Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World重点单词变形，语法，短语，句型练习-2025-2026学年高一英语译林版必修第三册

Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 单词变形 1．broad adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的→broadly adv.广泛地 2．intend vi.&vt.想要，计划；意指→intention n．打算 3．trial n．试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi.&vt.测试，试验→try v．尝试 4．limited adj.有限的→limit n．& vt.限制 5．container n．容器；集装箱，货柜→contain vt.包含 6．beneficial adj.有益的，有用的→benefit n．益处 vt.对……有益处 7．illustrate vt.说明，解释；加插图于→illustration n．图解，图示 8．surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．周围的事物 9．indicate vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出→indication n．表明；暗示 10．intelligent adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．才智 11．favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n．帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→favorable adj.赞成的；讨人喜欢的 12．politician n．政治家，从政者；投机钻营者→politics n．政治→political adj.政治的 13．electricity n．电，电能→electric adj.电的，发电的，电动的 14．scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家 15．moral adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n．品行，道德；寓意→immoral adj.不道德的 16．apply vt.&vi.应用；申请；涂；有关→application n．申请；应用→applicant n．申请人 17．ignorance n．无知→ignorant adj.不了解的，无知的；无礼的→ignore vt.忽视；不理睬 18．freedom n．自由→free adj.自由的；免费的→freely adv.自由地 19．permit vt.&vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能→permission n．允许，许可 20．responsibility n．责任，负责；职责，义务→responsible adj.负责任的 21．nationality n．国籍；民族→national adj.国家的；民族的→nation n．国家；民族 22．marriage n．结婚，婚姻；已婚状态→marry v．结婚 一、单句语法填空 1．Deeply (attach) to his hometown, he visits his family and never misses the local festivals. 【答案】attached 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他深爱着自己的家乡，所以经常回家看望家人，也从不错过当地的节日。be attached to是固定短语，意为“喜爱，依恋”，空处在句中作非谓语，把be去掉即可。故填attached。 2．Only by undertaking the analysis of the data can you draw a (science) conclusion. 【答案】scientific 【详解】考查形容词。句意：只有对数据进行分析，才能得出科学的结论。修饰后文名词conclusion，应用形容词scientific，作定语。故填scientific。 3．Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is (moral) acceptable. 【答案】morally 【详解】考查副词。句意：设计师Jennifer Anderson承认，她花了一段时间才意识到，在她的作品中使用海狸鼠的皮毛在道德上是可以接受的。修饰形容词acceptable要用副词。故填morally。 4．Do you know how many (province) are there in China in total? 【答案】provinces 【详解】考查名词。句意：你知道中国总共有多少个省吗？空处在there be句型中作主语，province为可数名词，根据后文are可知应用复数。故填provinces。 5．The charity is run on a (pure) voluntary basis so all workers work there for free. 【答案】purely 【详解】考查副词。句意：这个慈善机构纯粹是自愿的，所以所有的工人都在那里免费工作。修饰形容词voluntary应用副词作状语。副词purely意为“纯粹地”。故填purely。 6．I treasure this as a good chance to (broad) my mind as well as improve my spoken English. 【答案】broaden 【详解】考查动词。句意：我很珍惜这次机会，因为这是一个拓宽我的思维和提高我的英语口语的好机会。根据句意表示“拓宽”，可知应用动词broaden，且上文为短语a chance to do sth.，表示“做某事的机会”，不定式作定语，应填原形。故填broaden。 7．As our time is (limit), I suggest that we shorten our meeting time to 15 minutes. 【答案】limited 【详解】考查形容词。句意：因为我们时间有限，我建议我们应该将会议缩短到15分钟。根据句子结构可知，此处应填形容词，作表语，表示“有限的”。故填limited。 8．If the food is kept in a covered (contain) in the fridge, it will surely last a longer period of time. 【答案】container 【详解】考查名词。句意：如果把食物放在有盖的容器里，放在冰箱里，它肯定能保存更长的时间。在冠词a后应用名词作介词in的宾语，形容词covered修饰名词。名词container意为“容器”。故填container。 9．Making a full-length clay(黏土) figure would not exhaust my strength—and that is what I intend (do)! 【答案】to do 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：做一个完整的泥人不会耗尽我的力气——这就是我打算做的。此处为短语intend to do sth.，“打算做某事”，后跟不定式作宾语。故填to do。 10． (bury) deep down in the earth for thousands of years, the dead forest rotted away and became coal. 【答案】Buried 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被深埋在地下几千年，死掉的森林枯萎腐烂最终变成了煤炭。分析句子可知，逗号隔开的两个句子中，后句成分完整，前句缺少主语，由句意推知这里bury的主语就是主句的主语the dead forest，考虑非谓语动词作状语，而bury与forest之间是动宾关系（森林被埋在地下），应使用过去分词形式。故填Buried。 11．The skill of papermaking, (recognize) as a national treasure, has also proven to be an international one. 【答案】recognized 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：造纸术被认为是国宝，它也被证实是国际的宝藏。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处使用非谓语动词作后置定语，The skill of papermaking与recognize是动宾关系。故用过去分词表被动，故填recognized。 12．The slaves had no (free) and even their lives were at the mercy of the slave owners. 【答案】freedom 【详解】考查名词。句意：奴隶没有自由，甚至他们的生命都在奴隶主的支配下。 空处作宾语，表示“自由”应用名词freedom，表抽象概念不可数。故填freedom。 13．As the saying goes, one discovers his (ignorant) only through learning. 【答案】ignorance 【详解】考查名词。句意：俗话说，只有通过学习，一个人才能发现自己的无知。 该空作discovers的宾语，用名词，ignorance是不可数名词。故填ignorance。 14．The couple will hold a party to celebrate their (marry) anniversary tomorrow. 【答案】marriage 【详解】考查名词。句意：这对夫妇明天将开派对庆祝他们的结婚纪念日。根据their可知，空处为marry的名词marriage，表示单数。故填marriage。 15．Please permit me (offer) you my sincere congratulations on your success. 【答案】to offer 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：请允许我对你的成功表示衷心的祝贺。permit sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，符合句意，所以此空用动词不定式作宾语补足语，故填to offer。 16．Swimming is one of Mr Wang’s (favour) hobbies in his spare time. 【答案】favourite 【详解】考查形容词。句意：游泳是王先生业余时间最喜欢的爱好之一。根据后文名词hobbies可知，此处应用favour的形容词形式favourite作定语修饰名词。故填favourite。 17．Our government has taken some measures to overcome the lack of (electric). 【答案】electricity 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们的政府已经采取了一些措施来解决电力短缺的问题。根据前文介词of可知，此处应用electric的名词形式electricity作介词宾语，electricity是不可数名词。故填electricity。 18． (surround) by the enemy on all sides, they had no alternative but to give in. 【答案】Surrounded 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：他们四面被敌人包围，只好投降。分析句子可知，they 与surround在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Surrounded。 19．As we all know, metal is a good (conduct) . 【答案】conductor 【详解】考查名词。句意：众所周知，金属是良导体。分析句子成分可知，“a good  ________  (conduct)”作表语，根据其前的冠词a可知，应用单数形式，意为“导体”，故填conductor。 20．Keeping a balanced diet and taking enough exercise is (benefit ) to our health. 【答案】beneficial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：保持均衡的饮食和足够的运动对我们的健康是有益的。 该空作be动词后的表语，用形容词，be beneficial to有益于，该短语是固定短语，所以填beneficial。 21．A (dead) disease spread in this area, leaving many deaths. 【答案】deadly 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一种致命的疾病在这个地区蔓延，造成许多人死亡。修饰后文名词，应用形容词deadly，作定语，表示“致命的”。故填deadly。 22．It is thought that his (survive ) of the airplane crash is a miracle. 【答案】survival 【详解】考查名词。句意：人们认为他能在这场飞机坠毁中幸存是一个奇迹。根据形容词性物主代词后用名词，可知用名词survival，表抽象意义，不可数，故填survival。 23．Artificial (intelligent) may work faster than a mathematician. 【答案】intelligence 【详解】考查名词。句意：人工智能可能比数学家工作得更快。空处作主语，表示“人工智能”短语为artificial intelligence。故填intelligence。 24．The newspaper (publish) twice weekly . 【答案】is published 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：报纸每周出版两期。空白处在句中为谓语，结合句中weekly，所以此处的时态为一般现在时；句子主语the newspaper与动词publish为动宾关系，所以此处要用被动。故填is published。 25．When I entered, he was on the phone. He nodded at me, (indicate) that I took a seat. 【答案】indicating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我进去时，他正在打电话。他向我点点头，示意我坐下。分析句子结构可知，空处作句子的状语，逻辑主语He与indicate构成逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词。故填：indicating。 二、单词拼写 26．Millions of people were left without water, food, or (电). 【答案】electricity 【详解】考查名词。句意：数百万人没有水、食物和电。与“ water, food”并列作without宾语，“电”是electricity，是不可数名词，故填electricity。 27．With the help of my teacher, I finished the (实验) in the end. 【答案】experiment 【详解】考查名词。句意：在我的老师的帮助下，我最后完成了实验。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处为名词experiment，作宾语，指的是一个特定的实验，应用单数形式。故填experiment。 28．I took part in a (生存) skill training programme last weekend. 【答案】survival 【详解】考查名词。句意：上周末我参加了一个生存技能培训项目。此处为名词作定语修饰名词skill，根据提示的汉语，表示“生存”应为survival，为不可数名词，且作定语，所以此处使用survival。故填survival。 29．Please write down your name and (国籍) on this card. 【答案】nationality 【详解】考查名词。句意：请在这张卡片上写下你的姓名和国籍。根据汉语提示可知，nationality“国籍”，可数名词，结合“name”可知此处是一个人的国籍，使用名词单数，作宾语，故填nationality。 30．He used funds and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child that the British government required. (捐赠) 【答案】donated 【详解】考查动词。句意：他用捐赠的资金和自己的钱支付了英国政府要求的每个孩子50英镑的费用。本空用动词donate“捐赠”，本句谓语为used，此处为非谓语动词，且funds与donate为被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填donated。 31．By the time I saw the job advertised, it was already too late to (申请). 【答案】apply 【详解】考查动词。句意：当我看到这份工作广告的时候，已经来不及申请了。too...to...“太……而不能……”，to后接动词原形。根据汉语提示可知，空处应用表示“申请”的动词原形apply。故填apply。 32．The inspector (宣称) the meat fit for human consumption. 【答案】declared 【详解】考查动词。句意：检查员宣称这块肉适合人类食用。根据汉语提示可知，declare“宣称”，动词，句子是描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，故填declared。 33．The United Nations has used its (权力) to restore peace in the area. 【答案】authority 【详解】考查名词。句意：联合国已经运用其权力来恢复该地区的和平。根据汉语提示及空前its可知，空处应填表示“权力”的名词authority，作宾语。故填authority。 34．In the survey, a majority of people (较喜欢) higher taxes and better public services over tax cuts. 【答案】favoured 【详解】考查动词和一般过去时。句意：在调查中，大多数人支持增税和改善公共服务，而不是减税。表示“较喜欢”应用动词favour，根据“In the survey”可知，此处可理解为描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填favoured。 35．Over 70,000 people are killed or seriously injured every year in road (事故). 【答案】accidents 【详解】考查名词和可数名词的单复数。句意：每年有7万多人在道路交通事故中死亡或重伤。表示“事故”应用名词accident作宾语，accident为可数名词，此处应用复数形式表示多数。故填accidents。 36．The red sky at night (表明) that the following day will be fine. 【答案】indicates 【详解】考查动词。句意：夜晚的红色天空预示着第二天会是晴天。根据汉语提示可知，indicate“表明”，动词，主句是描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，主语sky表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数，故填indicates。 37．Theodore Roosevelt was a strong and energetic (政治家). 【答案】politician 【详解】考查名词。句意：西奥多·罗斯福是一位强有力的、精力充沛的政治家。此处表示“政治家”应用名词politician作表语，由a可知应用名词单数。故填politician。 38．As we all know, (婚姻) should be based on an equal relationship. 【答案】marriage 【详解】考查名词。句意：众所周知，婚姻应该建立在平等的基础上。“婚姻”应用名词marriage，作句子主语，符合题意。故填marriage。 39．I felt embarrassed by my complete (无知) of world history when asked a related question in class. 【答案】ignorance 【详解】考查名词。句意：当我在课堂上被问到一个相关的问题时，我对世界历史一无所知，感到很尴尬。此处为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语，表示“无知”应为ignorance，且为不可数名词。故填ignorance。 40．His new book has been (出版),  promising to be the best-seller of the year. 【答案】published 【详解】考查动词。句意：他的新书已经出版，有望成为本年度的畅销书。根据汉语提示“出版”，应填入动词 publish，book 与 publish 之间是被动关系，此处是现在完成时的被动语态，故填 published 。 三、完成句子 41．可以查阅这本历史书，如果你想弄清楚该事件发生的具体的日期。 The book can be if you want to find out the exact date of the event. 【答案】 referred to 【详解】考查固定短语、含情态动词的被动语态。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“查阅”，用固定短语refer to，与主语The book为被动关系，用过去分词，与空前的can be构成含情态动词的被动语态。故填referred to。 42．他想当然地认为自己能通过考试，但让他惊讶的是，他挂科了。 He just that he would pass the exam, but to his surprise, he failed it. 【答案】 took it for granted 【详解】考查动词短语。对比中英文可知，空处表示“想当然地认为”，可用动词短语take it for granted表示“把……当成理所当然”，且结合“failed”可知，此处叙述过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，take应用过去式的形式。故填①took；②it；③for；④granted。 43．给予了有效的关注，失业率已经减少。 concern, the unemployment rate has been reduced. 【答案】Given effective 【详解】考查非谓语动词。分析句子，句中has been reduced为谓语，设空处使用非谓语动词。表示“给予有效的关注”用give effective concern，此处the unemployment rate与give之间是被动关系，give使用过去分词形式作状语。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Given effective。 44．《教父》被普遍认为是美国有史以来最好的影片之一，是电影界的一个里程碑。 Popularly ________ American films ever made, The Godfather is a milestone of cinema. (regard) 【答案】regarded as one of the best 【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。表示“认为……是……”应用动词短语regard… as…；表示“最好……的之一”应用one of the best+名词复数；分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，The Godfather和regard为逻辑动宾关系，需用regard的过去分词形式。故填regarded as one of the best。 45．不论我怎样努力，还是没法看清他写的字。 However ________, I could not read his handwriting. (try) 【答案】hard/much I (had) tried 【详解】考查让步状语从句。however引导让步状语从句，however是副词，修饰副词或形容词，try hard/much表示“努力尝试”符合句意，从句用倒装句式，应用hard/much I (had) tried，此处可以使用一般过去时，也可以用过去完成时。故填hard/much I (had) tried。 46．当下，何为健康饮食仍众说纷纭。 There is much debate nowadays what a healthy diet. 【答案】 as to makes up 【详解】考查介词和动词短语。根据句子结构，表示“关于”为复合介词as to；表示“为（构成，组成）”为动词短语make up，本句描述现实情况，用一般现在时，宾语从句中主语为what，是单数，主谓一致。故填①as；②to；③makes；④up。 47．在其他地方，人们见面时更喜欢握手，弯腰鞠躬或者点头。 Elsewhere, people shaking hands, the , or nodding the head when they meet someone else. 【答案】 favour bowing from waist 【详解】考查动词、短语、时态和动名词。表示“更喜欢”应用动词favour，作谓语此处表示客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。表示“弯腰鞠躬”应用动词短语bow from the waist，且与空前的shaking hands与nodding the head为并列关系，作favour的宾语，所以此处应使用动名词形式。故填①favour②bowing③from④waist。 48．我发现独自做这个实验很难，因此我急需你的帮助。 alone, so I badly need your help. 【答案】I find it difficult/hard to do the experiment 【详解】考查非谓语动词和it作形式宾语。句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时。对比中英文可知，表示“困难的”应用形容词hard/difficult；表示“做实验”应用动词短语do the experiment。分析句子的结构可知，设空处为“find+宾语+宾补”的结构，其中it为形式宾语，动词不定式为宾补。故填I find it difficult/hard to do the experiment。 49．这本书反映了作者的智慧和经验，因此受到了读者的青睐。 The book reflected , and therefore it received . 【答案】 the author’s wisdom and experience readers’ favour 【详解】考查名词所有格和名词。根据汉语翻译可知，第一空需填“作者的智慧和经验”，第二空需填“读者的青睐”的英语表达，“作者的”用名词所有格表示为the author’s，“智慧和经验”用名词wisdom and experience表示，表示抽象含义，是不可数名词。“读者的”用名词所有格表示为readers’，因为读者不止一个，故用名词复数，“青睐”用名词favour表示，表示抽象含义是不可数名词。故填①the author’s wisdom and experience②readers’ favour。 50．向外国人传播中国传统文化是我们的责任。 traditional Chinese cultures to foreigners. 【答案】It’s our responsibility to spread 【详解】考查it形式主语。“传播”为动词spread，“我们的责任”为our responsibility，it be+名词+to do为固定句型，意为“做某事是……”，it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，该句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，句首单词首字母大写，故填It’s our responsibility to spread。 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。 On April 30th, the United States National Academy of Sciences announced the newly appointed members and foreign associates. A total of 120 members and 30 foreign associates 51 (choose) this time. Tu Youyou, a Nobel laureate, was among those 52 (elect) as a foreign associate. Up to now, the United States National Academy of Sciences 53 (have) 2,662 members and 556 foreign associates. The United States National Academy of Sciences, 54 was founded in 1863, is a non-profit institute. It is one of the top organizations in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine in the United States, boasting well-known scholars and experts from various fields. 55 (be) an academician of the United States National Academy of Sciences is regarded as one of the highest academic honors in the United States. The members of the United States National Academy of Sciences consist of outstanding scientists, engineers, and medical experts selected 56 academicians. Tu Youyou’s election not only reflects her individual great contributions in the medical field 57 shows the international recognition of China’s scientific research achievements. Her discovery of artemisinin has provided a new solution for tackling malaria 58 (globe). It is a remarkable achievement which has benefited 59 (count) people. And this election serves as 60 inspiration for young scientists to pursue excellence in scientific research. 【答案】 51．were chosen 52．elected 53．has had 54．which 55．Being 56．as 57．but 58．globally 59．countless 60．an 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了诺贝尔奖获得者屠呦呦当选为外国院士。 51．考查时态语态。句意：这次共选出120名成员和30名外国院士。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语On April 30th以及上文announced可知，句子应为一般过去时，choose与主语A total of 120 members and 30 foreign associates之间为被动关系，且主语为复数形式。故填were chosen。 52．考查非谓语动词。句意：诺贝尔奖获得者屠呦呦是当选为外国院士的人之一。此处作后置定语修饰those，elect与those之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式。故填elected。 53．考查时态。句意：截至目前，美国国家科学院已有2662名成员和556名外国院士。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语Up to now可知，句子应使用现在完成时，主语the United States National Academy of Sciences为第三人称单数，所以助动词为has。故填has had。 54．考查定语从句。句意：美国国家科学院成立于1863年，是一个非营利机构。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The United States National Academy of Sciences，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故填which。 55．考查非谓语动词。句意：成为美国国家科学院院士被认为是美国最高的学术荣誉之一。此处为句子主语，表示抽象概念“成为……”，所以使用动名词形式，句首单词首字母大写。故填Being。 56．考查介词。句意：美国国家科学院的成员由当选院士的优秀科学家、工程师和医学专家组成。此处表示“被选为……”，应使用固定搭配selected as，所以此处应填介词as。故填as。 57．考查连词。句意：屠呦呦的当选不仅反映了她在医学领域的个人巨大贡献，也表明了国际社会对中国科研成果的认可。此处考查固定搭配not only...but (also)...表示“不但……而且……”，also可省略，所以此处应填连词but。故填but。 58．考查副词。句意：她发现的青蒿素为全球应对疟疾提供了新的解决方案。此处为副词作状语修饰动词短语tackling malaria，globe的副词为globally，意为“全球地”。故填globally。 59．考查形容词。句意：这是一项造福无数人的非凡成就。此处为形容词作定语修饰名词people，count的形容词为countless，意为“无数的”。故填countless。 60．考查冠词。句意：这次当选为年轻科学家追求科研卓越提供了激励。此处表示泛指“一次激励”，应使用不定冠词，且inspiration是以元音音素开头的单词，所以使用不定冠词an。故填an。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Huang Xuhua, called “Father of Nuclear Submarines,” passed away in Feb. 2025. Born in 1926 in Guangdong, he witnessed China’s struggles during foreign invasions, 61 shaped his determination to strengthen the country through science. When China launched its nuclear submarine program in the 1950s, Huang immediately answered the call 62 limited technology and resources. To ensure secrecy, he cut contact with his family for decades, 63 (devote) himself entirely to research. The team faced various 64 (challenge). Their most critical task was achieving underwater stability through repeated trials. After two decades of efforts, China successfully tested its first nuclear submarine in the 1970s, becoming the fifth country 65 (master) this technology. Huang continued advancing submarine systems until his 66 (retire). His 67 (remark) contributions earned him the Medal of the Republic in 2019. Huang’s life teaches us that true progress 68 (require) both wisdom and devotion. Young people should embrace his spirit taking social responsibilities, facing difficulties 69 (brave), and keeping national interests above personal needs. It is only through such dedication 70 we can ensure his pioneering spirit lives on, lighting China’s path towards rejuvenation (复兴). 【答案】 61．which 62．despite 63．devoting 64．challenges 65．to master 66．retirement 67．remarkable 68．requires 69．bravely 70．that 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了被誉为“核潜艇之父”的黄旭华如何通过智慧与毅力，克服重重困难发展中国核潜艇技术，并激励年轻一代继承其精神。 61．考查定语从句。句意：他于1926年出生在广东，目睹了中国在遭受外国侵略时所经历的种种艰难困苦，这使他下定决心要通过科学来增强国家实力。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导。故填which。 62．考查介词。句意：在20世纪50年代中国启动核潜艇项目时，黄立即响应了号召，尽管当时的技术和资源都十分有限。此处表示让步，后跟名词作宾语，用介词despite。故填despite。 63．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保证秘密性，他与家人断绝了联系长达数十年之久，全身心地投入到研究工作中。空处应用非谓语动词，he与devote之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填devoting。 64．考查名词的数。句意：这个团队遇到了各种各样的难题。根据上文various可知为复数。故填challenges。 65．考查非谓语动词。句意：经过二十年的努力，中国在20世纪70年代成功试航了其第一艘核潜艇，从而成为第五个掌握此项技术的国家。当名词前有序数词修饰时，其后用动词不定式作定语，根据空前the fifth country可知，空处应用不定式作后置定语，修饰名词country。故填to master。 66．考查名词。句意：黄先生一直致力于潜艇系统的研发工作，直至退休。作介词的宾语，用名词retirement，不可数。故填retirement。 67．考查形容词。句意：他的杰出贡献使他在2019年获得了共和国勋章。空处修饰名词contributions，应用形容词remarkable作定语，表示“卓越的，非凡的”。故填remarkable。 68．考查时态。句意：黄先生的人生经历告诉我们，真正的进步既需要智慧，也需要奉献。根据上文teaches可知为一般现在时，主语为true progress，谓语用三单形式。故填requires。 69．考查副词。句意：年轻人应当传承他的精神，承担社会责任，勇敢面对困难，并将国家利益置于个人需求之上。修饰动词face用副词bravely。故填bravely。 70．考查强调句。句意：只有通过这样的不懈努力，我们才能确保他的开拓精神得以传承，从而照亮中国走向复兴的道路。此处为强调句：it is+被强调部分+that/who+其他，被强调部分为only through such dedication。故填that。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 单词变形 1．broad adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的→ adv.广泛地 2．intend vi.&vt.想要，计划；意指→ n．打算 3．trial n．试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi.&vt.测试，试验→ v．尝试 4．limited adj.有限的→ n．& vt.限制 5．container n．容器；集装箱，货柜→ vt.包含 6．beneficial adj.有益的，有用的→ n．益处 vt.对……有益处 7．illustrate vt.说明，解释；加插图于→ n．图解，图示 8．surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关→ adj.周围的→ n．周围的事物 9．indicate vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出→ n．表明；暗示 10．intelligent adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→ n．才智 11．favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n．帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→ adj.赞成的；讨人喜欢的 12．politician n．政治家，从政者；投机钻营者→ n．政治→ adj.政治的 13．electricity n．电，电能→ adj.电的，发电的，电动的 14．scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的→ n．科学→ n．科学家 15．moral adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n．品行，道德；寓意→ adj.不道德的 16．apply vt.&vi.应用；申请；涂；有关→ n．申请；应用→ n．申请人 17． ignorance n．无知→ adj.不了解的，无知的；无礼的→ vt.忽视；不理睬 18．freedom n．自由→free adj.自由的；免费的→ adv.自由地 19．permit vt.&vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能→ n．允许，许可 20．responsibility n．责任，负责；职责，义务→ adj.负责任的 21．nationality n．国籍；民族→ adj.国家的；民族的→ n．国家；民族 22．marriage n．结婚，婚姻；已婚状态→ v．结婚 一、单句语法填空 1．Deeply (attach) to his hometown, he visits his family and never misses the local festivals. 2．Only by undertaking the analysis of the data can you draw a (science) conclusion. 3．Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is (moral) acceptable. 4．Do you know how many (province) are there in China in total? 5．The charity is run on a (pure) voluntary basis so all workers work there for free. 6．I treasure this as a good chance to (broad) my mind as well as improve my spoken English. 7．As our time is (limit), I suggest that we shorten our meeting time to 15 minutes. 8．If the food is kept in a covered (contain) in the fridge, it will surely last a longer period of time. 9．Making a full-length clay(黏土) figure would not exhaust my strength—and that is what I intend (do)! 10． (bury) deep down in the earth for thousands of years, the dead forest rotted away and became coal. 11．The skill of papermaking, (recognize) as a national treasure, has also proven to be an international one. 12．The slaves had no (free) and even their lives were at the mercy of the slave owners. 13．As the saying goes, one discovers his (ignorant) only through learning. 14．The couple will hold a party to celebrate their (marry) anniversary tomorrow. 15．Please permit me (offer) you my sincere congratulations on your success. 16．Swimming is one of Mr Wang’s (favour) hobbies in his spare time. 17．Our government has taken some measures to overcome the lack of (electric). 18． (surround) by the enemy on all sides, they had no alternative but to give in. 19．As we all know, metal is a good (conduct) . 20．Keeping a balanced diet and taking enough exercise is (benefit ) to our health. 21．A (dead) disease spread in this area, leaving many deaths. 22．It is thought that his (survive ) of the airplane crash is a miracle. 23．Artificial (intelligent) may work faster than a mathematician. 24．The newspaper (publish) twice weekly . 25．When I entered, he was on the phone. He nodded at me, (indicate) that I took a seat. 二、单词拼写 26．Millions of people were left without water, food, or (电). 27．With the help of my teacher, I finished the (实验) in the end. 28．I took part in a (生存) skill training programme last weekend. 29．Please write down your name and (国籍) on this card. 30．He used funds and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child that the British government required. (捐赠) 31．By the time I saw the job advertised, it was already too late to (申请). 32．The inspector (宣称) the meat fit for human consumption. 33．The United Nations has used its (权力) to restore peace in the area. 34．In the survey, a majority of people (较喜欢) higher taxes and better public services over tax cuts. 35．Over 70,000 people are killed or seriously injured every year in road (事故). 36．The red sky at night (表明) that the following day will be fine. 37．Theodore Roosevelt was a strong and energetic (政治家). 38．As we all know, (婚姻) should be based on an equal relationship. 39．I felt embarrassed by my complete (无知) of world history when asked a related question in class. 40．His new book has been (出版),  promising to be the best-seller of the year. 三、完成句子 41．可以查阅这本历史书，如果你想弄清楚该事件发生的具体的日期。 The book can be if you want to find out the exact date of the event. 42．他想当然地认为自己能通过考试，但让他惊讶的是，他挂科了。 He just that he would pass the exam, but to his surprise, he failed it. 43．给予了有效的关注，失业率已经减少。 concern, the unemployment rate has been reduced. 44．《教父》被普遍认为是美国有史以来最好的影片之一，是电影界的一个里程碑。 Popularly ________ American films ever made, The Godfather is a milestone of cinema. (regard) 45．不论我怎样努力，还是没法看清他写的字。 However ________, I could not read his handwriting. (try) 46．当下，何为健康饮食仍众说纷纭。 There is much debate nowadays what a healthy diet. 47．在其他地方，人们见面时更喜欢握手，弯腰鞠躬或者点头。 Elsewhere, people shaking hands, the , or nodding the head when they meet someone else. 48．我发现独自做这个实验很难，因此我急需你的帮助。 alone, so I badly need your help. 49．这本书反映了作者的智慧和经验，因此受到了读者的青睐。 The book reflected , and therefore it received . 50．向外国人传播中国传统文化是我们的责任。 traditional Chinese cultures to foreigners. On April 30th, the United States National Academy of Sciences announced the newly appointed members and foreign associates. A total of 120 members and 30 foreign associates 51 (choose) this time. Tu Youyou, a Nobel laureate, was among those 52 (elect) as a foreign associate. Up to now, the United States National Academy of Sciences 53 (have) 2,662 members and 556 foreign associates. The United States National Academy of Sciences, 54 was founded in 1863, is a non-profit institute. It is one of the top organizations in the fields of science, engineering, and medicine in the United States, boasting well-known scholars and experts from various fields. 55 (be) an academician of the United States National Academy of Sciences is regarded as one of the highest academic honors in the United States. The members of the United States National Academy of Sciences consist of outstanding scientists, engineers, and medical experts selected 56 academicians. Tu Youyou’s election not only reflects her individual great contributions in the medical field 57 shows the international recognition of China’s scientific research achievements. Her discovery of artemisinin has provided a new solution for tackling malaria 58 (globe). It is a remarkable achievement which has benefited 59 (count) people. And this election serves as 60 inspiration for young scientists to pursue excellence in scientific research. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Huang Xuhua, called “Father of Nuclear Submarines,” passed away in Feb. 2025. Born in 1926 in Guangdong, he witnessed China’s struggles during foreign invasions, 61 shaped his determination to strengthen the country through science. When China launched its nuclear submarine program in the 1950s, Huang immediately answered the call 62 limited technology and resources. To ensure secrecy, he cut contact with his family for decades, 63 (devote) himself entirely to research. The team faced various 64 (challenge). Their most critical task was achieving underwater stability through repeated trials. After two decades of efforts, China successfully tested its first nuclear submarine in the 1970s, becoming the fifth country 65 (master) this technology. Huang continued advancing submarine systems until his 66 (retire). His 67 (remark) contributions earned him the Medal of the Republic in 2019. Huang’s life teaches us that true progress 68 (require) both wisdom and devotion. Young people should embrace his spirit taking social responsibilities, facing difficulties 69 (brave), and keeping national interests above personal needs. It is only through such dedication 70 we can ensure his pioneering spirit lives on, lighting China’s path towards rejuvenation (复兴). 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $