Unit 1 Nature in the Balance重点单词变形，语法，短语，句型练习-2025-2026学年高一英语译林版必修第三册

Unit 1 Nature in the Balance 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 单词变形 1．harm n．& vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的 2．region n．地区，区域；行政区→regional adj.地区的 3．length n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→long adj.长的 4．variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→vary v．变化→various adj.多种多样的 5．living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n．生计，谋生；生活方式→live v．活着→lively adj.活泼的 6．survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→survival n．幸存 7．disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n．消失→appear vi.出现 8．agriculture n．农业，农学→agricultural adj.农业的 9．extinction n．灭绝，绝种→extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的 10．global adj.全球的；全面的→globe n．球体 11．application n．应用，运用；申请→apply v．申请；应用 12．organization n．组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→organize vt.组织→organizer n．组织者 13．absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；极其→absolute adj.绝对的；完全的 14．entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地→entire adj.完全的 15．profit n．利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处→profitable adj.有利润的，盈利的 16．defence n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defend vt.保护 17．economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→economy n．经济 18．poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n．毒物，毒药→poisonous adj.有毒的 19．chemical n．化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的→chemistry n．化学 20．consequence n．结果，后果；重要性→consequent adj.随之而来的→consequently adv.结果 21．further adj.更多的，更进一步的 adv.较远，更远；进一步 vt.促进，增进→far adj.&adv.远的→furthest/farthest adj.& adv.最远的/地→farther adj.& adv.更远的/地 一、单句语法填空 1．An increasing number of rare species are in danger of (extinct) due to climate change. 【答案】extinction 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于气候变化，越来越多的珍稀物种面临灭绝的危险。介词of后需用名词作宾语，extinct是形容词，表示“灭绝的”，其名词形式是extinction，表示“灭绝”，符合题意。故填extinction。 2．Seventy-one different (various) of tropical plants were introduced into China last year. 【答案】varieties 【详解】考查名词。句意：去年中国引进了71种不同的热带植物。由Seventy-one different可知，空格处用名词的复数，various的名词是variety，复数是varieties，意为“种类”。故填varieties。 3．The policy (far) promoted the development of local tourism. 【答案】further 【详解】考查副词。句意：这项政策进一步促进了当地旅游业的发展。空处应填副词作状语，修饰动词promoted，far的副词为further，意为“进一步地”。故填further。 4．The number of people living in (poor) has dropped significantly. 【答案】poverty 【详解】考查名词。句意：贫困人口大幅减少。设空处使用poor的名词poverty作宾语，意为“贫困”，其为不可数名词。故填poverty。 5．Although (seat) quietly at the corner, he was actually pondering deeply over the complex problem. 【答案】seated 【详解】考查省略。句意：他虽然静静地坐在角落里，但实际上却在深入思考这个复杂的问题。句中Although _______ (seat) quietly at the corner是状语从句，省略了he was，完整形式为 Although he was seated quietly at the corner，用过去分词 seated 表示状态。故填 seated。 6．We should always remember those soldiers who died in (defend) of our country. 【答案】defence 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们应该永远记住那些为保卫祖国而牺牲的士兵。此处作介词in的宾语，且空后有介词of，应用名词defence“保卫”，作宾语，构成固定搭配in defence of“保卫”。故填defence。 7．You must be (absolute) silent or the birds won’t appear. 【答案】absolutely 【详解】考查副词。句意：你必须绝对安静，否则鸟儿不会出现。空处修饰形容词silent，用副词作状语。故填absolutely。 8．His quick thinking and courage ensured his (survive) in the face of danger. 【答案】survival 【详解】考查名词。句意：他敏捷的思维和勇气确保了他在危险面前能够幸存下来。根据句意以及上文的his，此处需要用名词形式作宾语，survive 的名词形式是survival， 不可数名词，故填survival。 9．It is believed that greenhouse gases are the main causes of (globe) warming. 【答案】global 【详解】考查形容词。句意：人们相信温室气体是造成全球变暖的主要原因。修饰名词warming应用形容词global，作定语。故填global。 10．Why do I measure the (long) of the landmark inside instead of outside? 【答案】length 【详解】考查名词。句意：为什么要测量地标的内部长度而不是外部长度？定冠词the后面接名词，所给词long的名词形式是length，为抽象名词，作动词measure的宾语。故填length。 11．One of the worst of smoking for a long time is that you may suffer from lung cancer. (consequent) 【答案】consequences 【详解】考查名词。句意：长期吸烟最严重的后果之一就是你可能会得肺癌。根据空前的One of the worst可知，本空用consequence“结果”的复数形式。故填consequences。 12．A wedding takes a lot of (organize). 【答案】organization 【详解】考查名词。句意：一场婚礼需要很多组织工作。a lot of 后接名词，organize 的名词形式是 organization。作宾语。故填 organization。 13．I don’t think we have any grounds to expand our business in this bad (economy) climate. 【答案】economic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我认为在这种糟糕的经济环境下，我们没有理由扩大业务。本空用形容词economic。故填economic“经济的”，修饰名词climate，作前置定语。故填：economic。 14．Police are investigating the (disappear) of a young woman. 【答案】disappearance 【详解】考查名词。句意：警方正在调查一位年轻女子的失踪案。冠词后接名词，作动词investigating的宾语，表抽象意义，不可数。故填disappearance。 15．There’s no use (protest). I won’t change my mind. 【答案】protesting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：抗议没有用。我不会改变主意的。固定句型There’s no use doing sth.（做某事没有用），此处用动名词（doing）形式。故填protesting。 16．We continued (track) the plane on our radar. 【答案】tracking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们继续用雷达追踪飞机。根据句意，固定短语continue doing sth. 意为“继续做某事”，动名词doing作宾语，track的动名词形式是tracking。故填tracking。 17．There were (mass) air attacks during the war. 【答案】massive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：战争期间有大规模的空袭。根据空格后的名词短语air attacks可知，此处应用mass的形容词形式massive修饰名词，作定语。故填massive。 18．We are (chief) concerned with improving educational standards. 【答案】chiefly 【详解】考查副词。句意：我们主要关心提高教育水平。短语 be concerned with 意为“关心”，在该句中作谓语，副词chiefly意为“主要地”，修饰谓语are concerned with 作状语。故填chiefly。 19．Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other (resident) and could result in damage to personal property. 【答案】residents 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：不负责任地使用灭火器会给其他居民造成危险，并可能造成个人财产损失。分析可知，此处应用名词作介词for的宾语，根据other可知用名词复数形式。故填residents。 20．It is usually more (profit) to sell direct to the public. 【答案】profitable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：直接向公众销售通常更有利可图。名词 profit意为“利润”，形容词形式为profitable，意为“有利可图的，有利润的”，根据该空前的is more可知，该空应该填形容词profitable，形容词比较级作表语。故填profitable。 21．Since we used the new (recycle) method, a large number of trees have been saved. 【答案】recycling 【详解】考查名词。句意：自从我们采用新的回收方法以来，节省了大量的树木。分析可知，此处应用名词recycling“回收利用”作定语，修饰名词method，recycling method“回收方法”。故填recycling。 22．He was bitten by a (poison) snake and was sent to the hospital immediately. 【答案】poisonous 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他被一条毒蛇咬伤，立即被送往医院。分析句子可知，设空处应填形容词作定语，根据所给词poison再结合句意“有毒的”，因此填入poisonous。故填poisonous。 23．Many (chemist) factories are closed down by the local government, because most of them have done serious harm to the environment. 【答案】chemical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：许多化工厂被当地政府关闭，因为其中大部分对环境造成了严重危害。分析句子可知，设空处应填形容词chemical，修饰factories，作定语。故填chemical。 24．The tree was so big that we had to chop off some of the (branch). 【答案】branches 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：这棵树太大了，我们不得不砍掉一些树枝。根据some of可知后面的可数名词要用复数形式，所给词branch的复数是branches。故填branches。 25． (million) of people are threatened with starvation as a result of drought and poor harvests. 【答案】Millions 【详解】考查数词。句意：由于干旱和可怜的收成，数以百万计的人都被饥饿吓到了。根据所给提示，及空后of 可知，此处应表示“数以百万计的”，与of连用修饰people，故填Millions。 二、单词拼写 26．Only a few people (幸存) the plane crash, which was really a tragic. 【答案】survived 【详解】考查动词。句意：只有少数人在飞机失事中幸存下来，这真是一场悲剧。根据汉语提示“幸存”可知，本空应用动词survive，且句子陈述的是过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故填survived。 27．The flood caused serious (损坏，损失) to the houses along the river, and many families had to be relocated. 【答案】damage 【详解】考查名词。句意：洪水对沿河的房屋造成了严重的损坏，许多家庭不得不搬迁。根据汉语提示“损坏，损失”可知，本空用名词damage，作caused的宾语。故填damage。 28．A (委员会) will be set up to work out a solution to the problem. 【答案】committee 【详解】考查名词。句意：将成立一个委员会来找出解决这个问题的办法。句中用名词作主语。名词“委员会”英文为committee。根据不定冠词a可知，用名词的单数形式。故填committee。 29．Industry and opportunity were the (最重要的) factors in his success. 【答案】chief 【详解】考查形容词。