Unit8单词讲解表 2025-2026学年冀教版英语八年级下册

2026-02-04
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冀教英语八下Unit8单词讲解表 单词 核心搭配 重点考点 经典例句 disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ n. 灾难;灾害 natural disaster 自然灾害;disaster relief 救灾 1. 场景关联:常用于“自然/社会”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“natural disaster”是高频短语 1. Earthquakes and typhoons are common natural disasters.(地震和台风是常见的自然灾害。) 2. The government organized disaster relief after the flood.(洪水后政府组织了救灾行动。) earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ n. 地震 strong earthquake 强震;earthquake safety 地震安全 1. 场景关联:常用于“自然/安全”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“strong earthquake”表地震强度 1. A strong earthquake hit the area last night.(昨晚该地区遭遇了强震。) 2. We learned about earthquake safety in class.(我们在课上学了地震安全知识。) typhoon /taɪˈfuːn/ n. 台风 typhoon warning 台风预警;hit by a typhoon 遭遇台风 1. 场景关联:常用于“自然/天气”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“typhoon warning”是气象类短语 1. The city issued a typhoon warning yesterday.(这座城市昨天发布了台风预警。) 2. Their village was hit by a typhoon last month.(他们村上个月遭遇了台风。) wildfire /ˈwaɪldfaɪə(r)/ n. 野火 put out a wildfire 扑灭野火;wildfire spread 野火蔓延 1. 场景关联:常用于“自然/消防”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“put out”表“扑灭”动作 1. Firefighters worked hard to put out the wildfire.(消防员努力扑灭了野火。) 2. Dry weather speeds up wildfire spread.(干燥天气加速了野火蔓延。) powerful /ˈpaʊəfl/ adj. 力量大的 powerful storm 强风暴;powerful engine 强劲的引擎 1. 场景关联:常用于“自然/科技”话题; 2. 搭配提示:修饰自然现象或机械 1. A powerful storm destroyed many houses.(强风暴摧毁了很多房屋。) 2. The car has a powerful engine that runs fast.(这辆车有强劲的引擎,跑得很快。) object /ˈɒbdʒɪkt/ n. 物体;目标;宾语 /əbˈdʒekt/ v. 反对 solid object 固体物体;object to sth. 反对某事 1. 一词多义:注意名词和动词的读音/含义不同; 2. 常考搭配:“object to”表“反对” 1. The box is a solid object that can't be bent.(这个盒子是固体物体,不能弯折。) 2. Many people object to the new plan.(很多人反对这个新计划。) indoors /ˌɪnˈdɔːz/ adv. 在室内 stay indoors 待在室内;play indoors 在室内玩耍 1. 场景关联:常用于“生活/天气”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“stay indoors”是天气恶劣时的常用表达 1. We had to stay indoors because of the heavy rain.(因为大雨,我们不得不待在室内。) 2. Kids like to play indoors when it's cold.(天冷时孩子们喜欢在室内玩耍。) shut /ʃʌt/ v. 关闭;(使)关门 adj. 关闭;停业 shut the door 关门;shop shut 商店停业 1. 动词变形:过去式/过去分词同形(shut); 2. 场景关联:常用于“生活/场所”话题 1. Please shut the door when you leave.(离开时请关门。) 2. The sign says “shop shut” today.(标识显示今天商店停业。) lightning /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/ n. 闪电 lightning strike 雷击;avoid lightning 躲避闪电 1. 场景关联:常用于“自然/安全”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“lightning strike”表“雷击” 1. A lightning strike hit the tree and set it on fire.(雷击击中了树,把它点燃了。) 2. We should avoid open areas during lightning.(闪电时我们应该避开开阔区域。) authority /ɔːˈθɒrəti/ n. 官方;权力 local authority 地方官方;have authority 拥有权力 1. 场景关联:常用于“社会/管理”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“local authority”表“地方当局” 1. The local authority announced the new policy.(地方官方宣布了新政策。) 2. The manager has the authority to make decisions.(经理有做决定的权力。) advise /ədˈvaɪz/ v. 