Unit1知识点讲解 2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

该初中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了“Past and present”主题下的核心内容，涵盖词汇用法（如develop, key等词的可数不可数辨析）、语法要点（现在完成时、used to的用法）及语篇理解（深圳发展等阅读材料），搭建了从基础词汇到语法应用再到语篇分析的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“词汇分类解析+语法对比表格+语篇实例应用”呈现知识体系，如将“used to, be used to doing, be used to do”制成对比表标注易混点，用“深圳发展”语篇实例讲解现在完成时，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设计“同义句转换提示”（如“变化大”的三种表达）和“重点搭配标注”（如the key to + n./doing），助力不同学生高效掌握，教师可据此设计分层教学活动。

Unit 1 Past and present Development is the key to success.(P6) 发展是成功的关键。 -development n.发展，成长； - 表“发展的过程”时，不可数名词；the development of science（科学的发展）； - 表“具体的发展成果”时，可数名词；复数形式：developments；例：new developments in AI（人工智能的新发展）。 -develop v.发展；如：We need to develop local industries. 我们需要发展地方工业。 - key n.关键；键，琴键；the key to+ n./pron./doing意为“……的关键”，to为介词，后接名词/代词/动名词，如：The key to learning a language is practice.学习一门语言的关键是实践。 Welcome to the unit---Transport at different times(P7) 1. I used to go to school by bike. 我过去常常骑自行车去上学。// But did you know that area used to be an empty field? (P17)但你知道那个地方曾经是一片空地吗？ used to modal v.曾经；后接动词原形，表“过去常常做某事（现在不做了）”，例：He used to play basketball.他过去常打篮球。The girl used to take a walk after dinner. 那个女孩过去常常晚饭后散步。 be used to doing（习惯于做某事）；例：They are used to working hard. 他们习惯于努力工作。I'm used to reading English in the morning. 我习惯于早上读英语。 be used to do（被用来做某事）。例：Water is used to make drinks. 水被用来做饮料。 Bricks are used to build houses. 砖头被用来盖房子。 empty adj.空的；指“空间内无物体”（empty room）；- 反义词：full（满的）； 2. When I was young, there were only a few buses, and they were always crowded. 我年轻的时候，公共汽车很少，而且总是很拥挤。 crowded adj.拥挤的；反义词：uncrowded（宽敞的）。如： The street was crowded and noisy. 这条街拥挤嘈杂。 I want to have an uncrowded house for my family.我想我家有一个不拥挤的房子。 3. But now they are comfortable and convenient.但现在公交车又舒服又方便。我喜欢乘公共汽车去上学。   convenient adj.方便的；例：It is convenient to take the subway.（坐地铁很方便。） Reading---The rise of Shenzhen(P8-11) 1. In just over 40 years, Shenzhen, a city in southern China, has developed from a fishing village into a top high-tech city. 在短短40多年里，中国南方城市深圳从一个渔村发展成为顶级高科技城市。 -has developed是动词develop的现在完成时；develop from... into...：意为“……从……发展成为……”； -southern adj.南部的，南方的；south n.南部，南方；如：The south of France has a warm climate.法国南部气候温暖。The heavy wind and rainfall came from the south.大风和暴雨来自南方。My grandfather has a thick southern accent and a drawl.我祖父有浓重的南方口音和拖拖拉拉的口音。He lives in southern China.他住在中国南部。 - high-tech adj.高科技的(尤指电子方面); 如： a high-tech watch made of titanium and ceramic.一款用钛和陶瓷制成的高科技手表。 Don't about needing anything expensive or high tech to kill a Terror Drone.不要担心需要昂贵或是高科技的东西来消灭恐怖机器人。 2. A pioneer in China’s reform and opening-up, Shenzhen has attracted people from across the world. 作为中国改革开放的先行者，深圳吸引了来自世界各地的人们。// In 1980, the city became a pioneer in China’s reform and opening-up. (P11) 1980年，这座城市成为中国改革开放的先锋。 -pioneer n.先锋，先驱；复数形式：pioneers；pioneering adj.开拓性的；如： He was a pioneer in the use of X-rays. 他是最早使用X光的人。 You have a pioneering attitude to life, always moving onto the next challenge. 在人生的旅途中，你总用先驱者的态度面对眼前的挑战。 -reform n.改革； - 表“改革的统称”时，不可数名词；例：a demand for reform（改革的诉求）； - 表“具体的改革措施”时，可数名词；复数形式：reforms，例：economic reforms（经济改革）。 3. Innovation lies at the heart of the city. ( page 8,line 4)创新是这座城市的核心。// With innovation at the heart of this city, Shenzhen has risen to be an important centre for China’s high-tech industries.(P11) 创新是这座城市的灵魂所在，深圳已崛起为中国高科技行业的重要中心。 短语 at the heart of意思是"是......的关键，处于......的核心"。如： Hard work lies at the heart of his success. 勤奋工作是他成功的关键。 Technology is at the heart of the industry.技术是这个行业的核心。 4. It has risen to become an important centre for technology industries in the world and is home to many tech giants. 它已崛起为全球重要的科技产业中心，也是众多科技巨头的所在地。 - technology n.(=tech)技术； - 不可数名词，缩写为 tech； - 表“具体的技术种类”时，可作可数名词；复数形式：technologies；例：information technologies（信息技术）。 - industry n.行业；工业 - 表“工业”时，不可数名词；例：heavy industry（重工业）； - 表“具体行业”时，可数名词；复数形式：industries；例：service industries（服务业）。 - giant n.大公司；巨人，庞然大物；可数名词，复数形式：giants； 5. Today, it is leading the move from “Made in China” to “Created in China”. 如今，它正引领着从“中国制造”向“中国创造”的转变。 - lead vt.&vi.引领；领导；lead to + n./doing（导致）；lead in（引入）；lead the way（带路）； - move n.改变，转变；- 可数名词，复数形式：moves；vt. 推动；使 ... 感动；vi. 移动；搬家；采取行动；例：The army is on the move.军队在移动。 That desk is fixed, don't try to move it.那张桌子是固定的，别去移动它。 Give it a hard push, then it will move.用力推一下，就能使它移动。 6. Shenzhen is also active in its drive to become a cultural centre. 深圳也积极致力于成为文化中心。 be active in its drive to积极推动……；如： The government has been active in its drive to reform the education system, aiming to improve the quality of teaching and learning.政府积极推动教育体系改革，旨在提高教学质量。 7. It offers a wealth of cultural facilities, such as libraries, museums, theatres and art spaces, as well as many excellent cultural and educational activities. (pages 8-9, lines 8-10)它(深圳)提供了丰富的文化设施，如图书馆，博物馆，剧院和艺术空间，以及许多优质的文化和教育活动。// As a result, excellent young talent from across the world has come to Shenzhen. (P11)因此，来自世界各地杰出的青年才俊来到了深圳。// And there are a wealth of cultural and -educational activities here.(P11)这里有大量的文化教育活动。 - a wealth of 大量的，丰富的；后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，例：a wealth of knowledge（丰富的知识）。a wealth of experience（丰富的经验）。 - facility n.设施，设备；-可数名词，指“公共设施、设备”时，多用复数facilities； - 短语 as well as意思是"除.....外，还"，常用来连接对等成分，在语义上强调的是as well as之前的信息。如：A teacher should entertain as well as teach.教师不仅要教书，也要激发学生兴趣。 - excellent adj.优秀的，杰出的； 例：an excellent student（优秀的学生）。 - educational adj.教育的，有关教育的；education n.教育；educate v.教育；例： The museum provides educational exhibits for school groups. 博物馆为学校团体提供教育展览。Students receive education from teachers. 学生们从老师那里接受教育。 Teachers educate students by sharing knowledge and skills.老师通过分享知识与技能来教育学生。 8. Moreover, the city has won an honour from UNESCO for being a role model in encouraging reading among the public. 此外，这座城市因在鼓励公众阅读方面树立了典范，荣获了联合国教科文组织的表彰。// The city has won an honour from UNESCO for encouraging reading among the public. (P11)这座城市还因鼓励公众阅读，获得了联合国教科文组织的一项荣誉。 honour n.荣誉； - 表“荣誉、名誉”时，不可数名词；例：for the honour of the country（为了国家的荣誉）； - 表“荣誉称号、奖项”时，可数名词；复数形式：honours；例：academic honours（学术荣誉）。 public n.民众；adj.公共的；公众的；- 反义词：private（私人的）。 - 集合名词，不可数，通常与 the 连用，例：the public（公众），谓语动词可用单数或复数。 - adj.用法：作定语或表语，例：public service（公共服务）；The park is open to the public.（这个公园对公众开放。） 9. Shenzhen is working to improve the quality of life for its citizens as well. 深圳也在努力提升市民的生活质量。 citizen n.居民，市民；公民；- 可数名词，复数形式：citizens；as well也； 10.The city has over 1,000 parks and more than 3,000 kilometres of greenways. 该市拥有超过1000个公园和3000多公里的绿道。 greenway n.绿道； green+ way→ greenway；- 可数名词，复数形式：greenways； 11. Shenzhen is the first city in the world to use green energy for almost all its buses and taxis. 深圳是世界上首个几乎所有公交车和出租车都使用绿色能源的城市。 主语 + be the first + 名词 + to do sth.：意为“……是第一个做某事的……”，例： Amy is the first student to come to school in our class. 艾米是我们班第一个到学校的学生。 12. “Electric buses produce less air pollution and make little noise, and now people here are enjoying a cleaner environment,” said a city planner. 一位城市规划师表示：“电动公交车减少了空气污染，噪音也很小，如今这里的人们正享受着更清洁的环境。” -electric adj.电动的； electric 指“电动的、用电的”（electric car 电动车）；electrical 指“与电相关的”（electrical engineer 电气工程师）。 -planner n.设计者，规划者；- 可数名词，复数形式：planners；- 例：city planners（城市规划师）。 -less和cleaner是相对应的形容词比较级。 13. Since the late 1970s, Shenzhen has developed at an amazing speed and has become a symbol of China’s development. 自20世纪70年代末以来，深圳以惊人的速度发展，成为了中国发展的象征。// He’s lived there since he finished college. (P12)他大学毕业后就一直住在那里。// Since then, we have visited many beautiful places in this car. (P14)从那以后，我们坐着这辆车参观了很多美丽的地方。 -since prep. & conj.自...以来； - 连词用法：引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时；例：Since he left, we have kept in touch.（自从他离开，我们一直保持联系。） - 介词用法：后接时间点或时间段；例：since 2020（自从2020年以来）。 -speed n.速度； - 表“速度”时，不可数，例：at high speed（高速）； - 表“多种速度”或“速率档位”时，可数，复数形式：speeds；例：different speeds of the machine（机器的不同转速）。 -development n.发展，成长； - 表“发展的过程”时，不可数名词；例：the development of science（科学的发展）； - 表“具体的发展成果”时，可数名词；复数形式：developments；例：new developments in AI（人工智能的新发展）。 14. The city’s pioneering spirit, together with the hard work and creativity of its citizens, is certainly the key to its success. (page 9,lines 21-23)这座城市的开拓精神，加上居民们的辛勤劳动和创造力，无疑是它成功的关键。// Our town has certainly become more modern over the years.(P17)这些年我们的小镇确实变得更现代化了。 句子的主语是 the city's pioneering spirit，而 together with the hard work and creativity of its citizens并不充当句子的主语，所以谓语动词的单复数和together with 前面的主语保持一致。 -pioneering adj.开拓性的；pioneer n.先锋，先驱； -citizen n.居民，市民；公民；可数名词，复数形式：citizens； citizen 侧重“法律意义上的公民”；resident 指“某地的居民”，不强调国籍。 -creativity n.创造力；不可数名词；例：a job that requires creativity（需要创造力的工作）。 -certainly adv. 无疑，肯定； -key n.关键；键，琴键；钥匙；-可数名词，复数形式：keys; -表“关键”时，常用搭配：the key to + n./doing，例：the key to success（成功的关键）。 15. Shenzhen has changed a lot over the years. 这些年深圳变化很大。同义句为： = Great changes have taken place in Shenzhen over the years. = There have been lots of changes in Shenzhen over the years. 16. In the past, most families made a living by fishing. (page 11,Part C)过去，大多数家庭靠捕鱼为生。 短语make a living by意思是"靠......谋生"，也可以表述成make one's living by。如： His father made a/his living by doing business across the country.他父亲曾靠走南闯北经商为生。 17. But it has become a world-famous city, right? 但它已经成为一座世界闻名的城市了，对吧？ world-famous adj.举世闻名的；合成形容词，作定语，例：a world-famous artist（举世闻名的艺术家）。 Grammar---Present perfect tense(P12-14) 1. I’ve just found out many things about Shenzhen from my uncle. He’s lived there since he finished college. 我刚从叔叔那里了解到很多关于深圳的事情。他大学毕业后就一直住在那里。 I’ve= I have; have found构成现在完成时；He’s = He has; has lived构成现在完成时；since引导的句子时态一般用一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时。 2. He said there are a lot more jobs now in Shenzhen, and the living conditions are much better. 他说现在深圳的工作机会多了很多，居住条件也好多了。 句子there are a lot more jobs now in Shenzhen, and the living conditions are much better.作动词said的宾语。 3. I hope one day I can visit Shenzhen. 我希望有一天能去深圳看看。 句子one day I can visit Shenzhen. 作动词hope的宾语。 4. -Have you been to Shenzhen before? 你以前去过深圳吗？ -I’ve only been there once, but I’m planning to go there again this summer. 我只去过一次，但我计划今年夏天再去一次。// I have been to many cities around the world, but Shenzhen is my favourite. (P14)我去过世界上很多城市，但深圳是我最喜欢的。// Have you noticed any of these while you’ve been here? (P14)你在这里的这段时间里注意到这些变化吗？ have/has been to:曾去过某地，现在已经回来了，后面可接表示“次数”的状语;如： He has been to London once. 他去过伦敦一次。 5. Sunshine Town has changed a lot over the years. 这些年，阳光镇变化很大。同义句： = Great changes have taken place in Sunshine Town over the years. = There have been lots of changes in Sunshine Town over the years. 6. The government has just turned part of the town centre into a new park. 政府刚把镇中心的一部分改造成了一个新公园。 has turned构成现在完成时；turn … into…把……变成……；如： He showed me how to turn my ideas into plans and then into new things. 他教会了我如何将想法转化为计划，再将计划付诸实践创造新事物。 7. Recently, the air in our town has improved a lot. 最近，我们镇上的空气质量改善了很多。 has improved构成现在完成时；recently adv.最近；常与现在完成时连用；例：I have recently visited Paris.（我最近去了巴黎。） 8. Some people in the countryside have already moved to new buildings. 农村的一些人已经搬到新楼房里了。have moved构成现在完成时； already adv.已经，早已 ；多用于肯定句，位置在助动词后、实义动词前；例：He has already finished his homework.（他已经做完作业了。） 9. I haven't visited the museum yet. 我还没参观这座博物馆。// Last week she went back to see them and has not returned yet. 我妈妈18岁时离开了家乡，但她经常回去看望祖父母。上周她回去看他们，而且还没回来。 haven't visited 和has not returned构成现在完成时的否定句； yet adv.尚，还；迄今；多用于否定句或疑问句，位置在句末；例：He hasn’t arrived yet.（他还没到。）Have you finished yet?（你做完了吗？） 10. He has worked at the company for over 17 years up to now.到目前为止，他已经在这家公司工作超过17年了。 has worked构成现在完成时； up to now现在完成时的时间状语。 11. My mum left her hometown at the age of 18, but she often returns to visit my grandparents. at the age of在……岁时；He made his first great achievement at the age of 18. 他在18岁时取得了首次重大成就。 12. You have lived in Shenzhen for ten years. 你已经在深圳居住十年了。同义句： = You have lived in Shenzhen since ten years ago. =It is(=has passed) ten years since you lived in Shenzhen. 13. You could say I have fallen in love with Shenzhen—it feels like home. (page 14,Part C)你可以说我爱上了深圳感觉它像家一样。 短语 fall in love with sb/sth意思是"爱上某人或某物"。该短语强调动作，不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。若强调状态，可以用be in love with。如； Mr. Wang has been in love with his work for years.王先生多年来一直热爱自己的工作。 14. In fact, there have been lots of changes in the past few years. (page 14,Part C)事实上，过去几年里发生了很多变化。 (1)句中 there have been lots of changes也可以表述为：Lots of changes have taken place/Lots of changes have happened. (2)短语 in the past few years意思是"过去几年"，现在完成时的时间状语。类似的表达还有 in/over/during the last/past ...years。如： Our city has changed greatly in the last ten years.我们的城市在过去十年里发生了巨大的变化。 15. There are more underground lines now. 现在有更多的地铁线路了 line n.交通线；线(条)；行，列；可数名词，复数形式：lines；如： 交通线路（a subway line一条地铁线路）；线条（a straight line一条直线）；文字行（a line of poetry一行诗）。 16. Thank you for speaking to me. I enjoy hearing your thoughts about our city. 谢谢你和我交谈。我很开心听到你对我们城市的看法。 Thank you for =Thanks for…;感谢……; speak to sb. 和……交谈; Integration---Great changes (P15-18) 1. When you step onto the wide, clean roads of Starlight Village, you will see rows of new houses, tall trees and beautiful flowers. Life in Starlight Village is very comfortable, and people are happy to live here. 当你踏上星光村宽阔干净的道路，会看到一排排新房、高大的树木和美丽的鲜花。星光村的生活非常舒适，人们在这里生活得很开心。// The roads are much wider than before and it is clean and tidy everywhere.(P18) 道路比以前宽阔多了，而且到处都既干净又整洁。 -step vi.迈步，踩，踏，行走；不及物动词：step on sth.（踩在某物上），step forward（向前迈步），step into（走进）。可数名词，复数形式：steps；take steps to do sth.（采取措施做某事）。 -wide adj.宽的，宽阔的；- 比较级：wider；最高级：widest； wide 指“宽度大的”（wide road）； broad 侧重“幅面宽广的”，可用于比喻（broad mind 宽广的胸怀）。 -row n.一排，一列，一行；可数名词，复数形式：rows；常用搭配：a row of +可数名词复数，例：a row of trees（一排树）。 2. However, 40 years ago, the roads here were narrow and muddy, and some of the houses were old and broken. 然而，40年前，这里的道路狭窄泥泞，一些房屋破旧不堪。// The roads were often narrow and muddy. Few tourists went there. (P15) 这里的道路常常狭窄而泥泞，很少有游客来。 muddy adj.泥泞的；浑浊的；糊涂的；v.使沾上烂泥;使 ... 混浊;使迷惑；mud n.泥；烂泥；泥浆;诽谤；诋毁; vt.用泥涂抹；用泥把…弄脏；如： It's muddy underfoot. 地上很泥泞。 The police dredged up the parcel from the muddy river.警方从浑浊的河水中捞出包裹。 There is a muddy expression in his face.他脸上有一种糊涂的表情。 Don't muddy your new shoes.别把泥巴沾到新鞋子上面去。 Don't muddy the water of the stream.别把小溪的水弄混。 The ground was covered in mud. 地上覆盖着泥浆。 Don't fling mud at him just because you don't like him.不要因为你不喜欢他就诽谤他。 3. There was often rubbish lying in the streets. (page 15,Part A)街上经常可见垃圾。 句型"there be+主语+doing(sth)"表示"某人/某物正在做(某事)或处于某种状态"。如： There is a boy standing under the apple tree。有一个男孩站在苹果树下。 4. Li Ling, a local villager, said, “Thanks to the government’s support, the roads in the village have improved a lot in recent years. The lives of local people are better than before. Most families have built beautiful houses, and we feel hopeful about the future.”当地村民李玲说：“多亏了政府的支持，村里的道路近几年改善了很多。当地人的生活比以前好了，大多数家庭都盖起了漂亮的房子，我们对未来充满希望。”// Thanks to the Beautiful Countryside Programme, living conditions in the countryside in China have changed a lot in recent years. 多亏了“美丽乡村计划”，中国农村的居住条件近几年发生了很大的变化。 -villager n.村民；可数名词，复数形式：villagers；如：The villagers knew about the scandal.村子里的居民知道这件丑事。 -recent adj.近来的，新近的；常与现在完成时连用。如：This is a recent period in history.这是历史上近代的一段时期。 -hopeful adj.抱有希望，满怀希望；hopeless adj. 没有希望的；绝望的；无可救药的；如：We are hopeful about the future. 我们对未来抱乐观态度。 With a hopeless sigh he sat down.他绝望的叹了口气，坐下了。 -Thanks to“由于”、“多亏”，to表示感谢的对象。如：He was saved from drowning，thanks to a passer-by．多亏一位过路人，他才免于溺死。 5. Now great changes have taken place in the village. 现在村庄发生了巨大的变化。// Great changes have also taken place in another village, Riverside Village, a quiet village with many farms. 另一个村庄河畔村也发生了巨大的变化，它曾是一个有许多农场的宁静村庄。 同义句：Now great changes have taken place in the village. =The village has changed a lot now. =There have been great changes in the village now. 6. Tourism has helped develop Springfield Village a lot.旅游业极大地帮助了斯普林菲尔德村。 tourism n.旅游业，观光业；- 不可数名词；如： The city is finally realizing its tourism potential.该市终于让旅游潜力得到发挥。 7. Farmers there are happier because modern machines and technology have made farming easier and improved their lives. 那里的农民更幸福了，因为现代化的机器和科技让农活变得更轻松，也改善了他们的生活。 - 主句：Farmers there are happier -  there  为后置定语，修饰  farmers ，意为“那里的农民”； happier  是  happy  的比较级，表“更幸福的”。 - 原因状语从句：because modern machines and technology have made farming easier and improved their lives - 从句用 现在完成时，强调“现代化机器和科技带来的影响持续到现在”； - 从句中包含两个并列谓语： have made  和  (have) improved ，后者省略了重复的助动词  have 。 8. The Internet has also helped farmers because they can now easily sell their products on the internet.互联网也帮了农民的忙，因为他们现在能轻松地在网上售卖农产品。 - 主句：The Internet has also helped farmers -  also  放在助动词  has  之后、实义动词  helped  之前，是现在完成时中副词的标准位置。 - 原因状语从句：because they can now easily sell their products on the internet - 副词  easily  修饰动词  sell ，放在情态动词  can  之后、实义动词  sell  之前； - 地点状语  on the internet  置于句末，符合英语“尾重原则”。 9. Many changes have taken place in Sunshine Town over the last 40 years. (P18) 过去40年里，阳光镇发生了许多变化。同义句： =Sunshine Town has changed a lot over the last 40 years. =There have been great changes in Sunshine Town over the last 40 years. 10. Now it is common to take a bus, a taxi or the underground. Moreover, most families have got their own cars. (P18)现在，乘公交、出租车或地铁是很常见的事。此外，大多数家庭都有了自己的汽车。 common adj.普遍的；共同的；常用搭配：have...in common（有共同点）；It is common to do sth.（做某事很常见）。如： They have a strong interest in music in common, so they have many topics to talk about despite coming from different cities. 他们对音乐有着强烈的共同兴趣，所以尽管来自不同的城市，他们还是有很多话题可以谈论。 It is common to see people using umbrellas in the rainy season.（在雨季，常见人们会打伞。） 11. Thanks to the support from the government and the hard work of the citizens, the living conditions in Sunshine Town have improved a lot. (P18)多亏了政府的支持和市民的辛勤付出，阳光镇的居住条件改善了很多。 - 句首 Thanks to... 引导原因状语，其中the support from... 和 the hard work of...是并列的名词短语，共同作Thanks to的宾语。 - 主句主语是the living conditions，in Sunshine Town作后置定语修饰主语；谓语用现在完成时have improved ，强调“改善”这个动作带来的结果持续到现在； a lot 作程度状语，说明改善的程度。 12. People are enjoying a happier life. (P18) 人们正过着更幸福的生活。 - 本句用现在进行时，并非表“正在享受”的瞬间动作，而是表现阶段持续的状态。 - happier 是形容词比较级，暗含“现在的生活比过去更幸福”的对比含义。 Further study(P19) 拓展学习 China has seen many changes, especially since the reform and opening-up. Many forms of art show these changing times. For example, the novel A Lifelong Journey by Liang Xiaosheng tells the story of two brothers and a sister from a worker’s family in a northern city. It follows their lives of about 50 years, showing how reforms changed their city, jobs and dreams. It is about family, hard choices and the spirit of ordinary people in changing China. Find a film, book, painting or song that reflects the changing times, and then introduce it to your classmates. 中国发生了许多变化，尤其是自改革开放以来。多种艺术形式展现了这些变迁的时代。例如，梁晓声的小说《人世间》讲述了北方一座城市里一个工人家庭的兄妹三人的故事。它追踪了他们约50年的人生，展现了改革如何改变了他们的城市、工作和梦想。这部作品关乎家庭、艰难的抉择，以及变迁中的中国里普通人的精神。找一部反映时代变迁的电影、书籍、绘画或歌曲，然后向你的同学介绍它。 1. China has seen many changes, especially since the reform and opening-up. -主句用现在完成时 has seen，强调“变化从过去持续到现在”； especially用于加强语气，突出“改革开放”这个关键时间节点的影响。 - since the reform and opening-up是时间状语，since接表示过去的事件，是现在完成时的典型标志。 2. It follows their lives of about 50 years, showing how reforms changed their city, jobs and dreams. -主句主语It指代前文的小说《人世间》； of about 50 years 作后置定语，修饰lives 。 -现在分词短语showing... 作伴随状语，与主句动作follows同时发生； how引导的宾语从句中，用一般过去时changed ，表“改革带来的改变是过去发生的事”。 3. Find a film, book, painting or song that reflects the changing times, and then introduce it to your classmates. - 本句是 祈使句 + and + 祈使句 的结构，表顺承的动作；第一个祈使句中， that reflects the changing times 是定语从句，修饰先行词 a film, book, painting or song 。 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $