Unit6语法讲解及习题：宾语从句（what_where_how_why_when引导）2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

外研英语八下Unit6语法讲解及习题 宾语从句（what/where/how/why/when引导） 一、语法讲解 1. 宾语从句的本质与意义 核心逻辑：在复合句中，充当主句宾语的句子称为宾语从句。 本单元重点学习由连接代词（what）和连接副词（where/how/why/when）引导的宾语从句，用于表达“什么/哪里/如何/为什么/何时”等疑问信息，贴合“人与自然和谐共处”主题。 2. 核心用法对比表 引导词 含义与用法 适用场景 例句 what 连接代词，在从句中作主语/宾语/表语，表“什么” 询问事物或内容 1. I don't know what we can do to protect nature. 我不知道我们能做什么来保护自然。 2. They told me what the 24 Solar Terms are.他们告诉我24节气是什么 where 连接副词，在从句中作地点状语，表“哪里” 询问地点 1. She asked where the nature reserve is. 她问自然保护区在哪里。2. We need to find where the river starts.我们需要找到这条河的源头在哪里。 how 连接副词，在从句中作方式状语，表“如何/怎样” 询问方式或程度 1. I didn't know how popular the paintings would become. 我不知道这些画作会变得多受欢迎。 2. He explained how we can live in harmony with nature.他解释了我们如何能与自然和谐共处。 why 连接副词，在从句中作原因状语，表“为什么” 询问原因 1. They help people understand why nature works this way. 它们帮助人们理解自然为何如此运作。2. We want to know why the climate is changing so fast.我们想知道气候为什么变化得这么快。 when 连接副词，在从句中作时间状语，表“何时” 询问时间 1. Can you tell me when the next rain will come? 你能告诉我下一场雨何时来吗？ 2. She wondered when the cherry blossoms would bloom.她想知道樱花何时会开放。 重点提示： 这些引导词在从句中充当成分（主语/状语等），因此不能省略。 宾语从句必须使用陈述语序（主语 + 谓语），不能用疑问语序。 3. 用法场景详细解析 (1) 语序规则 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须用陈述语序。 例： 错误：He asked how can we protect the forest. 正确：He asked how we can protect the forest. 中文：他问我们如何保护森林。 (2) 时态一致 当主句为过去时态时，从句通常使用过去的某种时态（如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时）。 例：She asked where the nature reserve was.（一般过去时） 当从句内容为客观真理时，时态保持一般现在时。 例：He told us why the earth goes around the sun.（一般现在时） 二、习题 Ⅰ. 用 what / where / how / why / when 填空 1. I didn't know ___________ popular the paintings would become. 2. They help people understand ___________ nature works this way. 3. Can you tell me ___________ the 24 Solar Terms are? 4. She asked ___________ the nature reserve is located. 5. We need to find out ___________ we can reduce plastic waste. 6. He wondered ___________ the next heavy rain would come. 7. I want to know ___________ the Maori used different words for the sea. 8. Please explain ___________ we should respect the laws of nature. 9. Do you know ___________ the river starts? 10. He told me ___________ they would plant trees this weekend. 11. I'm not sure ___________ we can do to save the endangered animals. 12. She asked ___________ the cherry blossoms would bloom. Ⅱ. 句型转换 1. How do Chinese people celebrate Rain Water? I am curious about it. → I am curious about ___________ Chinese people celebrate Rain Water. 2. What special food do people eat in Start of Winter? Do you know? → Do you know ___________ special food people eat in Start of Winter? 3. What do you want to do in Major Snow? Have you decided? → Have you decided ___________ you want to do in Major Snow? 4. Which day are we going for Minor Heat tomorrow? I am not sure. → I am not sure ___________ day we are going for Minor Heat tomorrow. 5. When shall we meet in End of Heat? He has told me. → He has told me ___________ we shall meet in End of Heat. 6. Where is the source of the river? We need to find out. → We need to find out ___________ the source of the river is. 7. Why is the climate changing so fast? Scientists are studying. → Scientists are studying ___________ the climate is changing so fast. 8. How can we live in harmony with nature? He explained. → He explained ___________ we can live in harmony with nature. 9. What are the 24 Solar Terms? They told me. → They told me ___________ the 24 Solar Terms are. 10. When will the cherry blossoms bloom? She wondered. → She wondered ___________ the cherry blossoms would bloom. Ⅲ. 单项选择 1. I don't know ___________ we can do to protect the environment. A. what B. where C. how D. why 2. She asked ___________ the nature reserve was located. A. what B. where C. how D. when 3. Can you tell me ___________ the next rain will come? A. what B. where C. how D. when 4. He explained ___________ we can reduce plastic waste. A. what B. where C. how D. why 5. I want to know ___________ the Maori used different words for the sea. A. what B. where C. how D. why 6. Do you know ___________ the river starts? A. what B. where C. how D. when 7. He told me ___________ they would plant trees this weekend. A. what B. where C. how D. when 8. She wondered ___________ the cherry blossoms would bloom. A. what B. where C. how D. when Ⅳ. 情景对话补全 1. A: Can you tell me ___________ we can celebrate the Start of Winter? B: We usually eat dumplings to keep warm. 2. A: I'm not sure ___________ the nature reserve is. B: It's in the west of the city, near the mountains. 3. A: Do you know ___________ the Maori used different words for the sea? B: Because they lived by the sea and needed to describe its changes. 4. A: He asked me ___________ we would go hiking. B: We plan to go this Sunday, after the rain stops. 三、答案与解析 Ⅰ. 填空答案 1. how 2. why 3. what 4. where 5. how 6. when 7. why 8. why 9. where 10. when 11. what 12. when Ⅱ. 句型转换答案 1. how 2. what 3. what 4. which 5. when 6. where 7. why 8. how 9. what 10. when Ⅲ. 单项选择答案与解析 1. A — 询问“做什么”，用 what。 2. B — 询问地点“在哪里”，用 where。 3. D — 询问时间“何时”，用 when。 4. C — 询问方式“如何”，用 how。 5. D — 询问原因“为什么”，用 why。 6. B — 询问地点“在哪里”，用 where。 7. D — 询问时间“何时”，用 when。 8. D — 询问时间“何时”，用 when。 Ⅳ. 情景对话补全答案 1. how 2. where 3. why 4. when ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $