Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World（复习课件）英语译林版必修第三册

Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 复习课件 高一·英语 译林版2020必修三 1 学习内容导览 单元知识图谱 2 学习目标 1 3 重点单词 单元语法 6 重点句型 5 7 主题写作 4 重点短语 8 课堂巩固 . 2 学习目标 1. Perceive and learn from the character and spirit of outstanding Chinese and foreign scientists. 2. Master the core rules of the verb-ed form used as attributive, adverbial, and object complement, and use it correctly in context. 3. Complete a design proposal for the campus science festival. 4. Reflect earnestly and gain a deep understanding of the value of science. 5. Complete a fact file to briefly introduce the life of a scientist. 3 单元知识图谱 . 4 单词 意思 deadly adj. 致命的;非常的;十足的;彻底的 experiment n. 实验,试验;尝试vi. 尝试;做试验;进行实验 postpone vt. 延期;延迟 sufficient adj. 足够的;充足的 illustrate vt. 阐明,举例说明;加插图于 accident n. 事故;意外; 意外事件,偶然的事 重点单词 negate vt. 否定;取消,使无效 credit n. 信用;学分;信任;认可vt. 存入金额;把……归于 charge vt. & vi. 充电;收费;控告;谴责;使……承担责任;使充满 n. 收费;控告;谴责;掌管 . 5 重点单词·词性转换 1. survive vt. 幸存;生还;幸免于→ n. 幸存,残存物;生存→ n. 幸存者;生还者;残存物 2. broad adj. 宽的,辽阔的→ vi. 扩大,变阔;变宽 vt. 使扩大;使变宽 3. refer vi. 参考;涉及;提到;查阅→ n. 参考,参照;涉及,提及 4. benefit n. 利益,好处 vt. 有益于→ adj. 有益的,有用的 5. intelligent adj. 智能的;聪明的→ n. 智力;理解力;才智,智慧 Survival survivor broaden reference beneficial intelligence . 6 重点单词·用准 6. favour n. 偏爱;赞同,帮助 vt. 赞成;较喜欢;有助于→ adj. 有利的;良好的;赞成的 7. involve vt. 包含;牵涉;使陷于;潜心于→ n. 参与;牵连;包含 8. apply vt. & vi. 申请;涂,敷;应用→ n. 应用;申请;应用程序;敷 9. ignore vt. 驳回诉讼;忽视;不理睬→ adj. 无知的;愚昧的→ n. 无知,愚昧;不知 10. permit vi. & vt. 许可;允许n. 许可证,执照 → n. 允许,许可 favourable involvement application ignorant ignorance permission . 7 重点单词·用准 16. conduct vt. & vi. 组织,实施;指挥;引导;举止→ n. 指挥;售票员;导体 17. surround vt. 围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关→ adj. 周围的→ n. 周围的事物;环境 18. free adj. 自由的;免费的→ n. 自由→ adv. 自由地;畅通地 19. declare vt. 表明,宣称;公布,宣布;申报→ n. 表明,宣称;公布,宣布 20. nation n. 国家;民族→ adj. 国家的;民族的→ n. 国籍;民族 21. marry vi. & vt. 结婚;嫁;娶;把……嫁给→ n. 结婚,婚姻;已婚状态 conductor surrounding surroundings freedom freely declaration national nationality marriage . 8 重点单词详解 知识点1　survival n．生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物 (教材原句P44)Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu，malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.由于她发现了青蒿素，世界各地的疟疾患者现在有了极大的生存机会。 [例1]　 If you develop AIDS，your chance of survival is very small.如果你得了艾滋病，生存的概率很小。 [例2]　A lot of small companies have to fight for survival.很多小公司不得不为生存而拼搏。 【拓展】 (1)survive vt.& vi. 生还；残存；比……活的时间长 survive on... 仅靠……维持生计 survive sb.by... 比某人多活…… (2)survivor n. 生存者；残存者；幸存者 . 9 重点单词详解 知识点2 intend vi.& vt.想要，计划；意指 (教材原句P44)In the 1960s，many people were dying of malaria，and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease.20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾。1969年，屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长，这个课题组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。 [例1]　 I intend that you(should) be invited by them.我打算让他们邀请你。 [例2]　What do you intend doing when you get to this place?你打算到这里干什么？ 【拓展】 ※be intended for专门为……准备/打算 be intended to do sth.专为做某事而设计的；旨在做某事 intend sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事 intend to do/doing sth.打算做某事，计划做某事 ※intention n．用意；目的；意图 with the intention of为了，以……为目的/意图 . 10 重点短语 1. refer to　　　　　　   2. speed up 　 　　　 3. pay off 　　 　　 　　　　　 4. through trial and error 　　　　　 5. by accident 　　 　　　 6. with a bang 　　　 　　　　 　　　　　　 7. let sb. down 　　　　　　 8. as to 　　 　　　 9. take it for granted 　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 　 10. put forward 　　 　　 　　　 参考;查阅;涉及;指的是 (使)加速  成功;奏效;达到目的  反复试验  偶然;意外地 很成功;引人注意;有强烈影响  使某人失望  至于;关于  想当然地认为;认为……是理所当然   提出;提议;建议  . 11 重点句型 1. 序数词后不定式作定语 Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history.   屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家,她获奖是因为她在抗击人类历史上最致命的疾病之一——疟疾方面做出的贡献。 2. 过去分词短语作状语 Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. 据一本1 600多年前的古籍记载,古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物,受此启发,屠呦呦重新设计了实验,为了不破坏其有效成分,她尝试在低温下提取这种草药。 . 12 重点句型 3. It is/was + adj. +to do However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited. 然而,由于研究资源有限,很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。 4. find+宾语+宾语补足语 The story goes like this: Franklin had found lightning interesting for years, believing it was actually electricity. 故事是这样的:多年来,富兰克林发现闪电很有趣,他认为它实际上是电。  5. be of +名词 The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things. 科学体现价值的第一种方式对每个人而言都耳熟能详:科学知识让我们能做各种各样的事,造不同种类的东西。 . 13 单元语法 1.过去分词作定语 (1)前置定语 一般情况下,单个过去分词作前置定语,即放在所修饰词之前。 The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera . 被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。 The recovered animals will be released soon. 痊愈的动物会很快被释放。 过去分词做定语、状语和宾语补足语 . 单元语法 有些过去分词表示特定含义时,单独作定语也可放在所修饰的名词之后， 如left (剩余的) given (所给的) concerned (有关的)等。 There are few tigers left. It is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out . 剩余的老虎不多了,是相关部门采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no 与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个分词也放在被修饰词的后面。 Is there anything unsolved? 还有什么没解决的吗？ . 单元语法 （2）后置定语 过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语,即放在所修饰词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。 Last Tuesday in a mountainous area , there were a total of 173 sheep killed almost immediately ( = which were killed almost immediately ) when lightning struck. 上周二在一个山区, 有173只羊在被闪电击中时即刻死亡。 . 单元语法 （3）过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别： 语态 时态 被动 主动 完成 进行 形式 意义 过去分词 现在分词 As we all know , China is a developing country . The visitor came from a developed country . . 单元语法 （4）过去分词（done）、现在分词的被动语态（being done）与动词不定式(to be done)作定语的区别： 意义 形式 语态 时态 done being done to be done 被动 被动 被动 完成 进行 尚未发生 . 单元语法 意义 形式 语态 时态 done being done to be done 被动 被动 被动 完成 进行 尚未发生 The building built last year is our classroom building. 去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building being built now is our classroom building. 现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building to be built next month is our classroom building. 下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 表被动、完成 表被动、进行 表被动、尚未发生 . 单元语法 意义 形式 时态 done being done to be done 被动 被动 被动 完成 进行 尚未发生 2.过去分词作状语 过去分词(短语)作状语,表示被动的或完成的动作, 这时句子的主语和过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动关系。 Written in a hurry , this article was not so good . 被写、写完 . 单元语法 意义 形式 done being done to be done 被动 被动 被动 完成 进行 尚未发生 Asked about his address ( = When he was asked about his address ) , the boy didn ' t respond . Annoyed at the decision ( = As he was annoyed at the decision ) , he refused to attend the meeting . Given more time ( = If they were given more time ) the trees could grow taller . Though having been warned of the storm ( = Though they had been warned of the storm ) , the farmers were still working in the fields. Followed by a group of students , the teacher entered the classroom . = The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of students . 过去分词通常在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随状语等。 时间状语 原因状语 条件状语 让步状语 方式、伴随状语 . 单元语法 意义 形式 done being done to be done 被动 被动 被动 完成 进行 尚未发生 注意: 过去分词(短语)作状语时,前面有时可以加上 when , if , while , though , even if , until , unless等连词 , 这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语+be的多种形式”)。需要注意的是,省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或为it。 Even if invited ( = Even if I ' m invited ) , I won ' t take part in the party . 即使受到邀请,我也不会参加那个聚会的。 . 主题写作 An introduction to someone you admire 人物简介的一般步骤可以概括为5个字: 概、貌、育、平、评 1. 概指概况: age, family background, identity 2. 貌指外貌: appearance, character, hobby 3. 育指教育: education background 4. 平指生平: big events, achievements & influence (in time order) 5. 评指评价: evaluation . 23 主题写作 Body Ending Beginning Basic information (Name, identity...) Experience Achievements Impressive story The reason why you admire him/her. Structure 引出人物---简要介绍基本信息如生平，教育，职业等 介绍人物主要经历---挑比较重要的事迹进行描写，贡献或成就等 人物评价及对作者的影响---人格，贡献，闪光点 注意：运用正确的时态。描写人物的外貌、性格、兴趣等常用 ，而描写人物的出生地、教育背景、经历、事迹时常用 ____________ 一般现在时 一般过去时 人物介绍的写作要点可分为三部分： . 24 主题写作 可以先分解成两个句子。 袁隆平1930年9月7日出生于北京。 他刻苦学习，酷爱农业科学。 Yuan Longping was born in Beijing on 7th September 1930. He studied hard and showed a passion for agricultural science. 高级句式： 袁隆平1930年9月7日出生于北京，刻苦学习，酷爱农业科学。 Yuan Longping was born in Beijing on 7th September 1930, who studied hard and showed a passion for agricultural science.(非限制性定语从句) Born in Beijing on 7th September 1930, Yuan Longping studied hard and showed a passion for agricultural science.（分词做状语） . 25 主题写作 be born in have/show a passion for be talented in... graduate from 1.引出人物：--- 简单介绍人物背景 语料积累 (出生日期/出生地+职业/兴趣) 佳句积累 The person I admire most is…., Of all the outstanding people, I admire…. the most. There are many respectable people around us. The one who I admire most is.... When talking about......, I can't help but think of sb, a famous....... When it comes to, the person I admire most is....... . 26 主题写作 2.介绍人物主要经历 做…工作：____________ 把…奉献给…：___________________ 起关键性作用：______________ 坚定的决心___________________ 在…获得巨大的成功：___________________ 下定决心做某事：_____________________ work as devote oneself/entire life to... play a crucial role in strong will and determination achieve great success in... / take up a position as make up one’s mind to do / be determined to do sth 重要句型 ......(人名), who was born in......(时间), graduated from......(学校). When he was a boy, he showed a passion for sth. Graduating from + 大学+ in 年份, he worked as + 职业. After graduating from…., he/she spend most of his /her time in doing/on… In order to ..., he made up his mind to do... 为了…，他决定做….. With strong will and great determination, he achieved the great success in... 凭借坚强的意志和坚定的决心，他在……方面取得了巨大的成功…… . 27 主题写作 3.人物评价及对作者的影响---重要词汇 为某人赢得好名声：_______________ 做出巨大贡献：________________________ 被授予……：________________ 作为……而闻名：__________________ 被尊称为________________________ 树立好榜样：_________________ 值得我们崇拜和尊重：_________________________________ earn sb a good reputation make great contributions to be awarded... be known/famous as be honored as set a good example deserve our admiration and respect 重要句型 1. It is his determination that inspires me to go on when I have difficulty in learning. 正是他的决心激励我在学习有困难时继续前进。 2. Having set a great example for us, he is an excellent person who fully deserves our admiration and respect. 他为我们树立了一个伟大的榜样，是一个非常优秀的人，值得我们钦佩和尊重。 3. To sum up, she serves as an inspiration to me. She inspires me to bravely overcome difficulties, face up to challenges, and live life to the fullest. 她激励着我。她激励我勇敢地克服困难，面对挑战，充实地生活。 . 28 主题写作 Reading for writing 姓名： 袁隆平 出生： 1930年，北京 毕业院校： 西南农学院 职业： 科学家 工作经历： 大学毕业后，他从事农业教学和研究工作 在1975年，他成功培育出了杂交水稻， 成就： 提高了水稻产量，有助于消除世界饥饿 被誉为“杂交水稻之父” 西南农学院： Southwest Agricultural College 他从事农业教学和研究工作 agricultural teaching and research 培育出了杂交水稻 breed hybrid rice 杂交水稻之父 the father of hybrid rice 提高了水稻产量， 有助于消除世界饥饿 improve the rice production and help rid the world of hunger 参考词汇 . 29 主题写作 The person I admire most is Yuan Longping. Born in Beijing in 1930 , Yuan Longping , who is one of the greatest scientist, showed a passion for researching rice. After graduating from Southwest Agricultural College, he spent most of his time on agricultural teaching and research. Despite many difficulties, he managed to overcome them. With strong will and great determination, he achieved the great success in breeding hybrid rice, which improved the rice production and helped rid the world of hunger. So he is known as the father of hybrid rice. Having set a great example for us, he is an excellent person who fully deserves our admiration and respect. . 30 主题写作 The person I admire most is _______(人）. Born in _______(地点/时间）, _______（人），who is one of the greatest _______(职业）, showed a passion for___________(方面） After graduating from __________(学校）, he/she spent most of his /her time in doing/on___________. Despite many difficulties, he/she managed to overcome them. With strong will and great determination, he achieved the great success in_________, which made him _____________(成就）. Having set a great example for us, he is an excellent person who fully deserves our admiration and respect. 我最崇拜的人是_______(人）. 出生于_______(地点/时间）, _______（人），是最伟大_______(职业）的人之一, 表现出对___________(方面）的热情。 在__________(学校）毕业后, 他/她大部分时间都花在做___________上。尽管有许多困难，他/她还是设法克服了。凭借坚强的意志和坚定的决心，他在_________取得了巨大的成功，这使他_____________(成就）. 为我们树立了一个伟大的榜样，他是一个非常优秀的人，值得我们钦佩和尊重。 写英雄/伟人/敬佩的人的模板 . 31 课堂巩固 1.The man stood outside the house silently, (move) to tears. 2. (catch) in a heavy rain，the new manager missed the important meeting. 3. (attract) by a particular article in a magazine，she bought it. 4.The speaker asked them to find the balloons that had their names (write) on within five minutes. 5.He felt his collar (pull)by someone from behind. moved Caught Attracted written pulled . 课堂巩固 6. (found)on love and mutual respect，their marriage is a happy one. 7.It is a large city (surround) by mountains and the climate is nice. 8. (influence)mainly by Joy，most of Riley's memories are happy ones. 9.These interests were increased with more time (spend) in the deserts of Arizona. 10. (prevent) from playing her role in Riley's emotional development，Alice feels annoyed. Founded surrounded Influenced spent Prevented . 课堂巩固 Tony：If my pet dies，I won't clone it.Even if the 1. (clone) pet looks the same as the original one，it won't behave in the same way.Besides，it won't remember me.I think cloning 2. (do) by scientists is dangerous.The problems 3. (create) by cloning will soon become clear.I think we should be cautious and use good judgment when 4. (make) decisions about cloning.We won't want beasts 5. (produce) by scientists to replace us one day. Brian：I think cloning pets is a great idea.I feel so 6. (excite)．Families with pets often become 7. (disappoint) when their pets die.With cloning，if your pet dies，you can have a new one that looks the same as the original pet.The technology 8. (use) is amazing.The only thing 9. (need) is a cell from your old pet.We will help you clone your pet！Though it costs some money，you will be 10. (delight) to be with her again. cloned done created making produced excited disappointed used needed delighted . 谢谢观看 THANKS 译林版2020必修三 高一·英语 35 $