建议;劝告 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事;follow advice 听从建议 1. 常考句型:“advise sb. to do”是建议类核心表达; 2. 词性拓展:名词形式为“advice(不可数)” 1. The doctor advised him to rest more.(医生建议他多休息。) 2. You should follow your teacher's advice.(你应该听从老师的建议。) throat /θrəʊt/ n. 喉咙;咽喉 sore throat 喉咙痛;clear one's throat 清嗓子 1. 场景关联:常用于“健康/生活”话题; 2. 常考搭配:“sore throat”是常见病症 1. He has a sore throat and can't speak loudly.(他喉咙痛,不能大声说话。) 2. She cleared her throat before starting to speak.(她开始说话前清了清嗓子。) lung /lʌŋ/ n. 肺 lung disease 肺病;healthy lungs 健康的肺 1. 场景关联:常用于“健康/医学”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“lung disease”表“肺部疾病” 1. Smoking can cause serious lung disease.(吸烟会导致严重的肺病。) 2. Exercise helps keep our lungs healthy.(锻炼有助于保持肺的健康。) occur /əˈkɜː(r)/ v. 发生;出现 occur to sb. 某人想到;occur suddenly 突然发生 1. 常考搭配:“occur to sb.”表“某人突然想到”; 2. 动词变形:过去式为“occurred” 1. An idea occurred to me when I was walking.(我走路时突然想到一个主意。) 2. The accident occurred suddenly on the road.(事故在路上突然发生了。) anytime /ˈeniˌtaɪm/ adv. 在任何时候 call me anytime 随时给我打电话;available anytime 随时有空 1. 场景关联:常用于“生活/沟通”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“anytime”是口语高频词 1. You can call me anytime if you need help.(需要帮助的话随时给我打电话。) 2. I'm available anytime this weekend.(这周末我随时有空。) rapidly /ˈræpɪdli/ adv. 迅速地 grow rapidly 快速增长;change rapidly 迅速变化 1. 用法提示:修饰动词表“速度快”; 2. 场景关联:常用于“发展/变化”话题 1. The city's population has grown rapidly in recent years.(这座城市的人口近年快速增长。) 2. Technology is changing rapidly these days.(如今科技在迅速变化。) survival /səˈvaɪvl/ n. 生存;幸存 survival skills 生存技能;fight for survival 为生存而战 1. 场景关联:常用于“自然/危机”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“survival skills”是生存类短语 1. We learned basic survival skills in the camp.(我们在营地学了基本生存技能。) 2. Animals fight for survival in the wild.(动物在野外为生存而战。) secondary /ˈsekəndri/ adj. 次生的 secondary disaster 次生灾害;secondary school 中学 1. 一词多义:八下重点是“次生的”; 2. 搭配提示:“secondary disaster”表“次生灾害” 1. The flood caused secondary disasters like landslides.(洪水引发了滑坡等次生灾害。) 2. She studies in a secondary school in Beijing.(她在北京的一所中学读书。) landslide /ˈlændslaɪd/ n. 滑坡,崩塌 mud landslide 泥石流;landslide risk 滑坡风险 1. 场景关联:常用于“自然/灾害”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“mud landslide”是常见灾害类型 1. Heavy rain led to a mud landslide in the mountain area.(大雨导致山区发生了泥石流。) 2. The area has a high landslide risk in rainy seasons.(该地区雨季滑坡风险高。) destruction /dɪˈstrʌkʃn/ n. 破坏;毁灭 environmental destruction 环境破坏;cause destruction 造成破坏 1. 场景关联:常用于“环境/灾害”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“environmental destruction”是环保类短语 1. Human activities have caused serious environmental destruction.(人类活动造成了严重的环境破坏。) 2. The war brought destruction to the city.(战争给这座城市带来了毁灭。) tsunami /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ n. 海啸 tsunami wave 海啸波;tsunami warning 海啸预警 1. 场景关联:常用于“自然/灾害”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“tsunami warning”是气象类短语 1. A huge tsunami wave hit the coastal area.(巨大的海啸波袭击了沿海地区。) 2. People received the tsunami warning and moved to safety.(人们收到海啸预警,转移到了安全地带。) coastal /ˈkəʊstl/ adj. 