内容正文:
Unit 1 Past and present 单元复习
词句背默清单
重点单词
1. n. 地铁
2. n. 速度
3. adj. 拥挤的
4. adj. 方便的
5. n. 创新(会读)
6. adj. 南部的,南方的
7. adj. 高技术的,高科技的(尤指电子方面)
8. n. 先锋,先驱
9. n. 改革
10. n. (=tech) 技术
11. n. 行业;工业
12. n. 大公司;巨人,庞然大物(会读)
13. v.&vi. 引领,领导 n. 领先地位;负责人;主演
14. n. 改变,转变,动摇
15. n. 大量,丰富;财富
16. adj. 优秀的,杰出的,极好的
17. adj. 教育的,有关教育的
18. n. 奖,奖项
19. n. 民众 adj. 公共的;公众的
20. n. 居民,市民;公民
21. adj. 电动的
22. prep.&conj. 自... 以来
23. n. 发展,成长
24. adj. 开拓性的
25. n. 创造力
26. adv. 无疑,肯定
27. adj. 举世闻名的
28. adv. 最近
29. adv. 已经,早已
30. adv. 尚 (未),还
31. n. 记者
32. vi. 迈步,踩,踏,行走
33. adj. 宽的,宽阔的
34. adj. 泥泞的(会读)
35. n. 村民
36. adj. 近来的,新近的
37. adj. 抱有希望,满怀希望
38. n. 旅游业,观光业
39. n. 看法,想法
40. adj. 普遍的;共同的
词汇拓展
1. south(n. 南部)—(adj. 南部的)
2. recent(adj. 近来的)—(adv. 最近)
3. convenient(adj. 方便的)—(n. 便利)
4. develop(v. 发展)—(n. 发展)
5. industry(n. 行业)—(pl. 行业)
6. wealth(n. 财富)—(adj. 富有的)
7. crowd(n. 人群)—(adj. 拥挤的)
8. wide(adj. 宽的)—(adv. 广泛地)
9. hope(v. 希望)—(adj. 抱有希望的)
10. possible(adj. 可能的)—(adv. 可能)
重点短语
1. 中国的改革开放
2. 在……的核心at the of
3. ……的所在地home
4. 大量的,丰富的a of
5. 除……之外,也,还.as as
6. ……的象征a of
7. ……的关键the key
8. 谋生 make a
9. 发现find
10. 四处走动 get
11. 与……有关 have/has a with
12. 到目前为止 to now
13. 爱上……
14. 一排排的 of
15. 在某人的年纪时 be one's
16. 那时 then
重点句子
1. 创新正是这座城市的核心。 Innovation at the of the city.
2. 如今,它正引领着从“中国制造”向“中国创造”的转变。 Today, it is the move from “Made in China” “Created in China”.
3. 自1970年代后期以来,深圳以惊人的速度发展,已成为中国发展的象征。 the late 1970s, Shenzhen has at an speed and has become a of China's development.
4. 深圳为成为文化中心做了哪些努力?What has Shenzhen made to become a cultural
?
5. 40多年来,它吸引了数以百万的人来这里工作和生活。For more than 40 years, it has of people to work and live here.
6. 你之前去过深圳吗? Shenzhen before?
7. 政府刚刚把市中心的一部分改造成了一个新公园。 The government has just part of the town into a new park.
8. 你可以说我爱上了深圳——感觉它像家一样。 You could say I have Shenzhen—it feels like home.
9. 事实上,过去几年里发生了很多变化。 In , there have been lots of changes the past few years.
10. 你在这里的时候注意到这些中的任何一项了吗? Have you any of these while you've been here?
11. 在这座城市里出行非常方便。 the city.
12. 街上经常可见垃圾。 There was often rubbish in the streets.
13. 村民们为这些变化感到高兴。People in the village the changes.
14. 现在坐公共汽车、出租车或地铁很常见。 Now it is to take a bus, a taxi or the underground.
重点知识详解
知识点1: I used to go to school by bike.我过去骑自行车去上学。
used to 曾经 暗含“现在不再”之意,后接动词原形。
I used to read English in the evening, but now I usually read it in the morning. 我过去常常在晚上读英语,但我现在通常在早上读。
拓展
①used to do sth结构的否定形式有两种:
一是在 used 后面加 not,即 used not to do sth;
二是在 used 前面加 didn't,并将used 改为动词原形 use,即 didn't use to do sth。
在口语中常用后一种形式。
(2)辨析: used to do sth, be used to do sth 与 be/ get used to doing sth
used to do sth
过去常常做某事
含有现在已不再发生或存在之意
be used to do sth
被用于做某事
是被动语态,动词不定式表示目的,可用于多种时态
be/ get used to doing sth 某事
习惯于做
可用于现在、过去、将来等多种时态
1.My sister have short hair.(= My sister used not to have short hair.)我姐姐以前不留短发。
2.He to sleep at 11 o’ clock in the evening.他过去常常在晚上11点睡觉。
3.Wood make houses. 材被用来建房子。
4.He to sleep early. 他习惯于早睡。
知识点2:When I was young, there were only a few buses, and they were always crowded.在我小时候,只有几辆公共汽车,而且它们总是很拥挤。
(1)辨析:a few, few,a little与little
四者都可用作限定词或代词,但用法和意义却不同。
a few 一些,少量
表示肯定意义
修饰或指代可数名词复数
few
不多,很少
表示否定意义
a little
一点儿,少许
表示肯定意义
修饰或指
little 不多,很少
表示否定意义
代不可数名词
(2) crowded〔形容词〕拥挤的
可在句中作定语或表语。反义词 uncrowded意为“不拥挤的”。
(be) crowded with挤满了……
拓展 crowd〔名词〕人群
This is a crowded street. 这是一条拥挤的街道。
1.There are eggs in the fridge, so I needn't buy any.冰箱里还有几个鸡蛋,所以我不必去买(鸡蛋)。
2.There are eggs in the fridge, so I must buy some.冰箱里几乎没有鸡蛋了,所以我必须买一些(鸡蛋)。
3.There's milk in the cup. 杯子里有一点儿牛奶。
4.There's milk in the cup. 杯子里几乎没有牛奶了。
5.The room is with books. 这个房间里堆满了书。
知识点3:The rise of Shenzhen, a city of innovation深圳的崛起———座创新之城
rise
①〔名词〕(重要性、优势、权力等的)增强
We are studying the rise of the internet in history class.我们正在历史课上学习互联网的兴起。
②〔名词〕(数量或水平的)增加,提高There is a rise in the number of students in our school.我们学校的学生人数有所增加。
③〔不及物动词〕(rose, risen)(数量、价值或数字的)增加,增长
rise by 上升了…… rise to上升到……
The river has risen by 1 metre after the rain.雨后这条河上升了1米。
④〔不及物动词〕(太阳、月亮等)上升;升起其反义词是 set“(太阳、月亮等)落下”。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.太阳每天东升西落。
拓展 raise〔及物动词〕举起;提起
1.The price to seven yuan per litre. 价格上升到了每升7元钱。
2.He a hand in greeting. 他扬起手表示问候。
知识点4:Innovation lies at the heart of the city.创新正是这座城市的核心。
lie〔不及物动词〕现在分词形式:lying
①存在,在于 常与介词 in连用。
The secret of happiness helping others.快乐的秘诀在于帮助他人。
②位于,坐落在 Guilin lies on the two sides of the Lijiang River.桂林位于漓江两岸。
The town a small wooded valley. 该城镇坐落于一个林木茂盛的小山谷中。
③躺The cat is asleep by the fire.这只猫正卧在炉火旁睡觉。
④说谎lie to sb 对某人说谎 Please don't to me.请别对我说谎。
注意 动词 lie词义不同时,过去式、过 ---;去分词也不相同:
知识点5:Today, it is leading the move from“Made in China” to“Created in China”.如今,它正引领着从“中国制造”到“中国创造”的转变。
(1) lead [动词] (led, led)
①引领;领导 lead sb to…引领某人到……;带领某人去……
The road leads you to the station. 你沿这条路就可以到达车站。
②导致 lead to 导致
lead sb to do sth 导致/促使某人做某事
What led him to think so? 什么导致他这样想?
