内容正文:
优秀生培养计划
第2讲 Unit 2 Amazing China(新教材译林版)
内容提要
高频词汇
常考短语
重点句型
核心语法
1. prefer /prɪˈfɜː(r)/v. 较喜欢(搭配:更喜欢(做)某事)
核心含义:在两者或多者中更倾向于某事物,强调个人偏好。
常见搭配:prefer sth.(更喜欢某物)、prefer to do sth.(更喜欢做某事)、prefer doing sth. to doing sth.(比起做某事更喜欢做某事)
例句:She prefers to travel by train rather than by plane.(比起坐飞机,她更喜欢坐火车旅行。)
拓展:名词形式为 preference(偏好),常用短语 have a preference for(偏爱……)
练习题:
1. I prefer ______ tea to coffee.
A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drank
2. He prefers ______ at home rather than go out on weekends.
A. stay B. staying C. to stay D. stayed
3. My mother has a preference ______ fresh fruit.
A. for B. to C. with D. on
答案与解析:
1. B 解析:prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 为固定搭配,意为 “比起做某事更喜欢做某事”,故选 B。
2. C 解析:prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 表示 “宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”,to 后接动词原形,故选 C。
3. A 解析:固定短语 have a preference for 表示 “偏爱……”,句意 “我妈妈偏爱新鲜水果”,故选 A。
2. fear /fɪə(r)/v. 使害怕;n. 害怕,恐惧
核心含义:动词指引起恐惧的情绪;名词指内心的畏惧感。
常见搭配:fear sth.(害怕某物)、fear to do sth.(害怕做某事)、in fear(恐惧地)
例句:Many children fear darkness.(很多孩子害怕黑暗。)
拓展:形容词形式为 fearful(害怕的),常用短语 be fearful of(害怕……)
练习题:
1. She fears ______ alone at night.
A. to be B. be C. being D. been
2. The little girl looked at the big dog in ______.
A. fear B. fearful C. fearing D. feared
3. He is fearful ______ flying in planes.
A. to B. of C. with D. for
答案与解析:
1. C 解析:fear doing sth. 表示 “害怕做某事”,alone 为形容词,需与 be 动词连用,故选 C。
2. A 解析:in fear 为固定短语,意为 “恐惧地”,句意 “小女孩恐惧地看着那只大狗”,故选 A。
3. B 解析:be fearful of 为固定搭配,意为 “害怕……”,句意 “他害怕坐飞机”,故选 B。
3. explore /ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/v. 探索;探究
核心含义:指为发现新事物而进行考察、研究或探索。
常见搭配:explore a place(探索一个地方)、explore the truth(探究真相)、explore ways to do sth.(探索做某事的方法)
例句:Scientists are exploring the deep sea for new resources.(科学家们正在深海探索新资源。)
拓展:名词形式为 exploration(探索)、explorer(探险家)
练习题:
1. They plan to ______ the ancient city next month.
A. explore B. exploration C. exploring D. explorer
2. We need to ______ new ways to solve this problem.
A. explore B. find C. look D. search
3. His ______ of the Amazon rainforest lasted for two years.
A. explore B. exploration C. exploring D. explorer
答案与解析:
1. A 解析:plan to 后接动词原形,explore 为动词,意为 “探索”,句意 “他们计划下个月去探索那座古城”,故选 A。
2. A 解析:explore 强调 “探索未知的方法”,符合句意 “我们需要探索新方法来解决这个问题”,find 强调 “找到已存在的事物”,故选 A。
3. B 解析:此处需要名词作主语,exploration 为名词,意为 “探索”,句意 “他对亚马逊雨林的探索持续了两年”,故选 B。
4. lie /laɪ/v. 在于,存放于;躺,位于(过去式:lay;过去分词:lain)
核心含义:此处重点讲 “在于,位于” 的含义,强调事物的位置或本质所在。
常见搭配:lie in(在于;位于)、lie on(位于…… 之上)
例句:The beauty of this city lies in its natural scenery.(这座城市的美在于它的自然风光。)
拓展:注意与 lie(说谎)的区别,说谎的过去式为 lied,过去分词为 lied
练习题:
1. The secret of his success ______ in hard work.
A. lying B. lay C. lain D. lies
2. The small village ______ on the bank of the river.
A. lies B. lays C. laid D. lying
3. The problem ______ in the lack of communication.
A. lies B. lay C. lain D. lies in
答案与解析:
1. D 解析:lie in 表示 “在于”,主语 the secret 为单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 lies,故选 D。
2. A 解析:lie on 表示 “位于…… 之上”,主语 the small village 为单数,谓语动词用 lies,故选 A。
3. A 解析:lie in 表示 “在于”,句中已有介词 in,只需填 lie 的第三人称单数形式 lies,故选 A。
5. rich /rɪtʃ/adj. 大量含有;丰富多彩的;富有的
核心含义:可形容物质财富充足,也可形容事物内容丰富、富含某种成分。
常见搭配:be rich in(富含……)、a rich life(富裕的生活)、rich culture(丰富的文化)
例句:This area is rich in oil resources.(这个地区富含石油资源。)
拓展:名词形式为 richness(丰富;富裕)
练习题:
1. The soil here is rich ______ nutrients.
A. with B. of C. in D. for
2. She leads a ______ life with her family.
A. rich B. poor C. hard D. simple
3. The book tells us about the ______ of Chinese history.
A. rich B. richness C. poor D. poverty
答案与解析:
1. C 解析:固定搭配 be rich in 表示 “富含……”,句意 “这里的土壤富含营养”,故选 C。
2. A 解析:根据句意 “她和家人过着______的生活”,rich 表示 “富裕的”,符合语境,故选 A。
3. B 解析:此处需要名词作宾语,richness 为名词,意为 “丰富”,句意 “这本书告诉我们中国历史的丰富内涵”,故选 B。
6. choose /tʃuːz/v. 选择(过去式:chose;过去分词:chosen)
核心含义:指从多个选项中挑选出自己想要的人或事物。
常见搭配:choose sth.(选择某物)、choose to do sth.(选择做某事)、choose between A and B(在 A 和 B 之间选择)
例句:He chose a red pen from the box.(他从盒子里选了一支红色的笔。)
拓展:名词形式为 choice(选择),常用短语 make a choice(做出选择)
练习题:
1. She ______ to study English as her major.
A. choose B. chose C. chosen D. choosing
2. We have to make a ______ between staying and leaving.
A. choose B. chose C. choice D. chosen
3. He can't ______ which book to buy.
A. choose B. chose C. choice D. chosen
答案与解析:
1. B 解析:此处描述过去的动作,用一般过去时,choose 的过去式为 chose,故选 B。
2. C 解析:make a choice 为固定短语,意为 “做出选择”,句意 “我们必须在留下和离开之间做出选择”,故选 C。
3. A 解析:can't 后接动词原形,choose 为动词,意为 “选择”,句意 “他无法决定买哪本书”,故选 A。
7. famous /ˈfeɪməs/adj. 历史上著名(或重要)的;著名的
核心含义:形容人、地方或事物因出众的品质、成就等而被广泛知晓。
常见搭配:be famous for(因…… 而闻名)、be famous as(作为…… 而闻名)
例句:Beijing is famous for its long history.(北京因它悠久的历史而闻名。)
拓展:名词形式为 fame(名声,声誉)
练习题:
1. The writer is famous ______ his short stories.
A. for B. as C. with D. on
2. He is famous ______ a great scientist.
A. for B. to C. of D. as
3. The place has gained ______ for its beautiful scenery.
A. famous B. fame C. famously D. famousness
答案与解析:
1. A 解析:be famous for 表示 “因…… 而闻名”,句意 “这位作家因他的短篇小说而闻名”,故选 A。
2. D 解析:be famous as 表示 “作为…… 而闻名”,句意 “他作为一名伟大的科学家而闻名”,故选 D。
3. B 解析:gained 后接名词作宾语,fame 为名词,意为 “名声”,句意 “这个地方因美丽的风景而声名鹊起”,故选 B。
8. knowledge /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/n. 学问,知识;学习
核心含义:指通过学习、经验获得的认知和技能,为不可数名词。
常见搭配:gain knowledge(获取知识)、have knowledge of(了解……)、knowledge about(关于…… 的知识)
例句:Reading can help us gain more knowledge.(阅读能帮助我们获取更多知识。)
拓展:形容词形式为 knowledgeable(知识渊博的)
练习题:
1. We should try our best to gain ______ knowledge.
A. many B. much C. a lot D. a few
2. He has a good knowledge ______ computer science.
A. of B. in C. on D. about
3. My teacher is very ______ about history.
A. knowledge B. knowledgeable C. know D. known
答案与解析:
1. B 解析:knowledge 为不可数名词,much 修饰不可数名词,many 和 a few 修饰可数名词复数,a lot 为副词短语,故选 B。
2. A 解析:固定搭配 have a knowledge of 表示 “了解……”,句意 “他对计算机科学有很好的了解”,故选 A。
3. B 解析:此处需要形容词作表语,knowledgeable 为形容词,意为 “知识渊博的”,句意 “我的老师在历史方面非常渊博”,故选 B。
9. abroad /əˈbrɔːd/adv. 在国外,到国外
核心含义:指在本国以外的国家,常与动词连用表示出行状态。
常见搭配:go abroad(出国)、study abroad(出国留学)、at home and abroad(国内外)
例句:Many students choose to study abroad.(很多学生选择出国留学。)
拓展:注意 abroad 为副词,前面不加介词
练习题:
1. His parents went ______ last year and will come back next month.
A. overseas B. foreign C. abroad D. outside
2. She dreams of studying ______ in the future.
A. abroad B. abroadly C. foreign D. overseas
3. The product is popular at home and ______.
A. abroad B. foreign C. overseas D. outside
答案与解析:
1. C解析:go abroad 为固定短语,意为 “出国”,abroad 为副词,直接修饰动词 go,故选 C。
2. A 解析:study abroad 为固定搭配,意为 “出国留学”,abroad 无需加后缀 ly,故选 A。
3. A 解析:固定短语 at home and abroad 表示 “国内外”,句意 “这个产品在国内外都很受欢迎”,故选 A。
10. admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/v. 欣赏;钦佩
核心含义:指因他人的才华、品质或事物的美好而产生赞赏之情。
常见搭配:admire sb.(钦佩某人)、admire sth.(欣赏某物)、admire sb. for sth.(因某事钦佩某人)
例句:We admire him for his courage.(我们钦佩他的勇气。)
拓展:名词形式为 admiration(钦佩;欣赏)
练习题:
1. I admire ______ his great achievements.
A. he B. him C. his D. himself
2. She admires the ______ of the painting.
A. beautiful B. beautify C. beautifully D. beauty
3. People admire him ______ his kindness.
A. for B. to C. with D. on
答案与解析:
1. B 解析:admire 为及物动词,后接人称代词宾格作宾语,him 为 he 的宾格形式,故选 B。
2. D 解析:此处需要名词作宾语,beauty 为名词,意为 “美”,句意 “她欣赏这幅画的美”,故选 D。
3. A 解析:固定搭配 admire sb. for sth. 表示 “因某事钦佩某人”,句意 “人们因他的善良而钦佩他”,故选 A。
11. marry /ˈmæri/v. 结婚,嫁,娶
核心含义:指男女双方结为夫妻的行为。
常见搭配:marry sb.(与某人结婚)、get married(结婚)、be married(已婚,表状态)
例句:She married a doctor last year.(她去年嫁给了一位医生。)
拓展:名词形式为 marriage(婚姻)
练习题:
1. They ______ for five years.
A. married B. have married C. have been married D. got married
2. He ______ his girlfriend next month.
A. marries B. will marry C. married D. has married
3. Their ______ has lasted for ten years.
A. marry B. married C. marriage D. marrying
答案与解析:
1. C 解析:for five years 表示一段时间,marry 为短暂性动词,需转换为延续性动词 be married,故选 C。
2. B 解析:由 next month 可知用一般将来时,will marry 表示 “将要结婚”,故选 B。
3. C 解析:此处需要名词作主语,marriage 为名词,意为 “婚姻”,句意 “他们的婚姻已经持续了十年”,故选 C。
12. period /ˈpɪəriəd/n. 时期;阶段
核心含义:指一段具有某种特征的时间。
常见搭配:a period of time(一段时间)、in ancient periods(在古代)、during this period(在这个时期)
例句:He lived in Paris for a short period.(他在巴黎住过一小段时间。)
练习题:
1. We have studied English for a long ______.
A. period B. time C. while D. moment
2. Many great events happened during that ______.
A. period B. year C. month D. day
3. This is a difficult ______ for our team.
A. period B. time C. stage D. all of the above
答案与解析:
1. A 解析:a long period 表示 “很长一段时间”,与 for 连用,符合语境,故选 A。
2. A 解析:during that period 表示 “在那个时期”,句意 “那个时期发生了很多重大事件”,故选 A。
3. D 解析:period、time、stage 在此处均可表示 “阶段;时期”,句意 “这对我们团队来说是一个困难的时期”,故选 D。
13. hero /ˈhɪərəʊ/n. 英雄(复数形式:heroes)
核心含义:指因勇敢、高尚的行为或杰出的成就而被人敬仰的人。
常见搭配:a national hero(民族英雄)、war heroes(战争英雄)
例句:Yuan Longping is a great hero in China.(袁隆平是中国的一位伟大英雄。)
拓展:以 o 结尾的可数名词,有生命的通常加 es 变复数,如 hero - heroes,potato - potatoes
练习题:
1. He is a ______ in our hearts.
A. hero B. heroes C. heroic D. heroism
2. Many ______ sacrificed their lives for the country.
A. hero B. heroism C. heroic D. heroes
3. The story is about two ______ who saved the children.
A. hero B. heroes C. heroic D. heroism
答案与解析:
1. A 解析:a 后接可数名词单数,hero 为单数形式,句意 “他在我们心中是一位英雄”,故选 A。
2. D 解析:many 后接可数名词复数,hero 的复数形式为 heroes,句意 “许多英雄为国家牺牲了生命”,故选 D。
3. B 解析:two 后接可数名词复数,hero 的复数为 heroes,句意 “这个故事是关于两位拯救了孩子们的英雄”,故选 B。
14. anywhere /ˈeniweə(r)/adv. 任何地方
核心含义:指无论哪个地方,常用于否定句、疑问句和肯定句中。
常见搭配:go anywhere(去任何地方)、not anywhere(无处)
例句:You can't go anywhere without permission.(没有允许你不能去任何地方。)
拓展:与 somewhere 辨析,somewhere 常用于肯定句,anywhere 常用于否定句和疑问句
练习题:
1. Did you go ______ interesting last weekend?
A. somewhere B. anywhere C. everywhere D. nowhere
2. I can't find my pen ______.
A. somewhere B. everywhere C. anywhere D. nowhere
3. You can sit ______ you like in the room.
A. somewhere B. anywhere C. everywhere D. nowhere
答案与解析:
1. B 解析:疑问句中用 anywhere 表示 “任何地方”,句意 “你上周末去了什么有趣的地方吗?”,故选 B。
2. C 解析:否定句中用 anywhere 表示 “任何地方”,句意 “我到处都找不到我的笔”,故选 C。
3. B 解析:肯定句中 anywhere 表示 “任何地方”,句意 “你可以在房间里随便坐”,故选 B。
15. message /ˈmesɪdʒ/n.(书面或手机)信息;消息
核心含义:指通过口头、书面或电子方式传递的内容。
常见搭配:send a message(发信息)、leave a message(留言)、take a message(捎口信)
例句:She sent me a message via WeChat.(她通过微信给我发了一条信息。)
拓展:复数形式为 messages
练习题:
1. He left a ______ for you before leaving.
A. message B. messages C. mess D. massage
2. Could you please take a ______ for him?
A. news B. messages C. information D. message
3. I have received many ______ from my friends.
A. message B. messages C. information D. news
答案与解析:
1. A 解析:a 后接可数名词单数,message 为单数形式,leave a message 表示 “留言”,故选 A。
2. D 解析:take a message 为固定短语,意为 “捎口信”,information 和 news 为不可数名词,不能与 a 连用,故选 D。
3. B 解析:many 后接可数名词复数,message 的复数形式为 messages,information 和 news 为不可数名词,故选 B。
1. according to 根据;依照
核心用法:后接名词、代词或名词短语,引出依据或来源。
例句:According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.(根据天气预报,明天会下雨。)
拓展:注意 according to 不用于进行时态
练习题:
1. ______ the map, the museum is not far from here.
A. According to B. Because of C. Thanks to D. Due to
2. According to __________ (he), the meeting will be held next Monday.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
答案与解析:
1. A 解析:according to 表示 “根据”,句意 “根据地图,博物馆离这儿不远”,故选 A。
2. him 解析:according to 后接人称代词宾格,he 的宾格形式为 him,故填 him。
2. look like 看起来像
核心用法:后接名词或代词,描述人或事物的外观特征。
例句:The cloud looks like a rabbit.(那朵云看起来像一只兔子。)
拓展:类似短语还有 be like(像……,侧重性格或品质)
练习题:
1. That girl ______ her mother very much.
A. looks like B. likes C. is like D. looks after
2. The building ______ a castle.
A. looks like B. looks for C. looks after D. looks up
答案与解析:
1. A 解析:looks like 表示 “看起来像”,侧重外观,句意 “那个女孩长得很像她妈妈”,故选 A。
2. A 解析:looks like 表示 “看起来像”,句意 “这座建筑看起来像一座城堡”,looks for 表示 “寻找”,looks after 表示 “照顾”,looks up 表示 “查阅”,故选 A。
3. be famous for 因…… 而闻名
核心用法:后接名词或名词短语,强调闻名的原因。
例句:Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.(杭州因西湖而闻名。)
拓展:be famous as 表示 “作为…… 而闻名”,后接职业、身份等
练习题:
1. The town is famous ______ its hot springs.
A. for B. as C. with D. on
2. This actor is famous ______ his excellent acting skills.
A. for B. as C. of D. to
答案与解析:
1. A 解析:be famous for 表示 “因…… 而闻名”,句意 “这个小镇因温泉而闻名”,故选 A。
2. A 解析:“出色的演技” 是这位演员闻名的原因,用 be famous for,故选 A。
4. at home and abroad 国内外,海内外
核心用法:作状语,泛指国内和国外。
例句:The product is popular at home and abroad.(这个产品在国内外都很受欢迎。)
拓展:abroad 为副词,前面不加介词
练习题:
1. His works are read ______ home and abroad.
A. at B. in C. on D. to
2. Many Chinese brands have entered the markets ______ home and abroad.
A. at B. in C. on D. for
答案与解析:
1. A 解析:固定短语 at home and abroad 表示 “国内外”,故选 A。
2. A 解析:at home and abroad 为固定搭配,句意 “许多中国品牌已经进入了国内外市场”,故选 A。
5. be worth a visit 很值得一游
核心用法:worth 为形容词,后接名词或动名词,强调某事或某地值得做。
例句:The ancient temple is worth a visit.(这座古寺很值得一游。)
拓展:be worth doing 表示 “值得做某事”,主动形式表被动含义
练习题:
1. The new park is well worth __________ (visit).(用所给词的适当形式填空)
2. This book is worth ______ read.
A. to B. / C. being D. be
答案与解析:
1. visiting 解析:be worth doing 为固定搭配,主动形式表被动含义,故填 visiting。
2. B 解析:be worth 后接动名词形式,无需加 to 或 be 动词,故选 B。
6. can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事
核心用法:表示急切地想要做某事,to 后接动词原形。
例句:The children can't wait to open their presents.(孩子们迫不及待地打开他们的礼物。)
拓展:can't wait for sth. 表示 “迫不及待想要某物”
练习题:
1. She can't wait __________ (see) her grandparents.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
2. They can't wait ______ the holiday.
A. for B. to C. with D. on
答案与解析:
1. to see 解析:can't wait to do sth. 为固定搭配,to 后接动词原形,故填 to see。
2. A 解析:can't wait for sth. 表示 “迫不及待想要某物”,句意 “他们迫不及待地想要假期到来”,故选 A。
7. share...with... 与…… 分享……
核心用法:share 后接分享的事物,with 后接分享的对象。
例句:We should share our happiness with friends.(我们应该和朋友分享我们的快乐。)
拓展:share in 表示 “分担;分享”,后接抽象名词
练习题:
1. He shared his food ______ his classmates.
A. with B. to C. for D. on
2. She is willing to share __________ (she) ideas with us.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
答案与解析:
1. A 解析:固定搭配 share...with... 表示 “与…… 分享……”,句意 “他和同学们分享了他的食物”,故选 A。
2. her 解析:此处需要形容词性物主代词修饰名词 ideas,she 的形容词性物主代词为 her,故填 her。
8. lie in 位于;在于
核心用法:表示地理位置时,后接地点名词;表示事物本质时,后接抽象名词。
例句:The city lies in the south of China.(这座城市位于中国的南部。)
拓展:lie on 表示 “位于…… 之上(相邻或接壤)”,lie to 表示 “位于……(不相邻)”
练习题:
1. The village lies ______ the foot of the mountain.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
2. The success of the plan lies ______ careful preparation.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
答案与解析:
1. C 解析:at the foot of 表示 “在…… 脚下”,lie at 表示 “位于……”,句意 “这个村庄位于山脚下”,故选 C。
2. A 解析:lie in 表示 “在于”,句意 “这个计划的成功在于精心的准备”,故选 A。
9. not...until... 直到…… 才
核心用法:表示动作直到某个时间才发生,until 后接时间点或从句。
例句:He didn't go to bed until his mother came back.(直到他妈妈回来他才睡觉。)
拓展:until 引导时间状语从句时,主句为否定句,从句用一般现在时表将来
练习题:
1. I won't leave ______ you come back.
A. until B. when C. while D. as
2. She didn't finish her homework ______ 10 o'clock last night.
A. until B. at C. in D. on
答案与解析:
1. A 解析:not...until... 表示 “直到…… 才”,句意 “直到你回来我才会离开”,故选 A。
2. A 解析:until 后接时间点,句意 “她昨晚直到 10 点才完成作业”,故选 A。
10. send sb. a message 给某人发信息
核心用法:也可表达为 send a message to sb.,表示传递信息给某人。
例句:I sent him a message to remind him of the meeting.(我给他发了一条信息提醒他开会。)
拓展:message 为可数名词,复数形式为 messages
练习题:
1. She sent a message ______ her friend.
A. to B. for C. with D. on
2. He __________ (send) me a message just now.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
答案与解析:
1. A 解析:send sth. to sb. 为固定搭配,意为 “把某物送给某人”,故选 A。
2. sent 解析:由 just now 可知用一般过去时,send 的过去式为 sent,故填 sent。
11. a lot of 大量的;许多的
核心用法:后接可数名词复数或不可数名词,表示数量多。
例句:There are a lot of books in the library.(图书馆里有很多书。)
拓展:lots of 与 a lot of 用法相同,a lot 为副词短语,修饰动词
练习题:
1. There is ______ water in the bottle.
A. a lot of B. a lot C. many D. few
2. She has ______ friends at school.
A. a lot of B. a lot C. much D. little
答案与解析:
1. A 解析:water 为不可数名词,a lot of 可修饰不可数名词,many 和 few 修饰可数名词复数,a lot 为副词短语,故选 A。
2. A 解析:friends 为可数名词复数,a lot of 可修饰可数名词复数,much 和 little 修饰不可数名词,a lot 为副词短语,故选 A。
12. be located in 位于(文档中 “坐落于” 对应短语)
核心用法:表示地理位置,相当于 lie in,被动形式表主动含义。
例句:The school is located in the center of the city.(这所学校位于城市的中心。)
拓展:be located on 表示 “位于…… 之上(相邻)”,be located to 表示 “位于……(不相邻)”
练习题:
1. The company is located ______ the west of the city.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
2. The hotel is located ______ the bank.
A. in B. on C. next to D. to
答案与解析:
1. A 解析:be located in 表示 “位于…… 内部”,句意 “这家公司位于城市的西部”,故选 A。
2. C 解析:next to 表示 “紧挨着”,句意 “这家酒店位于银行旁边”,其他选项不符合语境,故选 C。
1. Have you ever been to Xinjiang, Millie?
句意翻译:米莉,你去过新疆吗?
句型结构:一般疑问句(Have + 主语 + ever been to + 地点名词?)
o 关键知识点:have been to 表示 “去过某地(已返回)”;ever 用于现在完成时疑问句中,表 “曾经”。
练习题:
1. 完成句子:你曾经去过北京吗?
______ you ever ______ ______ Beijing?
答案与解析:
Have; been to
解析:“去过某地” 用 have been to,主语为 you,助动词用 Have,ever 置于助动词与过去分词之间,符合句型结构。
2. The colour of the water changes according to the season and weather.
句意翻译:水的颜色会随着季节和天气变化。
句型结构:主语(The colour of the water)+ 谓语(changes)+ 方式状语(according to the season and weather)
o 关键知识点:according to 引导方式状语,“根据;随着”;主语为单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
练习题:
1. 完成句子:价格会随着市场变化。
The price changes ______ ______ the market.
答案与解析:
according to
解析:“随着;根据” 用 according to,为固定短语,符合句型中方式状语的表达要求。
3. The lake with the forest trees around looks like a watercolour painting!
句意翻译:这片被林木环绕的湖泊看上去就像一幅水彩画!
句型结构:主语(The lake)+ 后置定语(with the forest trees around)+ 谓语(looks like)+ 宾语(a watercolour painting)
o 关键知识点:with 短语作后置定语,修饰主语;looks like 表示 “看起来像”。
练习题:
1. 完成句子:那个带着红帽子的女孩看起来像我妹妹。
The girl ______ a red hat ______ ______ my sister.
答案与解析:
with; looks like
解析:“带着红帽子的” 用 with a red hat 作后置定语;“看起来像” 用 looks like,主语为单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
4. Nanjing, one of the ancient capitals of China, is located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
句意翻译:南京,中国的古都之一,坐落于长江下游。
句型结构:主语(Nanjing)+ 同位语(one of the ancient capitals of China)+ 谓语(is located in)+ 宾语(the lower reaches of the Yangtze River)
o 关键知识点:one of + 可数名词复数,表示 “…… 之一”;is located in 表示 “位于”。
练习题:
1. 完成句子:上海,中国的大城市之一,位于东部沿海。
Shanghai, one of China's big cities, ______ ______ the eastern coast.
答案与解析:
is located in
解析:“位于” 用 is located in,主语 Shanghai 为单数,be 动词用 is,符合句型结构。
5. The fantastic mountain view and historical buildings there are well worth a visit.
句意翻译:那里绝佳的山景和历史建筑非常值得一游。
句型结构:主语(The fantastic mountain view and historical buildings)+ 定语(there)+ 谓语(are)+ 表语(well worth a visit)
o 关键知识点:be well worth a visit 表示 “很值得一游”;主语为复数,be 动词用 are。
练习题:
1. 完成句子:那些古老的寺庙非常值得一游。
Those ancient temples ______ well ______ a visit.
答案与解析:
are; worth
解析:主语 those ancient temples 为复数,be 动词用 are;“值得” 用 worth,be worth a visit 为固定搭配。
6. The city has been well known for its peonies since the Tang Dynasty.
句意翻译:这座城市自唐代起就因牡丹而闻名。
句型结构:主语(The city)+ 谓语(has been well known for)+ 宾语(its peonies)+ 时间状语(since the Tang Dynasty)
o 关键知识点:since 引导时间状语,与现在完成时连用;be known for = be famous for,“因…… 而闻名”。
练习题:
1. 完成句子:这座小镇自 2000 年起就因茶叶而闻名。
The town ______ ______ known for its tea since 2000.
答案与解析:
has been
解析:since 2000 与现在完成时连用,主语 the town 为单数,助动词用 has,be known for 表示 “因…… 而闻名”,故填 has been。
7. I admire not only the beauty of the city but also its rich culture.
句意翻译:我不仅欣赏这座城市的美景,也赞叹它深厚的文化底蕴。
句型结构:主语(I)+ 谓语(admire)+ 并列宾语(not only the beauty of the city but also its rich culture)
o 关键知识点:not only...but also... 表示 “不仅…… 而且……”,连接两个并列的宾语。
练习题:
1. 完成句子:他不仅会说英语,还会说法语。
He can speak ______ ______ English ______ ______ French.
答案与解析:
not only; but also
解析:“不仅…… 而且……” 用 not only...but also...,连接两个并列的宾语 English 和 French,符合句型结构。
8. No matter where you stand, there is always a wonderful picture in front of you.
句意翻译:无论站在何处,眼前总能看到一幅绝美的画面。
句型结构:让步状语从句(No matter where you stand)+ 主句(there is always a wonderful picture in front of you)
o 关键知识点:no matter where 表示 “无论哪里”,引导让步状语从句;there be 句型表示 “存在有”。
练习题:
1. 完成句子:无论你去哪里,都要照顾好自己。
______ ______ where you go, you must look after yourself.
答案与解析:
No matter
解析:“无论哪里” 用 no matter where,引导让步状语从句,符合句型结构。
核心语法精讲(have/has been vs have/has gone + 现在完成时与 for/since 连用)
1. have/has been to 与 have/has gone to 的区别
结构
含义
例句
have/has been to
去过某地(已返回,强调经历)
She has been to Beijing twice.(她去过北京两次。)
have/has gone to
去了某地(未返回,强调去向)
He has gone to Shanghai. He will be back next week.(他去上海了,下周回来。)
例句:
o A: Where is Tom?(汤姆在哪里?)
o B: He has gone to the library.(他去图书馆了。)
o A: Have you ever been to Paris?(你去过巴黎吗?)
o B: Yes, I went there last year.(去过,我去年去的。)
2. 现在完成时与 for/since 的连用规则
for 的用法:后接一段时间(如 for two years, for a month),表示动作持续的时长。
o 例句:We have studied English for three years.(我们已经学了三年英语了。)
since 的用法:后接时间点(如 since 2020, since last Monday)、一段时间 + ago(如 since three years ago)或一般过去时的从句(如 since he came here),表示动作开始的时间。
o 例句:He has lived in this city since 2018.(自从 2018 年他就住在这座城市了。)
3. 短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换
核心规则:现在完成时与一段时间连用时,短暂性动词需转换为延续性动词,否则句子语法错误。
常见转换表:
短暂性动词
延续性动词
现在完成时构成
例句
leave
be away from
have/has been away from
She has been away from home for a week.(她离开家已经一周了。)
buy
have
have/has had
He has had the bike for three years.(他买这辆自行车已经三年了。)
open
be open
have/has been open
The shop has been open since 9 o'clock.(商店从 9 点就开门了。)
close
be closed
have/has been closed
The library has been closed for two days.(图书馆已经闭馆两天了。)
borrow
keep
have/has kept
I have kept the book for a month.(这本书我借了一个月了。)
come/go/arrive
be in/at
have/has been in/at
They have been in Beijing for five days.(他们来北京已经五天了。)
marry
be married
have/has been married
They have been married for ten years.(他们结婚已经十年了。)
join
be a member of
have/has been a member of
She has been a member of the club since 2019.(自从 2019 年她就是这个俱乐部的成员了。)
begin/start
be on
have/has been on
The film has been on for ten minutes.(电影已经开始十分钟了。)
4. 练习题
1. —Where is your father? —He ______ to Beijing. He will be back in three days.(用 have/has been to 或 have/has gone to 填空)
2. She __________ (live) in this town since she was born.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
3. He __________ (buy) the car for five years.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
4. —______ you ever __________ (be) to Shanghai? —Yes, I __________ (go) there last year.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
5. The meeting __________ (begin) ten minutes ago. We have been waiting for it for ten minutes.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
6. He __________ (not see) his friend for a long time.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
答案与解析
1. has gone to 解析:由 “他三天后回来” 可知,他去北京还没回来,用 has gone to,主语 he 为第三人称单数,故填 has gone to。
2. has lived 解析:since she was born 与现在完成时连用,live 为延续性动词,主语 she 为第三人称单数,故填 has lived。
3. has had 解析:for five years 表示一段时间,buy 为短暂性动词,需转换为延续性动词 have,现在完成时为 has had,故填 has had。
4. Have; been; went 解析:第一空由 ever 可知用现在完成时,主语 you 用 Have,be 的过去分词为 been;第二空由 last year 可知用一般过去时,go 的过去式为 went。
5. began 解析:ten minutes ago 与一般过去时连用,begin 的过去式为 began,句意 “会议十分钟前开始了,我们已经等了十分钟了”。
6. hasn't seen 解析:for a long time 与现在完成时连用,否定形式为 hasn't seen,主语 he 为第三人称单数,故填 hasn't seen。
18 / 19乐思英语
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$优秀生培养计划
第2讲 Unit 2 Amazing China(新教材译林版)
内容提要
高频词汇
常考短语
重点句型
核心语法
1. prefer /prɪˈfɜː(r)/v. 较喜欢(搭配:更喜欢(做)某事)
核心含义:在两者或多者中更倾向于某事物,强调个人偏好。
常见搭配:prefer sth.(更喜欢某物)、prefer to do sth.(更喜欢做某事)、prefer doing sth. to doing sth.(比起做某事更喜欢做某事)
例句:She prefers to travel by train rather than by plane.(比起坐飞机,她更喜欢坐火车旅行。)
拓展:名词形式为 preference(偏好),常用短语 have a preference for(偏爱……)
练习题:
1. I prefer ______ tea to coffee.
A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drank
2. He prefers ______ at home rather than go out on weekends.
A. stay B. staying C. to stay D. stayed
3. My mother has a preference ______ fresh fruit.
A. for B. to C. with D. on
2. fear /fɪə(r)/v. 使害怕;n. 害怕,恐惧
核心含义:动词指引起恐惧的情绪;名词指内心的畏惧感。
常见搭配:fear sth.(害怕某物)、fear to do sth.(害怕做某事)、in fear(恐惧地)
例句:Many children fear darkness.(很多孩子害怕黑暗。)
拓展:形容词形式为 fearful(害怕的),常用短语 be fearful of(害怕……)
练习题:
1. She fears ______ alone at night.
A. to be B. be C. being D. been
2. The little girl looked at the big dog in ______.
A. fear B. fearful C. fearing D. feared
3. He is fearful ______ flying in planes.
A. to B. of C. with D. for
3. explore /ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/v. 探索;探究
核心含义:指为发现新事物而进行考察、研究或探索。
常见搭配:explore a place(探索一个地方)、explore the truth(探究真相)、explore ways to do sth.(探索做某事的方法)
例句:Scientists are exploring the deep sea for new resources.(科学家们正在深海探索新资源。)
拓展:名词形式为 exploration(探索)、explorer(探险家)
练习题:
1. They plan to ______ the ancient city next month.
A. explore B. exploration C. exploring D. explorer
2. We need to ______ new ways to solve this problem.
A. explore B. find C. look D. search
3. His ______ of the Amazon rainforest lasted for two years.
A. explore B. exploration C. exploring D. explorer
4. lie /laɪ/v. 在于,存放于;躺,位于(过去式:lay;过去分词:lain)
核心含义:此处重点讲 “在于,位于” 的含义,强调事物的位置或本质所在。
常见搭配:lie in(在于;位于)、lie on(位于…… 之上)
例句:The beauty of this city lies in its natural scenery.(这座城市的美在于它的自然风光。)
拓展:注意与 lie(说谎)的区别,说谎的过去式为 lied,过去分词为 lied
练习题:
1. The secret of his success ______ in hard work.
A. lying B. lay C. lain D. lies
2. The small village ______ on the bank of the river.
A. lies B. lays C. laid D. lying
3. The problem ______ in the lack of communication.
A. lies B. lay C. lain D. lies in
5. rich /rɪtʃ/adj. 大量含有;丰富多彩的;富有的
核心含义:可形容物质财富充足,也可形容事物内容丰富、富含某种成分。
常见搭配:be rich in(富含……)、a rich life(富裕的生活)、rich culture(丰富的文化)
例句:This area is rich in oil resources.(这个地区富含石油资源。)
拓展:名词形式为 richness(丰富;富裕)
练习题:
1. The soil here is rich ______ nutrients.
A. with B. of C. in D. for
2. She leads a ______ life with her family.
A. rich B. poor C. hard D. simple
3. The book tells us about the ______ of Chinese history.
A. rich B. richness C. poor D. poverty
6. choose /tʃuːz/v. 选择(过去式:chose;过去分词:chosen)
核心含义:指从多个选项中挑选出自己想要的人或事物。
常见搭配:choose sth.(选择某物)、choose to do sth.(选择做某事)、choose between A and B(在 A 和 B 之间选择)
例句:He chose a red pen from the box.(他从盒子里选了一支红色的笔。)
拓展:名词形式为 choice(选择),常用短语 make a choice(做出选择)
练习题:
1. She ______ to study English as her major.
A. choose B. chose C. chosen D. choosing
2. We have to make a ______ between staying and leaving.
A. choose B. chose C. choice D. chosen
3. He can't ______ which book to buy.
A. choose B. chose C. choice D. chosen
7. famous /ˈfeɪməs/adj. 历史上著名(或重要)的;著名的
核心含义:形容人、地方或事物因出众的品质、成就等而被广泛知晓。
常见搭配:be famous for(因…… 而闻名)、be famous as(作为…… 而闻名)
例句:Beijing is famous for its long history.(北京因它悠久的历史而闻名。)
拓展:名词形式为 fame(名声,声誉)
练习题:
1. The writer is famous ______ his short stories.
A. for B. as C. with D. on
2. He is famous ______ a great scientist.
A. for B. to C. of D. as
3. The place has gained ______ for its beautiful scenery.
A. famous B. fame C. famously D. famousness
8. knowledge /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/n. 学问,知识;学习
核心含义:指通过学习、经验获得的认知和技能,为不可数名词。
常见搭配:gain knowledge(获取知识)、have knowledge of(了解……)、knowledge about(关于…… 的知识)
例句:Reading can help us gain more knowledge.(阅读能帮助我们获取更多知识。)
拓展:形容词形式为 knowledgeable(知识渊博的)
练习题:
1. We should try our best to gain ______ knowledge.
A. many B. much C. a lot D. a few
2. He has a good knowledge ______ computer science.
A. of B. in C. on D. about
3. My teacher is very ______ about history.
A. knowledge B. knowledgeable C. know D. known
9. abroad /əˈbrɔːd/adv. 在国外,到国外
核心含义:指在本国以外的国家,常与动词连用表示出行状态。
常见搭配:go abroad(出国)、study abroad(出国留学)、at home and abroad(国内外)
例句:Many students choose to study abroad.(很多学生选择出国留学。)
拓展:注意 abroad 为副词,前面不加介词
练习题:
1. His parents went ______ last year and will come back next month.
A. overseas B. foreign C. abroad D. outside
2. She dreams of studying ______ in the future.
A. abroad B. abroadly C. foreign D. overseas
3. The product is popular at home and ______.
A. abroad B. foreign C. overseas D. outside
10. admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/v. 欣赏;钦佩
核心含义:指因他人的才华、品质或事物的美好而产生赞赏之情。
常见搭配:admire sb.(钦佩某人)、admire sth.(欣赏某物)、admire sb. for sth.(因某事钦佩某人)
例句:We admire him for his courage.(我们钦佩他的勇气。)
拓展:名词形式为 admiration(钦佩;欣赏)
练习题:
1. I admire ______ his great achievements.
A. he B. him C. his D. himself
2. She admires the ______ of the painting.
A. beautiful B. beautify C. beautifully D. beauty
3. People admire him ______ his kindness.
A. for B. to C. with D. on
11. marry /ˈmæri/v. 结婚,嫁,娶
核心含义:指男女双方结为夫妻的行为。
常见搭配:marry sb.(与某人结婚)、get married(结婚)、be married(已婚,表状态)
例句:She married a doctor last year.(她去年嫁给了一位医生。)
拓展:名词形式为 marriage(婚姻)
练习题:
1. They ______ for five years.
A. married B. have married C. have been married D. got married
2. He ______ his girlfriend next month.
A. marries B. will marry C. married D. has married
3. Their ______ has lasted for ten years.
A. marry B. married C. marriage D. marrying
12. period /ˈpɪəriəd/n. 时期;阶段
核心含义:指一段具有某种特征的时间。
常见搭配:a period of time(一段时间)、in ancient periods(在古代)、during this period(在这个时期)
例句:He lived in Paris for a short period.(他在巴黎住过一小段时间。)
练习题:
1. We have studied English for a long ______.
A. period B. time C. while D. moment
2. Many great events happened during that ______.
A. period B. year C. month D. day
3. This is a difficult ______ for our team.
A. period B. time C. stage D. all of the above
13. hero /ˈhɪərəʊ/n. 英雄(复数形式:heroes)
核心含义:指因勇敢、高尚的行为或杰出的成就而被人敬仰的人。
常见搭配:a national hero(民族英雄)、war heroes(战争英雄)
例句:Yuan Longping is a great hero in China.(袁隆平是中国的一位伟大英雄。)
拓展:以 o 结尾的可数名词,有生命的通常加 es 变复数,如 hero - heroes,potato - potatoes
练习题:
1. He is a ______ in our hearts.
A. hero B. heroes C. heroic D. heroism
2. Many ______ sacrificed their lives for the country.
A. hero B. heroism C. heroic D. heroes
3. The story is about two ______ who saved the children.
A. hero B. heroes C. heroic D. heroism
14. anywhere /ˈeniweə(r)/adv. 任何地方
核心含义:指无论哪个地方,常用于否定句、疑问句和肯定句中。
常见搭配:go anywhere(去任何地方)、not anywhere(无处)
例句:You can't go anywhere without permission.(没有允许你不能去任何地方。)
拓展:与 somewhere 辨析,somewhere 常用于肯定句,anywhere 常用于否定句和疑问句
练习题:
1. Did you go ______ interesting last weekend?
A. somewhere B. anywhere C. everywhere D. nowhere
2. I can't find my pen ______.
A. somewhere B. everywhere C. anywhere D. nowhere
3. You can sit ______ you like in the room.
A. somewhere B. anywhere C. everywhere D. nowhere
15. message /ˈmesɪdʒ/n.(书面或手机)信息;消息
核心含义:指通过口头、书面或电子方式传递的内容。
常见搭配:send a message(发信息)、leave a message(留言)、take a message(捎口信)
例句:She sent me a message via WeChat.(她通过微信给我发了一条信息。)
拓展:复数形式为 messages
练习题:
1. He left a ______ for you before leaving.
A. message B. messages C. mess D. massage
2. Could you please take a ______ for him?
A. news B. messages C. information D. message
3. I have received many ______ from my friends.
A. message B. messages C. information D. news
1. according to 根据;依照
核心用法:后接名词、代词或名词短语,引出依据或来源。
例句:According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.(根据天气预报,明天会下雨。)
拓展:注意 according to 不用于进行时态
练习题:
1. ______ the map, the museum is not far from here.
A. According to B. Because of C. Thanks to D. Due to
2. According to __________ (he), the meeting will be held next Monday.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
2. look like 看起来像
核心用法:后接名词或代词,描述人或事物的外观特征。
例句:The cloud looks like a rabbit.(那朵云看起来像一只兔子。)
拓展:类似短语还有 be like(像……,侧重性格或品质)
练习题:
1. That girl ______ her mother very much.
A. looks like B. likes C. is like D. looks after
2. The building ______ a castle.
A. looks like B. looks for C. looks after D. looks up
3. be famous for 因…… 而闻名
核心用法:后接名词或名词短语,强调闻名的原因。
例句:Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.(杭州因西湖而闻名。)
拓展:be famous as 表示 “作为…… 而闻名”,后接职业、身份等
练习题:
1. The town is famous ______ its hot springs.
A. for B. as C. with D. on
2. This actor is famous ______ his excellent acting skills.
A. for B. as C. of D. to
4. at home and abroad 国内外,海内外
核心用法:作状语,泛指国内和国外。
例句:The product is popular at home and abroad.(这个产品在国内外都很受欢迎。)
拓展:abroad 为副词,前面不加介词
练习题:
1. His works are read ______ home and abroad.
A. at B. in C. on D. to
2. Many Chinese brands have entered the markets ______ home and abroad.
A. at B. in C. on D. for
5. be worth a visit 很值得一游
核心用法:worth 为形容词,后接名词或动名词,强调某事或某地值得做。
例句:The ancient temple is worth a visit.(这座古寺很值得一游。)
拓展:be worth doing 表示 “值得做某事”,主动形式表被动含义
练习题:
1. The new park is well worth __________ (visit).(用所给词的适当形式填空)
2. This book is worth ______ read.
A. to B. / C. being D. be
6. can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事
核心用法:表示急切地想要做某事,to 后接动词原形。
例句:The children can't wait to open their presents.(孩子们迫不及待地打开他们的礼物。)
拓展:can't wait for sth. 表示 “迫不及待想要某物”
练习题:
1. She can't wait __________ (see) her grandparents.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
2. They can't wait ______ the holiday.
A. for B. to C. with D. on
7. share...with... 与…… 分享……
核心用法:share 后接分享的事物,with 后接分享的对象。
例句:We should share our happiness with friends.(我们应该和朋友分享我们的快乐。)
拓展:share in 表示 “分担;分享”,后接抽象名词
练习题:
1. He shared his food ______ his classmates.
A. with B. to C. for D. on
2. She is willing to share __________ (she) ideas with us.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
8. lie in 位于;在于
核心用法:表示地理位置时,后接地点名词;表示事物本质时,后接抽象名词。
例句:The city lies in the south of China.(这座城市位于中国的南部。)
拓展:lie on 表示 “位于…… 之上(相邻或接壤)”,lie to 表示 “位于……(不相邻)”
练习题:
1. The village lies ______ the foot of the mountain.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
2. The success of the plan lies ______ careful preparation.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
9. not...until... 直到…… 才
核心用法:表示动作直到某个时间才发生,until 后接时间点或从句。
例句:He didn't go to bed until his mother came back.(直到他妈妈回来他才睡觉。)
拓展:until 引导时间状语从句时,主句为否定句,从句用一般现在时表将来
练习题:
1. I won't leave ______ you come back.
A. until B. when C. while D. as
2. She didn't finish her homework ______ 10 o'clock last night.
A. until B. at C. in D. on
10. send sb. a message 给某人发信息
核心用法:也可表达为 send a message to sb.,表示传递信息给某人。
例句:I sent him a message to remind him of the meeting.(我给他发了一条信息提醒他开会。)
拓展:message 为可数名词,复数形式为 messages
练习题:
1. She sent a message ______ her friend.
A. to B. for C. with D. on
2. He __________ (send) me a message just now.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
11. a lot of 大量的;许多的
核心用法:后接可数名词复数或不可数名词,表示数量多。
例句:There are a lot of books in the library.(图书馆里有很多书。)
拓展:lots of 与 a lot of 用法相同,a lot 为副词短语,修饰动词
练习题:
1. There is ______ water in the bottle.
A. a lot of B. a lot C. many D. few
2. She has ______ friends at school.
A. a lot of B. a lot C. much D. little
12. be located in 位于(文档中 “坐落于” 对应短语)
核心用法:表示地理位置,相当于 lie in,被动形式表主动含义。
例句:The school is located in the center of the city.(这所学校位于城市的中心。)
拓展:be located on 表示 “位于…… 之上(相邻)”,be located to 表示 “位于……(不相邻)”
练习题:
1. The company is located ______ the west of the city.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
2. The hotel is located ______ the bank.
A. in B. on C. next to D. to
1. Have you ever been to Xinjiang, Millie?
句意翻译:米莉,你去过新疆吗?
句型结构:一般疑问句(Have + 主语 + ever been to + 地点名词?)
o 关键知识点:have been to 表示 “去过某地(已返回)”;ever 用于现在完成时疑问句中,表 “曾经”。
练习题:
1. 完成句子:你曾经去过北京吗?
______ you ever ______ ______ Beijing?
2. The colour of the water changes according to the season and weather.
句意翻译:水的颜色会随着季节和天气变化。
句型结构:主语(The colour of the water)+ 谓语(changes)+ 方式状语(according to the season and weather)
o 关键知识点:according to 引导方式状语,“根据;随着”;主语为单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
练习题:
1. 完成句子:价格会随着市场变化。
The price changes ______ ______ the market.
3. The lake with the forest trees around looks like a watercolour painting!
句意翻译:这片被林木环绕的湖泊看上去就像一幅水彩画!
句型结构:主语(The lake)+ 后置定语(with the forest trees around)+ 谓语(looks like)+ 宾语(a watercolour painting)
o 关键知识点:with 短语作后置定语,修饰主语;looks like 表示 “看起来像”。
练习题:
1. 完成句子:那个带着红帽子的女孩看起来像我妹妹。
The girl ______ a red hat ______ ______ my sister.
4. Nanjing, one of the ancient capitals of China, is located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
句意翻译:南京,中国的古都之一,坐落于长江下游。
句型结构:主语(Nanjing)+ 同位语(one of the ancient capitals of China)+ 谓语(is located in)+ 宾语(the lower reaches of the Yangtze River)
o 关键知识点:one of + 可数名词复数,表示 “…… 之一”;is located in 表示 “位于”。
练习题:
1. 完成句子:上海,中国的大城市之一,位于东部沿海。
Shanghai, one of China's big cities, ______ ______ the eastern coast.
5. The fantastic mountain view and historical buildings there are well worth a visit.
句意翻译:那里绝佳的山景和历史建筑非常值得一游。
句型结构:主语(The fantastic mountain view and historical buildings)+ 定语(there)+ 谓语(are)+ 表语(well worth a visit)
o 关键知识点:be well worth a visit 表示 “很值得一游”;主语为复数,be 动词用 are。
练习题:
1. 完成句子:那些古老的寺庙非常值得一游。
Those ancient temples ______ well ______ a visit.
6. The city has been well known for its peonies since the Tang Dynasty.
句意翻译:这座城市自唐代起就因牡丹而闻名。
句型结构:主语(The city)+ 谓语(has been well known for)+ 宾语(its peonies)+ 时间状语(since the Tang Dynasty)
o 关键知识点:since 引导时间状语,与现在完成时连用;be known for = be famous for,“因…… 而闻名”。
练习题:
1. 完成句子:这座小镇自 2000 年起就因茶叶而闻名。
The town ______ ______ known for its tea since 2000.
7. I admire not only the beauty of the city but also its rich culture.
句意翻译:我不仅欣赏这座城市的美景,也赞叹它深厚的文化底蕴。
句型结构:主语(I)+ 谓语(admire)+ 并列宾语(not only the beauty of the city but also its rich culture)
o 关键知识点:not only...but also... 表示 “不仅…… 而且……”,连接两个并列的宾语。
练习题:
1. 完成句子:他不仅会说英语,还会说法语。
He can speak ______ ______ English ______ ______ French.
8. No matter where you stand, there is always a wonderful picture in front of you.
句意翻译:无论站在何处,眼前总能看到一幅绝美的画面。
句型结构:让步状语从句(No matter where you stand)+ 主句(there is always a wonderful picture in front of you)
o 关键知识点:no matter where 表示 “无论哪里”,引导让步状语从句;there be 句型表示 “存在有”。
练习题:
1. 完成句子:无论你去哪里,都要照顾好自己。
______ ______ where you go, you must look after yourself.
核心语法精讲(have/has been vs have/has gone + 现在完成时与 for/since 连用)
1. have/has been to 与 have/has gone to 的区别
结构
含义
例句
have/has been to
去过某地(已返回,强调经历)
She has been to Beijing twice.(她去过北京两次。)
have/has gone to
去了某地(未返回,强调去向)
He has gone to Shanghai. He will be back next week.(他去上海了,下周回来。)
例句:
o A: Where is Tom?(汤姆在哪里?)
o B: He has gone to the library.(他去图书馆了。)
o A: Have you ever been to Paris?(你去过巴黎吗?)
o B: Yes, I went there last year.(去过,我去年去的。)
2. 现在完成时与 for/since 的连用规则
for 的用法:后接一段时间(如 for two years, for a month),表示动作持续的时长。
o 例句:We have studied English for three years.(我们已经学了三年英语了。)
since 的用法:后接时间点(如 since 2020, since last Monday)、一段时间 + ago(如 since three years ago)或一般过去时的从句(如 since he came here),表示动作开始的时间。
o 例句:He has lived in this city since 2018.(自从 2018 年他就住在这座城市了。)
3. 短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换
核心规则:现在完成时与一段时间连用时,短暂性动词需转换为延续性动词,否则句子语法错误。
常见转换表:
短暂性动词
延续性动词
现在完成时构成
例句
leave
be away from
have/has been away from
She has been away from home for a week.(她离开家已经一周了。)
buy
have
have/has had
He has had the bike for three years.(他买这辆自行车已经三年了。)
open
be open
have/has been open
The shop has been open since 9 o'clock.(商店从 9 点就开门了。)
close
be closed
have/has been closed
The library has been closed for two days.(图书馆已经闭馆两天了。)
borrow
keep
have/has kept
I have kept the book for a month.(这本书我借了一个月了。)
come/go/arrive
be in/at
have/has been in/at
They have been in Beijing for five days.(他们来北京已经五天了。)
marry
be married
have/has been married
They have been married for ten years.(他们结婚已经十年了。)
join
be a member of
have/has been a member of
She has been a member of the club since 2019.(自从 2019 年她就是这个俱乐部的成员了。)
begin/start
be on
have/has been on
The film has been on for ten minutes.(电影已经开始十分钟了。)
4. 练习题
1. —Where is your father? —He ______ to Beijing. He will be back in three days.(用 have/has been to 或 have/has gone to 填空)
2. She __________ (live) in this town since she was born.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
3. He __________ (buy) the car for five years.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
4. —______ you ever __________ (be) to Shanghai? —Yes, I __________ (go) there last year.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
5. The meeting __________ (begin) ten minutes ago. We have been waiting for it for ten minutes.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
6. He __________ (not see) his friend for a long time.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
12 / 14乐思英语
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