沿海的 coastal city 沿海城市;coastal area 沿海地区 1. 场景关联:常用于“地理/生活”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“coastal city”表“沿海城市” 1. Qingdao is a beautiful coastal city in China.(青岛是中国一座美丽的沿海城市。) 2. Many people live in the coastal area near the sea.(很多人住在靠近海边的沿海地区。) destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ v. 破坏;消灭 destroy buildings 摧毁建筑;destroy crops 毁坏庄稼 1. 场景关联:常用于“灾害/战争”话题; 2. 搭配提示:后接具体事物表破坏对象 1. The earthquake destroyed many buildings in the town.(地震摧毁了镇上的很多建筑。) 2. The typhoon destroyed the farmers' crops.(台风毁坏了农民的庄稼。) nuclear /ˈnjuːkliə(r)/ adj. 原子核的 nuclear power 核能;nuclear explosion 核爆炸 1. 场景关联:常用于“科技/灾害”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“nuclear power”是能源类短语 1. Some countries use nuclear power to generate electricity.(一些国家用核能发电。) 2. A nuclear explosion can cause great damage.(核爆炸会造成巨大破坏。) explosion /ɪkˈspləʊʒn/ n. 爆炸 gas explosion 燃气爆炸;explosion sound 爆炸声 1. 场景关联:常用于“灾害/安全”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“gas explosion”是安全类短语 1. A gas explosion happened in the restaurant last night.(昨晚餐厅发生了燃气爆炸。) 2. We heard a loud explosion sound from the factory.(我们听到工厂传来巨大的爆炸声。) radioactivity /ˌreɪdiəʊækˈtɪvəti/ n. 辐射能 nuclear radioactivity 核辐射能;radioactivity pollution 辐射污染 1. 场景关联:常用于“科技/环境”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“radioactivity pollution”是污染类短语 1. Nuclear radioactivity is dangerous to human health.(核辐射能对人体健康有害。) 2. The accident caused serious radioactivity pollution.(这起事故造成了严重的辐射污染。) Japanese /ˌdʒæpəˈniːz/ adj. 日本(人)的 n. 日本人;日语 Japanese culture 日本文化;speak Japanese 说日语 1. 场景关联:常用于“文化/语言”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“Japanese culture”是文化类短语 1. We learned about Japanese culture in the class.(我们在课上学了日本文化。) 2. She can speak Japanese fluently.(她能流利地说日语。) release /rɪˈliːs/ v. 释放;松开 release energy 释放能量;release a prisoner 释放囚犯 1. 一词多义:表“释放能量”或“释放人员”; 2. 场景关联:常用于“科技/法律”话题 1. Burning coal releases a lot of energy.(烧煤会释放大量能量。) 2. The court decided to release the prisoner.(法庭决定释放这名囚犯。) radioactive /ˌreɪdiəʊˈæktɪv/ adj. 有辐射的 radioactive waste 放射性废物;radioactive material 放射性物质 1. 场景关联:常用于“环境/安全”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“radioactive waste”是环保类短语 1. We need to deal with radioactive waste carefully.(我们需要谨慎处理放射性废物。) 2. The lab stores radioactive materials in safe containers.(实验室把放射性物质存放在安全容器里。) highlight /ˈhaɪlaɪt/ v. 突出;强调 n. 最精彩的部分 highlight the key points 突出重点;the highlight of the show 演出的亮点 1. 一词多义:作动词表“强调”,作名词表“亮点”; 2. 场景关联:常用于“学习/娱乐”话题 1. The teacher asked us to highlight the key points in the text.(老师让我们突出课文里的重点。) 2. The singer's performance was the highlight of the show.(歌手的表演是演出的亮点。) chain /tʃeɪn/ n. 一连串(人或事);链子 chain reaction 连锁反应;a chain of events 一连串事件 1. 常考搭配:“chain reaction”是物理/社会类短语; 2. 场景关联:常用于“反应/事件”话题 1. A nuclear explosion can cause a dangerous chain reaction.(核爆炸会引发危险的连锁反应。) 2. A chain of events led to the final result.(一连串事件导致了最终结果。) damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ v. & n. 损害;毁坏 cause damage 造成损害;property damage 财产损失 1. 场景关联:常用于“灾害/事故”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“property damage”是损失类短语 1. The storm damaged many houses in the village.(暴风雨损害了村里的很多房屋。) 2. The accident caused a lot of property damage.(这起事故造成了大量财产损失。) per /pɜː(r)/ prep. 每;每一 per hour 每小时;per person 每人 1. 场景关联:常用于“计量/统计”话题; 2. 搭配提示:后接单位表“每……” 1. The car runs at 60 kilometers per hour.(这辆车以每小时60公里的速度行驶。) 2. The ticket costs 50 yuan per person.(票价是每人50元。) grassland /ˈɡrɑːslænd/ n. 草原;草地 vast grassland 广阔的草原;grassland ecosystem 草原生态系统 1. 场景关联:常用于“地理/环境”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“vast grassland”表“广阔草原” 1. We saw many sheep on the vast grassland.(我们在广阔的草原上看到了很多羊。) 2. The grassland ecosystem is important for the environment.(草原生态系统对环境很重要。) badly /ˈbædli/ adv. 严重地;非常 hurt badly 伤得严重;need help badly 急需帮助 1. 用法提示:修饰动词表“程度深”; 2. 场景关联:常用于“状态/需求”话题 1. He fell off the bike and hurt his leg badly.(他从自行车上摔下来,腿伤得很严重。) 2. The poor family needs help badly.(这个贫困家庭急需帮助。) amount /əˈmaʊnt/ n. 数量;数额 large amount of 大量的;amount of money 金额 1. 用法提示:“a large amount of”后接不可数名词; 2. 场景关联:常用于“数量/金融”话题 1. There is a large amount of water in the lake.(湖里有大量的水。) 2. We need to pay a small amount of money for the service.(我们需要为这项服务支付少量费用。) overflow /ˌəʊvəˈfləʊ/ v. & n. 溢出 overflow with water 溢出水;river overflow 河水泛滥 1. 场景关联:常用于“灾害/生活”话题; 2. 搭配提示:“overflow with”表“充满而溢出” 1. The cup overflowed with hot water.(杯子里的热水溢出来了。) 2. Heavy rain caused the river overflow.(大雨导致河水泛滥。) troop /truːp/ n. 军队;士兵;连队 v. 列队行进 army troops 军队;troop into 列队进入 1. 一词多义:作名词表“军队”,作动词表“列队行进”; 2. 场景关联:常用于“军事/组织”话题 1. Army troops were sent to help with disaster relief.(军队被派去协助救灾。) 2. Students trooped into the classroom for class.(学生们列队走进教室上课。) successfully /səkˈsesfəli/ adv. 成功地 complete successfully 成功完成;pass the exam successfully 成功通过考试 1. 用法提示:修饰动词表“成功做某事”; 2. 场景关联:常用于“成就/任务”话题 1. They completed the project successfully on time.(他们按时成功完成了项目。) 2. She passed the English exam successfully.(她成功通过了英语考试。) real /riːəl/ adj. 真实的;实在的 real story 真实的故事;real friend 真正的朋友 1. 反义提示:反义词是“fake(虚假的)”; 2. 场景关联:常用于“描述/人际”话题 1. The movie is based on a real story.(这部电影基于一个真实的故事。) 2. A real friend will help you when you're in trouble.(真正的朋友会在你困难时帮助你。) gate /ɡeɪt/ n. 水闸;大门;大门口 open the gate 打开大门;water gate 水闸 1. 一词多义:八下重点是“水闸”; 2. 场景关联:常用于“建筑/水利”话题 1. Please open the gate so that the car can come in.(请打开大门,让车开进来。) 2. The workers closed the water gate to control the river flow.(工人关闭水闸来控制河水流量。) aim /eɪm/ v. 力求达到;目的是 n. 目的;目标;瞄准 aim to do sth. 力求做某事;achieve one's aim 实现目标 1. 常考搭配:“aim to do”是目标类核心表达; 2. 场景关联:常用于“目标/行动”话题 1. We aim to finish the work by the end of this week.(我们力求在本周末前完成工作。) 2. He worked hard to achieve his aim of becoming a doctor.(他努力工作以实现成为医生的目标。) ( 1 ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit8单词讲解表 2025-2026学年冀教版英语八年级下册
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Unit8单词讲解表 2025-2026学年冀教版英语八年级下册
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Unit8单词讲解表 2025-2026学年冀教版英语八年级下册
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