Unit 4 词汇 2025-2026学年沪教版八年级英语下册

2026-02-03
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8下Unit 4 精讲精练 1. all walks of life 音标:[ɔːl wɔːks ɒv laɪf] 词性词义:n.(名词短语)各行各业;各界人士 词性转换/拓展:walk(n. 行业;领域;v. 行走);life(n. 生活;人生) 短语搭配:people from all walks of life(来自各行各业的人);represent all walks of life(代表各界人士) 例句:The festival attracts visitors from all walks of life. / He has friends from all walks of life. 即学即练: 翻译题:This policy is beneficial to people from _______ (各行各业). (答案: all walks of life) 填空题:The conference invited experts from _______ (各行各业) to share their experience. (答案:all walks of life) 2. masterpiece 音标:[ˈmɑːstəpiːs] 词性词义:n.(名词)杰作;代表作;典范 词性转换/拓展:master(n. 大师;v. 精通);masterful(adj. 技艺精湛的) 短语搭配:a literary masterpiece(文学杰作);an artistic masterpiece(艺术瑰宝) 例句:Shakespeare’s Hamlet is a world-famous masterpiece. / This painting is considered the artist’s greatest masterpiece. 即学即练: 翻译题:The novel has been praised as a modern ____ (杰作). (答案:B. masterpiece) 填空题:The musician spent three years creating this ____ (杰作). (答案:masterpiece) 3. separate 音标:形容词:[ˈsepərət];动词:[ˈsepəreɪt] 词性词义:adj.(形容词)分开的;单独的;独立的;v.(动词)分开;分离;区分 词性转换/拓展:separation(n. 分离;分开);separately(adv. 分别地;单独地) 短语搭配:separate A from B(把A和B分开);separate rooms(单独的房间);separate into(分成) 例句:The two cities are separated by a river.(动词)/ They live in separate houses.(形容词) 即学即练: 填空题:We need to ____ (分开) the good apples from the bad ones. (答案: separate) 填空题:After the ____ (separate), they never met again. (答案:separation) 4. next to 音标:[nekst tuː] 词性词义:介词短语,在……旁边;紧挨着;仅次于 词性转换/拓展:next(adj. 下一个的;adv. 接下来);to(prep. 向;朝) 短语搭配:sit next to sb.(坐在某人旁边);next to impossible(几乎不可能) 例句:Our classroom is next to the library. / She is next to me in the line. 即学即练: 填空题:The bookstore is ____ (在……旁边) the post office, so we can visit both. (答案:next to) 填空题:There is a small garden ____ (在……旁边) our school gate. (答案:next to) 5. preserve 音标:[prɪˈzɜːv] 词性词义:v.(动词)保护;保存;维护;n.(名词)保护区;果酱;防腐剂 词性转换/拓展:preservation(n. 保护;保存);preservative(n. 防腐剂;adj. 防腐的) 短语搭配:preserve cultural relics(保护文物);preserve food(保存食物);nature preserve(自然保护区) 例句:We must preserve the environment for future generations.(动词)/ This is a preserve for rare birds.(名词) 即学即练: 填空题:People use salt to ____ (保存) meat and fish in ancient times. (答案:preserve) 填空题:The ____ (preserve) of traditional skills is very important. (答案:preservation) 6. unfortunately 音标:[ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli] 词性词义:adv.(副词)不幸地;遗憾地;可惜地 词性转换/拓展:fortunate(adj. 幸运的);misfortune(n. 不幸;灾祸);fortunately(adv. 幸运地) 短语搭配:单独使用,用于句首或句中表转折 例句:Unfortunately, he missed the last bus. / She is ill, and unfortunately, she can’t come to the party. 即学即练: 填空题:____ (不幸地), the concert was cancelled due to bad weather. (答案: Unfortunately) 填空题:He is a ____ (fortunate) boy who lost his parents in the accident. (答案:unfortunate) 7. in the mood 音标:[ɪn ðə muːd] 词性词义:短语,有心情;兴致勃勃;情绪好 词性转换/拓展:mood(n. 心情;情绪);moody(adj. 情绪化的;喜怒无常的) 短语搭配:in the mood for sth.(有心情做某事);in the mood to do sth.(有兴致做某事);not in the mood(没心情) 例句:Are you in the mood for a movie tonight? / She is not in the mood to talk right now. 即学即练: 填空题:I’m not ____ (有心情做某事) shopping today. Let’s stay at home. (答案:A. in the mood for) 填空题:He was ____ (有心情) to sing after winning the game. (答案:in the mood) 8. detail 音标:[ˈdiːteɪl] 词性词义:n.(名词)细节;详情;琐事;v.(动词)详述;细说;列举 词性转换/拓展:detailed(adj. 详细的;细致的);in detail(详细地) 短语搭配:pay attention to details(注重细节);go into detail(深入细节);detail sth. to sb.(向某人详述某事) 例句:She told me all the details of the trip.(名词)/ He detailed his plan for the project.(动词) 即学即练: 填空题:The report includes all the important ____ (细节)of the event. (答案: details) 填空题:Please give a ____ (detail) description of what happened. (答案:detailed) 9. make up one's mind 音标:[meɪk ʌp wʌnz maɪnd] 词性词义:短语动词,下定决心;拿定主意;作出决定 词性转换/拓展:mind(n. 头脑;想法;v. 介意);decision(n. 决定) 短语搭配:make up one's mind to do sth.(下定决心做某事);change one's mind(改变主意) 例句:She finally made up her mind to study abroad. / It’s hard to make up my mind which book to choose. 即学即练: 填空题:After thinking for a long time, he ____ (下定决心) to join the football team. (答案: made up his mind) 填空题:I ____ (下定决心) to improve my English this term. (答案:make up my mind) 10. graduate 音标:动词:[ˈɡrædʒueɪt];名词:[ˈɡrædʒuət] 词性词义:v.(动词)毕业;获得学位;n.(名词)毕业生;研究生 词性转换/拓展:graduation(n. 毕业;毕业典礼);graduate student(研究生) 短语搭配:graduate from(从……毕业);graduate in(毕业于……专业);college graduate(大学毕业生) 例句:He graduated from Peking University last year.(动词)/ She is a graduate of a famous art school.(名词) 即学即练: 填空题:My sister will ____ (毕业)from high school next summer. (答案: graduate) 填空题:We attended the ____ (graduate) ceremony of our classmates. (答案:graduation) 11. temperature 音标:[ˈtemprətʃə(r)] 词性词义:n.(名词)温度;体温;气温 词性转换/拓展:temperate(adj. 温和的;温带的);thermometer(n. 温度计) 短语搭配:take one's temperature(量体温);high temperature(高温);normal temperature(正常体温) 例句:The temperature will drop below zero tomorrow. / The nurse took my temperature and said it was normal. 即学即练: 填空题:You should ____ (量体温)if you feel sick. (答案:take your temperature) 填空题:The ____ (temperature) in the desert can be very high during the day. (答案:temperature) 12. pass along 音标:[pɑːs əˈlɒŋ] 词性词义:短语动词,传递;转达;沿……走;继续前进 词性转换/拓展:pass(v. 传递;通过);along(adv. 向前;沿着) 短语搭配:pass along a message(转达消息);pass along the street(沿着街道走);pass along knowledge(传授知识) 例句:Please pass along my best wishes to your parents. / We passed along the river to the park. 即学即练: 填空题:Could you ____ (转达)this letter to Mr. Smith? (答案: pass along) 填空题:She ____ (转达) the teacher’s words to the whole class. (答案:passed along) 13. master 音标:动词:[ˈmɑːstə(r)];名词:[ˈmɑːstə(r)] 词性词义:v.(动词)精通;掌握;征服;n.(名词)大师;主人;硕士 词性转换/拓展:mastery(n. 精通;掌握);masterful(adj. 熟练的;专横的) 短语搭配:master a skill(掌握一项技能);a master of art(艺术大师);master’s degree(硕士学位) 例句:He spent years mastering the piano.(动词)/ Picasso is a master of modern art.(名词) 即学即练: 填空题:It takes hard work to ____ (掌握) a foreign language. (答案:master) 填空题:Her ____ (master) of painting surprised everyone. (答案:mastery) 14. exhibition 音标:[ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn] 词性词义:n.(名词)展览;展览会;展示;表现 词性转换/拓展:exhibit(v. 展览;展示;n. 展品);exhibitor(n. 参展商) 短语搭配:hold an exhibition(举办展览);art exhibition(艺术展);on exhibition(展出中) 例句:We visited an exhibition of ancient coins last weekend. / Her painting is on exhibition at the museum. 即学即练: 填空题:The ____ (展览) of modern technology attracted a lot of visitors. (答案:Bexhibition) 填空题:The artist will ____ (exhibit) his new works next month. (答案:exhibit) 15. all the time 音标:[ɔːl ðə taɪm] 词性词义:短语,一直;始终;总是 词性转换/拓展:all(adj. 所有的);time(n. 时间) 短语搭配:单独使用,可置于句首、句中或句末 例句:He is talking on the phone all the time. / It rains all the time in this season. 即学即练: 填空题:She is late for class _____ (一直), which makes the teacher angry. (答案:all the time) 填空题:The baby cries ____ (一直) when his mother is not around. (答案:all the time) 16. copy 音标:动词:[ˈkɒpi];名词:[ˈkɒpi] 词性词义:v.(动词)复制;抄写;模仿;n.(名词)副本;复印件;复制品 词性转换/拓展:copycat(n. 抄袭者;模仿者);copied(adj. 复制的;抄袭的) 短语搭配:copy down(抄写;记下);a copy of(一本;一份);copy sb.’s style(模仿某人的风格) 例句:She copied the notes from the blackboard.(动词)/ Can I have a copy of your report?(名词) 即学即练: 填空题:Please ____ (抄写;记下) these new words in your notebook. (答案:copy down) 填空题:This is a ____ (copy) of the original document. (答案:copy) 17. be at one with ... 音标:[bi æt wʌn wɪð] 词性词义:短语,与……融为一体;与……和谐相处;与……打成一片 词性转换/拓展:one(adj. 统一的;adv. 一致地);with(prep. 和……一起) 短语搭配:be at one with nature(与自然融为一体);be at one with sb.(与某人和谐相处) 例句:When she paints, she feels at one with the world. / He is at one with his teammates. 即学即练: 填空题:The poet seems to ____ (与自然融为一体)nature in his works. (答案: be at one with) 填空题:After living in the village for years, she ____ (与村民们和谐相处). (答案:is at one with the villagers) 18. damage 音标:动词:[ˈdæmɪdʒ];名词:[ˈdæmɪdʒ] 词性词义:v.(动词)损害;损坏;破坏;n.(名词)损害;损失;损坏 词性转换/拓展:damaged(adj. 损坏的;受损的);damaging(adj. 有破坏性的) 短语搭配:cause damage to(对……造成损害);damage sth. badly(严重损坏某物);do damage to(损害……) 例句:The storm damaged many houses in the town.(动词)/ The accident caused great damage to his car.(名词) 即学即练: 填空题:Smoking can ____ (损害)your health seriously. (答案: damage) 填空题:The ____ (damage) bridge is being repaired now. (答案:damaged) 19. at last 音标:[æt lɑːst] 词性词义:短语,最后;终于;最终 词性转换/拓展:last(adj. 最后的;adv. 最后) 短语搭配:单独使用,常用于句首或句末,强调经过努力或等待后 例句:At last, we succeeded in climbing the mountain. / She finished her homework at last. 即学即练: 填空题:After many failures, he ____ (最后) achieved his dream. (答案:at last) 填空题:____ (最后), the lost child was found by the police. (答案:At last) 20. priceless 音标:[ˈpraɪsləs] 词性词义:adj.(形容词)无价的;极珍贵的;宝贵的 词性转换/拓展:price(n. 价格;v. 定价);pricelessly(adv. 无价地);valuable(adj. 珍贵的,近义词) 短语搭配:priceless treasures(无价之宝);priceless memories(珍贵的回忆) 例句:The ancient jade is a priceless cultural relic. / Her smile is priceless to me. 即学即练: 填空题:The family photos are ____ to her— she will never sell them. (答案:priceless) 填空题:The museum collects many ____ (price) works of art. (答案:priceless) 21. whenever 音标:[wenˈevə(r)] 词性词义:conj.(连词)无论何时;每当;随时 词性转换/拓展:when(adv. 什么时候;conj. 当……时);ever(adv. 曾经;无论何时) 短语搭配:whenever sb. does sth.(每当某人做某事);whenever possible(只要有可能) 例句:Call me whenever you need help. / Whenever I visit her, she is busy with reading. 即学即练: 填空题:_______(无论何时)you come, you are welcome to stay with us. (答案:Whenever) 填空题:He helps me with my math ____ (无论何时) I ask him. (答案:whenever) 22. limit 音标:动词:[ˈlɪmɪt];名词:[ˈlɪmɪt] 词性词义:v.(动词)限制;限定;约束;n.(名词)限制;界限;限度 词性转换/拓展:limited(adj. 有限的);limitless(adj. 无限的);limitation(n. 限制;局限) 短语搭配:limit sth. to(把某物限制在……);set a limit(设定限制);within limits(在合理范围内) 例句:We should limit our screen time.(动词)/ There is no age limit for this competition.(名词) 即学即练: 填空题:The company ____ (限制) the number of employees to 50. (答案:limited) 填空题:Our time is ____ (limit), so we need to hurry up. (答案:limited) 23. alone 音标:adj.([əˈləʊn]);adv.([əˈləʊn]) 词性词义:adj.(形容词)单独的;独自的;唯一的;adv.(副词)单独地;独自地;仅仅 词性转换/拓展:lonely(adj. 孤独的;荒凉的,表情感或环境) 短语搭配:leave sb. alone(不打扰某人);live alone(独自居住);alone with(与……独处) 例句:She likes to be alone in her room.(形容词)/ He went to the park alone.(副词) 即学即练: 填空题:He lives ____ (一个人), but he never feels ____(孤独). (答案: alone, lonely) 填空题:She finished the task ____ (独自地) without any help. (答案:alone) 24. daughter 音标:[ˈdɔːtə(r)] 词性词义:n.(名词)女儿;闺女 词性转换/拓展:daughter-in-law(n. 儿媳);daughterly(adj. 女儿般的) 短语搭配:eldest daughter(大女儿);youngest daughter(小女儿);only daughter(独生女) 例句:He has a son and a daughter. / My daughter is studying in a middle school. 即学即练: 填空题:Her ____ (女儿) won the first prize in the English competition. (答案:daughter) 填空题:The old man loves his ____ (daughter) very much. (答案:daughter) 25. in one sitting 音标:[ɪn wʌn ˈsɪtɪŋ] 词性词义:短语,一口气;一次看完;一次做完(不中断) 词性转换/拓展:sit(v. 坐;sitting(n. 一次坐的时间;开会时间) 短语搭配:finish sth. in one sitting(一口气做完某事);read a book in one sitting(一口气读完一本书) 例句:I can’t finish this novel in one sitting— it’s too long. / She ate three bowls of rice in one sitting. 即学即练: 填空题:He watched the whole movie ____ (一口气)because it was so exciting. (答案:in one sitting) 填空题:She finished writing the article ____ (一口气) before dinner. (答案:in one sitting) 26. lifestyle 音标:[ˈlaɪfstaɪl] 词性词义:n.(名词)生活方式;生活形态 词性转换/拓展:life(n. 生活);style(n. 风格;方式);lifestyle changes(生活方式的改变) 短语搭配:healthy lifestyle(健康的生活方式);modern lifestyle(现代生活方式);change one's lifestyle(改变生活方式) 例句:A healthy diet and exercise can improve your lifestyle. / His lifestyle is simple and peaceful. 即学即练: 填空题:She changed her ____ (生活方式) to spend more time with her family. (答案:lifestyle) 填空题:We should develop a ____ (healthy) lifestyle from an early age. (答案:healthy) 27. require 音标:[rɪˈkwaɪə(r)] 词性词义:v.(动词)需要;要求;规定;依赖 词性转换/拓展:requirement(n. 要求;必要条件);required(adj. 必需的;规定的) 短语搭配:require sb. to do sth.(要求某人做某事);require sth. of sb.(对某人要求某物);require doing sth.(需要被做某事) 例句:The job requires a lot of patience. / The rules require all students to wear uniforms. 即学即练: 选择题:This task ____ (要求) us to work together closely. (答案 requires) 填空题:What are the ____ (require) for applying to this school? (答案:requirements) 28. sculpture 音标:名词:[ˈskʌlptʃə(r)];动词:[ˈskʌlptʃə(r)] 词性词义:n.(名词)雕塑;雕刻品;雕刻艺术;v.(动词)雕刻;雕塑;塑造 词性转换/拓展:sculptor(n. 雕塑家;雕刻家);sculptural(adj. 雕塑的;雕刻般的) 短语搭配:stone sculpture(石雕);bronze sculpture(青铜雕塑);sculpture sth. out of(用……雕刻某物) 例句:We saw many beautiful sculptures in the art gallery.(名词)/ He sculpted a rabbit out of clay.(动词) 即学即练: 填空题:The ____ (雕塑)in the square was made by a famous sculptor. (答案:sculpture) 填空题:The artist ____ (sculpture) a beautiful flower for his daughter. (答案:sculpted) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 4 词汇   2025-2026学年沪教版八年级英语下册
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Unit 4 词汇   2025-2026学年沪教版八年级英语下册
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Unit 4 词汇   2025-2026学年沪教版八年级英语下册
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