Unit 4 课时5 Lesson 5 (分层作业) 英语新教材冀教版八年级下册

Unit 4 Rules make for a better life! 课时5 Lesson 5 Public rules 分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 词汇 ever adv. 曾经；从来；始终 false adj. 错误的；人造的；假的 negative adj. 负的；消极的 litter v. 乱扔；使乱七八糟 n. 垃圾；乱扔的杂物 mess n. 肮脏；杂乱；混乱 句型 1. What happens when people don't follow public rules?—— 当人们不遵守公共规则时会发生什么？ 2. It is everyone's responsibility to protect the planet.—— 保护地球是每个人的责任。 3. It's important for us to understand and keep the rules of our society.——理解并遵守社会规则对我们至关重要。 一、单词默写。 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.____________ /ˈevə(r)/adv. 曾经；从来；始终 2.____________ /fɔːls/adj. 错误的；人造的；假的 3.____________ /ˈneɡətɪv/adj. 负的；消极的 4.____________ /ˈlɪtə(r)/v. 乱扔；使乱七八糟；n. 垃圾；乱扔的杂物 5.____________ /mes/n. 肮脏；杂乱；混乱 二、词组默写。 1.重要的一部分 _______________________ 2.遵守公共规则 _______________________ 3.插队 _______________________ 4.导致；引起 _______________________ 5.无论；是否 _______________________ 6.对…… 不尊重 _______________________ 7.损害他人名誉 _______________________ 8.不仅…… 而且…… _______________________ 三、根据要求完成句子 1.遵守公共规则是日常生活中重要的一部分。 ______ ______ ______ is ______ ______ ______ ______ in daily life. 2.插队这种行为可能会导致不必要的争吵。 ______ ______ may ______ unnecessary arguments. 3.无论你是否同意，都要学会尊重他人。 ______ you agree ______ ______, you should learn to respect others. 4.传播谣言不仅不道德，而且会损害他人名誉。 Spreading rumours is not only immoral, but also can ______ ______ ______. 5.对他人不尊重的行为是不可取的。 It's not good to ______ ______ ______ others. 四、用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 1.It's everyone's _____________ (responsible) to follow public rules in daily life. 2.Cutting in line often _____________ (make) other people feel angry and unfair. 3.We should keep our voice down to make public places ____________ (comfort) for everyone. 4.____________ (spread) rumours can hurt people's feelings and break their trust. 5.Be ____________ (care) not to litter, or it will make the environment dirty. ask   they   weak   quiet   answer   manner   mean   much   what   peace   polite   suppose 五、选词填空。 When eating out, people want to have a great experience. This 1 that they expect not only nice food but also polite and considerate (考虑周到的) people in the restaurant. Do you think 2 is the most important thing the people shouldn’t do at the table? I think it is talking on a mobile phone when people are at the table. Such action is thought to be 3 to the people around you. Some restaurants have rules against mobile phones. But whether there are rules or not, you 4 to set your phone to the silent or vibrate mode (振动模式). If you get an important phone call and have to talk on it while eating, leave the table 5 it. Remember to talk in a quiet and 6 voice even if you’re not at the table. It is important to use good 7 with everyone in the restaurant, including the people who are serving you. Always say “please” and “thank you” to the servers. These simple words can improve or speed up the service for you. Kids should not get up and run around the tables in a restaurant. They should stay in 8 seats during the meal. Make sure they eat 9 and won’t cause trouble for other people. Being polite in a restaurant helps everyone have a good time. If people are more polite and respectful to others, everyone will have 10 fun eating. 六、完形填空。 I took my dog Max to the park and let him off the leash (狗绳), even though I saw the sign: “Dogs Must Be Leashed.” Max loved 1 , and I thought, “Just for a minute. It won’t 2 anyone.” He ran happily until he knocked over a little girl. Her mother picked her up, looking at me with 3 . My heart sank. I realized I wasn’t responsible—I was making the park unsafe, and I was too 4 to think of others’ safety. Just then, a man was walking by. He said calmly to me, “Please use the leash. Everyone should 5 the rules because it’s for our safety, including your dog’s.” His words weren’t mean (刻薄的), 6 they hit me hard. Although I saw the 7 just now, I didn’t care about it. I quietly put the leash back on. “I’m sorry,” I said to the girl and her mother, feeling 8 ashamed, looking down and not daring to meet their eyes. That day, I learned that rules are not just 9 on signs. They are promises to each other when we share a space. We all know the rules in our minds, but we must also 10 on them in our daily life. 1．A．walking B．jumping C．running D．swimming 2．A．hurt B．love C．put D．help 3．A．surprise B．anger C．joy D．excitement 4．A．glad B．angry C．young D．selfish 5．A．break B．follow C．make D．finish 6．A．but B．and C．so D．or 7．A．girl B．dog C．park D．sign 8．A．carefully B．hardly C．recently D．truly 9．A．duties B．pictures C．words D．animals 10．A．spread B．save C．play D．act 七、阅读理解。 What do you think of the rules? Sometimes we may think some rules in our lives are awful. These rules just seem to stop us from having fun. But in fact, those rules are very important and they help us a lot. At school, there are rules to help us study well and stay safe. We have to arrive at school on time. This helps us start our study well. In class, we need to raise our hands before speaking. This shows respect for our teachers and classmates, and also gives everyone a chance to share their ideas. We shouldn’t run in the classrooms or hallways because it could be dangerous. In our family, there are rules too. We should do our homework before watching TV. This helps us be responsible (有责任心的) for our study. We also need to help our parents do some housework like washing our clothes or tidying up our rooms. It makes us feel like we are an important part of our family and teaches us about cooperation (合作) and the meaning of hard work. Rules are really important. They keep us safe, healthy and happy and they also help us become better people. Following the rules can make our lives more wonderful. Let’s always remember to follow the rules and make our lives more wonderful! 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By giving an example. D．By showing an idea. 2．How many school rules does the passage talk about? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five 3．What does the underlined word “awful” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Very comfortable. B．Very terrible. C．Very excited. D．Very surprised. 4．Why may we think some rules are awful? A．Because they seem to stop us from having fun. B．Because they can help us a lot to be better. C．Because they make us have to be in order. D．Because they can make us be dangerous. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．My School Life B．My Family Rules C．Rules Help People a Lot D．How to Make Rules 八、阅读表达。 After a busy day at work, I got on the train to go home. I went to a quiet area in order to read. I sat down and took out my book. Suddenly, a girl opposite me started playing loud music on her phone. What a shock! I almost jumped up in surprise. A minute later, the man next to me took out several packets of food. It was like he was on a picnic. People have to eat, of course, but the food was so smelly! It was like sitting next to a mountain of blue cheese. I covered my ears in order to block the noise coming from Rock Girl. I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell coming from Mr. Smelly Food. Then a boy behind me started to kick my seat. My anger grew. My face turned as red as a tomato! I asked him to stop. However, his mother replied, “Come on, he’s just a kid.” I turned around so as to see the other passengers’ faces. They also seemed unhappy, but no one did anything. Will they think me a fool if I do something? I looked at the signs on the wall. They read “Please be quiet”, “No smelly food” and “Please look after your children”. Everyone knows the rules, I thought. They aren’t just on the wall but also in our minds and hearts. And rules are there for us to follow! Suddenly, I felt brave. I took a deep breath, stood up and cleared my throat... 1．What did the man next to the writer do on the train? _______________________________________________________________ 2．What did the writer do to block the noise and the smell? _______________________________________________________________ 3．What did the boy’s mother say when the writer asked the boy to stop? _______________________________________________________________ 4．How did other passengers feel about the bad behavior? _______________________________________________________________ 5．What does the writer think of the rules on the wall? _______________________________________________________________ 九、阅读综合。 Public rules are like friendly guides that help us live happily together. They are simple and easy to follow, such as waiting for your turn at the school cafeteria, keeping quiet in the library, and not leaving trash on the playground. These small rules make our schools, parks, and streets safe and comfortable for everyone. When people don’t follow these rules, small problems can turn into big trouble. For example, cutting in line at the lunch counter makes other students feel angry and unfair. Spreading rumours about a classmate can hurt their feelings and break their trust in you. Littering in the playground makes the place dirty and can even make people fall and get hurt. Even talking too loudly in the classroom can stop others from listening to the teacher and learning well. Following public rules is not hard—it just takes a little care. A polite “please” or “thank you” when you ask for help, or picking up a piece of trash you see on the floor, can make our world a nicer place. When everyone follows these small rules, we build a warm and kind community where everyone feels respected and happy. 任务一：词性转换，根据短文内容及所给提示填空，每空一词 1.Public rules make our life more ________ (comfort 的形容词形式). 2.We should be ________ (care 的形容词形式) to follow public rules every day. 任务二：短语翻译，将文中划线短语翻译成中文 3.waiting for your turn ____________________ 4.break their trust ____________________ 任务三：找同义句，从文中找出与所给句子意思相近的句子，抄写完整 5.Small problems can become big trouble if rules are broken. ________________________________________________ 任务四：细节判断，根据短文内容判断正(T)误(F) 6.Cutting in line makes others feel unfair. ( ) 7.Littering in the playground is safe for everyone. ( ) 任务五：句式转换，将文中划线句“Following public rules is not hard—it just takes a little care.”改为以 If 开头的复合句，每空一词 8.________ we take a little care, following public rules ________ be hard. 任务六：开放性表达，用英语回答，语句通顺（1-2句） 9.What is one public rule you follow every day? Why is it important? _________________________________________________________ $ Unit 4 Rules make for a better life! 课时5 Lesson 5 Public rules 分层作业 参考答案 一、单词默写。 ever；false；negative；litter；mess 二、词组默写。 1．an important part of　2．follow public rules　3．cut in line　4．lead to　5．whether or　6．be disrespectful to　7．damage others' reputation　8．not only...but also... 三、按要求完成句子。 1．Follow public rules; an important part of2．Cutting in line; lead to3．Whether; or not4．damage others' reputation5．be disrespectful to 四 、用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 1．responsibility　2．makes　3．comfortable　4．Spreading　5．careful 五、选词填空。 1．means 2．what 3．impolite 4．are supposed 5．to answer 6．polite 7．manners 8．their 9．quietly 10．more 六、完形填空。 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．D 9．C 10．D 七、阅读理解。 1．B 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．C 八、阅读表达。 1．He took out several packets of smelly food and ate it. 2．He covered his ears to block the noise and covered his nose to reduce the smell. 3．She said, “Come on, he’s just a kid.” 4．They also seemed unhappy but did nothing. 5．He thinks they are not just on the wall but also in our minds and hearts, and we should follow them. 九、阅读综合。 1．comfortable　2．careful　3．排队等候　4．破坏他们的信任 5．When people don’t follow these rules, small problems can turn into big trouble. 6．T　7．F　8．If; won’t 9．（示例）I keep quiet in the library every day. Because it helps everyone read and study well. 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 4 Rules make for a better life! 课时5 Lesson 5 Public rules 分层作业 核心知识速记 01基础达标 02能力提升 03拓展培优 04思维进阶 词汇 ever adv. 曾经；从来；始终 false adj. 错误的；人造的；假的 negative adj. 负的；消极的 litter v. 乱扔；使乱七八糟 n. 垃圾；乱扔的杂物 mess n. 肮脏；杂乱；混乱 句型 1. What happens when people don't follow public rules?—— 当人们不遵守公共规则时会发生什么？ 2. It is everyone's responsibility to protect the planet.—— 保护地球是每个人的责任。 3. It's important for us to understand and keep the rules of our society.——理解并遵守社会规则对我们至关重要。 一、单词默写。 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.____________ /ˈevə(r)/adv. 曾经；从来；始终 2.____________ /fɔːls/adj. 错误的；人造的；假的 3.____________ /ˈneɡətɪv/adj. 负的；消极的 4.____________ /ˈlɪtə(r)/v. 乱扔；使乱七八糟；n. 垃圾；乱扔的杂物 5.____________ /mes/n. 肮脏；杂乱；混乱 【答案】ever；false；negative；litter；mess 二、词组默写。 1.重要的一部分 _______________________ 2.遵守公共规则 _______________________ 3.插队 _______________________ 4.导致；引起 _______________________ 5.无论；是否 _______________________ 6.对…… 不尊重 _______________________ 7.损害他人名誉 _______________________ 8.不仅…… 而且…… _______________________ 【答案】1．an important part of　2．follow public rules　3．cut in line　4．lead to　5．whether or　6．be disrespectful to　7．damage others' reputation　8．not only...but also... 三、根据要求完成句子 1.遵守公共规则是日常生活中重要的一部分。 ______ ______ ______ is ______ ______ ______ ______ in daily life. 2.插队这种行为可能会导致不必要的争吵。 ______ ______ may ______ unnecessary arguments. 3.无论你是否同意，都要学会尊重他人。 ______ you agree ______ ______, you should learn to respect others. 4.传播谣言不仅不道德，而且会损害他人名誉。 Spreading rumours is not only immoral, but also can ______ ______ ______. 5.对他人不尊重的行为是不可取的。 It's not good to ______ ______ ______ others. 【答案】 1．Follow public rules; an important part of2．Cutting in line; lead to3．Whether; or not4．damage others' reputation5．be disrespectful to 四、用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 1.It's everyone's _____________ (responsible) to follow public rules in daily life. 2.Cutting in line often _____________ (make) other people feel angry and unfair. 3.We should keep our voice down to make public places ____________ (comfort) for everyone. 4.____________ (spread) rumours can hurt people's feelings and break their trust. 5.Be ____________ (care) not to litter, or it will make the environment dirty. 【答案】 1．responsibility　2．makes　3．comfortable　4．Spreading　5．careful 【解析】 1．考点：词性转换（形容词变名词）。everyone's后接名词，responsible的名词形式为responsibility，意为“责任”。 2．考点：主谓一致。句子主语Cutting in line是动名词短语，表单数概念，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式makes。 3．考点：固定搭配。make sth.+形容词，意为“使某物处于某种状态”，comfort的形容词形式为comfortable，意为“舒适的”。 4．考点：非谓语动词。此处作句子主语，用动名词形式Spreading，注意首字母大写。 5．考点：词性转换（动词变形容词）。be动词后接形容词作表语，care的形容词形式为careful，be careful (not) to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“小心（不要）做某事”。 ask   they   weak   quiet   answer   manner   mean   much   what   peace   polite   suppose 五、选词填空。 When eating out, people want to have a great experience. This 1 that they expect not only nice food but also polite and considerate (考虑周到的) people in the restaurant. Do you think 2 is the most important thing the people shouldn’t do at the table? I think it is talking on a mobile phone when people are at the table. Such action is thought to be 3 to the people around you. Some restaurants have rules against mobile phones. But whether there are rules or not, you 4 to set your phone to the silent or vibrate mode (振动模式). If you get an important phone call and have to talk on it while eating, leave the table 5 it. Remember to talk in a quiet and 6 voice even if you’re not at the table. It is important to use good 7 with everyone in the restaurant, including the people who are serving you. Always say “please” and “thank you” to the servers. These simple words can improve or speed up the service for you. Kids should not get up and run around the tables in a restaurant. They should stay in 8 seats during the meal. Make sure they eat 9 and won’t cause trouble for other people. Being polite in a restaurant helps everyone have a good time. If people are more polite and respectful to others, everyone will have 10 fun eating. 【答案】 1．means 2．what 3．impolite 4．are supposed 5．to answer 6．polite 7．manners 8．their 9．quietly 10．more 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在餐馆就餐时，人们应该遵守的礼貌行为和注意事项。 1．句意：这意味着他们不仅期待美味的食物，还期待餐馆里有礼貌和体贴的人。根据“This … that they expect not only nice food but also polite and considerate (考虑周到的) people in the restaurant.”和备选词可知，此处指这意味着他们不仅期待美味的食物，还期待餐馆里有礼貌、体贴的人，mean“意味着”，动词；根据“expect”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语This为第三人称单数，谓语动词mean用第三人称单数形式means。故填means。 2．句意：你认为在餐桌上人们最不应该做的事情是什么？根据“Do you think … is the most important thing the people shouldn’t do at the table?”和备选词可知，此处指你认为在餐桌上人们最不应该做的事情是什么，what“什么”，符合语境。故填what。 3．句意：这样的行为被认为是对你周围的人不礼貌的。根据“Such action is thought to be … to the people around you.”和备选词可知，此处指这样的行为被认为是对你周围的人不礼貌的，be impolite to sb.“对某人不礼貌”，固定短语。故填impolite。 4．句意：但是无论有没有规定，你都应该把手机设置为静音或振动模式。根据“But whether there are rules or not, you … to set your phone to the silent or vibrate mode (振动模式).”和备选词可知，此处指无论有没有规定，你都应该把手机设置为静音或振动模式，be supposed to do sth.“应该做某事”，固定短语；句子时态为一般现在时，主语you为第二人称，be动词用are。故填are supposed。 5．句意：如果你在吃饭时接到一个重要电话必须接听，应该离开餐桌去接。根据“If you get an important phone call and have to talk on it while eating, leave the table … it.”和备选词可知，此处指如果你接到一个重要的电话，必须在吃饭时接听，那就离开桌子去接，此处需用动词不定式to answer作目的状语。故填to answer。 6．句意：记住，即使你不在餐桌旁，也要用安静和礼貌的声音说话。根据“Remember to talk in a quiet and … voice even if you’re not at the table.”和备选词可知，此处指即使你不在餐桌旁，也要用安静和礼貌的声音说话，and连接并列成分，此处需用形容词与quiet并列，polite“礼貌的”，形容词，符合语境。故填polite。 7．句意：在餐厅里，对每个人都保持良好礼仪非常重要，这其中也包括为你提供服务的人员。根据“It is important to use good … with everyone in the restaurant, including the people who are serving you.”和备选词可知，此处指在餐馆里，对每个人都要有礼貌，good为形容词，其后需接名词，manner“行为，举止”，名词，此处表示礼貌的行为，需用复数形式manners。故填manners。 8．句意：他们应该在吃饭时坐在自己的座位上。根据“Kids should not get up and run around the tables in a restaurant. They should stay in … seats during the meal.”和备选词可知，此处指孩子们不应该在餐馆里站起来围着桌子跑，他们应该在吃饭时坐在自己的座位上，they“他们”，人称代词主格，其形容词性物主代词为their“他们的”，修饰名词seats。故填their。 9．句意：要确保他们安静用餐，避免给他人造成困扰。根据“Make sure they eat … and won’t cause trouble for other people.”和备选词可知，此处指确保他们安静地吃，不会给其他人带来麻烦，quiet“安静的”，应用其副词形式quietly“安静地”，修饰动词eat。故填quietly。 10．句意：如果人们对他人更有礼貌和尊重，每个人在吃饭时都会更开心。根据“If people are more polite and respectful to others, everyone will have … fun eating.”和备选词可知，此处指如果人们对他人更有礼貌和尊重，每个人在吃饭时都会更开心，此处暗含比较级，需用much的比较级more“更”修饰不可数名词fun。故填more。 六、完形填空。 I took my dog Max to the park and let him off the leash (狗绳), even though I saw the sign: “Dogs Must Be Leashed.” Max loved 1 , and I thought, “Just for a minute. It won’t 2 anyone.” He ran happily until he knocked over a little girl. Her mother picked her up, looking at me with 3 . My heart sank. I realized I wasn’t responsible—I was making the park unsafe, and I was too 4 to think of others’ safety. Just then, a man was walking by. He said calmly to me, “Please use the leash. Everyone should 5 the rules because it’s for our safety, including your dog’s.” His words weren’t mean (刻薄的), 6 they hit me hard. Although I saw the 7 just now, I didn’t care about it. I quietly put the leash back on. “I’m sorry,” I said to the girl and her mother, feeling 8 ashamed, looking down and not daring to meet their eyes. That day, I learned that rules are not just 9 on signs. They are promises to each other when we share a space. We all know the rules in our minds, but we must also 10 on them in our daily life. 1．A．walking B．jumping C．running D．swimming 2．A．hurt B．love C．put D．help 3．A．surprise B．anger C．joy D．excitement 4．A．glad B．angry C．young D．selfish 5．A．break B．follow C．make D．finish 6．A．but B．and C．so D．or 7．A．girl B．dog C．park D．sign 8．A．carefully B．hardly C．recently D．truly 9．A．duties B．pictures C．words D．animals 10．A．spread B．save C．play D．act 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．D 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文讲述作者带狗去公园未拴绳，狗撞倒小女孩，经路人提醒后遵守规则，明白规则是共处承诺的故事。 1．句意：麦克斯喜欢奔跑，我想：“就一分钟，不会伤害到任何人的。” walking走路；jumping跳跃；running奔跑；swimming游泳。根据“He ran happily until he knocked over a little girl.”可知，此处指麦克斯喜欢奔跑。故选C。 2．句意：麦克斯喜欢奔跑，我想：“就一分钟，不会伤害到任何人的。” hurt伤害；love喜爱；put放置；help帮助。根据“Just for a minute.”及语境可知，此处指作者认为不会伤害到别人。故选A。 3．句意：她的妈妈抱起她，愤怒地看着我。 surprise惊讶；anger愤怒；joy高兴；excitement兴奋。根据“he knocked over a little girl”可知，小女孩被撞倒，妈妈应该是愤怒的。故选B。 4．句意：我意识到自己很不负责任——我让公园变得不安全，而且我太自私了，没考虑到别人的安全。 glad高兴的；angry生气的；young年轻的；selfish自私的。根据“to think of others’ safety”可知，作者没考虑他人安全，是自私的。故选D。 5．句意：每个人都应该遵守规则，因为这是为了我们的安全，包括你的狗。 break打破；follow遵守；make制定；finish完成。根据“Please use the leash.”及语境可知，此处指遵守规则。故选B。 6．句意：他的话并不刻薄，但却深深触动了我。 but但是；and和；so因此；or或者。根据“His words weren’t mean”和“they hit me hard”可知，前后是转折关系。故选A。 7．句意：虽然我刚才看到了标志牌，但我却没在意。 girl女孩；dog狗；park公园；sign标志牌。根据“even though I saw the sign: ‘Dogs Must Be Leashed.’”可知，此处指作者看到了标志牌。故选D。 8．句意：我对女孩和她的妈妈说：“对不起。” 我真的感到很羞愧，低下头不敢看她们的眼睛。 carefully仔细地；hardly几乎不；recently最近；truly真正地。根据“looking down and not daring to meet their eyes”可知，作者真的感到羞愧。故选D。 9．句意：那天，我明白了规则不只是写在标志牌上的文字。 duties职责；pictures图片；words文字；animals动物。根据“on signs”可知，规则是写在标志牌上的文字。故选C。 10．句意：我们心里都知道规则，但在日常生活中也必须遵守它们。 spread传播；save拯救；play玩耍；act行动。act on表示“按照……行事”，them指代“the rules”，此处指按规则行动。故选D。 七、阅读理解。 What do you think of the rules? Sometimes we may think some rules in our lives are awful. These rules just seem to stop us from having fun. But in fact, those rules are very important and they help us a lot. At school, there are rules to help us study well and stay safe. We have to arrive at school on time. This helps us start our study well. In class, we need to raise our hands before speaking. This shows respect for our teachers and classmates, and also gives everyone a chance to share their ideas. We shouldn’t run in the classrooms or hallways because it could be dangerous. In our family, there are rules too. We should do our homework before watching TV. This helps us be responsible (有责任心的) for our study. We also need to help our parents do some housework like washing our clothes or tidying up our rooms. It makes us feel like we are an important part of our family and teaches us about cooperation (合作) and the meaning of hard work. Rules are really important. They keep us safe, healthy and happy and they also help us become better people. Following the rules can make our lives more wonderful. Let’s always remember to follow the rules and make our lives more wonderful! 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By giving an example. D．By showing an idea. 2．How many school rules does the passage talk about? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five 3．What does the underlined word “awful” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Very comfortable. B．Very terrible. C．Very excited. D．Very surprised. 4．Why may we think some rules are awful? A．Because they seem to stop us from having fun. B．Because they can help us a lot to be better. C．Because they make us have to be in order. D．Because they can make us be dangerous. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．My School Life B．My Family Rules C．Rules Help People a Lot D．How to Make Rules 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了规则的重要性，并分别从学校和家庭两方面举例说明规则如何帮助我们更好地学习、生活并成长为更好的人。 1．篇章结构题。根据第1段开头“What do you think of the rules?”可知，作者以提出一个问题的方式开始了这篇文章。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第2段，文中提到的校规包括：按时到校（arrive at school on time）、发言前举手（raise our hands before speaking）、不在教室或走廊奔跑（shouldn’t run in the classrooms or hallways）。一共三条。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据第1段“Sometimes we may think some rules in our lives are awful. These rules just seem to stop us from having fun.”可知，我们有时觉得规则很“awful”，因为它们似乎阻止我们玩乐。“awful”在这里表示“非常糟糕的、可怕的”意思。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第1段“These rules just seem to stop us from having fun.”可知，我们可能认为一些规则很糟糕，因为它们似乎阻止我们玩乐。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。全文围绕规则展开，阐述了规则在学校和家庭中的具体体现及其带来的益处（保持安全、健康、快乐，帮助成为更好的人），核心是说明规则对人有很大帮助。故选C。 八、阅读表达。 After a busy day at work, I got on the train to go home. I went to a quiet area in order to read. I sat down and took out my book. Suddenly, a girl opposite me started playing loud music on her phone. What a shock! I almost jumped up in surprise. A minute later, the man next to me took out several packets of food. It was like he was on a picnic. People have to eat, of course, but the food was so smelly! It was like sitting next to a mountain of blue cheese. I covered my ears in order to block the noise coming from Rock Girl. I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell coming from Mr. Smelly Food. Then a boy behind me started to kick my seat. My anger grew. My face turned as red as a tomato! I asked him to stop. However, his mother replied, “Come on, he’s just a kid.” I turned around so as to see the other passengers’ faces. They also seemed unhappy, but no one did anything. Will they think me a fool if I do something? I looked at the signs on the wall. They read “Please be quiet”, “No smelly food” and “Please look after your children”. Everyone knows the rules, I thought. They aren’t just on the wall but also in our minds and hearts. And rules are there for us to follow! Suddenly, I felt brave. I took a deep breath, stood up and cleared my throat... 1．What did the man next to the writer do on the train? _______________________________________________________________ 2．What did the writer do to block the noise and the smell? _______________________________________________________________ 3．What did the boy’s mother say when the writer asked the boy to stop? _______________________________________________________________ 4．How did other passengers feel about the bad behavior? _______________________________________________________________ 5．What does the writer think of the rules on the wall? _______________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．He took out several packets of smelly food and ate it. 2．He covered his ears to block the noise and covered his nose to reduce the smell. 3．She said, “Come on, he’s just a kid.” 4．They also seemed unhappy but did nothing. 5．He thinks they are not just on the wall but also in our minds and hearts, and we should follow them. 【导语】本文描述了作者在火车上遭遇的一系列不愉快经历，包括旁边乘客播放大声的音乐、食用气味难闻的食物以及后排小孩踢座椅等，最终作者意识到墙上的规则不仅贴在墙上，更应铭记在心并遵守。 1．根据“A minute later, the man next to me took out several packets of food. It was like he was on a picnic. People have to eat, of course, but the food was so smelly!”可知，作者旁边的男人拿出几包气味难闻的食物并吃了起来。故填He took out several packets of smelly food and ate it. 2．根据“I covered my ears in order to block the noise coming from Rock Girl. I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell coming from Mr Smelly Food.”可知，作者捂住耳朵以阻挡来自摇滚女孩的噪音，捂住鼻子以减少来自气味难闻的食物的味道。故填He covered his ears to block the noise and covered his nose to reduce the smell. 3．根据“I asked him to stop. However, his mother replied, ‘Come on, he’s just a kid.’”可知，当作者要求男孩停止踢座椅时，男孩的母亲说：“算了吧，他只是个孩子。”故填She said, “Come on, he’s just a kid.” 4．根据“I turned around so as to see the other passengers’ faces. They also seemed unhappy, but no one did anything.”可知，其他乘客也显得不高兴，但没有人采取任何行动。故填They also seemed unhappy but did nothing. 5．根据“Everyone knows the rules, I thought. They aren’t just on the wall but also in our minds and hearts. And rules are there for us to follow!”可知，作者认为规则不仅贴在墙上，更应铭记于心，我们应该遵守规则。故填He thinks they are not just on the wall but also in our minds and hearts, and we should follow them. 九、阅读综合。 Public rules are like friendly guides that help us live happily together. They are simple and easy to follow, such as waiting for your turn at the school cafeteria, keeping quiet in the library, and not leaving trash on the playground. These small rules make our schools, parks, and streets safe and comfortable for everyone. When people don’t follow these rules, small problems can turn into big trouble. For example, cutting in line at the lunch counter makes other students feel angry and unfair. Spreading rumours about a classmate can hurt their feelings and break their trust in you. Littering in the playground makes the place dirty and can even make people fall and get hurt. Even talking too loudly in the classroom can stop others from listening to the teacher and learning well. Following public rules is not hard—it just takes a little care. A polite “please” or “thank you” when you ask for help, or picking up a piece of trash you see on the floor, can make our world a nicer place. When everyone follows these small rules, we build a warm and kind community where everyone feels respected and happy. 任务一：词性转换，根据短文内容及所给提示填空，每空一词 1.Public rules make our life more ________ (comfort 的形容词形式). 2.We should be ________ (care 的形容词形式) to follow public rules every day. 任务二：短语翻译，将文中划线短语翻译成中文 3.waiting for your turn ____________________ 4.break their trust ____________________ 任务三：找同义句，从文中找出与所给句子意思相近的句子，抄写完整 5.Small problems can become big trouble if rules are broken. ________________________________________________ 任务四：细节判断，根据短文内容判断正(T)误(F) 6.Cutting in line makes others feel unfair. ( ) 7.Littering in the playground is safe for everyone. ( ) 任务五：句式转换，将文中划线句“Following public rules is not hard—it just takes a little care.”改为以 If 开头的复合句，每空一词 8.________ we take a little care, following public rules ________ be hard. 任务六：开放性表达，用英语回答，语句通顺（1-2句） 9.What is one public rule you follow every day? Why is it important? _________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1．comfortable　2．careful　3．排队等候　4．破坏他们的信任 5．When people don’t follow these rules, small problems can turn into big trouble. 6．T　7．F　8．If; won’t 9．（示例）I keep quiet in the library every day. Because it helps everyone read and study well. 【导语】 本文围绕“遵守公共规则”核心话题展开，列举了校园及生活中常见的公共规则、违反规则的危害和遵守规则的意义，语篇词汇和句式贴合八年级下册英语水平，无超纲内容，适合课后基础提升练习。 【解析】 1．考点：词性转换（名词/动词变形容词）。comfort的形容词形式为comfortable，more comfortable构成比较级，符合“make sth.+形容词”的语法结构。 2．考点：词性转换（动词变形容词）。care的形容词形式为careful，be careful to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“小心做某事、注意做某事”。 3．考点：短语翻译。wait for意为“等候”，your turn意为“轮到你”，结合语境翻译为“排队等候”即可。 4．考点：短语翻译。break意为“破坏、打破”，trust意为“信任”，直接贴合语境翻译为“破坏他们的信任”即可。 5．考点：同义句查找。所给句子与文中“When people don’t follow these rules, small problems can turn into big trouble.”表意完全一致，直接抄写原句即可。 6．考点：细节判断。根据文中“cutting in line at the lunch counter makes other students feel angry and unfair”可知，插队会让别人感到不公平，故判断为T。 7．考点：细节判断。根据文中“Littering in the playground makes the place dirty and can even make people fall and get hurt”可知，在操场乱扔垃圾存在安全隐患，并非对所有人都安全，故判断为F。 8．考点：句式转换（简单句变if引导的条件状语从句）。原句表“遵守公共规则不难，只需要多一点用心”，转换为if从句后遵循“主将从现”原则，故填If; won’t。 9．考点：开放性表达。要求结合日常实际回答遵守的公共规则并说明原因，需保证语句通顺、逻辑合理即可。 $