Unit 1练习和语法学习-2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

八年级下册Unit 1 Career Talk Part 1-词汇锻炼 1、 单句选词填空，从每方框中选择适当的单词或短语的正确形式填空，其中有两个为多余选项 A（P4-5） sweat spiderman wet newborn watermelon brush remind drop 1． The rain stopped, but a few ___________fell from the tree. 2． My shoes are ___________because I walked in the rain this morning. 3． Dreams are not achieved by magic. They take ________ and hard work. 4． This photo ___________me of my first day at school. 5． The number of ________ babies is becoming smaller and smaller these years. 6． There is a small ___________on the desk. It is for cleaning shoes. B（P4-5课文短语） be filled with; in my memory; wet all over; smile at; remind of; bit by bit; try to; hold up; be part of; a sense of achievement; say goodbye to; because of 7． Though the job is pretty hard for me, it gives me _____________________. 8． When reading the novel All the Man Are Brothers, I____________the importance of friendship. 9． I _____________ agree his argument, but it was so difficult for me to do so. 10． The boy was tired but he climbed the hill_____________. 11． The school decided not to hold the outdoor concert _________________ heavy rain. 12． He was made to stand and ______________ the sky on his head and hands. 13． As the saying goes, it’s never too late to learn. It means learning ______________ our daily life. 14． I was __________________ because I forgot my umbrella in the rain. 15． May your Spring Festival__________________ happiness and cheer! 16． It's so fresh _________________ that we played happily together when we went to primary school. C（P6-10） speech challenging context company interview communication skill require organise throughout benefit leadership training career 17． Before the football match, full __________ was well-organized for the team. 18． Though everyone has the freedom of _________, I think it’s not proper to say something to hurt someone. 19． Rain water was once believed to ___________the skin's complexion（肤色）. 20． He started his____________as a “spiderman”. 21． Smith feels proud of his ____________to organise his everyday tasks. 22． His decision can only be understood in ____________. 23． Dogs ___________a fresh supply of water daily to stay healthy. 24． The company doubts that our team isn’t skill at______________ with customers. 25． He has an ______________next week for the manager's job. 26． I'll invite people if you can _______________food and drinks. 27． As we have tried to show ___________this book, companies that provide excellent service don't do it by luck. 28． It took me forever to finish the ______________ job. D（P13） cashier necessary replace human pilot tourism surely provide low beyond virtual fashionable market 29． There is always an argument whether（是否）human will be _________by AI. 30． Can __________ class replace class in real classroom in the future? 31． The wounded hurt badly. He knew that if help did not arrive soon they would __________die. 32． Communication with other people is a basic ____________ need. 33． Now people are fond of visiting local __________ when they travel. 34． He spent seventeen years working as an airline __________. 35． The central heating（集中供暖）was _________ on October 20th , 2025 in Harbin. 36． The dressing style of people in Dongshankou is too_____________. So others call it “wind-damp（风湿）”. 37． Our success was far ___________what we thought possible. 38． Books were as _____________to her life as water. 39． The first year after Covid-19（新冠疫情）, __________ developed quickly. E（P13课文短语） on the way at an even faster speed spring up in the near future be replaced by on one’s own at a lower cost go up in smoke sign up stay the same 40． Our plan for the picnic __________________ because it rained heavily all day. 41． I don’t know if the price of plan ticket will ______________ in Spring Festival. 42． I met an old friend______________ to work this morning. 43． If they want to solve the problem ________________, they need to think carefully. 44． The old library will ______________a new one because it is too small for our school. 45． The train is moving______________________ because it needs to arrive on time. 46． I want to ____________ for the summer camp because it sounds very interesting. 47． As more people come to live here, new shops________________along the street. 2、 单词拼写 F 1. My father works for a big IT ______（公司） in Shenzhen. 2. Good c_______ between team members is the key to success in any project. 3. Please pass me the ______（刷子）. I need to clean my shoes. 4. A ______（新生的） baby needs very careful attention from its parents. 5. Climbing that high mountain alone is a very c_______ task, but I want to try it. 6. She gave a wonderful ______（演讲） at the school meeting, and everyone clapped for her. 7. After running for half an hour in the hot sun, his T-shirt was completely wet with s______. 8. This photo ______（使想起） me of my happy childhood in the countryside. 9. He was so nervous during his first job i________ that he could hardly speak. 10. After the heavy rain, a ______（（液体的）滴） of water fell from the leaf. G 11. “We need more t______​ before the competition,” the coach said. 12. Good ______ (技能)​ are required​ for this job, so we need to practise. 13. A friendly ______ (个性)​ makes it easier for people to like you. 14. His l______​ helped our team succeed because he always knew what to do. 15. Being a ______ (出纳员)​ in a supermarket requires​ patience and carefulness. 16. It is n______​ for you to drink enough water when you do sports. 17. The new learning ______ (计划)​ will run throughout the whole term. 18. We need to o____​ the classroom after school because it's our duty this week. 19. Choosing the right ______ (职业)​ is important because it can affect your whole life. 20. It is ______ (必要的)​ to practise every day if you want to speak English well. H 21. We can use robots to r______​ people in doing dangerous work, so that humans can stay safe. 22. With the development of v______​ reality technology, we can visit museums at home as if we were really there. 23. The new shopping mall is very f______, so​ many young people like to go there. 24. The plane can fly on a______​ during most of the journey, but the pilot still needs to monitor it. 25. ______ (提供)​ enough clean water for everyone is a big challenge for many cities. 26. My dream is to become a ______ (飞行员)​ and travel around the world when I grow up. 27. The temperature was very ______ (低的)​ last night, so I put on an extra blanket. 28. We must face ______ (现实)​ and work hard, even though our dream seems far away. 29. — Do you think AI will be smarter than us one day? — S______, it's possible, but we cannot be sure now. 30. The beautiful island has developed its ______ (旅游业)​ very well, which brings many jobs to local people. 三、完形填空。 When I was in middle school, I didn’t know what to be when I grew up. I was 16 ________ about my future like many other students. My mother, a teacher, advised me to 17 ________ her. However, teaching didn’t seem very exciting to me. My father 18 ________ that I could become a pianist because he believed it would be a great career. But I didn’t find any 19 ________ in it at all. I couldn’t stand spending hours sitting in front of a piano. Things 20 _____ when I went to high school. One day, I saw a notice about a part-time job at the school radio station. I decided to give it a 21 ________, and it turned out to be one of the best choices I ever made. The job 22 _____ chances to talk about interesting topics on the radio. It was so much fun to work as a presenter! I made lots of 23 ________ while doing this job so I felt more and more confident. I kept working at the radio station for the next six years.24 ________, I got a full-time job at our local radio station after I left university. This was the beginning of my career. Now, I feel very proud of my 25 ________. Being a radio presenter allows me to connect with people, share ideas, and do what I truly love. ( )16. A. uncertain B. happy C. serious D. hopeful ( )17. A. lead B. follow C. treat D. question ( )18. A. disliked B. expected C. regretted D. forgot ( )19. A. difficulty B. pain C. service D. pleasure ( )20. A. disappeared B. finished C. changed D. fell ( )21. A. try B. break C. lift D. joke ( )22. A. hid B. missed C. provided D. welcomed ( )23. A. progress B. trouble C. noise D. peace ( )24. A. Suddenly B. Personally C. Sadly D. Luckily ( )25. A. course B. family C. article D. job Part 2-语法过关-被动语态 一、概念：语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的执行者时为主动语态，宾语是动作的承受者时为被动语态。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态。汉语往往用 “被、受、给” 等词来表示被动意义。 必记！！！ 二、被动语态的构成： 被动语态由 “______+___________” 构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化来表现出来的，过去分词部分不变。疑问句和否定句的变化也如此。 一般现在时:________ +___________ 现在进行时：______+_______+_______ 如：He is cleaning the room. →The room is being cleaned by him. 过去进行时：______+_______+_______ 如：He was cleaning the room. →The room was being cleaned by him. 如：He cleans the room. →The room is cleaned by him. 一般过去时____________ +___________ 如：He cleaned the room. →The room was cleaned by him. 一般将来时 __________+ ______ +___________ 如：He will clean the room. →The room will be cleaned by him. 现在完成时 __________+ ______ +___________ 如：He has cleaned the room. → The room has been cleaned by him, 三、被动语态的宾语省略情况 (1) 当不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没必要指出动作的执行者是谁时: The book is written for children. 这本书是写给孩子看的。 (2) 强调或突出动作的承受者时，而不强调动作的执行者时: The window was broken yesterday. 昨天，这个窗户被砸破了。 四、主动语态变被动语态的注意事项： 1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致，主格变宾格。   We have bought a new computer.  我们买了一部新电脑。   →A new computer ______________ bought by us.（中文一般不变） 2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语（人）为主语时比较多。   My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. →_________________ a present on my birthday by my uncle.  如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：   →____________________ to ________ on my birthday by my uncle. ▲注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如： bring, give, lend, offer, pass, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。          一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for, 如： build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, find, get, keep, make, order, play, sing 等。   例：Mother made me a new skirt. 妈妈为我做了一条裙子。 →_____________________________________.  五、被动语态在运用过程中的几个注意事项 1. 系动词、不及物动词及部分动词短语，如happen，take place，break down，spread（传播），等一般没有被动语态，如： My car broke down on my way to school. 在去学校的路上，我的车坏掉了。 2. 在主动句中表示某些状态的动词一般没有被动语态：have, own, belong, hold, lack, become等。 3. 有些及物动词表示主语 (多为物) 的某种性质而非人为的原因时，作不及物动词，没有被动形式，如sell，write，ride，draw等，且这些动词后多有well/badly，如： 这种书卖得很好。The books sell well. 对比：After graduation, the books of students’ were sold. 毕业之后，学生的书都卖了。 4. 在主动句中，谓语动词的宾语是反身代词或相互代词（each other）、地点或住所时，一般不用被动语态。 如：She may hurt herself./ We tell each other everything. / Some children leave school at 16. 5. 动词短语变为被动语态时，不能去掉短语中的介词或副词，如look after，take care of等，如: We will take good care of the children. →______________________________. 6. 部分动词，如make, let, see, watch, hear, notice等后常接不带to的动词不定式，但变为被动语态时要加to，如： He makes the girl stay at home. → The girl is made to stay at home. 这个女孩被（命令）要待在家里。 7. need to do的被动形式是need to be done=need doing. 如：I need to wash my shoes. →My shoes ___________________________. =My shoes__________________________. 常用的被动语态词组 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 be used to do sth. /be used for doing sth.被用来做事 be used as sth.被用作…… be used by sb.被某人使用 be made of/ from sth.由……构成 (可看出原料/不可看出原料) be covered with/by被 ……覆盖 be filled with被……装满(≈be full of ) be sold out卖完，卖光 be seen/heard to do被看见/听到做…… be made to do被迫做某事 It’s said/reported/believed that据说/据报道/人们信… 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【即学即练】 一、单项选择 ( ) 1.The pen ______ well. It _____ well，too. A. is written；sells B. is written；is sold C. writes；sells D. writes；is sold ( ) 2. Great changes _______ in China since 1980. A. have been taken place B. have taken place C. took place D. were taken place ( ) 3. Your homework must on time. A. hand in B.be handed in C.be handed D.be hand in ( ) 4. Some tomatoes are cooked me. A.for B.of C.to D. with ( ) 5. He the maths teachers’ office just now. A.was seen enter B.was seen to enter C.will be seen D.is seen to enter ( ) 6. I was made some shopping by my mother. A.did B.to do C.doing D.do ( ) 7. The students were asked the passage by the teacher. A.read B.reading C.to read D.reads ( ) 8. A story _____ by my grandma yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( ) 9. The flowers need . A. watered B. be watered C. watering D. water ( ) 10. The boy is noticed football. A. played B. for play C. playing D.to play ( ) 11. It’s reported that Jiangsu Grand Theatre in September next year. A. completes B. is completed C. will complete D. will be completed ( ) 12. —I want to borrow the book, but I don’t know how long it will_______. —For two weeks. A. borrow B. be borrowed C. keep D. be kept ( ) 13. Students do less homework now. Usually it ________ before 9 o’clock in the evening. A. finishes B. finished C. is finished D. was finished ( ) 14. Paper first about 2000 years ago in China. A. is; creating B. is; created C. has; created D. was; created ( ) 15. — Will you stay here a little longer, Ms. Smith? — Sure. I’ll stay longer if I ________ to the Christmas party next month. A. will be invited B. am invited C. invite D. am inviting 二、语法选择 A Day in My Career Exploration Week My school’s Career Exploration Week began with a surprise. Mr. Chen handed me (1)_______ useful guidebook about different jobs. My excitement was short-lived, as our planned visit to a tech company (2)_______unexpectedly. Disappointed, I noticed some classmates (3) _______ their future careers in small groups. To make up for it, the school invited Ms. Zhang, a graphic designer, to speak. She stressed that it is necessary (4)_______basic skills first. Her talk made me think: I’m interested in digital art, but I should also explore (5)_______field—environmental science. During the Q&A, I found a notebook. I thought it was mine, but the notes were about design. "This is not my notebook. (6)_______is in my bag," I said. It was Ms. Zhang’s! I returned it to her. After the talk, I met Alex and Ben. They were working at (7)_______shared desk and invited me to join them (8)_______Saturday afternoon. (9)_______the trip was cancelled, the day was valuable. Ms. Zhang told a very interesting story, and we all listened (10)_______. Her journey taught us that success comes from hard work and adaptability. This unexpected day gave me a real taste of career exploration. 1. A. a B. an C. the 2. A. cancels B. is cancelled C. was cancelled 3. A. discussed B. have discussed C. were discussing 4. A. to learn B. learning C. learn 5. A. other B. the other C. another 6. A. My B. Mine C. I 7. A. Alex and Ben B. Alex's and Ben's C. Alex and Ben's 8. A. in B. on C. at 9. A. Because B. Although C. If 10. A. careful B. carefully C. care · Part 3-综合训练 1、 阅读理解 A ( )11. For which job do you never need to wear your own clothes? A. Job A. B. Job B. C. Job C. D. Job D. ( )12. What can you work as, if your pay depends on how successful you are at the job? A. A support worker. B. A model. C. A website writer. D. A trainee hairdresser. ( )13. Which of the following can apply for a modeling position? A. Daniel (boy) Age: 15　 Height: 180 B. Amy (girl) Age: 16　　 Height: 170 C. Neil (boy) Age: 14　　 Height: 183 D. Kitty (girl) Age: 17　　Height: 175 ( )14. Sarah enjoys helping people and she wants to make a difference to other people’s life. What email site can she send her application (申请) to? A. Careers@ golden-care.com. B. Cathy@ cut-above.brighton.com. C. Info@ wowee.com. D. Info@ top-model-agency.uk. ( )15. What is the genre (类型) of the text? A. A letter. B. An advertisement. C. A report. D. A speech. B It is a common question to ask your self: What do you want to be when you grow up? In the past, it was generally accepted that one person would follow one career. But a new group has changed this idea. Known as “slashers (斜杠青年)”, they like taking up jobs across several fields. There are many reasons why this has become popular, especially among those under the age of 30. In modern competitive society, having multiple income streams (多种收入来源) is one of the best ways to create financial security(金融安全). Zhao Sichen is one follower of the slasher movement. The 34-year-old woman is an English teacher at Tsinghua University High School. Outside the classroom, Zhao works as a project manager at NetEase. And she also works with outdoor sports brands. “I always wanted to be an educator and now education is the center of my career,” she says. “But I also have an interest in fitness and management.” ★ , becoming a “slasher” cuts down boredom in one single job. Erin Albert is a typical “slasher” in the UK. Apart from writing books, Erin is an assistant professor, a businesswoman, and a law student. She often asks her students, “Why can’t we take a job offer we’re not sure about and work toward our ‘dream’ job together?” Online tools and platforms have allowed people to make this choice by letting them work on the Internet. It is much easier for those who have an interest in different jobs to achieve them at the same time. ( )16. According to Paragraph 2, “slashers” ________. A. follow just one career B. change jobs very often C. are mostly 30 years old D. probably do several jobs ( )17. Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A. Instead of having different ideas B. Besides providing a sense of financial security C. To get people to go for their dreams D. To make people feel less bored in a single job ( )18. Two examples are given to make readers ______. A. understand the reasons to be a “slasher” B. follow them to be a “slasher” C. know more about the young men D. learn about their different interests ( )19. The last paragraph is mainly about ________. A. one can find out his real interest by doing different jobs B. it is easy for people to do several jobs at the same time C. it’s the Internet that makes more people be “slashers” D. it’s common for people to take up their favorite jobs ( )20. What’s the best title of the passage? A. One Person, Two Careers B. “Slashing” Through Jobs C. For a Sense of Security D. Finding Your Dream Jobs C 五、阅读还原(有一项多余) When I was a kid, people often asked, “What do you want to be when you grow up?” I really didn’t like it. 26. ________ Adults seemed unhappy when I didn’t dream of being something great like a scientist or an astronaut. In college, I realized I didn’t want just one job. I wanted to do many things. 27. ________ I think asking kids such a question is bad.First, asking this question makes kids define (下定义) themselves by work. People don’t think “a father” or “a person of kindness” is a right answer. Parents and kids have different ideas. 28. ________ Second, asking this question means that there’s a special job for everyone. 29. ________ And many career dreams may not be practical. As Chris Rock said, “Not all kids can be anything they want. Some need to learn practical skills.” 30. ________ Looking for the dream job can make college seniors worried and unhappy. So having low expectations (期望) can be better. I think we should encourage kids to have big dreams, but not just about jobs. Let them think about what kind of person they want to be and the different things they might want to do. After all, making dreams come true is more meaningful than just having a job. A. Parents say caring for others is important, but kids often think success is the top value. B. I never had a good answer. C. But looking for it can make students feel difficult. D. Third, careers usually don’t meet childhood dreams. E. I experienced different careers after graduation. F. I don’t think having a job is difficult. 2、 短文填空 A forever communication benefit require reality my although of challenge encourage succeed job Last week, I had a wonderful chance to be a junior teacher assistant in a primary school. My main 1.___________ was to help the class teacher, Ms. Li, with daily activities. The job was quite 2.___________, as I had to manage a group of lively six-year-old children who were full of energy. Every morning, Ms. Li asked me to remind the students 3.___________bringing their homework and put it in the homework box. I quickly learned that good 4.___________ with both the teacher and the students was the key to a smooth day. This hands-on experience helped me realize that such work can greatly 5.___________ my patience and organizational skills. Through this experience, I also saw that teaching 6.___________ a lot of energy, love, and responsibility. 7.___________it was tiring, I found it very meaningful. It was a valuable experience for my future career. I will remember this special day 8.___________. Ms. Li’s kind words always 9.___________ me to be a better helper. I believe this practical experience will help 10.________ in many ways of my life. B with interview skill our replace require achieve instead organise but talk career In our modern world, technology is changing the way we work. Many people worry that robots will 1.___________ human workers in some jobs. For example, in factories, machines can now do the work that people used to do. _________, experts say that technology will also provide many new job opportunities. For young people today, it is necessary to learn digital 3.___________. Understanding computers and AI is becoming as important as reading and writing. This is the reality that 4.___________must face. Although technology is powerful, it cannot compare to the creativity and emotions of humans. Therefore, jobs that 5.___________these skills will be important in the future. Our school invited a tech expert to give a 6._________last week. He said that we should not be afraid of change. Instead, we should prepare for it. The school also plans to 7.___________more technology courses next term. This will help us get ready for the future job market. I believe 8.___________the right skills, we can have a bright future. It is a hard time, 9.___________we must also be hopeful about the challenges. Let's work hard to 10.___________our dreams. 3、 书面表达 学校计划邀请同学们参加“Take over(接管)Challenge”活动, 即用一天的时间体验某种工作, 例如画家、工程师等。请以“The Job I Want to Take over for a Day”为题, 写一篇英语短文,包含以下内容。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 答案 Part A 1、 A：1. drops 2. wet 3. sweat 4. reminds 5. reborn 6. brush B：7. a sense of achievement 8. remind of 9. tried to 10. bit by bit 11 because of 12. held up 13. is part of 14. wet all over 15 be filled with 16. in my memory C：17. training 18. speech 19. benefit 20. career 21. skill(s) 22. context 23 require 24. communication 25. interview 26. organise 27. throughout 28. challenging D：29. replaced 30. virtual 31 surely 32 human 33. market 34. pilot 35. provided 36. fashionable 37. beyond 38. necessary 39. tourism E：40. went up in the smoke 41. stay the same 42. on the way 43. on their own 44. be replaced by 45. at an even faster speed 46. sign up spring up 2、 单词拼写 F：1. company 2. communication 3. brush 4. newborn 5. challenging 6. speech 7. sweat 8. reminds 9. interview 10. drop G：11. training 12. skills 13. personality 14. leadership 15. cashier 16. necessary 17. programme 18. organise 19. career 20. necessary H：21.replace 22. virtual 23. fashionable 24. autopilot 25. Providing 26. pilot 27. low 28. reality 29. surely 30. tourism 3、 完形填空 16-20 ABBDC 21-25 ACADD Part 2 二、be done（过去分词）; 一般现在时：am/is/are+done； 一般过去时：was/were+done; 一般将来时：will+be+done或者am/is/are going to+be +done 现在完成时：have/has+been+done 现在进行时：am/is/are+being+done 过去进行时：was/were+being+done 四、1. has been 2. I was given 3. A present was given; me 4. A new skirt was made for me by mother. / I was made a new skirt by my mother. 五、5. The children will be taken good care of by us. 7.need to be washed.; need washing 【即学即练】 一、1-5 CBBAB 6-10 BCACD 11-15 DDBDB 二、1-5 ACCAC 6-10 BCBBC Part 3 1、 A：ACDAB B: DBACB C: BEACD 2、 A: 1. job 2. challenging 3. of 4. communication 5. benefit 6. required 7. Although 8. forever 9. encourage 10. me B: 1. replace 2. Instead 3. skills 4.we 5. require 6. us 7. organise 8. with 9 but 10. achieve 三、作文略 $