句意：勤奋和机遇是他成功的最重要因素。根据句意和中文提示可知，空处表示“最重要的”应用形容词chief，作定语修饰后面名词factors。故填chief。 30．He had to choose between giving up his job and giving up his principles. He chose the (前者). 【答案】former 【详解】考查名词。句意：他必须在放弃工作和放弃原则之间作出选择。他选择了前者。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处应用名词former，作宾语。故填former。 31．Modern technology has greatly improved efficiency in (农业), leading to higher crop production and more sustainable farming practices. 【答案】agriculture 【详解】考查名词。句意：现代技术大大提高了农业的效率，带来了更高的农作物产量和更可持续的农业实践。根据汉语提示“农业”，以及上文in可知此处应填名词agriculture。故填agriculture。 32．The (长度) of a paragraph depends on the information it includes. 【答案】length 【详解】考查名词。句意：段落的长度取决于它所包含的信息。设空处用于定冠词The之后，应使用名词作主语，表示“长度”用length。故填length。 33．The swimmer won a gold (奖牌) in the Olympic Games. 【答案】medal 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位游泳运动员在奥运会上赢得了一枚金牌。表示“奖牌”用名词medal，作宾语，根据空前不定冠词a可知应用单数形式。故填medal。 34．I’d appreciate it if you could consider my (申请). I’m looking forward to your early reply. 【答案】application 【详解】考查名词。句意：如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。期待您的早日回复。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要名词application“申请”，在句中作宾语。故填application。 35．For more (资料手册) about other package tours around Peru, contact us at tourinfo@travelperu.org. 【答案】brochures 【详解】考查名词。句意：如需获得更多有关秘鲁其他旅游套餐的宣传册，请访问tourinfo@travelperu.org与我们联系。根据汉语提示“资料手册”可知，此处应填名词brochure作宾语，brochure为可数名词，根据more可知，需填名词复数形式。故填brochures。 36．When (说服) to buy something useless, people should keep a clear mind. 【答案】persuaded 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被说服去买一些没用的东西时，人们应该保持清醒的头脑。在状语从句中，当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，构成连词加分词的结构。“说服”为persuade，完整句子为When people are persuded to buy something  useless，省略people are。故答案为persuaded。 37．Prolonged (旱灾) has led to serious desertification. 【答案】drought 【详解】考查名词。句意：长期干旱导致了严重的荒漠化。根据汉语提示“旱灾”以及句子结构可知，此处需要名词drought充当主语，根据谓语部分has led可知，应使用单数形式。故填drought。 38．We call that (地带) the habitable zone. 【答案】belt 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们称那个地带为宜居带。根据汉语提示“地带”以及句子结构可知，此处需要名词belt充当宾语，前面有限定词that，应使用单数形式。故填belt。 39．Many species are dying out because of our destruction of their natural (栖息地). 【答案】habitats 【详解】考查名词。句意：许多物种因为我们破坏了它们的自然栖息地而灭绝。根据汉语提示“栖息地”及空前的their natural可知应填名词的复数形式作宾语。故填habitats。 40．The company is trying to create a young energetic (形象) to attract young people. 【答案】image 【详解】考查名词。句意：该公司正试图创造一个充满活力的年轻形象来吸引年轻人。设空处为名词作宾语，根据前面的a，可知应用单数形式，根据汉语提示和句意，故填image。 三、完成句子 41．像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。 They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same and . 【答案】 currency military defence 【详解】考查名词。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用名词currency(货币)和名词短语military defence(国防)一起作share的宾语。故填①currency；②military；③defence。 42．每年，人们都会举办各种各样的活动庆祝国庆节，从升旗仪式到烟花表演。 Every year, people celebrate the National Day with activities, ranging from the flag-raising to fireworks. 【答案】 various ceremony 【详解】考查形容词和名词。根据句意，第一空表示“各种各样的”应为various作定语修饰名词activities；第二空表示“仪式”应为ceremony，结合句意可知，此处指的是“升旗仪式”，所以使用单数形式作宾语。故填①various②ceremony。 43．我们扔掉了所有的旧玩具。 We       all the old toys. 【答案】 got rid of 【详解】考查动词短语。根据所给中文提示词和英文翻译可知，需翻译部分是“扔掉了”，根据设空为三个，应是固定搭配：get rid of意为“丢弃”，描述已发生的事，用一般过去时。故填①got，②rid，③of。 44．电话系统瘫痪了。 The telephone system has . 【答案】 broken down 【详解】考查动词短语。空处表示“瘫痪”，使用动词短语break down，句子是现在完成时，空处用过去分词，故填①broken②down。 45．反过来，世界和平也有助于运动会的顺利召开。 , world peace will also contribute to the smooth holding of the games. 【答案】In turn 【详解】考查短语。表示“反过来”短语为in turn，首字母大写。故填In turn。 46．将小装饰品用纸包好以防止损坏。 Wrap small ornaments in paper to . 【答案】 prevent them from being damaged 【详解】考查固定短语。动词短语“阻止……做某事”为“prevent...from doing”，动词“损坏”为“damage”，ornaments与damage之间为被动关系，则动名词使用被动形式being done，to后接动词原形为不定式作状语，指代“small ornaments”用them作prevent的宾语，故填prevent them from being damaged。 47．各代表团已经开始逐步增强互相的信任。 The delegations had begun to some trust in one another. 【答案】 build up 【详解】考查短语。“增强”用短语build up 。begin to do sth.开始做某事。根据句意，故填build up。 48．当我一个人在街上走的时候，我听见有人在后边叫我的名字。 , I heard my name called from behind. 【答案】While walking alone in the street 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。根据句中的“当……的时候”可知，这里应用while引导时间状语从句。while引导时间状语从句时，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句中有be动词，那么从句的主语和谓语动词be都可以省略。“一个人”可表示为alone，为副词，修饰动词“走”(walk)；“在街上”可表示为in the street。根据句意，这里表示过去正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，该从句应写为While I was walking alone in the street，省略主语和be动词后为While walking alone in the street。故填While walking alone in the street。 49．由于天气不好，航班被取消了。 The flight was cancelled    bad weather. 【答案】 due to 【详解】考查固定短语。空处表示“由于”，使用固定短语due to，故填①due②to。 50．如今，我们科学家理所当然地认为，生而有所不知是完全有可能的。 Now, we scientists it is perfectly possible to live and not know. 【答案】 take it for granted that 【详解】考查固定搭配和时态。根据汉语提示并结合英文句子，设空处表示“理所当然地认为”，且空后是一个句子，因此应用take it for granted that...短语，it作形式宾语，that引导宾语从句，再根据Now可知，这里应用一般现在时。故填take；it；for；granted；that。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 With people becoming more 51 (worry) about climate (气候) change and environmental problems, the travel industry and governments in Asia are increasingly realizing that it’s necessary 52 (cut) down the carbon emissions (碳排放) caused by tourism. So far low-carbon tourism 53 (become) a popular term among governments, travel companies and a growing number of tourists. They all want to lessen the bad influences of their travel 54 the environment. Adnan Amin, the CEO of COP28, said, “ 55 new development is very important. We should make decarbonization (脱碳) and climate action common in every main business field, 56 (especial) in tourism.” According to the UN Tourism and the International Energy Agency, the tourism industry produces about 8 to 11 percent of the 57 (world) greenhouse gas emissions. So it’s a very important industry for the world to reach net zero. Amin also said, “The emissions from tourism transportation may grow by 25 percent by 2030 58 we take quick action. Because of fast technological development, we now have more ways to make tourism carbon-free.   59 (lower) emissions and achieving sustainable (可持续的) travel are no longer distant dreams, 60 we can now turn into reality. But to really make progress, we need strong international cooperation.” 【答案】 51．worried 52．to cut 53．has become 54．on 55．The 56．especially 57．world’s 58．unless 59．Lowering 60．which 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了亚洲旅游业和政府意识到减少旅游碳排放的必要性及采取的相关措施。 51．考查形容词。句意：随着人们对气候变化和环境问题越来越担忧，亚洲的旅游业和政府越来越意识到，有必要减少旅游业造成的碳排放。根据空前becoming more可知，空处需用形容词作表语；worry的形容词为worried“担忧的”，符合题意。故填worried。 52．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着人们对气候变化和环境问题越来越担忧，亚洲的旅游业和政府越来越意识到，有必要减少旅游业造成的碳排放。It is necessary to do sth.“做某事是必要的”，固定句型，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。故填to cut。 53．考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，低碳旅游已经成为政府、旅游公司和越来越多的游客中的一个流行术语。根据时间状语So far可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态：has/have done，主语为low-carbon tourism，所以此处助动词需用has。故填has become。 54．考查介词。句意：他们都想减轻旅行对环境的负面影响。根据空前lessen the bad influences of their travel和空后the environment可知，此处表示旅行对环境的负面影响，需用介词on，influences of sth. on sth.表示“对……的影响”。故填on。 55．考查冠词。句意：这一新的发展非常重要。此处特指低碳旅游这一新的发展，所以空处需用定冠词the，句首单词，首字母需大写。故填The。 56．考查副词。句意：我们应该使脱碳和气候行动在每一个主要商业领域都变得普遍，特别是在旅游业。空处需用副词作状语修饰空后介词短语in tourism；especial的副词为especially“特别，尤其”，符合题意。故填especially。 57．考查形容词。句意：根据联合国旅游组织和国际能源署的数据，旅游业产生的温室气体排放约占全球的8%至11%。空后为名词短语“greenhouse gas emissions”，需用名词所有格作定语，修饰该短语，the world’s 表示“全球的”。故填world’s。 58．考查连词。句意：阿明还说：“除非我们迅速采取行动，否则到 2030 年，旅游交通的排放量可能会增长 25%。”“采取快速行动”是“排放量不增长 25%” 的前提，空处需用连词unless“除非，如果不”引导条件状语从句，符合逻辑关系。故填unless。 59．考查非谓语动词。句意：降低排放和实现可持续旅行不再是遥远的梦想，我们现在可以将其变为现实。空处需用动名词作主语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Lowering。 60．考查定语从句。句意：降低排放和实现可持续旅行不再是遥远的梦想，我们现在可以将其变为现实。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为distant dreams，指物，且关系词在从句中作turn的宾语，需用关系代词which 引导该从句。故填which。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Stretching across Central China, mainly through Shaanxi Province, the Qinling Mountains form 61 very important natural barrier (屏障). 62 (run) roughly east to west, these mountains act like a huge wall dividing the country geographically and climatically. To the north lies the dry climate and yellow earth of the North China Plain. To the south, the landscape becomes 63 (green) and receives more rainfall, typical of the warmer and wetter regions of South China. This 64 (make) the Qinling Mountains an important natural boundary (界限) between northern and southern China. Because of this 65 (divide), the Qinling Mountains own unbelievably rich biodiversity. It is an important area 66 many rare animals, including the famous Giant Panda, and the Golden Monkey. You can find thick forests covering the hills, home 67 thousands of plant species, some found nowhere else on Earth. Beyond nature, the Qinling Mountains hold deep cultural significance. They have been important throughout Chinese history, featuring ancient cities and inspiring poets and artists for centuries. Towns and villages 68 (locate) in the valleys, and people have lived alongside the mountains for generations. Today, the Qinling Mountains remain a symbol of natural wonder, an amazing ecological area, 69 a source of inspiration for the whole nation. Protecting this unique ecosystem is 70 (extreme) important. 【答案】 61．a 62．Running 63．greener 64．makes 65．division 66．where 67．to 68．are located 69．and 70．extremely 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍秦岭山脉的地理气候分界作用、丰富的生物多样性、深厚的文化意义及保护该生态系统的重要性。 61．考查冠词。句意：秦岭山脉横贯中国中部，主要流经陕西省，形成了一道非常重要的天然屏障。barrier为可数名词单数，空前无限定，所以使用冠词，结合句意，此处泛指“一道非常重要的天然屏障”，且very是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。故填a。 62．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些山脉大致东西走向，像一堵巨大的墙，在地理和气候上划分了中国。此处为非谓语动词，these mountains与run为主动关系，用现在分词running作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Running。 63．考查形容词比较级。句意：在南方，地貌变得更绿，降雨量也更多，这是中国南方温暖湿润地区的典型特征。此处与北方“干燥的气候、黄土地”形成对比，暗含“更绿”的含义，用green的比较级greener。故填greener。 64．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这使得秦岭山脉成为中国南北之间重要的天然分界线。此处为谓语动词，描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语This为单数，所以谓语动词为makes。故填makes。 65．考查名词。句意：由于这种划分，秦岭山脉拥有令人难以置信的丰富生物多样性。此处作介词of的宾语，用divide的名词形式division，意为“划分、分界”，为不可数名词。故填division。 66．考查定语从句。句意：它是许多珍稀动物的重要栖息地，包括著名的大熊猫和金丝猴。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为an important area，指地点，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。 67．考查介词。句意：你可以看到覆盖着山丘的茂密森林，这里是数千种植物的家园，其中一些在地球上其他地方都找不到。此处为固定搭配“home to”，意为“……的家园”，用介词to。故填to。 68．考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：山谷中坐落着城镇和村庄，世代以来人们都与山脉相伴而居。此处为谓语动词，描述客观存在的状态，用一般现在时；且Towns and villages与locate为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are located。 69．考查连词。句意：如今，秦岭山脉仍然是自然奇观的象征，一个令人惊叹的生态区域，也是整个民族的灵感源泉。此处连接“a symbol of natural wonder”、“an amazing ecological area”与“a source of inspiration”三个并列成分，表顺承关系，用连词and。故填and。 70．考查副词。句意：保护这个独特的生态系统极其重要。此处修饰形容词important，用extreme的副词形式extremely，意为“极其、非常”。故填extremely。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Nature in the Balance 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 单词变形 1．harm n．& vt.伤害，损害→ adj.有害的→ adj.无害的 2．region n．地区，区域；行政区→ adj.地区的 3．length n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→ adj.长的 4．variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→ v．变化 → adj.多种多样的 5． living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n．生计，谋生；生活方式→ v．活着 → adj.活泼的 6．survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→ n．幸存 7．disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→ n．消失→ vi.出现 8．agriculture n．农业，农学→ adj.农业的 9．extinction n．灭绝，绝种→ adj.灭绝的，绝种的 10．global adj.全球的；全面的→ n．球体 11．application n．应用，运用；申请→ v．申请；应用 12．organization n．组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→ vt.组织 → n．组织者 13．absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；极其→ adj.绝对的；完全的 14．entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地→ adj.完全的 15．profit n．利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处→ adj.有利润的，盈利的 16．defence n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→ vt.保护 17．economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→ n．经济 18．poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n．毒物，毒药→ adj.有毒的 19．chemical n．化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的→ n．化学 20．consequence n．结果，后果；重要性→ adj.随之而来的 → adv.结果 21． further adj.更多的，更进一步的 adv.较远，更远；进一步 vt.促进，增进→ adj.&adv.远的→ adj.& adv.最远的/地→ adj.& adv.更远的/地 一、单句语法填空 1．An increasing number of rare species are in danger of (extinct) due to climate change. 2．Seventy-one different (various) of tropical plants were introduced into China last year. 3．The policy (far) promoted the development of local tourism. 4．The number of people living in (poor) has dropped significantly. 5．Although (seat) quietly at the corner, he was actually pondering deeply over the complex problem. 6．We should always remember those soldiers who died in (defend) of our country. 7．You must be (absolute) silent or the birds won’t appear. 8．His quick thinking and courage ensured his (survive) in the face of danger. 9．It is believed that greenhouse gases are the main causes of (globe) warming. 10．Why do I measure the (long) of the landmark inside instead of outside? 11．One of the worst of smoking for a long time is that you may suffer from lung cancer. (consequent) 12．A wedding takes a lot of (organize). 13．I don’t think we have any grounds to expand our business in this bad (economy) climate. 14．Police are investigating the (disappear) of a young woman. 15．There’s no use (protest). I won’t change my mind. 16．We continued (track) the plane on our radar. 17．There were (mass) air attacks during the war. 18．We are (chief) concerned with improving educational standards. 19．Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other (resident) and could result in damage to personal property. 20．It is usually more (profit) to sell direct to the public. 21．Since we used the new (recycle) method, a large number of trees have been saved. 22．He was bitten by a (poison) snake and was sent to the hospital immediately. 23．Many (chemist) factories are closed down by the local government, because most of them have done serious harm to the environment. 24．The tree was so big that we had to chop off some of the (branch). 25． (million) of people are threatened with starvation as a result of drought and poor harvests. 二、单词拼写 26．Only a few people (幸存) the plane crash, which was really a tragic. 27．The flood caused serious (损坏，损失) to the houses along the river, and many families had to be relocated. 28．A (委员会) will be set up to work out a solution to the problem. 29．Industry and opportunity were the (最重要的) factors in his success. 30．He had to choose between giving up his job and giving up his principles. He chose the (前者). 31．Modern technology has greatly improved efficiency in (农业), leading to higher crop production and more sustainable farming practices. 32．The (长度) of a paragraph depends on the information it includes. 33．The swimmer won a gold (奖牌) in the Olympic Games. 34．I’d appreciate it if you could consider my (申请). I’m looking forward to your early reply. 35．For more (资料手册) about other package tours around Peru, contact us at tourinfo@travelperu.org. 36．When (说服) to buy something useless, people should keep a clear mind. 37．Prolonged (旱灾) has led to serious desertification. 38．We call that (地带) the habitable zone. 39．Many species are dying out because of our destruction of their natural (栖息地). 40．The company is trying to create a young energetic (形象) to attract young people. 三、完成句子 41．像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。 They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same and . 42．每年，人们都会举办各种各样的活动庆祝国庆节，从升旗仪式到烟花表演。 Every year, people celebrate the National Day with activities, ranging from the flag-raising to fireworks. 43．我们扔掉了所有的旧玩具。 We       all the old toys. 44．电话系统瘫痪了。 The telephone system has . 45．反过来，世界和平也有助于运动会的顺利召开。 , world peace will also contribute to the smooth holding of the games. 46．将小装饰品用纸包好以防止损坏。 Wrap small ornaments in paper to . 47．各代表团已经开始逐步增强互相的信任。 The delegations had begun to some trust in one another. 48．当我一个人在街上走的时候，我听见有人在后边叫我的名字。 , I heard my name called from behind. 49．由于天气不好，航班被取消了。 The flight was cancelled    bad weather. 50．如今，我们科学家理所当然地认为，生而有所不知是完全有可能的。 Now, we scientists it is perfectly possible to live and not know. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 With people becoming more 51 (worry) about climate (气候) change and environmental problems, the travel industry and governments in Asia are increasingly realizing that it’s necessary 52 (cut) down the carbon emissions (碳排放) caused by tourism. So far low-carbon tourism 53 (become) a popular term among governments, travel companies and a growing number of tourists. They all want to lessen the bad influences of their travel 54 the environment. Adnan Amin, the CEO of COP28, said, “ 55 new development is very important. We should make decarbonization (脱碳) and climate action common in every main business field, 56 (especial) in tourism.” According to the UN Tourism and the International Energy Agency, the tourism industry produces about 8 to 11 percent of the 57 (world) greenhouse gas emissions. So it’s a very important industry for the world to reach net zero. Amin also said, “The emissions from tourism transportation may grow by 25 percent by 2030 58 we take quick action. Because of fast technological development, we now have more ways to make tourism carbon-free.   59 (lower) emissions and achieving sustainable (可持续的) travel are no longer distant dreams, 60 we can now turn into reality. But to really make progress, we need strong international cooperation.” 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Stretching across Central China, mainly through Shaanxi Province, the Qinling Mountains form 61 very important natural barrier (屏障). 62 (run) roughly east to west, these mountains act like a huge wall dividing the country geographically and climatically. To the north lies the dry climate and yellow earth of the North China Plain. To the south, the landscape becomes 63 (green) and receives more rainfall, typical of the warmer and wetter regions of South China. This 64 (make) the Qinling Mountains an important natural boundary (界限) between northern and southern China. Because of this 65 (divide), the Qinling Mountains own unbelievably rich biodiversity. It is an important area 66 many rare animals, including the famous Giant Panda, and the Golden Monkey. You can find thick forests covering the hills, home 67 thousands of plant species, some found nowhere else on Earth. Beyond nature, the Qinling Mountains hold deep cultural significance. They have been important throughout Chinese history, featuring ancient cities and inspiring poets and artists for centuries. Towns and villages 68 (locate) in the valleys, and people have lived alongside the mountains for generations. Today, the Qinling Mountains remain a symbol of natural wonder, an amazing ecological area, 69 a source of inspiration for the whole nation. Protecting this unique ecosystem is 70 (extreme) important. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $