Unit11语法详解及习题-2025-2026学年仁爱科普版八年级英语下册
一、语法点1:词类转换(Conversion)
词类转换是指同一个单词通过改变词性(无需添加词缀),表达不同含义,本单元核心是“名词/形容词转换为动词”。
原词(词性) | 转换后词性 | 含义变化 | 例句 |
water(名词:水) | 动词 | 浇水 | Farmers used waterwheels to water crops.(农民用水车给庄稼浇水。) |
ship(名词:船) | 动词 | 运输 | People shipped goods through the Grand Canal.(人们通过大运河运输货物。) |
clean(形容词:干净的) | 动词 | 打扫 | We clean houses before the Spring Festival.(我们春节前打扫房屋。) |
correct(形容词:正确的) | 动词 | 纠正 | Confucius said to correct mistakes.(孔子说要纠正错误。) |
warm(形容词:温暖的) | 动词 | 使温暖 | Kind words warm people in winter.(善意的话在冬天温暖人心。) |
dress(名词:连衣裙) | 动词 | 穿衣服 | Women dress themselves in qipao.(女士们穿旗袍。) |
转换后的词性由语境决定:若单词在句中作谓语(接主语后),则为动词;作定
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语/表语则为形容词,作主语/宾语则为名词。
二、语法点2:宾语从句(Ⅰ)(Object clause (Ⅰ))
宾语从句是在主句中作宾语的从句,本单元核心是“由that引导的宾语从句”,用于陈述事实。
主句 + 引导词that + 宾语从句(that在口语/非正式语境中可省略)。
宾语从句的时态需与主句保持一致:
若主句是一般现在时,从句可根据实际情况用任意时态;
若主句是一般过去时,从句需用相应的过去时态(如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时等)。
主句时态 | 宾语从句 (that引导) | 例句 |
一般现在时 | 一般现在时 | Lingling says (that) she learns to make spring rolls.(玲玲说她在学做春卷。) |
一般现在时 | 现在进行时 | I know (that) they are making paper-cuts.(我知道他们正在剪窗花。) |
一般过去时 | 过去将来时 | The teacher told us (that) there would be a qipao show.(老师告诉我们会有一场旗袍展。) |
一般过去时 | 一般过去时 | He said (that) he visited the Silk Road museum.(他说他参观了丝绸之路博物馆。) |
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根据括号内的词性提示,用所给词的正确形式填空:
- Farmers used waterwheels to ___________ (water)their crops.
- People ___________ (ship)goods along the Grand Canal.
- We ___________ (clean)our houses before the Spring Festival.
- You should ___________ (correct)your mistakes in time.
- Kind words can ___________ (warm)people’s hearts.
- She likes to ___________ (dress)in qipao for traditional festivals.
- Businessmen ___________ (trade)silk with other countries.
- She ___________ (hand) the paper-cuts to her friend.
- After work, we need to ___________ (free) our minds.
- The sun ___________ (light) the room in the morning.
判断句中划线词的词性(填写“名词/形容词/动词”):
- The water in the river is clean. ___________
- We water the flowers every day. ___________
- She bought a new dress yesterday. ___________
- They dress up for the Spring Festival. ___________
- The warm wind blows in spring. ___________
用所给词的正确时态填空(注意主句与从句的时态一致):
- Lingling says (that) she ___________ (learn) to make dumplings now.
- I know (that) the Silk Road ___________ (connect) China and other countries.
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