Unit 4 A Glimpse of the Future未来一瞥（话题阅读精练）英语外研版选择性必修第三册

Unit 4 A Glimpse of the Future未来一瞥 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 本单元以“未来一瞥”为核心主题，聚焦人工智能、科幻想象与未来生活的融合。引言通过对“未来是现实还是幻想（Future or fantasy?）”的设问，引出对人工智能发展的探讨，既关注AI技术带来的机遇（如智能生活、科技突破），也审视其潜在的威胁（如伦理争议、就业变革）。单元设计围绕“感知未来—探究科技—畅想生活”的逻辑展开，通过阅读科幻文本、续写科幻故事、描述未来理想生活等活动，让学生在语言学习中思考科技与人类社会的关系，培养对未来科技发展的理性认知和创新思维。 主题词汇积累 第一部分：人工智能核心术语 1. artificial intelligence (AI) 人工智能 2. robot 机器人 3. algorithm 算法 4. machine learning 机器学习 5. neural network 神经网络 6. big data 大数据 7. automation 自动化 8. chatbot 聊天机器人 9. facial recognition 面部识别 10. voice assistant 语音助手 11. virtual reality (VR) 虚拟现实 12. augmented reality (AR) 增强现实 13. smart device 智能设备 14. cloud computing 云计算 15. data analysis 数据分析 16. programming 编程 17. artificial neural network 人工神经网络 18. deep learning 深度学习 19. robotics 机器人技术 20. human-machine interaction 人机交互 第二部分：未来生活场景词汇 1. smart home 智能家居 2. self-driving car 自动驾驶汽车 3. drone 无人机 4. wearable tech 可穿戴科技 5. smart city 智慧城市 6. telecommuting 远程办公 7. online education 在线教育 8. cashless payment 无现金支付 9. 3D printing 3D打印 10. renewable energy 可再生能源 11. space travel 太空旅行 12. hologram 全息图 13. smart agriculture 智能农业 14. precision medicine 精准医疗 15. digital currency 数字货币 16. virtual office 虚拟办公室 17. automated factory 自动化工厂 18. intelligent transportation 智能交通 19. biometric identification 生物识别 20. green technology 绿色科技 第三部分：科技发展相关动词 1. innovate 创新；革新 2. develop 研发；发展 3. invent 发明；创造 4. design 设计 5. program 编程；设计程序 6. upgrade 升级 7. optimize 优化 8. integrate 整合；融合 9. apply 应用；运用 10. explore 探索；探究 11. predict 预测；预言 12. transform 改变；使改观 13. revolutionize 彻底改变；革命化 14. advance 推进；促进 15. launch 推出；发射 16. test 测试；检验 17. implement 实施；执行 18. adapt 适应；改编 19. adopt 采用；采纳 20. evolve 进化；演变 第四部分：科技影响相关形容词&名词 1. revolutionary 革命性的 2. cutting-edge 尖端的；前沿的 3. advanced 先进的 4. efficient 高效的 5. convenient 便利的 6. potential 潜在的；潜力 7. ethical 伦理的；道德的 8. controversial 有争议的 9. beneficial 有益的 10. risky 有风险的 11. intelligent 智能的 12. automated 自动化的 13. digital 数字的；数码的 14. technological 技术的；科技的 15. innovation 创新；革新 16. breakthrough 突破；重大进展 17. challenge 挑战 18. opportunity 机遇 19. threat 威胁 20. transformation 转变；变革 时文拓展阅读 AI’s Role in Shaping the Future of Urban Life Cities around the world are embracing artificial intelligence to become “smarter” and more sustainable. From intelligent traffic lights that adjust to real-time traffic flow to AI-powered waste management systems that optimize collection routes, the technology is transforming how urban areas function. In Singapore, the Smart Nation initiative uses AI to monitor air quality, manage public transportation, and even predict dengue fever outbreaks by analyzing weather and population data. Meanwhile, in Tokyo, self-driving buses are being tested in residential areas, aiming to solve the problem of a shrinking workforce in the transportation sector. However, experts warn that AI in cities also brings challenges. Privacy concerns arise as smart devices collect massive amounts of personal data, and there is a risk of job displacement for workers in industries like transportation and retail. To address these issues, governments and tech companies are working together to create ethical guidelines for AI use and provide training programs for workers affected by automation. As AI continues to evolve, it will undoubtedly play a pivotal role in building the cities of tomorrow. The key is to balance technological advancement with social responsibility, ensuring that the future of urban life is inclusive and beneficial for all. 【译文欣赏】 人工智能在塑造未来城市生活中的作用 世界各地的城市正拥抱人工智能，以期变得更“智能”、更可持续。从能根据实时交通流量调整的智能交通信号灯，到优化收集路线的人工智能垃圾管理系统，这项技术正在改变城市的运行方式。 在新加坡，“智慧国家”计划利用人工智能监测空气质量、管理公共交通，甚至通过分析气象和人口数据预测登革热疫情。与此同时，在东京，自动驾驶巴士正在居民区进行测试，旨在解决交通行业劳动力萎缩的问题。 然而，专家警告称，城市中的人工智能也带来了挑战。智能设备收集海量个人数据引发了隐私担忧，交通和零售等行业的工人也面临失业风险。为解决这些问题，各国政府和科技企业正携手制定人工智能使用的伦理准则，并为受自动化影响的工人提供培训项目。 随着人工智能不断发展，它无疑将在打造未来城市中发挥关键作用。关键在于平衡技术进步与社会责任，确保城市生活的未来具有包容性，并为所有人带来福祉。 【词汇积累】 1. embrace /ɪmˈbreɪs/ v. 欣然接受；拥抱 2. sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ adj. 可持续的 3. optimize /ˈɒptɪmaɪz/ v. 优化；使最有效 4. initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ n. 倡议；新方案 5. outbreak /ˈaʊtbreɪk/ n. （疾病等的）爆发 6. shrink /ʃrɪŋk/ v. 缩小；收缩 7. displacement /dɪsˈpleɪsmənt/ n. 取代；置换 8. ethical /ˈeθɪkl/ adj. 伦理的；道德的 9. pivotal /ˈpɪvətl/ adj. 关键的；核心的 10. inclusive /ɪnˈkluːsɪv/ adj. 包容的；包含一切的 【知识拓展】 1. 三大机器人定律：由科幻作家艾萨克·阿西莫夫提出，包括“机器人不得伤害人类，或坐视人类受到伤害”“机器人必须服从人类的命令，除非该命令与第一定律冲突”“机器人必须保护自己的存在，除非这与第一、第二定律冲突”，是本单元科幻阅读文本的核心背景。 2. AI发展里程碑：1956年达特茅斯会议首次提出“人工智能”概念；1997年IBM“深蓝”击败国际象棋世界冠军；2016年AlphaGo战胜围棋世界冠军，标志着AI在复杂决策领域的突破。 3. 未来科技趋势：元宇宙（Metaverse）、量子计算（Quantum Computing）、生物科技与AI的融合，将进一步重塑未来生活与生产模式。 【词汇延伸】 1. metaverse /ˈmetəvɜːs/ n. 元宇宙 2. quantum computing 量子计算 3. biotechnology /ˌbaɪəʊtekˈnɒlədʒi/ n. 生物技术 4. cybersecurity /ˌsaɪbəsɪˈkjʊərəti/ n. 网络安全 5. nanotechnology /ˌnænəʊtekˈnɒlədʒi/ n. 纳米技术 6. biometrics /ˌbaɪəʊˈmetrɪks/ n. 生物识别技术 7. automation /ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃn/ n. 自动化 8. singularity /ˌsɪŋɡjəˈlærəti/ n. 技术奇点 9. telemedicine /ˌtelɪˈmedsn/ n. 远程医疗 10. smart grid 智能电网 高考真题链接 (2024全国高考II卷阅读理解D篇) Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Cantona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution(变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI, but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future—several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 32. What does the phrase “in the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic. 33. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals. 34. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A. Observe existing regulations first. B. Reconsider expert opinions about it. C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history. C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert. 命题特点 1. 题型全覆盖，侧重逻辑与主旨考查 涵盖词义猜测（32题）、细节理解（33题）、推理判断（34题）、主旨意图（35题） 四大核心题型，符合高考阅读“全面考查语言理解与逻辑分析能力”的导向，其中推理题和主旨题占比过半，侧重深层理解。 2. 考点紧扣文本逻辑，无主观臆断 所有题目答案均能在原文找到明确依据，如32题依托“转折逻辑”猜词义，34题结合“观点句+细节描述”推结论，避免脱离文本的主观判断。 3. 选材贴合时代，聚焦前沿话题 选取AI与未来生活的话题，兼具实用性与思想性，体现高考阅读“选材贴近现实、关注社会热点”的特点。 命题规律 1. 词义猜测题：依托上下文逻辑，侧重语境推断 考查短语含义时，需结合前后句的转折、解释等逻辑关系。如32题“in the wrong hands”的含义，由后文“Campbell有专业能力把内容变易懂”的转折内容可推知，命题聚焦“语境反推”的解题逻辑。 2. 细节题：答案为原文信息的同义替换 细节题选项多是原文内容的改写，如33题“down-to-earth writing style”对应原文“practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic”，符合高考“同义替换”的命题规律。 3. 推理题：围绕作者/人物观点，抓核心态度句 推理题多基于文中人物的观点表述设置，如34题Campbell的主张，需整合“keep control of AI”“global regulation”等核心句的信息，命题侧重“整合细节推结论”。 4. 主旨题：首尾呼应定核心，直击写作目的 主旨题答案与文本首尾内容紧密关联，如35题由首段“介绍书籍”、末段“推荐书籍”的内容，可直接锁定“推荐书籍”的写作目的，命题遵循“首尾抓主旨”的规律。 解题思维 1. 词义猜测题：抓逻辑关联词，找语境提示 先定位短语所在句，再关注前后句的转折、因果、解释等逻辑（如32题的“but, thankfully”），通过语境的对比/补充信息推断词义，避免仅根据短语字面意思判断。 2. 细节题：关键词定位+选项比对 用题干关键词（如33题的“feature of AI by Design”）定位原文，提取核心信息后，将选项与原文逐一比对，排除与原文矛盾或未提及的内容。 3. 推理题：整合观点句+细节，遵循“有据可推” 先找到人物的核心观点句，再结合相关细节补充，推理结论需贴合原文逻辑，不可过度延伸（如34题不可主观推断“放缓AI发展”，原文仅强调“管控”）。 4. 主旨题：梳理文本脉络，排除局部信息 跳脱单个细节，梳理全文主线（介绍书籍→分析书籍特点→阐述书籍核心观点→推荐书籍），排除仅概括某一段落的干扰项（如35题的B、C、D均为局部信息）。 干扰项特征 1. 无中生有 干扰项内容在原文完全未提及，如33题C“提供分步指导”、D“为AI专业人士打造”，34题A“遵守现有法规”，均属于命题人主观编造。 2. 偷换概念 干扰项偷换原文核心主体或概念，如32题A“被教育水平低的人阅读”将“书籍撰写者”偷换为“读者”，D“被非学术人士翻译”将“撰写”偷换为“翻译”。 3. 过度推理 干扰项基于原文信息过度延伸，如34题D“从过往经验学习来放缓AI发展”，原文仅提“管控AI”，未提及“放缓发展”和“过往经验”。 4. 偏离主旨 主旨题干扰项仅涵盖文本局部内容，如35题B“简述AI历史”、C“阐明AI定义”，均只是文本的次要信息，未触及“推荐书籍”的核心。 1. 原句：Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. 结构拆解：①原因状语（Given...）；②并列主句（we need to take action... and this is where...）；③表语从句（where...）。 翻译：鉴于人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对由人工智能主导的未来，而《AI设计：与人工智能共存的计划》这本书恰好能在这方面发挥作用。 考点：given介词短语表原因+表语从句，常考细节定位与逻辑理解。 2. 原句：She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. 结构拆解：①主句（She explains...）；②宾语从句（we are at... and must act...）；③目的状语（to prevent...）。 翻译：她解释说，我们正处于历史的“临界点”，必须立即采取行动，防止人类遭遇灭绝级别的事件。 考点：宾语从句+并列谓语+目的状语，常用于推理题的逻辑分析。 1. astonishing /əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋ/ adj. 令人惊讶的；例：astonishing potential（惊人的潜力） 2. forthcoming /ˌfɔːθˈkʌmɪŋ/ adj. 即将到来的；例：the forthcoming AI revolution（即将到来的人工智能革命） 3. accessible /əkˈsesəbl/ adj. 易懂的；易获取的；例：a highly accessible guide（一本非常易懂的指南） 4. sidelined /ˈsaɪdlaɪnd/ adj. 被排挤的；被忽视的；例：risk being sidelined（面临被忽视的风险） 5. tipping point 临界点；例：at a tipping point in history（处于历史的临界点） 6. pan out 发展；结果如何；例：consider how we want our future with AI to pan out（思考我们希望与人工智能共处的未来如何发展） 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 牛津大学出版社将“脑腐”选为2024年年度词汇。文章介绍了脑腐产生的原因和治疗方式等 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 主要介绍人类语言交流特点及反语在交流中的作用,在交流中应该理解话语背后的意思 Passage3 阅读理解 议论文 一个年轻人Jessica Watson成为了澳大利亚年轻人的英雄，为此各方有着不同的看法 Passage4 阅读理解 议论文 通过Kelly Chavis的课堂实验展示了智能手机对学生的影响，并引一些专业人士的观点来支持个人的论证 Passage5 七选五 说明文 主要阐述生活中的成年人对青少年个人成长的重要性，并提供三种方法帮助青少年 Passage6 七选五 记叙文 79岁的班尼斯特在徒步时摔断腿，得到陌生人热心救助，之后与救援者成为挚友的温暖故事 Passage7 完形填空 记叙文 讲述了作者因忙碌于各项事务导致精力耗尽、工作失误，在同事的建议下开始调整工作方式，给自己留出空间 Passage 1 (2025届安徽省淮北市和淮南市高三上学期第一次质量检测英语试题)There’s a name for that feeling you get after spending too long scrolling aimlessly, and Oxford University Press (OUP) has chosen it as its word for the year for 2024. “Brain rot” took the title in a vote in which more than 37, 000 people participated, as well as public commentary and analysis of OUP’s language data. In a statement released Monday, OUP, which publishes the Oxford English Dictionary, defined “brain rot” as the supposed decline in a person‘s mental or intellectual state, especially viewed as the result of over-consumption of material (now particularly online content) considered to be shallow or unchallenging. While the use of “brain rot” rose 230% this year, it was actually first introduced more than a century ago. According to OUP, it was first used by author Henry David Thoreau in his book Walden as he criticized society’s tendency to devalue complicated ideas in favour of simple ones. All these years later, it seems brain rot is well and truly established. The term has gained attention over the past year, however, especially as worries grow about the impact of over-consuming low-quality content online. Earlier this year, a behavioral healthcare provider in the United States began offering treatment for brain rot, describing it as a condition of confusion, tiredness, lack of focus, and weakened mental ability. The healthcare company cited endless scrolling and social media addiction as examples of brain rot behavior, which could be prevented by setting limits on screen time or doing a digital cleansing. “ ‘Brain rot’ speaks to one of the perceived dangers of virtual life, and how we are using our free time, ” said Casper Grathwohl, president of Oxford Languages. “I also find it fascinating that the word ‘brain rot’ has been adopted by Gen Z and Gen Alpha. These communities have promoted the expression through social media channels, the very place said to cause ‘brain rot’, ” he added. “It demonstrates a somewhat humorous self-awareness in the younger generations about the harmful impact of the social media that they’ve received. ” 1. What does “brain rot” refer to according to Oxford University Press? A. A headache caused by too much screen time. B. Mental decline from meaningless viewing. C. Low-quality online information. D. Addiction to social media. 2. Why did Thoreau use the term “brain rot” in his writing? A. To warn people about overusing the Internet. B. To encourage readers to watch shallow content. C. To challenge society’s preference for simple ideas. D. To praise mental health advancements of his time. 3. What is the main idea of the third paragraph? A. Brain rot is caused by social media and can be treated. B. Social media causes most mental health issues. C. Screen time has no impact on mental health. D. Brain rot is not a real mental condition. 4. Why does Casper Grathwohl describe the younger generation as humorous? A. Because they openly laugh at the mental state of older generations. B. Because they treat low-quality online content purely as entertainment. C. Because they completely avoid discussing brain rot and see it as a joke. D. Because they admit the harm of social media with self-critical humor. Passage 2 (2025届山东省济南市高三下学期一模英语试题)It’s a classic complaint in relationships, especially romantic ones: “She said she was okay with me forgetting her birthday! Then why is she throwing dishes in the kitchen? Are the two things related? ” The answer is YES. Communication is more than words. It’s how those words are said, the tone, the order, even the choice of a particular word. It’s multi-dimensional, as explored by Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber in Meaning and Relevance. Consider the following example: Peter got angry and Mary left; Mary left and Peter got angry. Though identical in words, their meanings differ completely. The first one may have us thinking: Wow, Peter must get angry often if Mary leaves. The second sentence suggests that Peter wants more from Mary. Same words — a totally different context. Human language is not a code(编码). True codes have a one-to-one relationship with meaning. One sound, one definition. This is what we see with animals. Wilson and Sperber explain that “coded communication works best when emitter(发出者) and receiver share exactly the same code. ” Not so for humans. We communicate more than the definitions of our words would suggest. This is inferential communication, and it means that we understand not only the words spoken, but the context in which they are spoken. . Irony(反语) is a great example of how powerfully we can communicate context with a few simple words. It is more than just stating the opposite. For example, when Mary says, after a boring party, “That was fun”, she is neither saying literally that the party was fun nor saying “ironically” that the party was boring. Rather, she is expressing an emotion. Three words replace paragraphs, showcasing language’s efficiency. Wilson and Sperber concluded that human language developed and became so powerful because of two unique abilities of humans: language and the power to try to interpret mental states of others. We look for context for the words we hear. And we should be very good at absorbing this context to infer meaning. 1. What does the complaint in Paragraph 1 mainly indicate? A. The inconsistence between words and meaning. B. The importance of remembering vital moments. C. The necessity of straightforward communication. D. The unavoidability of argument in a couple's life. 2. What may make human language different from true codes? A. The context included in understanding meanings. B. The definitions made by words in communication. C. The coded communication between emitter and receiver. D. The one-to-one relationship between word and meaning. 3. How does Mary’s statement “That was fun” illustrate about irony? A. It simplifies language to save time. B. It covers the true feelings of people. C. It needs wordy explanations to make sense. D. It uses fewer words for complex meanings. 4. What does the author suggest in communication? A. Focusing on the opposite. B. Taking language literally. C. Reading beyond the words. D. Avoiding using ironic tones. Passage 3 （19-20学年高二上·山东济南·期末）Teenagers who travel around the world alone have been making headlines quite often. A young person alone in a dangerous situation attracts attention and sponsors. Young sailors also attract various views. For example, Jessica Watson was asked by the government to cancel her voyage, yet the Prime Minister called her “a hero for young Australians” when she returned. It seemed there is confusion about the competence and independence of young people. The popular psychologists tell us that teenage brains are likely to make wrong judgments. But such ideas often do not apply to specific individuals. Between the ages of 14 and 18, teenagers vary greatly in their abilities. The amount of independence that each is allowed should be determined not simply by their age but by discussion with the related, responsible adults. Some teens are certainly inexperienced and capable of childish mistakes, but the ones who attempt dangerous journeys normally do so by winning the confidence of hard-headed and well-qualified adult supporters. But it’s also wrong to think that any 16-year-old can desire to get achievements as unusual as Jessica Watson’s. Watson calls herself “an ordinary girl who had a dream”. Her intention is to encourage teenagers but this idea can have the opposite effect of making them feel not good enough because great achievements are beyond them. Should all teens have such dreams? Actually, individuals face varying circumstances that restrict their dreams. Teenagers who travel around the world alone should not be judged by preconceived (事先形成的) views about young people. Nor should young “ordinary” teenagers feel pressure to long for extraordinary personal goals. In fact, I believe the example of solo sailing overstresses individualism. The teenage years are when most of us “ordinary” people learn that we can achieve great things in cooperation with others. 1．What can we learn about Jessica Watson? A．She was criticized by the government. B．She eventually canceled her voyage. C．She has traveled around the world. D．She made a successful voyage. 2．What can be inferred about teenagers from the text? A．They have similar abilities. B．They make decisions on their own. C．They always make wrong judgments. D．They need supports of responsible adults. 3．Who does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Parents. B．Teenagers. C．Psychologists. D．Adults. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Divided Opinions on Young Adventurers B．Problems Faced by Adventurous Teens C．Various Ways to Become Independent D．Pressure to Achieve Personal Goals Passage 4 （18-19学年高二上·山东济宁·期末）High school biology teacher Kelly Chavis knew smartphones were a problem in her class. But not even the students realized how much of a problem the devices were until Chavis did an in-class experiment. For one class period, students used a whiteboard to count every Snapchat, Instagram, text, call that appeared on their phones. Chavis is among a growing number of teachers, parents and health experts who believe that smartphones are now partly to blame for increasing the levels of student anxiety. “One girl, just during the one hour, got close to 150 Snapchat notifications. 150!” she said. Jean Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University in California, said it is not a coincidence that youth mental health issues have risen with the number of phones. “This use of phones has led to a loss of sleep and face-to-face interactions necessary for their growth,” she said. Researchers are still not sure whether phones cause student depression or depression causes phone use. But nearly 4 percent of parents said they worry about the influence of social media on their child’s physical and mental health. Both schools and parents are starting to take steps to deal with the problem. Many public schools pay outside companies to watch students’ social media activity for signs of anxiety. Other schools invite in yoga teachers and comfort dogs to help calm students. 1．What’s the purpose of Chavis’s experiment? A．To see how many students have smartphones. B．To find out how popular her students are. C．To show smartphones influence teenagers greatly. D．To tell her students how to use smartphones wisely. 2．How did Kelly Chavis feel about the result? A．Shocked. B．Excited. C．Satisfied. D．Frightened. 3．Which of the following is true according to Jean Twenge? A．Students are now under great stress. B．Students spend too much money on smartphones. C．Over-using phones cause drops in students’ grades. D．Over-using phones may harm students’ body and mind. 4．What might be talked about if the passage is continued? A．How other schools deal with students’ phones. B．Whether the ways to handle phones are effective. C．How some parents deal with their children’s phones. D．Whether students are willing to give up using phones. Passage5 （2026届浙江省杭州市上城区等5地高三一模英语试题）The adults in your life play an important role in shaping the person you are. Through their encouragement and guidance, they help you to flourish, learn, and grow. 1 There might also be times when your relationship comes under extra pressure. At these moments, it’s hard not to focus on everything they’re doing ‘wrong’, but there are ways to reset and remind yourself of what you value about them. ● Keep talking. It’s easy to lock yourself away when you’re upset with your parents or after an argument. It’s normal for healthy relationships to break down occasionally. 2 The key to communicating well is to be open about your feelings but try not to use your words to wound or punish. ● Why appreciation matters. Life isn’t always easy. But by looking for things to feel grateful for, you can reflect on the positives in life, even in the toughest times. 3 Building an attitude of gratitude takes time and practice. By noticing all the good that your parents do will not only build and improve relationships, but create a positive cycle, where everyone feels that their efforts are acknowledged. ● 4 It might also help to keep in mind that even though the adults in your life can seem all-knowing, they’re actually just ordinary people with strengths and weaknesses. 5 Often, they’re only trying to protect and guide you. This can feel annoying when you want to lead your own life and make your own choices. But good communication is about compromise and can take a bit of practice. Remember that your parents are learning, too! A．That’s not to say this is easy. B．Grow together with your parents. C．Parents always have the final say. D．Showing appreciation doesn’t require great efforts. E．The chances are, your parents are doing their best. F．It’s the making up and repairing part that’s important. G．Sometimes, though, you might forget your appreciation for them. Passage6 A Piggyback Ride from a Stranger Once a year, Bannister climbs to High Rock Lookout where she scattered her mother’s ashes 23 years ago. 1 Last August, Bannister, then 79, went on her own, figuring she’d be fine because she’s an experienced hiker. She arrived at the trail early and made her way to the lookout. As she headed back down, her foot got caught in a hole in the ground. 2 When sitting up, she knew immediately she had broken her leg. She cried out for help, and before long, a stranger approached and called 911. They were told a search and rescue team would arrive in five hours. “It wasn’t very encouraging,” Bannister says. “I asked if anyone had painkillers, because the pain was pretty substantial then.” 3 But two young men, Troy May, an Air Force airman and his friend Layton Allen, came over to see what was going on. When seeing Bannister in extreme pain, they offered to carry her to the bottom of the trail. May eased Bannister onto his back and started hiking downward. He carried her for most of the nearly three-hour journey, and Allen carried her for the rest. “That was just one kindness,” says Bannister. 4 One, a physical therapist, bandaged Bannister’s foot and built a makeshift splint (夹板) for her leg. The other did breathing exercises with her to help calm her. During the long hike down, her rescuers shared stories to distract her from the mounting pain. Once reaching the parking lot, they rushed Bannister to the nearest hospital. 5 “I think we’ll be lifelong friends,” Bannister says. A．She was almost in despair. B．No one in the surrounding area did. C．She fell forward against all expectations. D．A couple hiking that day also lent a hand. E．They have visited her several times afterwards. F．Therefore, she visited there regularly in honor of her. G．She usually hikes with someone along the 3.2-mile trail. Passage7 （24-25学年高二上·山东淄博·期末）Since the beginning of my Ph.D．, my life had been packed with activities. Besides working full time on my own research, I 1 my colleagues’ experiments by helping with tasks like data analysis. I attended every course that I could, believing my ability to 2 a tight schedule was a measure of my 3 . However, behind my busyness lay an undeniable truth — I was burned out. My attention was 4 —I couldn’t put my best work into all the 5 . Then after a major error in my research paper, a colleague came and 6 , “You need to raise your working approach, but more importantly, you need to 7 .” I took his advice. I purchased a separate work phone, which I would leave 8 in the evenings. I also started to set clear 9 around my work hours and became more 10 about the projects I took on. Initially, I felt I was doing something that might 11 my career. But my priorities became clearer as I took more time to 12 and reflect on my work. 13 , I realized I really liked writing the thesis and put more time and effort into them. Ultimately, this 14 made me more productive. Creating space for yourself isn’t a sign of 15 ; it’s a way to focus on what truly matters to you. 1．A．graded B．aided C．funded D．scheduled 2．A．assign B．manage C．delay D．decline 3．A．patience B．competence C．knowledge D．ambition 4．A．drawn B．focused C．divided D．directed 5．A．achievements B．courses C．rewards D．tasks 6．A．ordered B．blamed C．suggested D．investigated 7．A．slow down B．hang on C．cheer up D．fight back 8．A．untouched B．uncharged C．unpaid D．unlocked 9．A．guidelines B．deadlines C．goals D．boundaries 10．A．selective B．curious C．confident D．anxious 11．A．launch B．improve C．affect D．lengthen 12．A．research B．experiment C．breathe D．battle 13．A．For instance B．In addition C．By contrast D．As always 14．A．belief B．training C．purchase D．change 15．A．showing off B．breaking down C．fading away D．falling behind 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 A Glimpse of the Future未来一瞥 话题阅读精练 单元引言解读 本单元以“未来一瞥”为核心主题，聚焦人工智能、科幻想象与未来生活的融合。引言通过对“未来是现实还是幻想（Future or fantasy?）”的设问，引出对人工智能发展的探讨，既关注AI技术带来的机遇（如智能生活、科技突破），也审视其潜在的威胁（如伦理争议、就业变革）。单元设计围绕“感知未来—探究科技—畅想生活”的逻辑展开，通过阅读科幻文本、续写科幻故事、描述未来理想生活等活动，让学生在语言学习中思考科技与人类社会的关系，培养对未来科技发展的理性认知和创新思维。 主题词汇积累 第一部分：人工智能核心术语 1. artificial intelligence (AI) 人工智能 2. robot 机器人 3. algorithm 算法 4. machine learning 机器学习 5. neural network 神经网络 6. big data 大数据 7. automation 自动化 8. chatbot 聊天机器人 9. facial recognition 面部识别 10. voice assistant 语音助手 11. virtual reality (VR) 虚拟现实 12. augmented reality (AR) 增强现实 13. smart device 智能设备 14. cloud computing 云计算 15. data analysis 数据分析 16. programming 编程 17. artificial neural network 人工神经网络 18. deep learning 深度学习 19. robotics 机器人技术 20. human-machine interaction 人机交互 第二部分：未来生活场景词汇 1. smart home 智能家居 2. self-driving car 自动驾驶汽车 3. drone 无人机 4. wearable tech 可穿戴科技 5. smart city 智慧城市 6. telecommuting 远程办公 7. online education 在线教育 8. cashless payment 无现金支付 9. 3D printing 3D打印 10. renewable energy 可再生能源 11. space travel 太空旅行 12. hologram 全息图 13. smart agriculture 智能农业 14. precision medicine 精准医疗 15. digital currency 数字货币 16. virtual office 虚拟办公室 17. automated factory 自动化工厂 18. intelligent transportation 智能交通 19. biometric identification 生物识别 20. green technology 绿色科技 第三部分：科技发展相关动词 1. innovate 创新；革新 2. develop 研发；发展 3. invent 发明；创造 4. design 设计 5. program 编程；设计程序 6. upgrade 升级 7. optimize 优化 8. integrate 整合；融合 9. apply 应用；运用 10. explore 探索；探究 11. predict 预测；预言 12. transform 改变；使改观 13. revolutionize 彻底改变；革命化 14. advance 推进；促进 15. launch 推出；发射 16. test 测试；检验 17. implement 实施；执行 18. adapt 适应；改编 19. adopt 采用；采纳 20. evolve 进化；演变 第四部分：科技影响相关形容词&名词 1. revolutionary 革命性的 2. cutting-edge 尖端的；前沿的 3. advanced 先进的 4. efficient 高效的 5. convenient 便利的 6. potential 潜在的；潜力 7. ethical 伦理的；道德的 8. controversial 有争议的 9. beneficial 有益的 10. risky 有风险的 11. intelligent 智能的 12. automated 自动化的 13. digital 数字的；数码的 14. technological 技术的；科技的 15. innovation 创新；革新 16. breakthrough 突破；重大进展 17. challenge 挑战 18. opportunity 机遇 19. threat 威胁 20. transformation 转变；变革 时文拓展阅读 AI’s Role in Shaping the Future of Urban Life Cities around the world are embracing artificial intelligence to become “smarter” and more sustainable. From intelligent traffic lights that adjust to real-time traffic flow to AI-powered waste management systems that optimize collection routes, the technology is transforming how urban areas function. In Singapore, the Smart Nation initiative uses AI to monitor air quality, manage public transportation, and even predict dengue fever outbreaks by analyzing weather and population data. Meanwhile, in Tokyo, self-driving buses are being tested in residential areas, aiming to solve the problem of a shrinking workforce in the transportation sector. However, experts warn that AI in cities also brings challenges. Privacy concerns arise as smart devices collect massive amounts of personal data, and there is a risk of job displacement for workers in industries like transportation and retail. To address these issues, governments and tech companies are working together to create ethical guidelines for AI use and provide training programs for workers affected by automation. As AI continues to evolve, it will undoubtedly play a pivotal role in building the cities of tomorrow. The key is to balance technological advancement with social responsibility, ensuring that the future of urban life is inclusive and beneficial for all. 【译文欣赏】 人工智能在塑造未来城市生活中的作用 世界各地的城市正拥抱人工智能，以期变得更“智能”、更可持续。从能根据实时交通流量调整的智能交通信号灯，到优化收集路线的人工智能垃圾管理系统，这项技术正在改变城市的运行方式。 在新加坡，“智慧国家”计划利用人工智能监测空气质量、管理公共交通，甚至通过分析气象和人口数据预测登革热疫情。与此同时，在东京，自动驾驶巴士正在居民区进行测试，旨在解决交通行业劳动力萎缩的问题。 然而，专家警告称，城市中的人工智能也带来了挑战。智能设备收集海量个人数据引发了隐私担忧，交通和零售等行业的工人也面临失业风险。为解决这些问题，各国政府和科技企业正携手制定人工智能使用的伦理准则，并为受自动化影响的工人提供培训项目。 随着人工智能不断发展，它无疑将在打造未来城市中发挥关键作用。关键在于平衡技术进步与社会责任，确保城市生活的未来具有包容性，并为所有人带来福祉。 【词汇积累】 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. embrace /ɪmˈbreɪs/ v. 欣然接受；拥抱 2. sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ adj. 可持续的 3. optimize /ˈɒptɪmaɪz/ v. 优化；使最有效 4. initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ n. 倡议；新方案 5. outbreak /ˈaʊtbreɪk/ n. （疾病等的）爆发 6. shrink /ʃrɪŋk/ v. 缩小；收缩 7. displacement /dɪsˈpleɪsmənt/ n. 取代；置换 8. ethical /ˈeθɪkl/ adj. 伦理的；道德的 9. pivotal /ˈpɪvətl/ adj. 关键的；核心的 10. inclusive /ɪnˈkluːsɪv/ adj. 包容的；包含一切的 【知识拓展】 1. 三大机器人定律：由科幻作家艾萨克·阿西莫夫提出，包括“机器人不得伤害人类，或坐视人类受到伤害”“机器人必须服从人类的命令，除非该命令与第一定律冲突”“机器人必须保护自己的存在，除非这与第一、第二定律冲突”，是本单元科幻阅读文本的核心背景。 2. AI发展里程碑：1956年达特茅斯会议首次提出“人工智能”概念；1997年IBM“深蓝”击败国际象棋世界冠军；2016年AlphaGo战胜围棋世界冠军，标志着AI在复杂决策领域的突破。 3. 未来科技趋势：元宇宙（Metaverse）、量子计算（Quantum Computing）、生物科技与AI的融合，将进一步重塑未来生活与生产模式。 【词汇延伸】 1. metaverse /ˈmetəvɜːs/ n. 元宇宙 2. quantum computing 量子计算 3. biotechnology /ˌbaɪəʊtekˈnɒlədʒi/ n. 生物技术 4. cybersecurity /ˌsaɪbəsɪˈkjʊərəti/ n. 网络安全 5. nanotechnology /ˌnænəʊtekˈnɒlədʒi/ n. 纳米技术 6. biometrics /ˌbaɪəʊˈmetrɪks/ n. 生物识别技术 7. automation /ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃn/ n. 自动化 8. singularity /ˌsɪŋɡjəˈlærəti/ n. 技术奇点 9. telemedicine /ˌtelɪˈmedsn/ n. 远程医疗 10. smart grid 智能电网 高考真题链接 (2024全国高考II卷阅读理解D篇) Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Cantona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution(变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI, but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future—several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 32. What does the phrase “in the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic. 33. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals. 34. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A. Observe existing regulations first. B. Reconsider expert opinions about it. C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history. C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert. 答案： 32题：C 解析：“in the wrong hands”后接“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code”，结合后文“thankfully, Campbell有二十年专业经验，能把深奥内容变易懂”，可推知该短语指“若由能力不足的人来写这本书”。A“被教育水平低的人阅读”、B“被恶意的人评论”、D“被非学术人士翻译”均与语境不符，原文强调的是书籍撰写者的能力，而非读者、评论者或翻译者。 33题：B 解析：原文第二段提到“She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible”，即作者以务实的商业视角写作，书籍通俗易懂，B（采用务实的写作风格） 符合；A“满是复杂代码”与原文矛盾，原文说避免了复杂；C“提供分步指导”、D“为AI专业人士打造”均无原文依据。 34题：C 解析：第三段提到“it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence”，第四段又说要让科技公司、世界领袖与专家达成共识，通过全球监管实现管控，即C（共同努力控制AI）；A“先遵守现有法规”，原文未提及现有法规；B“重新考虑专家意见”，原文是让各方与专家达成一致，而非否定专家意见；D“从过往经验学习来放缓AI发展”，原文未提“放缓”，而是强调“管控”。 35题：A 解析：全文围绕《AI by Design》这本书展开，介绍其内容、特点及价值，末句“if you only read one book on the subject, this is it”直接体现作者的推荐意图，A（推荐一本关于AI的书） 正确；B“简述AI历史”、C“阐明AI定义”、D“致敬杰出AI专家”均非文本主旨。 命题特点 1. 题型全覆盖，侧重逻辑与主旨考查 涵盖词义猜测（32题）、细节理解（33题）、推理判断（34题）、主旨意图（35题） 四大核心题型，符合高考阅读“全面考查语言理解与逻辑分析能力”的导向，其中推理题和主旨题占比过半，侧重深层理解。 2. 考点紧扣文本逻辑，无主观臆断 所有题目答案均能在原文找到明确依据，如32题依托“转折逻辑”猜词义，34题结合“观点句+细节描述”推结论，避免脱离文本的主观判断。 3. 选材贴合时代，聚焦前沿话题 选取AI与未来生活的话题，兼具实用性与思想性，体现高考阅读“选材贴近现实、关注社会热点”的特点。 命题规律 1. 词义猜测题：依托上下文逻辑，侧重语境推断 考查短语含义时，需结合前后句的转折、解释等逻辑关系。如32题“in the wrong hands”的含义，由后文“Campbell有专业能力把内容变易懂”的转折内容可推知，命题聚焦“语境反推”的解题逻辑。 2. 细节题：答案为原文信息的同义替换 细节题选项多是原文内容的改写，如33题“down-to-earth writing style”对应原文“practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic”，符合高考“同义替换”的命题规律。 3. 推理题：围绕作者/人物观点，抓核心态度句 推理题多基于文中人物的观点表述设置，如34题Campbell的主张，需整合“keep control of AI”“global regulation”等核心句的信息，命题侧重“整合细节推结论”。 4. 主旨题：首尾呼应定核心，直击写作目的 主旨题答案与文本首尾内容紧密关联，如35题由首段“介绍书籍”、末段“推荐书籍”的内容，可直接锁定“推荐书籍”的写作目的，命题遵循“首尾抓主旨”的规律。 解题思维 1. 词义猜测题：抓逻辑关联词，找语境提示 先定位短语所在句，再关注前后句的转折、因果、解释等逻辑（如32题的“but, thankfully”），通过语境的对比/补充信息推断词义，避免仅根据短语字面意思判断。 2. 细节题：关键词定位+选项比对 用题干关键词（如33题的“feature of AI by Design”）定位原文，提取核心信息后，将选项与原文逐一比对，排除与原文矛盾或未提及的内容。 3. 推理题：整合观点句+细节，遵循“有据可推” 先找到人物的核心观点句，再结合相关细节补充，推理结论需贴合原文逻辑，不可过度延伸（如34题不可主观推断“放缓AI发展”，原文仅强调“管控”）。 4. 主旨题：梳理文本脉络，排除局部信息 跳脱单个细节，梳理全文主线（介绍书籍→分析书籍特点→阐述书籍核心观点→推荐书籍），排除仅概括某一段落的干扰项（如35题的B、C、D均为局部信息）。 干扰项特征 1. 无中生有 干扰项内容在原文完全未提及，如33题C“提供分步指导”、D“为AI专业人士打造”，34题A“遵守现有法规”，均属于命题人主观编造。 2. 偷换概念 干扰项偷换原文核心主体或概念，如32题A“被教育水平低的人阅读”将“书籍撰写者”偷换为“读者”，D“被非学术人士翻译”将“撰写”偷换为“翻译”。 3. 过度推理 干扰项基于原文信息过度延伸，如34题D“从过往经验学习来放缓AI发展”，原文仅提“管控AI”，未提及“放缓发展”和“过往经验”。 4. 偏离主旨 主旨题干扰项仅涵盖文本局部内容，如35题B“简述AI历史”、C“阐明AI定义”，均只是文本的次要信息，未触及“推荐书籍”的核心。 1. 原句：Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. 结构拆解：①原因状语（Given...）；②并列主句（we need to take action... and this is where...）；③表语从句（where...）。 翻译：鉴于人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对由人工智能主导的未来，而《AI设计：与人工智能共存的计划》这本书恰好能在这方面发挥作用。 考点：given介词短语表原因+表语从句，常考细节定位与逻辑理解。 2. 原句：She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. 结构拆解：①主句（She explains...）；②宾语从句（we are at... and must act...）；③目的状语（to prevent...）。 翻译：她解释说，我们正处于历史的“临界点”，必须立即采取行动，防止人类遭遇灭绝级别的事件。 考点：宾语从句+并列谓语+目的状语，常用于推理题的逻辑分析。 1. astonishing /əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋ/ adj. 令人惊讶的；例：astonishing potential（惊人的潜力） 2. forthcoming /ˌfɔːθˈkʌmɪŋ/ adj. 即将到来的；例：the forthcoming AI revolution（即将到来的人工智能革命） 3. accessible /əkˈsesəbl/ adj. 易懂的；易获取的；例：a highly accessible guide（一本非常易懂的指南） 4. sidelined /ˈsaɪdlaɪnd/ adj. 被排挤的；被忽视的；例：risk being sidelined（面临被忽视的风险） 5. tipping point 临界点；例：at a tipping point in history（处于历史的临界点） 6. pan out 发展；结果如何；例：consider how we want our future with AI to pan out（思考我们希望与人工智能共处的未来如何发展） 综合实战演练 语篇 题型 体裁 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 牛津大学出版社将“脑腐”选为2024年年度词汇。文章介绍了脑腐产生的原因和治疗方式等 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 主要介绍人类语言交流特点及反语在交流中的作用,在交流中应该理解话语背后的意思 Passage3 阅读理解 议论文 一个年轻人Jessica Watson成为了澳大利亚年轻人的英雄，为此各方有着不同的看法 Passage4 阅读理解 议论文 通过Kelly Chavis的课堂实验展示了智能手机对学生的影响，并引一些专业人士的观点来支持个人的论证 Passage5 七选五 说明文 主要阐述生活中的成年人对青少年个人成长的重要性，并提供三种方法帮助青少年 Passage6 七选五 记叙文 79岁的班尼斯特在徒步时摔断腿，得到陌生人热心救助，之后与救援者成为挚友的温暖故事 Passage7 完形填空 记叙文 讲述了作者因忙碌于各项事务导致精力耗尽、工作失误，在同事的建议下开始调整工作方式，给自己留出空间 Passage 1 (2025届安徽省淮北市和淮南市高三上学期第一次质量检测英语试题)There’s a name for that feeling you get after spending too long scrolling aimlessly, and Oxford University Press (OUP) has chosen it as its word for the year for 2024. “Brain rot” took the title in a vote in which more than 37, 000 people participated, as well as public commentary and analysis of OUP’s language data. In a statement released Monday, OUP, which publishes the Oxford English Dictionary, defined “brain rot” as the supposed decline in a person‘s mental or intellectual state, especially viewed as the result of over-consumption of material (now particularly online content) considered to be shallow or unchallenging. While the use of “brain rot” rose 230% this year, it was actually first introduced more than a century ago. According to OUP, it was first used by author Henry David Thoreau in his book Walden as he criticized society’s tendency to devalue complicated ideas in favour of simple ones. All these years later, it seems brain rot is well and truly established. The term has gained attention over the past year, however, especially as worries grow about the impact of over-consuming low-quality content online. Earlier this year, a behavioral healthcare provider in the United States began offering treatment for brain rot, describing it as a condition of confusion, tiredness, lack of focus, and weakened mental ability. The healthcare company cited endless scrolling and social media addiction as examples of brain rot behavior, which could be prevented by setting limits on screen time or doing a digital cleansing. “ ‘Brain rot’ speaks to one of the perceived dangers of virtual life, and how we are using our free time, ” said Casper Grathwohl, president of Oxford Languages. “I also find it fascinating that the word ‘brain rot’ has been adopted by Gen Z and Gen Alpha. These communities have promoted the expression through social media channels, the very place said to cause ‘brain rot’, ” he added. “It demonstrates a somewhat humorous self-awareness in the younger generations about the harmful impact of the social media that they’ve received. ” 1. What does “brain rot” refer to according to Oxford University Press? A. A headache caused by too much screen time. B. Mental decline from meaningless viewing. C. Low-quality online information. D. Addiction to social media. 2. Why did Thoreau use the term “brain rot” in his writing? A. To warn people about overusing the Internet. B. To encourage readers to watch shallow content. C. To challenge society’s preference for simple ideas. D. To praise mental health advancements of his time. 3. What is the main idea of the third paragraph? A. Brain rot is caused by social media and can be treated. B. Social media causes most mental health issues. C. Screen time has no impact on mental health. D. Brain rot is not a real mental condition. 4. Why does Casper Grathwohl describe the younger generation as humorous? A. Because they openly laugh at the mental state of older generations. B. Because they treat low-quality online content purely as entertainment. C. Because they completely avoid discussing brain rot and see it as a joke. D. Because they admit the harm of social media with self-critical humor. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。牛津大学出版社将“脑腐”选为2024年年度词汇。文章介绍了脑腐产生的原因和治疗方式等。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“In a statement released Monday, OUP, which publishes the Oxford English Dictionary, defined “brain rot” as the supposed decline in a person's mental or intellectual state, especially viewed as the result of over-consumption of material (now particularly online content) considered to be shallow or unchallenging.(在周一发布的一份声明中，出版《牛津英语词典》的OUP将“脑腐”定义为一个人精神或智力状态的衰退，尤其是被认为是过度消费被认为肤浅或缺乏挑战性的材料(现在尤其是在线内容)的结果。)”可知，根据牛津大学出版社的说法，“脑腐”指的是无意义的观看导致的智力衰退。故选B项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“According to OUP, it was first used by author Henry David Thoreau in his book Walden as he criticized society's tendency to devalue complicated ideas in favour of simple ones.(根据OUP的说法，作家亨利·大卫·梭罗在他的著作《瓦尔登湖》中首次使用了这个词，他批评了社会倾向于贬低复杂的想法，而倾向于简单的想法。)”可知，梭罗在他的作品中使用“脑腐”这个词是为了挑战社会对简单思想的偏好。故选C项。 3. 主旨大意题。根据第三段的内容“Earlier this year, a behavioral healthcare provider in the United States began offering treatment for brain rot, describing it as a condition of confusion, tiredness, lack of focus, and weakened mental ability. The healthcare company cited endless scrolling and social media addiction as examples of brain rot behavior, which could be prevented by setting limits on screen time or doing a digital cleansing.(今年早些时候，美国一家行为保健机构开始为脑腐提供治疗，将其描述为一种混乱、疲劳、注意力不集中和心智能力减弱的状态。这家医疗保健公司将无休止的滚动和社交媒体成瘾作为大脑腐行为的例子，可以通过限制屏幕时间或进行数字净化来预防。)”可知，该段主要是说脑腐是由社交媒体引起的，是可以治疗的。故选A项。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子““I also find it fascinating that the word ‘brain rot’ has been adopted by Gen Z and Gen Alpha. These communities have promoted the expression through social media channels, the very place said to cause ‘brain rot’, ” he added. “It demonstrates a somewhat humorous self-awareness in the younger generations about the harmful impact of the social media that they've received. ”(“我还发现，‘脑腐’这个词被Z世代和Alpha世代所采用，这也很有趣。这些社区通过社交媒体渠道推广这种表达方式，而社交媒体渠道恰恰被认为会导致‘脑腐’。”他补充道。“这表明年轻一代对社交媒体的有害影响有一种有点幽默的自我意识。”)”可知，卡斯珀·格拉斯沃将年轻一代描述为幽默是因为他们以自我批判的幽默承认社交媒体的危害。故选D项。 Passage 2 (2025届山东省济南市高三下学期一模英语试题)It’s a classic complaint in relationships, especially romantic ones: “She said she was okay with me forgetting her birthday! Then why is she throwing dishes in the kitchen? Are the two things related? ” The answer is YES. Communication is more than words. It’s how those words are said, the tone, the order, even the choice of a particular word. It’s multi-dimensional, as explored by Deirdre Wilson and Dan Sperber in Meaning and Relevance. Consider the following example: Peter got angry and Mary left; Mary left and Peter got angry. Though identical in words, their meanings differ completely. The first one may have us thinking: Wow, Peter must get angry often if Mary leaves. The second sentence suggests that Peter wants more from Mary. Same words — a totally different context. Human language is not a code(编码). True codes have a one-to-one relationship with meaning. One sound, one definition. This is what we see with animals. Wilson and Sperber explain that “coded communication works best when emitter(发出者) and receiver share exactly the same code. ” Not so for humans. We communicate more than the definitions of our words would suggest. This is inferential communication, and it means that we understand not only the words spoken, but the context in which they are spoken. . Irony(反语) is a great example of how powerfully we can communicate context with a few simple words. It is more than just stating the opposite. For example, when Mary says, after a boring party, “That was fun”, she is neither saying literally that the party was fun nor saying “ironically” that the party was boring. Rather, she is expressing an emotion. Three words replace paragraphs, showcasing language’s efficiency. Wilson and Sperber concluded that human language developed and became so powerful because of two unique abilities of humans: language and the power to try to interpret mental states of others. We look for context for the words we hear. And we should be very good at absorbing this context to infer meaning. 1. What does the complaint in Paragraph 1 mainly indicate? A. The inconsistence between words and meaning. B. The importance of remembering vital moments. C. The necessity of straightforward communication. D. The unavoidability of argument in a couple's life. 2. What may make human language different from true codes? A. The context included in understanding meanings. B. The definitions made by words in communication. C. The coded communication between emitter and receiver. D. The one-to-one relationship between word and meaning. 3. How does Mary’s statement “That was fun” illustrate about irony? A. It simplifies language to save time. B. It covers the true feelings of people. C. It needs wordy explanations to make sense. D. It uses fewer words for complex meanings. 4. What does the author suggest in communication? A. Focusing on the opposite. B. Taking language literally. C. Reading beyond the words. D. Avoiding using ironic tones. 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. D 4. C 【知识点】语言与文化 、说明文 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人类语言交流特点及反语在交流中的作用。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“She said she was okay with me forgetting her birthday! Then why is she throwing dishes in the kitchen? Are the two things related?(她说她不介意我忘记她的生日！那她为什么在厨房里摔盘子呢？这两件事有关系吗？)”以及第二段“Communication is more than words. It’s how those words are said, the tone, the order, even the choice of a particular word.(交流不仅仅是言语。还包括这些话是怎么说的，语气，顺序，甚至是某个特定单词的选择)”可推知，第一段的抱怨主要表明了言语和意思之间的不一致。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Human language is not a code (编码). True codes have a one-to-one relationship with meaning. One sound, one definition. This is what we see with animals. Wilson and Sperber explain that “coded communication works best when emitter (发出者) and receiver share exactly the same code. ” Not so for humans. We communicate more than the definitions of our words would suggest. This is inferential communication, and it means that we understand not only the words spoken, but the context in which they are spoken.(人类语言不是一种编码。真正的编码与意义有着一一对应的关系。一种声音，一种定义。这就是我们在动物身上看到的情况。威尔逊和斯珀伯解释说：“当发出者和接收者拥有完全相同的编码时，编码交流效果最佳。”人类则不是这样。我们交流的内容比我们所说的单词的定义要多。这是一种推理交流，这意味着我们不仅理解所说的单词，而且理解它们所使用的语境)”可知，理解意义时所包含的语境使人类语言不同于真正的编码。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Irony (反语) is a great example of how powerfully we can communicate context with a few simple words. It is more than just stating the opposite. For example, when Mary says, after a boring party, “That was fun”, she is neither saying literally that the party was fun nor saying “ironically” that the party was boring. Rather, she is expressing an emotion. Three words replace paragraphs, showcasing language’s efficiency.(反语是一个很好的例子，说明我们如何用几个简单的词来有力地传达语境。它不仅仅是陈述相反的意思。例如，当玛丽在一个无聊的聚会后说“那很有趣”时，她既不是说聚会真的很有趣，也不是“讽刺地”说聚会很无聊。相反，她在表达一种情感。三个字代替了段落，展示了语言的效率)”可知，玛丽的陈述“那很有趣”用更少的词表达了复杂的意思，从而说明了反语的特点。故选 D。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Wilson and Sperber concluded that human language developed and became so powerful because of two unique abilities of humans: language and the power to try to interpret mental states of others. We look for context for the words we hear. And we should be very good at absorbing this context to infer meaning.(威尔逊和斯珀伯得出结论，人类语言之所以发展并变得如此强大，是因为人类有两种独特的能力：语言能力和试图解读他人心理状态的能力。我们为听到的单词寻找语境。我们应该非常善于吸收这种语境来推断意义)” 可推知，作者认为在交流中应该理解话语背后的意思，也就是不仅仅局限于字面意思。故选C。 Passage 3 （19-20学年高二上·山东济南·期末）Teenagers who travel around the world alone have been making headlines quite often. A young person alone in a dangerous situation attracts attention and sponsors. Young sailors also attract various views. For example, Jessica Watson was asked by the government to cancel her voyage, yet the Prime Minister called her “a hero for young Australians” when she returned. It seemed there is confusion about the competence and independence of young people. The popular psychologists tell us that teenage brains are likely to make wrong judgments. But such ideas often do not apply to specific individuals. Between the ages of 14 and 18, teenagers vary greatly in their abilities. The amount of independence that each is allowed should be determined not simply by their age but by discussion with the related, responsible adults. Some teens are certainly inexperienced and capable of childish mistakes, but the ones who attempt dangerous journeys normally do so by winning the confidence of hard-headed and well-qualified adult supporters. But it’s also wrong to think that any 16-year-old can desire to get achievements as unusual as Jessica Watson’s. Watson calls herself “an ordinary girl who had a dream”. Her intention is to encourage teenagers but this idea can have the opposite effect of making them feel not good enough because great achievements are beyond them. Should all teens have such dreams? Actually, individuals face varying circumstances that restrict their dreams. Teenagers who travel around the world alone should not be judged by preconceived (事先形成的) views about young people. Nor should young “ordinary” teenagers feel pressure to long for extraordinary personal goals. In fact, I believe the example of solo sailing overstresses individualism. The teenage years are when most of us “ordinary” people learn that we can achieve great things in cooperation with others. 1．What can we learn about Jessica Watson? A．She was criticized by the government. B．She eventually canceled her voyage. C．She has traveled around the world. D．She made a successful voyage. 2．What can be inferred about teenagers from the text? A．They have similar abilities. B．They make decisions on their own. C．They always make wrong judgments. D．They need supports of responsible adults. 3．Who does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Parents. B．Teenagers. C．Psychologists. D．Adults. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Divided Opinions on Young Adventurers B．Problems Faced by Adventurous Teens C．Various Ways to Become Independent D．Pressure to Achieve Personal Goals 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．A 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了独自一人环游世界的青少年经常成为头条新闻，一个年轻人Jessica Watson成为了澳大利亚年轻人的英雄，为此各方有着不同的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“For example, Jessica Watson was asked by the government to cancel her voyage, yet the Prime Minister called her “a hero for young Australians” when she returned.”可知，政府要求Jessica Watson取消航行，但在她返回时总理称她为澳大利亚年轻人的英雄。由此可知，Jessica Watson进行了一次成功的航行。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段的“ The amount of independence that each is allowed should be determined not simply by their age but by discussion with the related, responsible adults. Some teens are certainly inexperienced and capable of childish mistakes, but the ones who attempt dangerous journeys normally do so by winning the confidence of hard-headed and well-qualified adult supporters.”可知，允许每个人独立的程度不仅应由他们的年龄决定，还需要与相关的负责任的成年人讨论。有些青少年肯定是没有经验的，并且容易犯幼稚的错误，但是那些尝试危险旅行的青少年那样做通常是得到了精明冷静的和有学识的成人支持者的信任。由此可知，青少年需要负责任的成年人的支持。故选D。 3．指代猜测题。根据第三段的“But it’s also wrong to think that any 16-year-old can desire to get achievements as unusual as Jessica Watson’s. Watson calls herself “an ordinary girl who had a dream”. Her intention is to encourage teenagers but this idea can have the opposite effect of making them feel not good enough because great achievements are beyond them. Should all teens have such dreams? Actually, individuals face varying circumstances that restrict their dreams.”可知，认为任何16岁的年轻人都渴望获得Jessica Watson一样出色的成就也是错误的。Watson称自己为一个有梦想的普通女孩。她这样做的目的是为了鼓励青少年，但是这个想法可能产生相反的效果，使他们感到自己不够好，因为在他们看来伟大的成就是他们不可触及的。所有的青少年都应该有这样的梦想吗？实际上，每个人面临着各种不同的情况，这限制了他们的梦想。由此可知，划线词they指代的是前文提到的青少年。故选B。 4．标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了独自一人环游世界的青少年经常成为头条新闻，一个处境危险的年轻人Jessica Watson成为了澳大利亚年轻人的英雄，为此各方有着不同的看法。下文具体地分析了人们的不同看法。根据第二题的分析可知，第二段提到“青少年需要负责任的成年人的支持”。第三段提到“认为任何16岁的年轻人都渴望获得Jessica Watson一样出色的成就也是错误的”。最后一段中提到作者的看法“不应仅凭对年轻人的先入为主的看法来判断在世界各地旅行的青少年。青少年也不应感到压力去渴望达到非凡的个人目标。实际上，我相信单人航行的例子过分强调个人主义。十几岁的时候，我们大多数普通人都知道我们可以与他人合作来成就伟大的事情”。因此A项（对年轻冒险者的不同看法。）可以作为文章的标题。故选A。 Passage 4 （18-19学年高二上·山东济宁·期末）High school biology teacher Kelly Chavis knew smartphones were a problem in her class. But not even the students realized how much of a problem the devices were until Chavis did an in-class experiment. For one class period, students used a whiteboard to count every Snapchat, Instagram, text, call that appeared on their phones. Chavis is among a growing number of teachers, parents and health experts who believe that smartphones are now partly to blame for increasing the levels of student anxiety. “One girl, just during the one hour, got close to 150 Snapchat notifications. 150!” she said. Jean Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University in California, said it is not a coincidence that youth mental health issues have risen with the number of phones. “This use of phones has led to a loss of sleep and face-to-face interactions necessary for their growth,” she said. Researchers are still not sure whether phones cause student depression or depression causes phone use. But nearly 4 percent of parents said they worry about the influence of social media on their child’s physical and mental health. Both schools and parents are starting to take steps to deal with the problem. Many public schools pay outside companies to watch students’ social media activity for signs of anxiety. Other schools invite in yoga teachers and comfort dogs to help calm students. 1．What’s the purpose of Chavis’s experiment? A．To see how many students have smartphones. B．To find out how popular her students are. C．To show smartphones influence teenagers greatly. D．To tell her students how to use smartphones wisely. 2．How did Kelly Chavis feel about the result? A．Shocked. B．Excited. C．Satisfied. D．Frightened. 3．Which of the following is true according to Jean Twenge? A．Students are now under great stress. B．Students spend too much money on smartphones. C．Over-using phones cause drops in students’ grades. D．Over-using phones may harm students’ body and mind. 4．What might be talked about if the passage is continued? A．How other schools deal with students’ phones. B．Whether the ways to handle phones are effective. C．How some parents deal with their children’s phones. D．Whether students are willing to give up using phones. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者通过Kelly Chavis的课堂实验展示了智能手机对学生的影响，并引一些专业人士的观点来支持个人的论证，继而说明了学校就学生使用手机问题采取的措施。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的But not even the students realized how much of a problem the devices were until Chavis did an in-class experiment.和下文可知，直到查维斯在课堂上做了一个实验，学生们才意识到这些设备有多大的问题：焦虑、睡眠不足等问题，故查维斯的实验目的是想去展示手机对青少年的影响很大，故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段的Chavis is among a growing number of teachers…are now partly to blame for increasing the levels of…“One girl, just during the one hour, got close to 150 Snapchat notifications. 150!” she said.越来越多的老师、家长和健康专家认为，学生的焦虑程度越来越高，部分原因是智能手机造成的，查维斯就是其中之一。“一个女孩在一个小时内收到了近150条Snapchat通知。150条!”，可知Chavis对于实验的结果是非常震惊的，故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段的it is not a coincidence that youth mental health issues have risen with the number of phones.可知Jean Twenge认为过度使用手机可能会伤害学生的身心。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句Both schools and parents are starting to take steps to deal with the problem.可知最后一段讨论的是学校应采取的措施，那么接下来的段落可能会讨论的问题是一些父母如何处理他们孩子的手机。故选C项。 Passage5 （2026届浙江省杭州市上城区等5地高三一模英语试题）The adults in your life play an important role in shaping the person you are. Through their encouragement and guidance, they help you to flourish, learn, and grow. 1 There might also be times when your relationship comes under extra pressure. At these moments, it’s hard not to focus on everything they’re doing ‘wrong’, but there are ways to reset and remind yourself of what you value about them. ● Keep talking. It’s easy to lock yourself away when you’re upset with your parents or after an argument. It’s normal for healthy relationships to break down occasionally. 2 The key to communicating well is to be open about your feelings but try not to use your words to wound or punish. ● Why appreciation matters. Life isn’t always easy. But by looking for things to feel grateful for, you can reflect on the positives in life, even in the toughest times. 3 Building an attitude of gratitude takes time and practice. By noticing all the good that your parents do will not only build and improve relationships, but create a positive cycle, where everyone feels that their efforts are acknowledged. ● 4 It might also help to keep in mind that even though the adults in your life can seem all-knowing, they’re actually just ordinary people with strengths and weaknesses. 5 Often, they’re only trying to protect and guide you. This can feel annoying when you want to lead your own life and make your own choices. But good communication is about compromise and can take a bit of practice. Remember that your parents are learning, too! A．That’s not to say this is easy. B．Grow together with your parents. C．Parents always have the final say. D．Showing appreciation doesn’t require great efforts. E．The chances are, your parents are doing their best. F．It’s the making up and repairing part that’s important. G．Sometimes, though, you might forget your appreciation for them. 【答案】1．G 2．F 3．A 4．B 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述生活中的成年人（如父母）对青少年个人成长的重要性，并提供三种方法帮助青少年在关系面临压力时修复与他们的关系。 1．上文“Through their encouragement and guidance, they help you to flourish, learn, and grow (在他们的鼓励和指导下，他们帮助你蓬勃发展、学习并且成长)”说明了成年人对青少年的积极作用，强调双方关系中的正面。下文“There might also be times when your relationship comes under extra pressure (生活中也可能有这样的时刻：你和他们的关系面临额外压力)”则转折到关系中的负面，因此空处需一个过渡句连接“正面”与“负面”。选项G“然而，有时你可能会忘记对他们的感激之情。”符合转折逻辑。故选G。 2．上文“It’s normal for healthy relationships to break down occasionally (健康的关系偶尔出现裂痕是正常的)”说明了“关系出现问题很正常”这一观点。下文“The key to communicating well is to be open about your feelings but try not to use your words to wound or punish.(良好沟通的关键是坦诚表达感受，但尽量不要用你的话来伤害或惩罚)”指出怎样修复关系”，空处需要一个句子承接“出问题正常”并引出“修复很重要”。选项F“重要的是和好与修复的过程。”符合递进逻辑。故选F。 3．上文“But by looking for things to feel grateful for, you can reflect on the positives in life, even in the toughest times.(但通过寻找值得感恩的事情，你能看到生活中的积极面，即使是在最艰难的时候)”提出“要心怀感恩”的建议。下文 “Building an attitude of gratitude takes time and practice (培养感恩的态度需要时间和练习)”说明感恩需要时间和练习。选项A“这并不是说这很容易。”既呼应上文“寻找值得感恩的事”，又为下文“需要时间练习”铺垫，符合解释说明逻辑。故选A。 4．空处为本段小标题。下文“It might also help to keep in mind that even though the adults in your life can seem all-knowing, they’re actually just ordinary people with strengths and weaknesses. (记住，尽管你生活中的成年人看起来无所不知，但他们实际上只是普通人，有长处也有弱点)”指出成年人也有弱点，由此可知，“你”应该理解他们并与他们共同成长。选项B “和父母一起成长”既涵盖“父母是普通人（也需学习）”，又呼应下文“Remember that your parents are learning, too!（记住，你的父母也在学习！)”。故选B。 5．上文“It might also help to keep in mind that even though the adults in your life can seem all-knowing, they’re actually just ordinary people with strengths and weaknesses. (记住，尽管你生活中的成年人看起来无所不知，但他们实际上只是普通人，有长处也有弱点)”引导“你”理解父母的不完美。下文“Often, they’re only trying to protect and guide you (通常，他们只是想保护和引导你)”进一步解释父母行为的初衷，空处需要一个句子衔接“父母是普通人”与“行为初衷”，说明父母的主观努力。选项E“很可能，你的父母正在尽他们最大的努力。”符合语境，承上启下。故选E。 Passage6 A Piggyback Ride from a Stranger Once a year, Bannister climbs to High Rock Lookout where she scattered her mother’s ashes 23 years ago. 1 Last August, Bannister, then 79, went on her own, figuring she’d be fine because she’s an experienced hiker. She arrived at the trail early and made her way to the lookout. As she headed back down, her foot got caught in a hole in the ground. 2 When sitting up, she knew immediately she had broken her leg. She cried out for help, and before long, a stranger approached and called 911. They were told a search and rescue team would arrive in five hours. “It wasn’t very encouraging,” Bannister says. “I asked if anyone had painkillers, because the pain was pretty substantial then.” 3 But two young men, Troy May, an Air Force airman and his friend Layton Allen, came over to see what was going on. When seeing Bannister in extreme pain, they offered to carry her to the bottom of the trail. May eased Bannister onto his back and started hiking downward. He carried her for most of the nearly three-hour journey, and Allen carried her for the rest. “That was just one kindness,” says Bannister. 4 One, a physical therapist, bandaged Bannister’s foot and built a makeshift splint (夹板) for her leg. The other did breathing exercises with her to help calm her. During the long hike down, her rescuers shared stories to distract her from the mounting pain. Once reaching the parking lot, they rushed Bannister to the nearest hospital. 5 “I think we’ll be lifelong friends,” Bannister says. A．She was almost in despair. B．No one in the surrounding area did. C．She fell forward against all expectations. D．A couple hiking that day also lent a hand. E．They have visited her several times afterwards. F．Therefore, she visited there regularly in honor of her. G．She usually hikes with someone along the 3.2-mile trail. 【答案】1．G 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了79岁的班尼斯特在徒步时摔断腿，得到陌生人热心救助，之后与救援者成为挚友的温暖故事。 1．由上文“Once a year, Bannister climbs to High Rock Lookout where she scattered her mother’s ashes 23 years ago.(班尼斯特每年都会爬到高岩瞭望台，23年前她在那里撒了她母亲的骨灰)”以及下文“Last August, Bannister, then 79, went on her own, figuring she’d be fine because she’s an experienced hiker.(去年8月，当时79岁的班尼斯特独自前往，她认为自己会没事的，因为她是一名经验丰富的徒步旅行者)”可知，本空要说跟“班尼斯特的徒步习惯”有关的话题，G选项“She usually hikes with someone along the 3.2-mile trail.(她通常和人在3.2英里长的小径上徒步旅行)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“hikes”与下文的“hikers”相呼应，且说明了班尼斯特之前的徒步习惯，与后文她独自徒步形成对比。故选G。 2．由上文“As she headed back down, her foot got caught in a hole in the ground.(当她往回走时，她的脚被地上的一个洞绊住了)”以及下文“When sitting up, she knew immediately she had broken her leg.(当她坐起来时，她立刻知道自己摔断了腿)”可知，本空要说跟“班尼斯特摔倒”有关的话题，C选项“She fell forward against all expectations.(出乎意料的是，她向前摔倒了)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“fell”与上文的“got caught”以及下文的“broken her leg”相呼应，说明了班尼斯特摔倒并摔断了腿。故选C。 3．由上文““It wasn’t very encouraging,” Bannister says. “I asked if anyone had painkillers, because the pain was pretty substantial then.”(“这不太令人鼓舞，”班尼斯特说。“我问有没有人有止痛药，因为那时候疼痛非常剧烈。”)”以及下文“But two young men, Troy May, an Air Force airman and his friend Layton. Allen, came over to see what was going on.(但是两个年轻人，空军飞行员特洛伊·梅和他的朋友莱顿·艾伦走过来看看发生了什么事)”可知，本空要说跟“没有人帮助班尼斯特”有关的话题，以与后文有人帮助班尼斯特形成转折，B选项“No one in the surrounding area did.(周围没有人这么做)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项说明了在班尼斯特需要帮助时，周围没有人提供止痛药。故选B。 4．由上文“That was just one kindness,” says Bannister.(“那只是一种善意，”班尼斯特说)”以及下文“One, a physical therapist, bandaged Bannister’s foot and built a makeshift splint (夹板) for her leg. The other did breathing exercises with her to help calm her.(一个是物理治疗师，给班尼斯特的脚包扎，并为她的腿做了一个临时夹板。另一个和她一起做呼吸练习以帮助她平静下来)”可知，本空要说跟“其他人也帮助了班尼斯特”有关的话题，D选项“A couple hiking that day also lent a hand.(那天徒步旅行的一对夫妇也伸出了援手)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“a couple”指代下文的“One...The other...”，说明了除了那两个年轻人，还有其他人在帮助班尼斯特。故选D。 5．由上文“Once reaching the parking lot, they rushed Bannister to the nearest hospital.(一到停车场，他们就把班尼斯特送到了最近的医院)”以及下文““I think we’ll be lifelong friends,” Bannister says.(“我想我们会成为一生的朋友，”班尼斯特说)”可知，本空要说跟“班尼斯特和救援者之后的联系”有关的话题，E选项“They have visited her several times afterwards.(之后他们去看望了她好几次)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中的“visited her several times”与下文的“lifelong friends”相呼应，说明了班尼斯特和救援者之间的深厚友谊。故选E。 Passage7 （24-25学年高二上·山东淄博·期末）Since the beginning of my Ph.D．, my life had been packed with activities. Besides working full time on my own research, I 1 my colleagues’ experiments by helping with tasks like data analysis. I attended every course that I could, believing my ability to 2 a tight schedule was a measure of my 3 . However, behind my busyness lay an undeniable truth — I was burned out. My attention was 4 —I couldn’t put my best work into all the 5 . Then after a major error in my research paper, a colleague came and 6 , “You need to raise your working approach, but more importantly, you need to 7 .” I took his advice. I purchased a separate work phone, which I would leave 8 in the evenings. I also started to set clear 9 around my work hours and became more 10 about the projects I took on. Initially, I felt I was doing something that might 11 my career. But my priorities became clearer as I took more time to 12 and reflect on my work. 13 , I realized I really liked writing the thesis and put more time and effort into them. Ultimately, this 14 made me more productive. Creating space for yourself isn’t a sign of 15 ; it’s a way to focus on what truly matters to you. 1．A．graded B．aided C．funded D．scheduled 2．A．assign B．manage C．delay D．decline 3．A．patience B．competence C．knowledge D．ambition 4．A．drawn B．focused C．divided D．directed 5．A．achievements B．courses C．rewards D．tasks 6．A．ordered B．blamed C．suggested D．investigated 7．A．slow down B．hang on C．cheer up D．fight back 8．A．untouched B．uncharged C．unpaid D．unlocked 9．A．guidelines B．deadlines C．goals D．boundaries 10．A．selective B．curious C．confident D．anxious 11．A．launch B．improve C．affect D．lengthen 12．A．research B．experiment C．breathe D．battle 13．A．For instance B．In addition C．By contrast D．As always 14．A．belief B．training C．purchase D．change 15．A．showing off B．breaking down C．fading away D．falling behind 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．A 9．D 10．A 11．C 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者读博士期间，因忙碌于各项事务导致精力耗尽、工作失误，在同事的建议下开始调整工作方式，给自己留出空间，最终变得更高效，并认识到给自己留出空间并非落后的表现，而是专注于真正重要事情的一种方式。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了全职从事自己的研究之外，我还通过帮助完成数据分析等任务来帮助同事进行实验。A. graded评分，分级；B. aided协助；C. funded资助；D. scheduled安排时间，预定。根据下文“by helping with tasks like data analysis”可知，作者通过帮忙做数据分析等任务来“协助（aided）”同事的实验。故选B项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我参加了我所能参加的每一门课程，我相信我管理紧凑日程的能力是对我能力的一种衡量。A. assign分配；B. manage管理；C. delay延迟；D. decline下降。根据句意以及“believing my ability to...a tight schedule”可知，作者相信自己“安排（manage）”紧凑日程的能力。故选B项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我参加了我所能参加的每一门课程，我相信我管理紧凑日程的能力是对我能力的一种衡量。A. patience耐心；B. competence能力；C. knowledge知识；D. ambition野心。根据句意以及上文“believing my ability to　　2　　a tight schedule was a measure of my”可知，作者认为自己安排紧凑日程的能力是衡量自己“能力（competence）”的一个标准。故选B项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的注意力被分散了——我不能把我最好的工作投入到所有的任务中。A. drawn吸引；B. focused关注；C. divided分散；D. directed指导。根据上文“I was burned out.”以及下文“I couldn’t put my best work into a...”可知，作者精力耗尽，注意力“分散（divided）”，无法全身心投入任务中。故选C项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的注意力被分散了——我不能把我最好的工作投入到一项任务中。A. achievements成就；B. courses课程；C. rewards奖励；D. tasks任务。根据上文“Besides working full time on my own research”以及“I couldn’t put my best work into…”可知，作者注意力分散，不能把最好的工作状态投入到“任务（tasks）”。故选D项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，在我的研究论文中出现了一个重大错误之后，一位同事走过来建议说：“你需要提高你的工作方法，但更重要的是，你需要放慢速度。”A. ordered命令；B. blamed责备；C. suggested建议；D. investigated调查。根据“You need to raise your working approach, but more importantly, you need to...”可知，同事过来“建议（suggested）”作者。故选C项。 7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：后来，在我的研究论文中出现了一个重大错误之后，一位同事走过来建议说：“你需要提高你的工作方法，但更重要的是，你需要放慢速度。”A. slow down放慢，慢下来；B. hang on坚持，不挂断；C. cheer up使高兴，使振作；D. fight back反击。根据上文“I was burned out”可知，作者之前过于忙碌导致精力耗尽，所以同事建议他“慢下来（slow down）”。故选A项。 8．考查形容词义辨析。句意：我买了一部单独的工作手机，晚上不用碰它。A. untouched不被使用的，不碰的；B. uncharged未充电的；C. unpaid未支付的；D. unlocked未上锁的。根据句意以及“I purchased a separate work phone, which I would leave...in the evenings.”可知，作者买了一部单独的工作手机，晚上让它“不被使用（untouched）”，即不处理工作事务。故选A项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我也开始对我的工作时间设定清晰的界限，对我承担的项目变得更有选择性。A. guidelines指导方针；B. deadlines截止日期；C. goals目标；D. boundaries界限。根据上文提到作者晚上不使用工作手机，以及下文“around my work hours”，可知作者开始在工作时间周围设定明确的“界限（boundaries）”。故选D项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我也开始对我的工作时间设定清晰的界限，对我承担的项目变得更有选择性。A. selective有选择性的；B. curious好奇的；C. confident自信的；D. anxious焦虑的。根据上文提到设定工作界限，以及下文“about the projects I took on”可知，作者对自己承担的项目变得更“有选择性（selective）”。故选A项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：起初，我觉得我正在做的事情可能会影响我的职业生涯。A. launch发射，发起；B. improve提高；C. affect影响；D. lengthen延长。根据下文“reflect on my work”可知，作者一开始觉得自己做的这些改变（设定界限、有选择性等）可能会 “影响（affect）”自己的职业生涯。故选C项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当我花了更多的时间来呼吸和反思我的工作时，我的优先事项变得更加清晰。A. research研究；B. experiment实验；C. breathe呼吸；D. battle战斗。根据“my priorities became clearer as I took more time to...and reflect on my work”可知，作者花更多时间“放松（breathe）”并反思自己的工作，这里“breathe”表示放松、调整状态。故选C项。 13．考查固定短语辨析。句意：例如，我意识到我真的很喜欢写论文，并投入了更多的时间和精力。A. For instance例如；B. In addition此外；C. By contrast相比之下；D. As always一如既往。根据下文“I realized I really liked writing the thesis and put more time and effort into them.”可知，这是对前面“my priorities became clearer”的举例说明。故选A项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，这个改变让我更有效率了。A. belief信念；B. training训练；C. purchase购买；D. change改变。根据上文作者做出的一系列改变（设定界限、有选择性等），可知这种“改变（change）”让作者更高效。故选D项。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：为自己创造空间并不意味着落后；这是一种专注于对你真正重要的事情的方法。A. showing off炫耀；B. breaking down出故障，崩溃；C. fading away逐渐消失；D. falling behind落后。根据下文“it’s a way to focus on what truly matters to you.”可知，给自己留出空间不是“落后（falling behind）”的标志，而是专注于真正重要事情的一种方式。故选D项。 $