拓展 leader[名词]领导者
(2) move ①[名词]改变,转变
Our country is leading the move from fossil fuels to clean energy.我们国家正引领着从化石燃料到清洁能源的转变。
②[名词]移动;活动 Don't make a move!别动!
③[动词]搬家;搬迁 move to +地点 搬到某地
They are moving to Beijing in a month. 一个月后,他们将搬到北京。
④[动词]使改变位置,使移动,搬动
1.This will many problems in the future.在将来这将导致许多问题。
2.He a new TV to his bedroom. 他把一台新电视搬到了自己的卧室里。
知识点6:Shenzhen is also active in its drive to become a cultural centre.深圳也积极致力于成为一个文化中心。
drive
①[可数名词](团体为达到某目的而进行的)有组织的努力,运动
The company started a new to improve its products.这家公司启动了一项新举措,以改进其产品。
②[动词](drove, driven)驾驶,开车
He work every day. 他每天开车去上班。
知识点7:It offers a wealth of cultural facilities,such as libraries, museums, theatre sand art spaces, as well as many excellent cultural and educational activities.它提供了丰富的文化设施,如图书馆、博物馆、剧院和艺术空间,以及许多优质的文化和教育活动。
(1) offer〔及物动词〕主动提出,自愿给予
① offer sth 提供某物
He offered a good plan for our holiday. 他给我们的假期提出了一个好计划。
② offer to do sth(主动)提出做某事
Tom offered to drive us to the bus station. 汤姆主动提出开车送我们去公共汽车站。
③ offer sb sth/ offer sth to sb(主动)给某人提供某物
We should offer others our help. 我们应当主动帮助别人。
(2) wealth〔名词〕大量,丰富,财富;富有
形容词形式为wealthy,意为“富裕的;有钱的”。 a wealth of大量的;丰富的
He is a man of wealth. 他是个富翁。
(3)辨析: such as 与 for example
两者都表示“例如”,但用法有别,具体如下表:
such as
放在列举的事物前
后面不用逗号与其他内容隔开
For example
可放在句首、句中或句末
常用逗号与其他内容隔开,放在句首时,其后有逗号;放在句中时,其前后都有逗号;放在句末时,其前有逗号
The parents are pleased to find their children can help them with some housework such as making the bed, washing and cooking.父母很高兴地发现他们的孩子能帮他们做一些家务活,如铺床、洗衣和做饭。
(4) as well as ①除……之外,也,还
常用来连接对等成分,强调其前的内容,其后的内容只是顺便提及。
We need to buy some vegetables as well as fruit.我们除了要买水果,还需要买些蔬菜。
注意 as well as 连接两个并列成分···作主语时,谓语动词应与 as well as 前的成分在人称和数上保持一致。
拓展 as well 也位于肯定句句末,前面一般不用逗号。
I am going camping and my younger sister is going as well.我要去野营,我妹妹也要去。
②与……一样好
1.Noise, for , is a kind of pollution. 例如,噪声就是一种污染。
2.She sings her elder sister. 她和她姐姐唱得一样好。
3.The website provides a of information. 该网站提供大量的信息。
4.Your elder brother you is friendly to me.不仅你而且你哥哥也对我很友好。
知识点8:Moreover, the city has won an honour from UNESCO for being a role model in encouraging reading among the public.此外,这座城市还因是鼓励民众阅读的典范,而荣获联合国教科文组织颁发的荣誉。
(1) honour
美式英语写法为 honor。
①〔名词〕荣誉;荣幸;尊敬
win an honour 赢得一项荣誉
in honour of…为了表示对……的敬意;为了纪念……
The country set up a holiday in honour of the great musician.为了纪念那位伟大的音乐家,那个国家设立了一个节日。
②〔及物动词〕尊重;表示敬意;给予表扬(或奖励、头衔、称号)
be honoured with…被授予……荣誉
We should honour those who lost their lives in the battle.我们应该向那些在战役中牺牲的人表示敬意。
(2) public
①〔名词〕民众
in public公开地,在别人面前
Is the park open to the public? 这个公园向大众开放吗?
②〔形容词〕公共的;公众的;公开的
You can use the public telephone on the roadside.你可以使用路边的公用电话。
1.The athletes competed for the of their countries.运动员们为了自己国家的荣誉而竞争。
2.I don't like to make a speech 我不喜欢当众发表演说。
3.She decided to make the subject . 她决定把这个话题公开。
知识点9:Even among the busy streets and tall buildings, you can find peace and quiet in this modern city.甚至在繁忙的街道和高楼大厦之间,你也能在这座现代化城市中找到安宁与静谧。
辨析: among与 between两者都可用作介词,表示“在……之间”,但有区别,具体如下:
among
在三者或三者以上之间
Our teacher stands among the students. 我们的老师站在学生们中间。
between
在两者之间
Mary stands between Tom and Frank. 玛丽站在汤姆和弗兰克之间。
知识点10:“Electric buses produce less air pollution and make little noise, and now people here
are enjoying a cleaner environment,”said a city planner.“电动公共汽车产生更少的空气污染,几乎不产生噪声,现在这里的人们正享受着更清洁的环境,”一位城市规划师说道。
(1) electric〔形容词〕电动的
My mother bought an blanket yesterday.昨天我妈妈买了一个电热毯。
拓展 ① electrical〔形容词〕电的,与电有关
My father is an engineer. 我爸爸是一名电力工程师。
② electricity〔不可数名词〕电
The system uses electricity to heat the water. 这个系统用电将水加热。
(2) planner〔名词〕设计者,规划者
The city wants to build a park here. 城市规划师想在这里建一个公园。
The of this school trip did a great job. 这次学校旅行的策划者做得非常出色。
知识点11:Since the late 1970s, Shenzhen has developed at an amazing speed and has become a
symbol of China's development.自20世纪70年代末以来,深圳以惊人的速度发展,已成为中国发展的一个象征。
(1) since
①〔介词〕自……以来 后接表示过去的时间点。
since then 从那时起
We’ve known about it since May. 我们从5月份起就知道这件事了。
②〔连词〕自……以来
引导时间状语从句,该时间状语从句常用一般过去时。
(2)辨析: amazing与 amazed
Dogs are really amazing animals. 狗是非常惊人的动物。
(3) development〔不可数名词〕发展;发育;成长
the development of 的发展
Parents make a big difference to their children's development.父母对他们孩子的成长产生很大影响。
拓展 develop〔动词〕发展,开发;成长,发育
A small seed develops into a tall tree over many years.一粒小种子经过多年会长成参天大树。
1.He has more than 10,000 yuan for homeless people since the summer vacation began.自暑假开始以来,他已经为无家可归的人筹集了1万多元。
2.We haven't seen each other then. 从那以后我们没有见过面。
3.I was at what he said. 我对他说的话感到吃惊。
4.We must do our best to the national economy.我们必须尽我们最大努力来发展国民经济。
知识点12:The city's pioneering spirit, together with the hard work and creativity of its citizens, is certainly the key to its success.这座城市的开拓精神,加上居民的辛勤劳动和创造力,无疑是它成功的关键。
(1) together with ①同……一起
与 along with 表达的意思相近。当用来 连接两个成分作主语时,谓语动词应和前面的成分保持一致。
Together with our family and friends, we are very happy.同我们的家人和朋友在一起,我们非常幸福。
②包括……在内
Together with our neighbours, there are six people in the room.包括我们的邻居在内.房间里有六个人。
(2) certainly 〔副词〕无疑,肯定
①用于连系动词 be、助动词或情态动词之后,行为动词之前。
He can certainly give you some advice. 他肯定能给你一些建议。
②可单独使用,用在答语中表示“当然可以,没问题”,可以与 sure/ of course/ all right等换用。
—— Can you help me organize the English party?你能帮我组织这次英语聚会吗?
—— Certainly.当然可以。
拓展 certain〔形容词〕某……;无疑;肯定 in a certain place在某个地方
(3) success
①〔不可数名词〕成功
Hard work can lead to success. 天道酬勤。
②〔可数名词〕成功的人或事
succeed(v.成功)→success(n。成功)+-ful(形容词后缀) → successful(adj.成功的)+-ly(副词后缀)→successfully(adv.成功地)
1.Jenny, together with the Smiths, in Nanjing.珍妮和史密斯一家住在南京。
2.It is that the sun will tomorrow. 太阳明天一定会升起,这是肯定的。
3.The film was a great . 那部电影大获成功。
知识点13:In the past, most families made a living by fishing。过去,大多数家庭靠捕鱼为生。
make a living 谋生(= make one's living)
make a living by= make one's living by靠……谋生
1.It's not easy to as an artist. 作为一名艺术家谋生并不容易。
2.His father by repairing cars. 他的父亲靠修理汽车谋生。
知识点14:I've just found out many things about Shenzhen from my uncle.我刚从叔叔那里了解到很多关于深圳的事情。
辨析: find out, find与 look for
find out了解(到);弄清
find 发现,找到
look for 寻找
1.I want to some information about dinosaurs on the internet.我想在网上查找一些有关恐龙的信息。
2.I lost my wallet. I it everywhere, but I couldn't it.我的钱包丢了。我到处找了,但没找到。
知识点15:Did he tell you anything else?他还告诉你别的了吗?
anything else 其他任何事情
else修饰不定代词、疑问代词或疑问副词时,放在所修饰词之后。
拓展 形容词修饰 something, anything, no-thing 等不定代词时,要放在这些不定代词的后面,作后置定语。
1.Do you have to say? 你还有别的要说吗?
2.I want to buy for my grandfather, because his birthday is coming.我想要给爷爷买特殊的东西,因为他的生日就要到了。
知识点16:Have you been to Shenzhen before? 你以前去过深圳吗?
have/ has been to+地点名词 去过某地表示现在人已经回来了。当表示地点的词为副词时,省略介词 to。常与表示次数的词(组)(once, twice, three times...)或 ever,never, before 等词连用。
拓展 have/ has gone to + 地点名词 去了某地(还没回来)
1.Have you Beijing before?你以前去过北京吗?
2.I have never abroad.我从没出过国。
3.—— Where is Mr Brown?布朗先生在哪里?
—— He Jinan.他去了济南。
知识点17:You can join me!你可以和我一起去!
辨析: join, attend 与 take part in
join
加入;成为……的一员
指加入某个党派、团体、组织等,并成为其中的一员,如“参军、入团、入党”等
attend
出席;参加
常用于参加会议、婚礼、葬礼,听报告,听音乐会,看演出,听演讲等,是比较正式的用语
take part in
参加
指参加群众性活动等,并在其中发挥积极作用
1.She the Young Pioneers.她加入了少先队。
2.He an international meeting last week.上周他参加了一个国际会议。
3.We’ ll social practice during the summer vacation.暑假期间我们将参加社会实践。
知识点18:Recently, the air in our town has improved a lot.最近,我们镇上的空气改善了很多。
recently 〔副词〕最近
注意 recently一般不用于一般现在时的句子中。
拓展 recent〔形容词〕近来的,新近的
1.I haven't seen his teacher . 我最近没看到他的老师。
2.Can you say anything about your work? 你能说一下你最近的工作情况吗?
知识点19:Some people in the countryside have already moved to new buildings.一些农村的人已经搬到新楼里了。
already〔副词〕已经,早已
常用于助动词之后,行为动词之前,也可用于句末。常用于肯定句;有时也可用于疑问句句末,表示惊讶。
He has already written two novels. 他已经写了两本小说。
拓展 yet〔副词〕尚(未),还
常用在否定句或疑问句中,通常位于句末。
yet 常用于现在完成时,表示某事还未发生或某种情况还没有开始出现,或询问某种情况是否已经发生。
The young man hasn't got married yet. 这个小伙子还没结婚。
1.Have you received his letter ? 你已经收到他的信了?
2.Has the factory improved the situation ? 这家工厂已经改善那种情况了吗?
知识点20:You could say I have fallen in love with Shenzhen—— it feels like home。你可以说我爱上了深圳————感觉它像家一样。
fall in love with 爱上(某人或某物)
表示动作。 be in love with 表示状态,可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。
1.He China as soon as he came here.他一到中国就爱上了它。
2.I have been my work for years. 我多年来一直热爱自己的工作。
知识点21:When you step onto the wide, clean roads of Starlight Village, you will see rows of new houses, tall trees and beautiful flowers。当你踏上星光村宽阔、干净的道路时,你会看到一排排新房子、高大的树木和美丽的花朵。
(1) step
①〔动词〕迈步,踩,踏,行走
step forward主动站出来(帮忙或提供信息);向前迈步
step on踩;踏;踩到(某物/某人)
When the teacher asked for help, Tom stepped forward.当老师寻求帮助时,汤姆主动站了出来。
②〔名词〕步骤;措施 a step toward(s) sth迈向……的一步;朝着……迈出的一步
take steps采取措施
Learning English well is a big step towards a good future.学好英语是迈向美好未来的重要一步。
③〔名词〕步;阶段
Step 1第一步
step by step一步一步地
I' ll explain it to you step by step. 我来一步一步地给你解释它。
(2) wide ①〔形容词〕宽的,宽阔的
可在句中作定语或表语。常用 how wide(多宽)提问宽度,其答语为“基数词+metre(s)/kilometre(s)/foot/feet...+ wide”。
—— How wide is that river? 那条河有多宽?
—— It's about 2 metres wide.它大约2米宽。
②〔副词〕充分地
The door was wide open.门四敞大开。
拓展 widely〔副词〕普遍地;广泛地;范围广地
1.Don't on the grass in the park.不要踩公园里的草地。
2.We are taking to prevent pollution. 我们正在采取措施防止污染。
3.The road is very .这条路很宽。
4.The idea is now accepted. 这个思想现在已被普遍接受。
知识点22:Thanks to the government's support, the roads in the village have improved a lot in
recent years.多亏了政府的支持,村里的道路近年来改善了很多。
(1) thanks to 由于;多亏;因为
在句中作状语,常位于句首,有时可与 with the help of或 because of进行同义转换。
Thanks to Mary(= With the help of Mary),I finished the homework on time. 多亏了玛丽(的帮助),我按时完成了家庭作业。
Thanks to(= Because of) hard work, we all got good grades. 由于努力学习,我们都取得了好成绩。
(2)辨析: thanks to 与 thanks for
thanks to
由于;多亏;因为
并无当面感谢的意思,其后可接名词(短语)或代词
thanks for
因……而感谢
后接感谢的原因,其后可接名词(短语)、代词或动词-ing形式
1. these kind men, her son was saved.多亏了这些好心人,她的儿子得救了。
2.Thanks your help.感谢你的帮助。
3.Thanks for me about it. 谢谢你告诉我这件事。
知识点23:Farmers have modern machines and technology to help with farm work...农民有现代化的机器和技术来帮助做农活……
help with sth 帮忙做某事
相当于 help(to) do sth。
help sb with sth= help sb(to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
1.Let's help with the preparation for the party.= Let's help for the party.咱们帮忙为聚会做准备吧。
2.Could you please help me with English? = Could you please help me English?你能帮我学英语吗?
知识点24:The villagers have stopped farming. 村民们已经停止务农了。
辨析: stop doing sth 与 stop to do sth
stop doing sth 停止做某事
停止做某事
指停止正在做的事情
stop to do sth
停下来去做某事
指停止原来做的事情去做另外一件事
1.They were very tired, but they didn't stop .他们很累,但没有停止工作。
2.We are tired. Let's stop a rest. 我们累了,咱们停下来休息一下吧。
知识点25:Tourists staying at the guest house enjoy helping on the farm.住在民宿的游客喜欢在农场帮忙。
enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事;享受做某事的乐趣
拓展 enjoy oneself 玩得开心,过得愉快
1.He enjoys the mountains in the morning.他喜欢早上爬山。
2.Did you last weekend? 上周末你玩得开心吗?
知识点26:Now it is common to take a bus, a taxi or the underground。现在,乘公共汽车、出租车或地铁(出行)很常见。
common 〔形容词〕普遍的;共同的;常见的
Making mistakes in class is common, so be brave to face it。在课堂上犯错是常见的,所以要勇敢面对它。
拓展 have sth in common (with sb)(与某人)有相同的特征(或特点等)
该短语中 common 为名词。
1.They share a interest in photography.他们在摄影方面兴趣相投。
2.To my surprise, the twins have nothing . 令我惊讶的是,那对双胞胎毫无相同之处。
重点语法详解
现在完成时(1)
一.现在完成时的用法及结构
— you watched the film Zero to Hero? 你看过《妈妈的神奇小子》那部电影吗?
—Yes. I have watched it twice. 看过。我已经看了两遍。
— they given a concert in Europe? 他们在欧洲举办过演唱会了吗?
—Yes, they have./No, they . 是的,他们举办过了。/不,他们没有。
二.动词的过去分词
(1)规则变化
方法
例词
大多数动词,在词尾直接加
visit→
enjoy→
以不发音的“e”结尾的动词,在词尾加
love→
move→
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先
carry→
cry→
以重读闭音节结尾的动词,末尾只有一个辅音字母时,先
stop→
drop→
(2)不规则变化
动词过去分词的不规则变化需逐一熟记,常见的不规则变化形式见下表:
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
be
cut
do
eat
find
go
have
let
make
see
三.just、already和yet
当现在完成时用于表示动作已经完成并对现在有一定影响时,可分别用just、already或yet加以强调或说明。
单词
用法
例句
just
意为“刚刚”,表示动作刚刚结束,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。
I've been out shopping.我刚才出去买东西了。
already
意为“已经”,通常用于现在完成时的肯定句中。
You have told me that.你已经告诉我那件事了。
yet
常用于现在完成时的否定句或疑问句中,谈论尚未发生但可能发生的事。
He hasn't come .他还没有来。
Have you finished your homework ?你做完家庭作业了吗?
写作详解
本单元的主题是“过去和现在”,要求学生能够运用所学词汇、语法及句式描述家乡的变化。与此相关的主要写作维度有:①家乡过去的情况;②家乡现在的变化;③家乡变化背后的原因;④对家乡变化的感想。
中考书面表达与此主题相关的命题形式多样,例如向网站投稿、写一篇演讲稿等,通常以记叙文或应用文的形式出现。
写作实例
十年来,你的家乡常州空气质量显著提升,居住条件大幅改 善,交通网络日臻完善,城市面貌焕然一新,乃宜居新城。请你根
据以下提示,谈一谈常州十年间的具体变化以及你对这些变
化的看法。
1.What was Changzhou like ten years ago?
2.What is Changzhou like now?
3.What do you think of these changes?
注意:1.短文应包括所有要点,可适当发挥。
2.词数90左右,开头已给出,不计入总词数。
3.短文不得出现真实的人名和校名。
Great changes in Changzhou
Great changes have taken place in Changzhou in the past ten years.
审题指导
1.体裁:记叙文 2.时态:以一般过去时和一般现在时为主 3.人称:以第三人称为主
4.必备词句:
(1)due to因为
(2)make sth. a breeze使某事易如反掌
(3)be proud of 因……而自豪
(4)do interviews with...对……进行采访
(5)be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
(6)be filled with充满
(7)live a/an...life 过……的生活
(8)put sth. to good use有效利用某物
(9)Now, the sky is blue and the air is fresh as polluting factories are closed.现在,由于污染工厂被关闭,天空是蓝色的,空气是新鲜的。
(10)They not only make Changzhou more livable but also let me see that my hometown is becoming better and better.它们不仅让常州变得更宜居,也让我看到我的家乡正变得越来越好。
(11)As we know, China has developed quickly these years and it has become one of the most important countries in the world.正如我们所知,中国这些年发展迅速,已经成为世界上最重要的国家之一。
谋篇布局
优秀范文
Great changes in Changzhou
Great changes have taken place in Changzhou in the past ten years.
4
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Unit 1 Past and present 单元复习
词句背默清单
重点单词
1.underground n. 地铁
2.speed n. 速度
3.crowded adj. 拥挤的
4.convenient adj. 方便的
5.innovation n. 创新(会读)
6.southern adj. 南部的,南方的
7.high-tech adj. 高技术的,高科技的(尤指电子方面)
8.pioneer n. 先锋,先驱
9.reform n. 改革
10.technology n. (=tech) 技术
11.industry n. 行业;工业
12.giant n. 大公司;巨人,庞然大物(会读)
13.lead v.&vi. 引领,领导 n. 领先地位;负责人;主演
14.move n. 改变,转变,动摇
15.wealth n. 大量,丰富;财富
16.excellent adj. 优秀的,杰出的,极好的
17.educational adj. 教育的,有关教育的
18.award n. 奖,奖项
19.public n. 民众 adj. 公共的;公众的
20.citizen n. 居民,市民;公民
21.electric adj. 电动的
22.since prep.&conj. 自... 以来
23.development n. 发展,成长
24.pioneering adj. 开拓性的
25.creativity n. 创造力
26.certainly adv. 无疑,肯定
27.world-famous adj. 举世闻名的
28.recently adv. 最近
29.already adv. 已经,早已
30.yet adv. 尚 (未),还
31.reporter n. 记者
32.step vi. 迈步,踩,踏,行走
33.wide adj. 宽的,宽阔的
34.muddy adj. 泥泞的(会读)
35.villager n. 村民
36.recent adj. 近来的,新近的
37.hopeful adj. 抱有希望,满怀希望
38.tourism n. 旅游业,观光业
39.opinion n. 看法,想法
40.common adj. 普遍的;共同的
词汇拓展
1. south(n. 南部)—(adj. 南部的)southern
2. recent(adj. 近来的)—(adv. 最近)recently
3. convenient(adj. 方便的)—(n. 便利)convenience
4. develop(v. 发展)—(n. 发展)development
5. industry(n. 行业)—(pl. 行业)industries
6. wealth(n. 财富)—(adj. 富有的)wealthy
7. crowd(n. 人群)—(adj. 拥挤的)crowded
8. wide(adj. 宽的)—(adv. 广泛地)widely
9. hope(v. 希望)—(adj. 抱有希望的)hopeful
10. possible(adj. 可能的)—(adv. 可能)possibly
重点短语
1. 中国的改革开放China's reform and opening up
2. 在……的核心at the heart of
3. ……的所在地home to
4. 大量的,丰富的a wealth of
5. 除……之外,也,还.as well as
6. ……的象征a symbol of
7. ……的关键the key to
8. 谋生 make a living
9. 发现find out
10. 四处走动 get around
11. 与……有关 have/has a connection with
12. 到目前为止 up to now
13. 爱上…… fall in love with
14. 一排排的 rows of
15. 在某人的年纪时 be one's age
16. 那时back then
重点句子
1. 创新正是这座城市的核心。 Innovation lies at the heart of the city.
2. 如今,它正引领着从“中国制造”向“中国创造”的转变。 Today, it is leading the move from “Made in China” to“Created in China”.
3. 自1970年代后期以来,深圳以惊人的速度发展,已成为中国发展的象征。Since the late 1970s, Shenzhen has developed at an amazing speed and has become a symbol of China's development.
4. 深圳为成为文化中心做了哪些努力?What efforts has Shenzhen made to become a cultural centre?
5. 40多年来,它吸引了数以百万的人来这里工作和生活。For more than 40 years, it has attracted millions of people to work and live here.
6. 你之前去过深圳吗?Have you been to Shenzhen before?
7. 政府刚刚把市中心的一部分改造成了一个新公园。 The government has just turned part of the town centre into a new park.
8. 你可以说我爱上了深圳——感觉它像家一样。 You could say I have fallen in love with Shenzhen—it feels like home.
9. 事实上,过去几年里发生了很多变化。 In fact, there have been lots of changes in the past few years.
10. 你在这里的时候注意到这些中的任何一项了吗? Have you noticed any of these while you've been here?
11. 在这座城市里出行非常方便。 It's very easy to get around the city.
12. 街上经常可见垃圾。 There was often rubbish lying in the streets.
13. 村民们为这些变化感到高兴。People in the village are happy about the changes.
14. 现在坐公共汽车、出租车或地铁很常见。 Now it is common to take a bus, a taxi or the underground.
重点知识详解
知识点1: I used to go to school by bike.我过去骑自行车去上学。
used to 曾经 暗含“现在不再”之意,后接动词原形。
I used to read English in the evening, but now I usually read it in the morning. 我过去常常在晚上读英语,但我现在通常在早上读。
拓展
①used to do sth结构的否定形式有两种:
一是在 used 后面加 not,即 used not to do sth;
二是在 used 前面加 didn't,并将used 改为动词原形 use,即 didn't use to do sth。
在口语中常用后一种形式。
(2)辨析: used to do sth, be used to do sth 与 be/ get used to doing sth
used to do sth
过去常常做某事
含有现在已不再发生或存在之意
be used to do sth
被用于做某事
是被动语态,动词不定式表示目的,可用于多种时态
be/ get used to doing sth 某事
习惯于做
可用于现在、过去、将来等多种时态
1.My sister didn't use to have short hair.(= My sister used not to have short hair.)我姐姐以前不留短发。
2.He used to go to sleep at 11 o’ clock in the evening.他过去常常在晚上11点睡觉。
3.Wood is used to make houses. 材被用来建房子。
4.He is/ gets used to going to sleep early. 他习惯于早睡。
知识点2:When I was young, there were only a few buses, and they were always crowded.在我小时候,只有几辆公共汽车,而且它们总是很拥挤。
(1)辨析:a few, few,a little与little
四者都可用作限定词或代词,但用法和意义却不同。
a few 一些,少量
表示肯定意义
修饰或指代可数名词复数
few
不多,很少
表示否定意义
a little
一点儿,少许
表示肯定意义
修饰或指
little 不多,很少
表示否定意义
代不可数名词
(2) crowded〔形容词〕拥挤的
可在句中作定语或表语。反义词 uncrowded意为“不拥挤的”。
(be) crowded with挤满了……
拓展 crowd〔名词〕人群
This is a crowded street. 这是一条拥挤的街道。
1.There are a few eggs in the fridge, so I needn't buy any.冰箱里还有几个鸡蛋,所以我不必去买(鸡蛋)。
2.There are few eggs in the fridge, so I must buy some.冰箱里几乎没有鸡蛋了,所以我必须买一些(鸡蛋)。
3.There's a little milk in the cup. 杯子里有一点儿牛奶。
4.There's little milk in the cup. 杯子里几乎没有牛奶了。
5.The room is crowded with books. 这个房间里堆满了书。
知识点3:The rise of Shenzhen, a city of innovation深圳的崛起———座创新之城
rise
①〔名词〕(重要性、优势、权力等的)增强
We are studying the rise of the internet in history class.我们正在历史课上学习互联网的兴起。
②〔名词〕(数量或水平的)增加,提高There is a rise in the number of students in our school.我们学校的学生人数有所增加。
③〔不及物动词〕(rose, risen)(数量、价值或数字的)增加,增长
rise by 上升了…… rise to上升到……
The river has risen by 1 metre after the rain.雨后这条河上升了1米。
④〔不及物动词〕(太阳、月亮等)上升;升起其反义词是 set“(太阳、月亮等)落下”。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.太阳每天东升西落。
拓展 raise〔及物动词〕举起;提起
1.The price rose to seven yuan per litre. 价格上升到了每升7元钱。
2.He raised a hand in greeting. 他扬起手表示问候。
知识点4:Innovation lies at the heart of the city.创新正是这座城市的核心。
lie〔不及物动词〕现在分词形式:lying
①存在,在于 常与介词 in连用。
The secret of happiness lies in helping others.快乐的秘诀在于帮助他人。
②位于,坐落在 Guilin lies on the two sides of the Lijiang River.桂林位于漓江两岸。
The town lies in a small wooded valley. 该城镇坐落于一个林木茂盛的小山谷中。
③躺The cat is lying asleep by the fire.这只猫正卧在炉火旁睡觉。
④说谎lie to sb 对某人说谎 Please don't lie to me.请别对我说谎。
注意 动词 lie词义不同时,过去式、过 ---;去分词也不相同:
知识点5:Today, it is leading the move from“Made in China” to“Created in China”.如今,它正引领着从“中国制造”到“中国创造”的转变。
(1) lead [动词] (led, led)
①引领;领导 lead sb to…引领某人到……;带领某人去……
The road leads you to the station. 你沿这条路就可以到达车站。
②导致 lead to 导致
lead sb to do sth 导致/促使某人做某事
What led him to think so? 什么导致他这样想?
拓展 leader[名词]领导者
(2) move ①[名词]改变,转变
Our country is leading the move from fossil fuels to clean energy.我们国家正引领着从化石燃料到清洁能源的转变。
②[名词]移动;活动 Don't make a move!别动!
③[动词]搬家;搬迁 move to +地点 搬到某地
They are moving to Beijing in a month. 一个月后,他们将搬到北京。
④[动词]使改变位置,使移动,搬动
1.This will lead to many problems in the future.在将来这将导致许多问题。
2.He moved a new TV to his bedroom. 他把一台新电视搬到了自己的卧室里。
知识点6:Shenzhen is also active in its drive to become a cultural centre.深圳也积极致力于成为一个文化中心。
drive
①[可数名词](团体为达到某目的而进行的)有组织的努力,运动
The company started a new drive to improve its products.这家公司启动了一项新举措,以改进其产品。
②[动词](drove, driven)驾驶,开车
He drives to work every day. 他每天开车去上班。
知识点7:It offers a wealth of cultural facilities,such as libraries, museums, theatre sand art spaces, as well as many excellent cultural and educational activities.它提供了丰富的文化设施,如图书馆、博物馆、剧院和艺术空间,以及许多优质的文化和教育活动。
(1) offer〔及物动词〕主动提出,自愿给予
① offer sth 提供某物
He offered a good plan for our holiday. 他给我们的假期提出了一个好计划。
② offer to do sth(主动)提出做某事
Tom offered to drive us to the bus station. 汤姆主动提出开车送我们去公共汽车站。
③ offer sb sth/ offer sth to sb(主动)给某人提供某物
We should offer others our help. 我们应当主动帮助别人。
(2) wealth〔名词〕大量,丰富,财富;富有
形容词形式为wealthy,意为“富裕的;有钱的”。 a wealth of大量的;丰富的
He is a man of wealth. 他是个富翁。
(3)辨析: such as 与 for example
两者都表示“例如”,但用法有别,具体如下表:
such as
放在列举的事物前
后面不用逗号与其他内容隔开
For example
可放在句首、句中或句末
常用逗号与其他内容隔开,放在句首时,其后有逗号;放在句中时,其前后都有逗号;放在句末时,其前有逗号
The parents are pleased to find their children can help them with some housework such as making the bed, washing and cooking.父母很高兴地发现他们的孩子能帮他们做一些家务活,如铺床、洗衣和做饭。
(4) as well as ①除……之外,也,还
常用来连接对等成分,强调其前的内容,其后的内容只是顺便提及。
We need to buy some vegetables as well as fruit.我们除了要买水果,还需要买些蔬菜。
注意 as well as 连接两个并列成分···作主语时,谓语动词应与 as well as 前的成分在人称和数上保持一致。
拓展 as well 也位于肯定句句末,前面一般不用逗号。
I am going camping and my younger sister is going as well.我要去野营,我妹妹也要去。
②与……一样好
1.Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution. 例如,噪声就是一种污染。
2.She sings as well as her elder sister. 她和她姐姐唱得一样好。
3.The website provides a wealth of information. 该网站提供大量的信息。
4.Your elder brother as well as you is friendly to me.不仅你而且你哥哥也对我很友好。
知识点8:Moreover, the city has won an honour from UNESCO for being a role model in encouraging reading among the public.此外,这座城市还因是鼓励民众阅读的典范,而荣获联合国教科文组织颁发的荣誉。
(1) honour
美式英语写法为 honor。
①〔名词〕荣誉;荣幸;尊敬
win an honour 赢得一项荣誉
in honour of…为了表示对……的敬意;为了纪念……
The country set up a holiday in honour of the great musician.为了纪念那位伟大的音乐家,那个国家设立了一个节日。
②〔及物动词〕尊重;表示敬意;给予表扬(或奖励、头衔、称号)
be honoured with…被授予……荣誉
We should honour those who lost their lives in the battle.我们应该向那些在战役中牺牲的人表示敬意。
(2) public
①〔名词〕民众
in public公开地,在别人面前
Is the park open to the public? 这个公园向大众开放吗?
②〔形容词〕公共的;公众的;公开的
You can use the public telephone on the roadside.你可以使用路边的公用电话。
1.The athletes competed for the honour of their countries.运动员们为了自己国家的荣誉而竞争。
2.I don't like to make a speech in public. 我不喜欢当众发表演说。
3.She decided to make the subject public. 她决定把这个话题公开。
知识点9:Even among the busy streets and tall buildings, you can find peace and quiet in this modern city.甚至在繁忙的街道和高楼大厦之间,你也能在这座现代化城市中找到安宁与静谧。
辨析: among与 between两者都可用作介词,表示“在……之间”,但有区别,具体如下:
among
在三者或三者以上之间
Our teacher stands among the students. 我们的老师站在学生们中间。
between
在两者之间
Mary stands between Tom and Frank. 玛丽站在汤姆和弗兰克之间。
知识点10:“Electric buses produce less air pollution and make little noise, and now people here
are enjoying a cleaner environment,”said a city planner.“电动公共汽车产生更少的空气污染,几乎不产生噪声,现在这里的人们正享受着更清洁的环境,”一位城市规划师说道。
(1) electric〔形容词〕电动的
My mother bought an electric blanket yesterday.昨天我妈妈买了一个电热毯。
拓展 ① electrical〔形容词〕电的,与电有关
My father is an electrical engineer. 我爸爸是一名电力工程师。
② electricity〔不可数名词〕电
The system uses electricity to heat the water. 这个系统用电将水加热。
(2) planner〔名词〕设计者,规划者
The city planner wants to build a park here. 城市规划师想在这里建一个公园。
The planner of this school trip did a great job. 这次学校旅行的策划者做得非常出色。
知识点11:Since the late 1970s, Shenzhen has developed at an amazing speed and has become a
symbol of China's development.自20世纪70年代末以来,深圳以惊人的速度发展,已成为中国发展的一个象征。
(1) since
①〔介词〕自……以来 后接表示过去的时间点。
since then 从那时起
We’ve known about it since May. 我们从5月份起就知道这件事了。
②〔连词〕自……以来
引导时间状语从句,该时间状语从句常用一般过去时。
(2)辨析: amazing与 amazed
Dogs are really amazing animals. 狗是非常惊人的动物。
(3) development〔不可数名词〕发展;发育;成长
the development of 的发展
Parents make a big difference to their children's development.父母对他们孩子的成长产生很大影响。
拓展 develop〔动词〕发展,开发;成长,发育
A small seed develops into a tall tree over many years.一粒小种子经过多年会长成参天大树。
1.He has raised more than 10,000 yuan for homeless people since the summer vacation began.自暑假开始以来,他已经为无家可归的人筹集了1万多元。
2.We haven't seen each other since then. 从那以后我们没有见过面。
3.I was amazed at what he said. 我对他说的话感到吃惊。
4.We must do our best to develop the national economy.我们必须尽我们最大努力来发展国民经济。
知识点12:The city's pioneering spirit, together with the hard work and creativity of its citizens, is certainly the key to its success.这座城市的开拓精神,加上居民的辛勤劳动和创造力,无疑是它成功的关键。
(1) together with ①同……一起
与 along with 表达的意思相近。当用来 连接两个成分作主语时,谓语动词应和前面的成分保持一致。
Together with our family and friends, we are very happy.同我们的家人和朋友在一起,我们非常幸福。
②包括……在内
Together with our neighbours, there are six people in the room.包括我们的邻居在内.房间里有六个人。
(2) certainly 〔副词〕无疑,肯定
①用于连系动词 be、助动词或情态动词之后,行为动词之前。
He can certainly give you some advice. 他肯定能给你一些建议。
②可单独使用,用在答语中表示“当然可以,没问题”,可以与 sure/ of course/ all right等换用。
—— Can you help me organize the English party?你能帮我组织这次英语聚会吗?
—— Certainly.当然可以。
拓展 certain〔形容词〕某……;无疑;肯定 in a certain place在某个地方
(3) success
①〔不可数名词〕成功
Hard work can lead to success. 天道酬勤。
②〔可数名词〕成功的人或事
succeed(v.成功)→success(n。成功)+-ful(形容词后缀) → successful(adj.成功的)+-ly(副词后缀)→successfully(adv.成功地)
1.Jenny, together with the Smiths, lives in Nanjing.珍妮和史密斯一家住在南京。
2.It is certain that the sun will rise tomorrow. 太阳明天一定会升起,这是肯定的。
3.The film was a great success. 那部电影大获成功。
知识点13:In the past, most families made a living by fishing。过去,大多数家庭靠捕鱼为生。
make a living 谋生(= make one's living)
make a living by= make one's living by靠……谋生
1.It's not easy to make a living as an artist. 作为一名艺术家谋生并不容易。
2.His father makes a living by repairing cars. 他的父亲靠修理汽车谋生。
知识点14:I've just found out many things about Shenzhen from my uncle.我刚从叔叔那里了解到很多关于深圳的事情。
辨析: find out, find与 look for
find out了解(到);弄清
find 发现,找到
look for 寻找
1.I want to find out some information about dinosaurs on the internet.我想在网上查找一些有关恐龙的信息。
2.I lost my wallet. I looked for it everywhere, but I couldn't find it.我的钱包丢了。我到处找了,但没找到。
知识点15:Did he tell you anything else?他还告诉你别的了吗?
anything else 其他任何事情
else修饰不定代词、疑问代词或疑问副词时,放在所修饰词之后。
拓展 形容词修饰 something, anything, no-thing 等不定代词时,要放在这些不定代词的后面,作后置定语。
1.Do you have anything else to say? 你还有别的要说吗?
2.I want to buy something special for my grandfather, because his birthday is coming.我想要给爷爷买特殊的东西,因为他的生日就要到了。
知识点16:Have you been to Shenzhen before? 你以前去过深圳吗?
have/ has been to+地点名词 去过某地表示现在人已经回来了。当表示地点的词为副词时,省略介词 to。常与表示次数的词(组)(once, twice, three times...)或 ever,never, before 等词连用。
拓展 have/ has gone to + 地点名词 去了某地(还没回来)
1.Have you been to Beijing before?你以前去过北京吗?
2.I have never been abroad.我从没出过国。
3.—— Where is Mr Brown?布朗先生在哪里?
—— He has gone to Jinan.他去了济南。
知识点17:You can join me!你可以和我一起去!
辨析: join, attend 与 take part in
join
加入;成为……的一员
指加入某个党派、团体、组织等,并成为其中的一员,如“参军、入团、入党”等
attend
出席;参加
常用于参加会议、婚礼、葬礼,听报告,听音乐会,看演出,听演讲等,是比较正式的用语
take part in
参加
指参加群众性活动等,并在其中发挥积极作用
1.She joined the Young Pioneers.她加入了少先队。
2.He attended an international meeting last week.上周他参加了一个国际会议。
3.We’ ll take part in social practice during the summer vacation.暑假期间我们将参加社会实践。
知识点18:Recently, the air in our town has improved a lot.最近,我们镇上的空气改善了很多。
recently 〔副词〕最近
注意 recently一般不用于一般现在时的句子中。
拓展 recent〔形容词〕近来的,新近的
1.I haven't seen his teacher recently. 我最近没看到他的老师。
2.Can you say anything about your recent work? 你能说一下你最近的工作情况吗?
知识点19:Some people in the countryside have already moved to new buildings.一些农村的人已经搬到新楼里了。
already〔副词〕已经,早已
常用于助动词之后,行为动词之前,也可用于句末。常用于肯定句;有时也可用于疑问句句末,表示惊讶。
He has already written two novels. 他已经写了两本小说。
拓展 yet〔副词〕尚(未),还
常用在否定句或疑问句中,通常位于句末。
yet 常用于现在完成时,表示某事还未发生或某种情况还没有开始出现,或询问某种情况是否已经发生。
The young man hasn't got married yet. 这个小伙子还没结婚。
1.Have you received his letter already? 你已经收到他的信了?
2.Has the factory improved the situation yet? 这家工厂已经改善那种情况了吗?
知识点20:You could say I have fallen in love with Shenzhen—— it feels like home。你可以说我爱上了深圳————感觉它像家一样。
fall in love with 爱上(某人或某物)
表示动作。 be in love with 表示状态,可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。
1.He fell in love with China as soon as he came here.他一到中国就爱上了它。
2.I have been in love with my work for years. 我多年来一直热爱自己的工作。
知识点21:When you step onto the wide, clean roads of Starlight Village, you will see rows of new houses, tall trees and beautiful flowers。当你踏上星光村宽阔、干净的道路时,你会看到一排排新房子、高大的树木和美丽的花朵。
(1) step
①〔动词〕迈步,踩,踏,行走
step forward主动站出来(帮忙或提供信息);向前迈步
step on踩;踏;踩到(某物/某人)
When the teacher asked for help, Tom stepped forward.当老师寻求帮助时,汤姆主动站了出来。
②〔名词〕步骤;措施 a step toward(s) sth迈向……的一步;朝着……迈出的一步
take steps采取措施
Learning English well is a big step towards a good future.学好英语是迈向美好未来的重要一步。
③〔名词〕步;阶段
Step 1第一步
step by step一步一步地
I' ll explain it to you step by step. 我来一步一步地给你解释它。
(2) wide ①〔形容词〕宽的,宽阔的
可在句中作定语或表语。常用 how wide(多宽)提问宽度,其答语为“基数词+metre(s)/kilometre(s)/foot/feet...+ wide”。
—— How wide is that river? 那条河有多宽?
—— It's about 2 metres wide.它大约2米宽。
②〔副词〕充分地
The door was wide open.门四敞大开。
拓展 widely〔副词〕普遍地;广泛地;范围广地
1.Don't step on the grass in the park.不要踩公园里的草地。
2.We are taking steps to prevent pollution. 我们正在采取措施防止污染。
3.The road is very wide.这条路很宽。
4.The idea is now widely accepted. 这个思想现在已被普遍接受。
知识点22:Thanks to the government's support, the roads in the village have improved a lot in
recent years.多亏了政府的支持,村里的道路近年来改善了很多。
(1) thanks to 由于;多亏;因为
在句中作状语,常位于句首,有时可与 with the help of或 because of进行同义转换。
Thanks to Mary(= With the help of Mary),I finished the homework on time. 多亏了玛丽(的帮助),我按时完成了家庭作业。
Thanks to(= Because of) hard work, we all got good grades. 由于努力学习,我们都取得了好成绩。
(2)辨析: thanks to 与 thanks for
thanks to
由于;多亏;因为
并无当面感谢的意思,其后可接名词(短语)或代词
thanks for
因……而感谢
后接感谢的原因,其后可接名词(短语)、代词或动词-ing形式
1.Thanks to these kind men, her son was saved.多亏了这些好心人,她的儿子得救了。
2.Thanks for your help.感谢你的帮助。
3.Thanks for telling me about it. 谢谢你告诉我这件事。
知识点23:Farmers have modern machines and technology to help with farm work...农民有现代化的机器和技术来帮助做农活……
help with sth 帮忙做某事
相当于 help(to) do sth。
help sb with sth= help sb(to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
1.Let's help with the preparation for the party.= Let's help(to) prepare for the party.咱们帮忙为聚会做准备吧。
2.Could you please help me with English? = Could you please help me(to) learn English?你能帮我学英语吗?
知识点24:The villagers have stopped farming. 村民们已经停止务农了。
辨析: stop doing sth 与 stop to do sth
stop doing sth 停止做某事
停止做某事
指停止正在做的事情
stop to do sth
停下来去做某事
指停止原来做的事情去做另外一件事
1.They were very tired, but they didn't stop working.他们很累,但没有停止工作。
2.We are tired. Let's stop to have a rest. 我们累了,咱们停下来休息一下吧。
知识点25:Tourists staying at the guest house enjoy helping on the farm.住在民宿的游客喜欢在农场帮忙。
enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事;享受做某事的乐趣
拓展 enjoy oneself 玩得开心,过得愉快
1.He enjoys climbing the mountains in the morning.他喜欢早上爬山。
2.Did you enjoy yourself last weekend? 上周末你玩得开心吗?
知识点26:Now it is common to take a bus, a taxi or the underground。现在,乘公共汽车、出租车或地铁(出行)很常见。
common 〔形容词〕普遍的;共同的;常见的
Making mistakes in class is common, so be brave to face it。在课堂上犯错是常见的,所以要勇敢面对它。
拓展 have sth in common (with sb)(与某人)有相同的特征(或特点等)
该短语中 common 为名词。
1.They share a common interest in photography.他们在摄影方面兴趣相投。
2.To my surprise, the twins have nothing in common.令我惊讶的是,那对双胞胎毫无相同之处。
重点语法详解
现在完成时(1)
一.现在完成时的用法及结构
—Have you watched the film Zero to Hero? 你看过《妈妈的神奇小子》那部电影吗?
—Yes. I have watched it twice. 看过。我已经看了两遍。
—Have they given a concert in Europe? 他们在欧洲举办过演唱会了吗?
—Yes, they have./No, they have not (haven't). 是的,他们举办过了。/不,他们没有。
二.动词的过去分词
(1)规则变化
方法
例词
大多数动词,在词尾直接加-ed
visit→visited
enjoy→enjoyed
以不发音的“e”结尾的动词,在词尾加-d
love→loved
move→moved
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先将y变为i,再加-ed
carry→carried
cry→cried
以重读闭音节结尾的动词,末尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed
stop→stopped
drop→dropped
(2)不规则变化
动词过去分词的不规则变化需逐一熟记,常见的不规则变化形式见下表:
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
be
was/were
been
cut
cut
cut
do
did
done
eat
ate
eaten
find
found
found
go
went
gone
have
had
had
let
let
let
make
made
made
see
saw
seen
三.just、already和yet
当现在完成时用于表示动作已经完成并对现在有一定影响时,可分别用just、already或yet加以强调或说明。
单词
用法
例句
just
意为“刚刚”,表示动作刚刚结束,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。
I've just been out shopping.我刚才出去买东西了。
already
意为“已经”,通常用于现在完成时的肯定句中。
You have already told me that.你已经告诉我那件事了。
yet
常用于现在完成时的否定句或疑问句中,谈论尚未发生但可能发生的事。
He hasn't come yet.他还没有来。
Have you finished your homework yet?你做完家庭作业了吗?
写作详解
本单元的主题是“过去和现在”,要求学生能够运用所学词汇、语法及句式描述家乡的变化。与此相关的主要写作维度有:①家乡过去的情况;②家乡现在的变化;③家乡变化背后的原因;④对家乡变化的感想。
中考书面表达与此主题相关的命题形式多样,例如向网站投稿、写一篇演讲稿等,通常以记叙文或应用文的形式出现。
写作实例
十年来,你的家乡常州空气质量显著提升,居住条件大幅改 善,交通网络日臻完善,城市面貌焕然一新,乃宜居新城。请你根
据以下提示,谈一谈常州十年间的具体变化以及你对这些变
化的看法。
1.What was Changzhou like ten years ago?
2.What is Changzhou like now?
3.What do you think of these changes?
注意:1.短文应包括所有要点,可适当发挥。
2.词数90左右,开头已给出,不计入总词数。
3.短文不得出现真实的人名和校名。
Great changes in Changzhou
Great changes have taken place in Changzhou in the past ten years.
审题指导
1.体裁:记叙文 2.时态:以一般过去时和一般现在时为主 3.人称:以第三人称为主
4.必备词句:
(1)due to因为
(2)make sth. a breeze使某事易如反掌
(3)be proud of 因……而自豪
(4)do interviews with...对……进行采访
(5)be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
(6)be filled with充满
(7)live a/an...life 过……的生活
(8)put sth. to good use有效利用某物
(9)Now, the sky is blue and the air is fresh as polluting factories are closed.现在,由于污染工厂被关闭,天空是蓝色的,空气是新鲜的。
(10)They not only make Changzhou more livable but also let me see that my hometown is becoming better and better.它们不仅让常州变得更宜居,也让我看到我的家乡正变得越来越好。
(11)As we know, China has developed quickly these years and it has become one of the most important countries in the world.正如我们所知,中国这些年发展迅速,已经成为世界上最重要的国家之一。
谋篇布局
优秀范文
Great changes in Changzhou
Great changes have taken place in Changzhou in the past ten years.
Ten years ago, the air was often hazy due to factory pollution. Many people lived in small, old houses. The traffic was a mess with few roads and frequent jams.
Now, the sky is blue and the air is fresh as polluting factories are closed. People have moved into big, comfortable apartments. There are more roads, subways and elevated roads, making travel a breeze.
In my view, these changes are amazing. They not only make Changzhou more livable but also let me see that my hometown is becoming better and better. I'm proud of my hometown and expect more progress.
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