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 2.固定用法归纳法 有一些固定的用法要特别注意： (1)“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 (2)不定代词anybody,anything,something,everybody,no one,nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 (3)表示“时间、距离、价格”等的复数名词作主语表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 (4)“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 (5)被every,each等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 例(2020·扬州中学·开学考试)Every man worker and every woman worker_______________(enjoy)free medical care in this company. 每日一练5 第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） When I was in seventh grade, I was a candy striper (志愿当护士助手的小姑娘) at a local hospital in my town. Most of the 56 I spent there was with Mr. Gillespie. He never had any 57 and nobody seemed to care about his 58 . I spent many days there holding his hand and talking to him, 59 anything that needed to be done. He became a close friend of mine, 60 he responded with only an occasional squeeze(捏)of my hand. Mr. Gillespie was in a coma(昏迷). I left for a week to vacation with my parents, and when I came back, Mr. Gillespie was 61 . I didn’t have the 62 to ask any of the nurses where he was, for fear they might 63 me he had died. Several 64 later, when I was a junior in high school, I was at the gas station when I noticed a familiar face. When I 65 who it was, my eyes were filled with tears. He was 66 ! I got up the nerve to ask him if his name was Mr. Gillespie. With a(n) 67 look on his face, he replied yes. I 68 how I knew him, and that I had spent many hours talking with him in the hospital. His eyes welled up with tears, and he gave me the warmest hug I had ever ____69____ . He began to tell me how, 70 he lay there asleep, he could hear me talking to him and could 71 me holding his hand the whole time. Mr. Gillespie 72 believed that it was my voice and 73 that had kept him alive. Although I haven’t 74 him since, he fills my heart with 75 every day. I know that I made a difference between his life and his death. 56. A. time B. energy C. money D. effort 57. A. patients B. relatives C. visitors D. problems 58. A. condition B. requirement C. interest D. thought 59. A. talking about B. helping with C. pointing out D. looking for 60. A. so B. as if C. yet D. even though 61. A. gone B. mad C. died D. excited 62. A. right B. chance C. courage D. time 63. A. cheat B. warn C. remind D. tell 64. A. days B. years C. months D. weeks 65. A. heard B. wondered C. realized D. asked 66. A. great B. lucky C. successful D. alive 67. A. happy B. proud C. nervous D. uncertain 68. A. explained B. remembered C. apologized D. told 69. A. dreamed B. received C. wanted D. shown 70. A. because B. as C. unless D. if 71. A. notice B. appreciate C. imagine D. feel 72. A. firmly B. rightly C. hardly D. wrongly 73. A. touch B. worry C. humour D. treatment 74. A. forgotten B. seen C. missed D. called 75. A. respect B. regret C. joy D. sympathy 第二部分 语法填空（共10个小题；每小题1分，满分10分） Australia was always a country I wanted to visit so I saved up some money and 76 (take) the plane for Australia at 77 end of the school term. It was strange when I arrived. It was the start of winter! Happily for me the weather was still hot and sunny though. 78 also took me a while to get used to the time difference. The country is 79 ( true) beautiful, full of wildlife you wouldn’t find anywhere else in the world. I visited a koala sanctuary (考拉保护区) in Brisbane —- there were koalas everywhere 80 (sleep) in the trees and I even got the chance 81 (hold) one. I learnt lots of 82 (fact) about koalas, too. For example, koalas can sleep for up to 22 hours a day. At the sanctuary there were also kangaroos (袋鼠) that we 83 (allow) to feed. They were really cute and friendly. Another exciting part of my trip was snorkelling (潜泳) in the Great Barrier Reef, as the water was very clear and blue. I was also lucky to see some 84 ( interest )sea animals. I loved visiting everywhere from the beautiful mountains and waterfalls in the National Parks 85 the long white sandy beaches. It’s a beautiful country and worth visiting one day if you ever get the chance. 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） A Unbelievable Stories of Animals Acting Just Like Humans ◆Horses are picky eaters Horses have an even better sense of smell than humans do. When horses raise their noses and open their nostrils (鼻孔) , their nervous system allows them to sense smells we can’t sense. This might explain why they refuse dirty water and carefully move around meadows, eating only the tastiest grasses, experts say. ◆Whale says thanks In 2011, a whale expert spotted a humpback whale trapped in a fishing net and spent an hour freeing it. Afterward, in an hour-long display of thanks, the whale swam near their boat and leaped into the air about 40 times. ◆Pandas like to be naughty Is there anything more lovely than a baby panda, except maybe a human baby? In fact, baby pandas sometimes behave like human babies. They sleep in the same positions and value their thumbs. Pandas are shy by nature for its shy behaviors such as covering its face with a paw of ducking its head when confronted by a stranger. ◆A cat honors its owner Paper towels, and a plastic cup are just a few of the gifts that Toldo, a devoted three-year-old gray-and-white cat, has placed on his former owner Iozzelli Renzo’s grave every day since the man died in September 2011. Renzo adopted Toldo from a shelter when the cat was three months old, and the two formed an inseparable bond. After Renzo passed away, Toldo followed the coffin to the cemetery, and now "stands guard" at the grave for hours at a time. 36. What can horses do to pick delicious grasses? A. Feel them. B. Taste them. C. Smell them. D. Observe them. 37. What do the whale and the cat have in common according to the passage? A. They are clever. B. They have a grateful heart. C. They are active and lovely. D. They have a good sense of smell. 38. Which of the following acts like a human baby according to the passage? A. The whale. B. The cat. C. The horse. D. The panda. B A quarrel at home may result in you falling ill. Don't laugh, it's true. Family matters including living habits and even the way we speak have a big effect on our health, doctors say. Wang Xiaoyu, a Senior 2 girl from Xichang, Sichuan Province, fainted (晕倒) in class when she heard her classmates quarrel at the top of their voices. Quarrels between her parents also put the girl into a coma. It is because she is suffering from depression , caused by bad relations at home, doctors explained."We don't get sick or stay well by ourselves," says Dr Robert Ferrer from the US. Ferrer shows that family forces may explain up to a quarter of health problems, in his recent research. The genes you get from your family may cause illness. If one of your parents has a heart attack, your risk of being affected (影响) may double. But effects on health are not only written in our DNA. Unrelated people who live under the same roof also get similar problems. Diet, lifestyle and environment affect our health, too. Ferrer's research also found that if teenagers feel they are ignored (忽视) or unimportant at home they are more likely to get sick. We may never fully understand all the effects that families have on our health. But just as individual problems can have effects on others, a small improvement can have big benefits , Ferrer said. 39. Which of the following can best explain why Wang Xiaoyu fainted in class? A. Because her classmates often quarreled in class. B. Because her parents used to quarrel. C. Because of her depression caused by bad family relations. D. Because her classmates shouted loudly at her. 40. According to Dr Ferrer, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. We get sick or stay well by ourselves. B. Only the genes we get from our family have a big effect on our health. C. Our health has nothing to do with diet, life style and environment. D. Teenagers who are ignored at home get sick more easily than those who are not. 41. The underlined word "coma" in Paragraph2 probably means ________. A. embarrassment B. faint C. tiredness D. sadness 42. The best title for this passage is ________. A. Family relations. B. The reasons why we get sick. C. Happy family makes you healthy. D. A research about teenagers' health. 2 - 2 - 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $