内容正文:
8BUnit1单词讲练
一、词汇解析:
一、)词汇拓展(四会词&短语):
underground n.地铁(英式英语);subway(美式英语);under+ ground →underground复数形式:undergrounds;tube 为英式口语化表达。
speed n.速度;
- 表“速度”时,不可数,例:at high speed(高速);
- 表“多种速度”或“速率档位”时,可数,复数形式:speeds;
high-speed train n.高速列车;复数形式:high-speed trains;
used to modal v.曾经;used to do(过去常常);
crowded adj.拥挤的;- 反义词:uncrowded(宽敞的)。
convenient adj.方便的;- 同义词:handy(侧重“手边的、便利的”)。
southern adj.南部的,南方的;south n. 南部,南方;
high-tech adj.高科技的(尤指电子方面);
pioneer n.先锋,先驱;复数形式:pioneers;pioneering adj.开拓性的;
at the heart of 在...的核心;
technology n.(=tech)技术;
- 不可数名词,缩写为 tech;
- 表“具体的技术种类”时,可作可数名词;复数形式:technologies;
industry n.行业;工业
- 表“工业”时,不可数名词;
- 表“具体行业”时,可数名词;复数形式:industries;
lead vt.&vi.引领;领导;lead to + n./doing(导致);lead in(引入);lead the way(带路);
move n.改变,转变;- 可数名词,复数形式:moves;vt. 推动;使移动;使 ... 感动;提议;vi. 移动;搬家;采取行动;
wealth n.财富;富有;- 不可数名词;比较级:wealthier; 最高级:wealthiest;
a wealth of 大量的,丰富的;后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。
as well as除...之外,也,还
excellent adj.优秀的,杰出的;
educational adj.教育的,有关教育的;education n.教育;educate v.教育;
honour n.荣誉;
- 表“荣誉、名誉”时,不可数名词;
- 表“荣誉称号、奖项”时,可数名词;复数形式:honours;
public n.民众;adj.公共的;公众的;- 反义词:private(私人的)。
- 集合名词,不可数,通常与 the 连用,例:the public(公众),谓语动词可用单数或复数。
- adj.用法:作定语或表语,例:public service(公共服务);The park is open to the public.(这个公园对公众开放。)
citizen n.居民,市民;公民;- 可数名词,复数形式:citizens;
greenway n.绿道; green+ way→ greenway;- 可数名词,复数形式:greenways;
electric adj.电动的;
planner n.设计者,规划者;- 可数名词,复数形式:planners;
since prep.&conj.自...以来;
- 连词用法:引导时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时。例:Since he left, we have kept in touch.(自从他离开,我们一直保持联系。)
- 介词用法:后接时间点,例:since 2020(自从2020年以来)。
development n.发展,成长;
- 表“发展的过程”时,不可数名词;例:the development of science(科学的发展);
- 表“具体的发展成果”时,可数名词;复数形式:developments;例:new developments in AI(人工智能的新发展)。
pioneering adj.开拓性的;pioneer n.先锋,先驱;
creativity n.创造力;- 不可数名词;a job that requires creativity(需要创造力的工作)。
certainly adv. 无疑,肯定;
key n.关键;键,琴键;
- 可数名词,复数形式:keys
- 表“关键”时,常用搭配:the key to + n./doing,例:the key to success(成功的关键)。
make a living 谋生; 例:He makes a living by writing.(他靠写作谋生。)
world-famous adj.举世闻名的;
- 合成形容词,作定语,例:a world-famous artist(举世闻名的艺术家)。
recently adv.最近;常与现在完成时或一般过去时连用;例:I have recently visited Paris.(我最近去了巴黎。)
already adv.已经,早已 ;多用于肯定句,位置在助动词后、实义动词前;例:He has already finished his homework.(他已经做完作业了。)
yet adv.尚,还;迄今;多用于否定句或疑问句,位置在句末;例:He hasn’t arrived yet.(他还没到。)Have you finished yet?(你做完了吗?)
reporter n.记者;- 可数名词,复数形式:reporters;
line n.交通线;线(条);行,列;- 可数名词,复数形式:lines;
step vi.迈步,踩,踏,行走;不及物动词:step on sth.(踩在某物上),step forward(向前迈步),step into(走进)。
- 可数名词,复数形式:steps;take steps to do sth.(采取措施做某事)。
wide adj.宽的,宽阔的;- 比较级:wider;最高级:widest;
row n.一排,一列,一行;- 可数名词,复数形式:rows;
villager n.村民;- 可数名词,复数形式:villagers;
recent adj.近来的,新近的;常与现在完成时连用。
hopeful adj.抱有希望,满怀希望;
guest n.旅客,房客;客人;-可数名词,复数形式:guests;
guest house n.小旅馆;
tourism n.旅游业,观光业;- 不可数名词;
empty adj.空的;- 反义词:full(满的);
common adj.普遍的;共同的;常用搭配:have...in common(有共同点);It is common to do sth.(做某事很常见)。
二、)词语辨析:
speed//rate//velocity//pace
speed, rate, velocity与pace这些名词均含“速度、速率”之意。其区别如下:
speed:泛指各类速度;如:
She finished typewriting the letter at speed.她迅速打好那封信。
rate:作“速度”讲时,与speed同义,可换用。作速率解时,指相对增长的速度,也指两种相比较而得出的标准速度。如:
What is the advertising rate in your newspaper?你们报纸的广告价格是多少?
velocity 为科技用语,指“速率(有方向的速度)”;如:
The car was moving at such a velocity!那辆汽车的速度简直太快了!
pace 侧重“步速、节奏”。 如:
She works so fast that I can't keep pace with her.她工作得很快,我跟不上她的速度。
When John found he was going to be late, he stepped up his pace.约翰发现要迟到了, 就加大步伐。
used to do//be used to doing//be used to do
used to do:表示过去常常做某事,强调过去经常反复发生的动作或状态,但现在已经不再做了。这里的 “used” 是谓语动词,一般过去时态,“to” 是不定式符号,后接动词原形。例如:I used to play football after school.(我过去常常在放学后踢足球)。
be used to doing:表示习惯于做某事或适应了某种情况。这里的 “used” 是形容词,“be” 是真正的谓语动词,“to” 是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词。例如: I am used to getting up early.(我已经习惯了早起)。
be used to do:是一个被动语态结构,表示某物或某人被用来执行某个动作或完成某项任务。这里的 “used” 是动词 “use” 的过去分词形式,与 “to do” 一起构成了被动语态短语,强调某物或某人的功能和用途。例如:This pen is used to write letters.(这支笔是用来写信的)。
move// change
move n.改变,转变;侧重“举措、行动上的改变”,多指具体的行动或步骤;如:
The army is on the move.军队在移动。
This move is now in preparation.这一步骤,目前正在准备中。
change n. 变化;零钱;v. 改变;泛指各类变化,范围更广。如:
There is a sudden change in the situation.形势突然发生变化。
Many changes have taken place in our hometown. 我们的家乡发生了许多变化。
wealth//fortune
wealth n.财富;富有;不可数名词;多指物质或精神上的“财富总量”;如:
Wealth had not brought them happiness. 财富并没有给他们带来幸福。
The country’s wealth is based on trade. 该国的财富建立在贸易基础之上。
fortune n.财富;命运;运气;侧重“运气”或“一笔财富”。当fortune表示具体的财富数额时是可数名词;而当它表示抽象的运气或命运概念时,则通常是不可数名词。如:make a fortune发大财// have good fortune运气好
citizen//resident
citizen, resident 均含有“居民,公民”之意。
citizen指拥有某国国籍或有某地区合法身份的人,即公民。侧重“法律意义上的公民”;可数名词,复数形式:citizens;如:We need our schools to teach students to be good citizens.我们需要学校把学生培养为好公民。
resident多指长期居住或暂时居住的居民,有时也指旅居者,不强调国籍。可数名词,复数形式:residents;如:Many foreigners have become American residents.许多外国人已成为美国居民。
electric/electrical/electronic
electric、electrical和electronic这三个词都与电有关,但它们的含义和用途有所不同。以下是它们的主要区别:
Electric:这个词强调与电有直接的关系,通常指产生电或用电驱动的设备。例如,electric light(电灯)、electric stove(电炉)等。Electric也可以指本身带电的物体,如electric current(电流)。
Electrical:这个词强调与电的关系是间接的,通常指与电有关的事物,但这些事物本身并不一定带电。例如,electrical engineer(电气工程师)、electrical energy(电能)等。Electrical常用于学科领域,如电气工程。
Electronic:这个词特指与电子学相关的技术和设备,通常指与电子装置有关的或使用电子装置的。例如,electronic equipment(电子设备)、electronic calculator(电子计算器)等。
综上所述,这三个词在描述与电相关的事物时有着不同的侧重点。Electric用于描述直接用电的设备或带电的物体,electrical用于描述与电有关但不一定带电的事物,而electronic则用于描述与电子技术相关的设备或装置。
reporter//journalist
reporter n.记者;泛指新闻记者;可数名词,复数形式:reporters;如:
You’re a wonderful news reporter.你是个优秀的新闻记者。
journalist n.记者;侧重“新闻工作者”,涵盖范围更广(包括编辑、撰稿人等)。可数名词,复数形式:journalists;如:I believe that a journalist should be completely objective.我认为一名记者应该完全客观。
wide//broad
wide指物体在横向或水平方向上的距离较大,强调宽度或范围的广阔,从一边到另一边的距离。在形容人的口、眼睛等之大以及与open连用时通常用wide而不用broad。如:She stared at him with wide eyes.她睁大眼睛注视着他。
常见搭配:wide road(宽阔的道路)、wide smile(灿烂的微笑)、wide range of options(广泛的选择范围)等。
引申义:可以用于形容人的思维、视野等方面的开阔,表示“广泛的”,通常用wide。如a wide mind(开阔的思维)。如:wide reading(广泛的阅读)、wide discussion(广泛的讨论)。
broad通常指面积、范围或领域的广大,有时也强调宽度,但更多时候带有一种全面、广泛的意味,侧重指表面或幅面的宽广。在形容人的脸、肩、背、胸以及植物的叶时,通常用broad而不用wide。如:broad chest宽胸;broad shoulders宽肩;a broad leaf阔叶; broad street宽阔的街道; broad knowledge(广博的知识)等。
特殊用法:在描述河流、海洋等水域时,“broad”常用于强调其宽广无垠的特点;同时,在商业、经济等领域,“broad”也常用于形容市场、产品线等的广泛覆盖。
引申义:用于形容知识面的广泛、兴趣爱好的多样等。也可用于比喻(broad mind 宽广的胸怀)。
guest//visitor
guest n.旅客,房客;客人;指受邀请的客人或旅馆的住客;可数名词,复数形式:guests;如:She’s having a guest for dinner tonight.她今晚有位客人来吃饭。这里的“guest” 指的是事先受到邀请的客人。
visitor n.游客;泛指访客、游客。可数名词,复数形式:visitors;如:You have some visitors to see you.有人来看你了。这里的“visitors”指的是到访者,不一定是事先邀请的。
empty//vacant
empty adj.空的;指“空间内无物体”(empty room);- 反义词:full(满的);隐含义:empty有空虚、寂寞的意思。如:The box is empty.这个盒子是空的。
She had an empty look on her face.她脸上有种茫然的神情。
vacant adj.空缺的;茫然的;失神的;无人主张继承权的;无人主张权利的;指“职位、房间等空缺的”(vacant position)。隐含义:vacant有空缺、空虚麻木的意思。如:
The seat next to him was vacant.他旁边的座位空着。vacant mind空虚的心灵。
common//ordinary//usual
common adj.普遍的;共同的;侧重“普遍存在的”; 如:We are working together for a common purpose.我们在为一个共同的目标一起工作。
ordinary adj.指“普通的、平凡的” (强调平淡无奇的); 如:His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. 他通常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。
usual adj.指“习惯性的、通常的” (强调习惯性的)。 如:He came home later than usual.他回家比平时晚了些。
二、即时自测:根据首字母或汉语提示,完成下列短文。
With the rapid 1. d________ of society, great changes have taken place in people's daily lives, especially in transportation and urban construction.
In the past, people 2. ________(曾经) take the slow bus or ride bikes to go out. The roads were narrow and often 3. c________ during rush hours. But now, we have many choices: the fast 4. u________, the comfortable 5. h________ - s________ train with amazing 6. s________, and even 7. e________ cars that are friendly to the environment. These means of transportation make our trips more 8. c________.
In 9. s________ China, a new type of urban construction is becoming popular — the 10. g________. It is 11. _______________________ (在...的核心) the city's ecological construction. Many 12. p________ have designed these paths with 13. h________ - t________ elements, which not only provide a place for 14. p________ to exercise but also promote the local 15. t________.
There are many 16. p________ in the field of urban planning. They have made 17. p________ contributions to the city's progress. 18. S________ the 21st century, 19. t________ has played a 20. k________ role in promoting the 21. i________. Those who have 22. l________ the way in innovation have brought great 23. w________ to the society, for they have created 24. ________________ (大量的) job opportunities 25. ________________(除...之外) promoted cultural exchange.
26. R________, a 27. r________ interviewed some 28. v________ living in a small town. They said that thanks to the construction of new 29. l________ and 30. g________ h________, the number of 31. g________ has increased a lot. The once 32. e________ streets are now full of people, and it's 33. c________ to see people taking a 34. s________ along the 35. w________ roads. The 36. c________ here are all 37. h________ about the future of their hometown.
It's an 38. h________ to live in such a time of progress. We should value the 39. e________ resources around us and encourage 40. c________ to make our world a better place.
答案:
1 development; 2 used to; 3 crowded; 4 underground; 5 high – speed;
6 speed; 7 electric; 8 convenient; 9 southern; 10 greenway;
11 at the heart of; 12 planners; 13 high – tech; 14 public; 15 tourism;
16 pioneers; 17 pioneering; 18 Since; 19 technology; 20 key;
21 industry; 22 led; 23 wealth; 24 a wealth of; 25 as well as;
26 Recently; 27 reporter; 28 villagers; 29 lines; 30 guest houses;
31 guests; 32 empty; 33 common; 34 step; 35 wide;
36 citizens; 37 hopeful; 38 honour; 39 excellent; 40 creativity;
6
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$