Unit2语法之一般过去时的被动语态2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

Unit2语法之一般过去时的被动语态 引入：观察下列三组句子，对比主动语态与被动语态的差异 They built a new library in our school last year. A new library was built in our school last year. The teacher praised Lily for her excellent composition yesterday. Lily was praised by the teacher for her excellent composition yesterday. Workers repaired the old bridge in our town during the holiday. The old bridge was repaired by workers in our town during the holiday. 一般过去时的被动语态的基本结构 结构公式 例句 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者) The letter was sent yesterday. These photos were taken in Paris. 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者) The meeting was not held on time. The books were not returned to the library. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者) Was the film directed by that famous director? Were the desks cleaned by the students? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者) When was the bridge completed? Who were the gifts given to? 主动句变被动句的步骤 1. 找到主动句的宾语，将其作为被动句的主语； 2. 根据被动句主语的人称和数，选择对应的 was（主语为单数 / 不可数名词）或 were（主语为复数）； 3. 把主动句的谓语动词变为过去分词形式； 4. 主动句的主语若需保留，放在 by 后面（执行者不明确、不重要时，可省略 by 短语）。 例：People invited many experts to the conference.（主动：人们邀请了许多专家参加会议） → Many experts were invited (by people) to the conference.（被动：许多专家被邀请参加会议） 即时训练：请按照步骤将下列主动句转换为被动句 1. 主动句：She wrote three stories last month. 被动句：______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 主动句：The workers repaired the road last winter. 被动句：______________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 主动句：Teachers praised him for his excellent performance. 被动句：______________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 主动句：They didn’t allow smoking in the hall. 被动句：______________________________________________________________________________________________ 常见易错点 1. be 动词误用：混淆 was/were 的主谓一致，单数主语（he/she/it/ 单数名词 / 不可数名词）用 was，复数主语（we/you/they/ 复数名词）用 were。 ❌ 错误：The flowers was watered this morning. ✅ 正确：The flowers were watered this morning. 2. 动词过去分词记错：不规则动词的过去分词是核心考点（如 see-seen, take-taken, do-done），需单独记忆，避免与过去式混淆。 ❌ 错误：The window was break by a stone. ✅ 正确：The window was broken by a stone. 3. 遗漏 by 短语的合理场景：当动作执行者明确且需要强调时，必须加 by；执行者未知或不重要时，直接省略。 例：His bike was stolen last night.（无需说 “被某人偷了”，执行者未知） 4. 不及物动词无被动语态：如 happen, take place, appear, disappear 等，不能用于被动结构。 ❌ 错误：A big accident was happened on the highway yesterday. ✅ 正确：A big accident happened on the highway yesterday. 例题1 — How did you get the concert ticket? — My cousin ______ it to me as a birthday gift last weekend. A. gives B. gave C. was given D. is giving 思路解析：定时态--定语态 定时态：题干中出现明确过去时间标志词“last weekend”（上周末） 定语态：动作“给（ticket）”的执行者是“my cousin”（我表哥），承受者是“it（ticket）”，题干强调“表哥主动给我票”的动作执行者和过去事实，故确定考查一般过去时主动语态 例题2 — Why didn’t you see the concert last weekend? — Because all the tickets ______ out before I could buy them. A. give B. gave C. were given D. have given 思路解析：定时态--定语态 定时态：时间标志词“last weekend”（上周末）表明动作发生在过去； 定语态：主语“all the tickets”（所有门票）是动作“give out”（分发、售罄）的承受者，动作执行者是“售票方”（未知且不重要），需用被动语态，故确定考查一般过去时被动语态。 即时训练：请用括号内的动词的正确形式填空 1. The famous painting __________________ (steal) from the museum last night. 2. A new library ______________________ (build) in our town last year. 3. All the problems __________________ (solve) by the clever students in 10 minutes. 4. The sports meeting ______________________ (cancel) because of the heavy rain. 5. The little boy __________________ (take) to the hospital by his parents just now. 6. These books __________________ (give) to the poor children last month. 7. My homework ______________________ (check) by the teacher this morning. 8. A new song ______________________ (write) by the singer for his fans last week. 9. The classroom ______________________ (clean) by the students before they left. 10. The old bridge __________________ (repair) by the workers last summer. 巩固练习 一、单项选择 1. The old building ______ down last year to make room for a park. A. pull B. pulled C. was pulled D. is pulled 2. —______ the letter ______ by your father yesterday? —Yes, he posted it in the morning. A. Was; sent B. Is; sent C. Did; send D. Does; send 3. These storybooks ______ to the children in the countryside last month. A. give B. gave C. were given D. are given 4. The sports meeting ______ because of the bad weather last week. A. cancel B. canceled C. was canceled D. is canceled 5. My mother ______ a nice cake for my birthday party last Sunday. A. make B. makes C. made D. has made 6. The little boy ______ his toy car on the floor and broke it yesterday. A. drop B. drops C. is dropping D. dropped 7. This kind of old bike ______ in the small factory ten years ago. A. is made B. made C. was made D. make 8. We ______ a great time at the summer camp in the mountains last month. A. have B. had C. are having D. will have 9. All the new words ______ by our English teacher in class yesterday morning. A. explain B. are explained C. explained D. were explained 10. My father ______ the newspaper carefully after breakfast yesterday. A. read B. reads C. is reading D. has read 11. The broken desk ______ by the workers in our classroom the day before yesterday. A. repair B. is repaired C. was repaired D. repaired 12. They ______ a new bridge across the river near their village last year. A. build B. are building C. will build D. built 13. —When ______ you ______ your old friend at the station? —Last Friday afternoon. A. do; meet B. did; meet C. are; meeting D. will; meet 14. The photos ______ by my brother when we travelled to Beijing last summer. A. take B. are taken C. took D. were taken 15. She ______ an English song for us at the party and we all liked it. A. sing B. sang C. sings D. is singing 16. The classroom ______ by the students before the teacher came this morning. A. clean B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. was cleaned 17. He ______ his homework quickly and went out to play basketball yesterday. A. finish B. finishes C. finished D. is finishing 18. A new movie ______ in this cinema last weekend and many people watched it. A. show B. is shown C. showed D. was shown 19. Many interesting activities ______ in our school during the last Art Festival. A. held B. are held C. were held D. hold 20. Some foreign visitors ______ our school and talked with the students last Monday. A. visit B. visited C. are visiting D. will visit 二、句型转换 1. We finished the project in three weeks. → The project ___________________ in three weeks. 2. My mother bought me a new skirt on my birthday. → A new skirt ___________________ me by my mother on my birthday. 3. They didn’t choose him as the team leader. → He ___________________ as the team leader. 4. The teacher asked the students to hand in their homework before class. → The students ___________________ to hand in their homework before class. 5. Tom wrote a beautiful poem for his sister. → A beautiful poem ___________________ his sister by Tom. 6. People built this old church in the 18th century. → This old church ___________________ in the 18th century. 7. The manager accepted their plan at the meeting. → Their plan ___________________ by the manager at the meeting. 8. We didn’t find the lost key in the garden. → The lost key ___________________ in the garden. 9. She sent an important email to her boss yesterday. → An important email ___________________ her boss by her yesterday. 10. The workers completed the building last month. → The building ___________________ by the workers last month. 三、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1. I __________ (remind) him of the meeting, but he still forgot it. 2. The old house __________ (build) in 1990 and __________ (replace) last year. 3. She __________ (organise) a surprise party for her friend last weekend. 4. The problem __________ (solve) by the teacher with a simple method. 5. They __________ (provide) enough food and water for the homeless people. 6. My bike __________ (steal) when I was shopping in the supermarket. 7. He __________ (interrupt) his teacher three times in yesterday’s class. 8. A new bridge __________ (build) over the river last winter. 9. We __________ (require) to finish the project within two days. 10. She __________ (attach) a photo to her application form yesterday. 11. The little girl __________ (drop) her ice cream and cried loudly. 12. The speech __________ (give) by a famous leader last Monday. 13. He __________ (fail) the exam because he didn’t study hard. 14. The lost dog __________ (find) by a kind villager in the mountains. 15. They _________ (vote) for the new class monitor after the discussion. 16. The story __________ (tell) by my grandmother when I was a child. 17. I __________ (afford) that expensive book because I got my pocket money. 18. The windows __________ (clean) by the students before the class began. 19. She __________ (realise) her mistake and said sorry to us. 20. The trees __________ (plant) by the volunteers on the hill last spring. 四、句子翻译 1. 一场关于爱与成长的讲座在上周五在我们学校礼堂举办。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 在昨天的活动中，各种各样的图书被图书馆提供给学生们。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 我被老师提醒必须要在周五前完成项目。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 一些关于明朝的衣服在上周在博物馆被展示。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 他遗失的钥匙在上周一在操场被找到。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 他的第三本书在上个月被出版了。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 一些旧的衣服和书本被捐赠到贫困地区。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 昨天，学生们被要求为他们的父母做一顿午餐。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 那些在竞赛中取得了一等奖的学生被校长表扬了。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 昨天，一场从学校到森林公园的徒步运动由学生们组织。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit2语法之一般过去时的被动语态 引入：观察下列三组句子，对比主动语态与被动语态的差异 They built a new library in our school last year. A new library was built in our school last year. The teacher praised Lily for her excellent composition yesterday. Lily was praised by the teacher for her excellent composition yesterday. Workers repaired the old bridge in our town during the holiday. The old bridge was repaired by workers in our town during the holiday. 一般过去时的被动语态的基本结构 结构公式 例句 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者) The letter was sent yesterday. These photos were taken in Paris. 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者) The meeting was not held on time. The books were not returned to the library. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者) Was the film directed by that famous director? Were the desks cleaned by the students? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者) When was the bridge completed? Who were the gifts given to? 主动句变被动句的步骤 1. 找到主动句的宾语，将其作为被动句的主语； 2. 根据被动句主语的人称和数，选择对应的 was（主语为单数 / 不可数名词）或 were（主语为复数）； 3. 把主动句的谓语动词变为过去分词形式； 4. 主动句的主语若需保留，放在 by 后面（执行者不明确、不重要时，可省略 by 短语）。 例：People invited many experts to the conference.（主动：人们邀请了许多专家参加会议） → Many experts were invited (by people) to the conference.（被动：许多专家被邀请参加会议） 即时训练：请按照步骤将下列主动句转换为被动句 1. 主动句：She wrote three stories last month. 被动句：______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 主动句：The workers repaired the road last winter. 被动句：______________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 主动句：Teachers praised him for his excellent performance. 被动句：______________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 主动句：They didn’t allow smoking in the hall. 被动句：______________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案： 1. Three stories were written by her last month. 2. The road was repaired by the workers last winter. 3. He was praised by the teachers for his excellent performance. 4. Smoking wasn’t allowed in the hall by them. 常见易错点 1. be 动词误用：混淆 was/were 的主谓一致，单数主语（he/she/it/ 单数名词 / 不可数名词）用 was，复数主语（we/you/they/ 复数名词）用 were。 ❌ 错误：The flowers was watered this morning. ✅ 正确：The flowers were watered this morning. 2. 动词过去分词记错：不规则动词的过去分词是核心考点（如 see-seen, take-taken, do-done），需单独记忆，避免与过去式混淆。 ❌ 错误：The window was break by a stone. ✅ 正确：The window was broken by a stone. 3. 遗漏 by 短语的合理场景：当动作执行者明确且需要强调时，必须加 by；执行者未知或不重要时，直接省略。 例：His bike was stolen last night.（无需说 “被某人偷了”，执行者未知） 4. 不及物动词无被动语态：如 happen, take place, appear, disappear 等，不能用于被动结构。 ❌ 错误：A big accident was happened on the highway yesterday. ✅ 正确：A big accident happened on the highway yesterday. 例题1 — How did you get the concert ticket? — My cousin ______ it to me as a birthday gift last weekend. A. gives B. gave C. was given D. is giving 思路解析：定时态--定语态 定时态：题干中出现明确过去时间标志词“last weekend”（上周末） 定语态：动作“给（ticket）”的执行者是“my cousin”（我表哥），承受者是“it（ticket）”，题干强调“表哥主动给我票”的动作执行者和过去事实，故确定考查一般过去时主动语态 例题2 — Why didn’t you see the concert last weekend? — Because all the tickets ______ out before I could buy them. A. give B. gave C. were given D. have given 思路解析：定时态--定语态 定时态：时间标志词“last weekend”（上周末）表明动作发生在过去； 定语态：主语“all the tickets”（所有门票）是动作“give out”（分发、售罄）的承受者，动作执行者是“售票方”（未知且不重要），需用被动语态，故确定考查一般过去时被动语态。 即时训练：请用括号内的动词的正确形式填空 1. The famous painting __________________ (steal) from the museum last night. 2. A new library ______________________ (build) in our town last year. 3. All the problems __________________ (solve) by the clever students in 10 minutes. 4. The sports meeting ______________________ (cancel) because of the heavy rain. 5. The little boy __________________ (take) to the hospital by his parents just now. 6. These books __________________ (give) to the poor children last month. 7. My homework ______________________ (check) by the teacher this morning. 8. A new song ______________________ (write) by the singer for his fans last week. 9. The classroom ______________________ (clean) by the students before they left. 10. The old bridge __________________ (repair) by the workers last summer. 答案： 1. was stolen 2. was built 3. were solved 4. was canceled/cancelled 5. was taken 6. were given 7. was checked 8. was written 9. was cleaned 10. was repaired 巩固练习 一、单项选择 1. The old building ______ down last year to make room for a park. A. pull B. pulled C. was pulled D. is pulled 2. —______ the letter ______ by your father yesterday? —Yes, he posted it in the morning. A. Was; sent B. Is; sent C. Did; send D. Does; send 3. These storybooks ______ to the children in the countryside last month. A. give B. gave C. were given D. are given 4. The sports meeting ______ because of the bad weather last week. A. cancel B. canceled C. was canceled D. is canceled 5. My mother ______ a nice cake for my birthday party last Sunday. A. make B. makes C. made D. has made 6. The little boy ______ his toy car on the floor and broke it yesterday. A. drop B. drops C. is dropping D. dropped 7. This kind of old bike ______ in the small factory ten years ago. A. is made B. made C. was made D. make 8. We ______ a great time at the summer camp in the mountains last month. A. have B. had C. are having D. will have 9. All the new words ______ by our English teacher in class yesterday morning. A. explain B. are explained C. explained D. were explained 10. My father ______ the newspaper carefully after breakfast yesterday. A. read B. reads C. is reading D. has read 11. The broken desk ______ by the workers in our classroom the day before yesterday. A. repair B. is repaired C. was repaired D. repaired 12. They ______ a new bridge across the river near their village last year. A. build B. are building C. will build D. built 13. —When ______ you ______ your old friend at the station? —Last Friday afternoon. A. do; meet B. did; meet C. are; meeting D. will; meet 14. The photos ______ by my brother when we travelled to Beijing last summer. A. take B. are taken C. took D. were taken 15. She ______ an English song for us at the party and we all liked it. A. sing B. sang C. sings D. is singing 16. The classroom ______ by the students before the teacher came this morning. A. clean B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. was cleaned 17. He ______ his homework quickly and went out to play basketball yesterday. A. finish B. finishes C. finished D. is finishing 18. A new movie ______ in this cinema last weekend and many people watched it. A. show B. is shown C. showed D. was shown 19. Many interesting activities ______ in our school during the last Art Festival. A. held B. are held C. were held D. hold 20. Some foreign visitors ______ our school and talked with the students last Monday. A. visit B. visited C. are visiting D. will visit 答案 1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.C6.D 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.D 15.B16.D 17.C 18.D 19.C 20.A 二、句型转换 1. We finished the project in three weeks. → The project ___________________ in three weeks. 2. My mother bought me a new skirt on my birthday. → A new skirt ___________________ me by my mother on my birthday. 3. They didn’t choose him as the team leader. → He ___________________ as the team leader. 4. The teacher asked the students to hand in their homework before class. → The students ___________________ to hand in their homework before class. 5. Tom wrote a beautiful poem for his sister. → A beautiful poem ___________________ his sister by Tom. 6. People built this old church in the 18th century. → This old church ___________________ in the 18th century. 7. The manager accepted their plan at the meeting. → Their plan ___________________ by the manager at the meeting. 8. We didn’t find the lost key in the garden. → The lost key ___________________ in the garden. 9. She sent an important email to her boss yesterday. → An important email ___________________ her boss by her yesterday. 10. The workers completed the building last month. → The building ___________________ by the workers last month. 答案： 1. was finished2. was bought for3. wasn't chosen4. were asked5. was written for 6. was built7. was accepted8. wasn't found9. was sent to10. was completed 三、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1. I __________ (remind) him of the meeting, but he still forgot it. 2. The old house __________ (build) in 1990 and __________ (replace) last year. 3. She __________ (organise) a surprise party for her friend last weekend. 4. The problem __________ (solve) by the teacher with a simple method. 5. They __________ (provide) enough food and water for the homeless people. 6. My bike __________ (steal) when I was shopping in the supermarket. 7. He __________ (interrupt) his teacher three times in yesterday’s class. 8. A new bridge __________ (build) over the river last winter. 9. We __________ (require) to finish the project within two days. 10. She __________ (attach) a photo to her application form yesterday. 11. The little girl __________ (drop) her ice cream and cried loudly. 12. The speech __________ (give) by a famous leader last Monday. 13. He __________ (fail) the exam because he didn’t study hard. 14. The lost dog __________ (find) by a kind villager in the mountains. 15. They _________ (vote) for the new class monitor after the discussion. 16. The story __________ (tell) by my grandmother when I was a child. 17. I __________ (afford) that expensive book because I got my pocket money. 18. The windows __________ (clean) by the students before the class began. 19. She __________ (realise) her mistake and said sorry to us. 20. The trees __________ (plant) by the volunteers on the hill last spring. 答案： 1. reminded2. was built; was replaced3. organised4. was solved5. provided 6. was stolen7. interrupted8. was built9. were required10. attached 11. dropped12. was given13. failed14. was found15. voted 16. was told17. afforded18. were cleaned19. realised20. were planted 四、句子翻译 1. 一场关于爱与成长的讲座在上周五在我们学校礼堂举办。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 在昨天的活动中，各种各样的图书被图书馆提供给学生们。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 我被老师提醒必须要在周五前完成项目。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 一些关于明朝的衣服在上周在博物馆被展示。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 他遗失的钥匙在上周一在操场被找到。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 他的第三本书在上个月被出版了。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 一些旧的衣服和书本被捐赠到贫困地区。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 昨天，学生们被要求为他们的父母做一顿午餐。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 那些在竞赛中取得了一等奖的学生被校长表扬了。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 昨天，一场从学校到森林公园的徒步运动由学生们组织。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案 1. A lecture about love and growth was held in our school hall last Friday. 2. All kinds of books were provided to the students by the library in yesterday’s activity. 3. I was reminded by the teacher that I had to finish the project before Friday. 4. Some clothes from the Ming Dynasty were shown in the museum last week. 5. His lost key was found on the playground last Monday. 6. His third book was published last month. 7. Some old clothes and books were donated to the poor areas. 8. The students were asked to cook a lunch for their parents yesterday. 9. The students who won the first prize in the competition were praised by the headmaster. 10. A hiking trip from the school to the forest park was organised by the students yesterday. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $