Unit 6教材原文助读11-（配套教参）【学霸笔记·同步精讲 教材助读 语基默写】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版）

本讲义聚焦太空探索主题，系统梳理核心词汇（如hazardous、undertaking）、关键语法结构（独立主格、主语从句、“might have done”结构）及“挑战者号”事件语篇。通过词汇构词解析（如unexceptional的否定前缀拆解）、语法标注（如[1][2]等从句分析）和中文翻译，搭建从基础语言知识到语篇理解的学习支架。 该资料以真实航天事件为载体，融合语言能力与文化意识培养。通过解析复杂句式（如独立主格结构）提升语言理解能力，借助“挑战者号”失事与后续探索的叙述，涵养人类命运共同体意识。课中辅助教师系统讲解词汇语法，课后学生可通过资料回顾事件脉络，弥补语篇分析和语法应用的知识盲点。

Unit 6教材原文助读11 ①set foot on进入；访问，参观(某地) ②become/get accustomed to (doing) sth. ＝be/become/get used to (doing) sth.习惯于(做)某事 accustomed[ə'kʌstəmd]adj.习惯的；通常的，惯常的 ③the notion of...……的概念/看法 notion ['nəʊʃ(ə)n] n．[C] 概念；观点；看法 ④one's heart in one's mouth 胆战心惊；提心吊胆 ⑤arduous ['ɑːdjuəs] adj. 艰苦的；艰难的 ⑥hazardous ['hæzədəs] adj. 危险的，不安全的 ⑦undertaking [ˌʌndə'teIkIŋ] n．[C](重大或艰巨的)任务，项目 ⑧go wrong出现问题；发生故障 ⑨leap n．& vt.& vi.跳跃 ⑩mission n．[C]太空飞行任务 ⑪unexceptional [ˌʌnIk'sepʃ(ə)nəl] adj. 平常的 [单词拆解]un-(否定前缀，意为“不、非、反”)＋exception(n.例外)＋-al(后缀，意为“与……有关的”，常用于构成形容词) ⑫innovation [ˌInə'veIʃn] n．[C] 新发明；新思想，新方法 ⑬succeed each other彼此接连出现 succeed [熟词生义] vt.随后出现，接替 ⑭the space shuttle航天飞机 ⑮excursion [Ik'skɜːʃ(ə)n] n．[C](有特定目的的)短途出行 ⑯tune in收看(电视节目)，收听(收音机广播节目) ⑰witness ['wItnəs] vt.目击，目睹，当场看到 ⑱civilian [sə'vIliən] n．[C] 平民，老百姓 ⑲demonstrate vt.示范；演示；论证；说明 ⑳gravity n．[U]重力；地球引力 objective n．[C]目的，目标 the main/primary objective主要/首要目标 meet/achieve one's objectives 达到/实现某人的目标 communicate [熟词生义]vt.& vi.传达，传递(想法、感情、思想等) rekindle [riː'kIndl] v．重新激起，重新唤起 rekindle interest/hopes重新激发兴趣/重新点燃希望 tragically ['trædʒIkli] adv. 悲惨地，不幸地 tragic adj.悲惨的，可悲的；悲剧的 go into shock陷入震惊 assume vt.认为；假定；假设 instantaneously [ˌInstən'teIniəsli] adv. 瞬间地 terror n．惊恐；恐惧；惊骇 in terror惊恐地 cast a shadow on给……蒙上阴影 cast vt.投射(光、影子等) shadow ['ʃædəʊ] n．坏影响，阴影 a cloud of一团 in mid-air在半空中 scream [skriːm] v．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫 The Call of the Challenger Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on① the Moon back on 20 July 1969, people have become accustomed to② the notion of③ space travel. [1]Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets, their hearts in their mouths④， aware of how arduous⑤ and hazardous⑥ an undertaking⑦ it was, and of the many things that could go wrong⑧. With Armstrong's now famous words “That's one small step for man, one giant leap⑨ for mankind”，[2]what had once been considered impossible had now been achieved. [3]Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by today's average school students, all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission⑩ made it safely back to Earth. [1]本句为主从复合句。主句为“Millions watched...television sets”；their hearts in their mouths为独立主格结构作伴随状语；“aware of...go wrong”为形容词短语作状语，其中how引导宾语从句，that引导定语从句。 [2]此处为what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语。 [3]此处为过去分词短语作状语。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a computer；much修饰形容词的比较级；“used by...students”为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the ones。 [4]Following the Moon landings, space travel rapidly became unexceptional⑪ to the public, as innovations⑫ succeeded each other⑬. By the early 1980s, the great rockets previously used in the American space programme had been replaced by the space shuttle⑭. When the Challenger space shuttle took off on 28 January 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved. But this was going to be no ordinary excursion⑮， and millions of people tuned in⑯ to witness⑰ the take-off on TV. It was special because Christa McAuliffe aged 37, an ordinary teacher and mother, was about to become the first civilian⑱ in space. She planned to give two 15-minute lessons from orbit: [5]the first to demonstrate⑲ the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity⑳ worked, and the second to describe the objectives of the Challenger programme. Christa hoped to communicate a sense of excitement and rekindle interest in the space programme. With the eyes of students across the nation upon her, she [6]might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists. [5]此处的“the first to demonstrate...worked”和“the second to describe...programme”均省略了系动词was，不定式短语“to demonstrate...worked”和“to describe...programme”分别说明the first (lesson)和the second (lesson)的内容。 [6]此处为“might have done”结构，用于表示过去本可以做而没做的事。 Tragically, she never returned to her classroom as the shuttle exploded just over a minute after taking off in Florida, and all seven astronauts on board were killed. The world went into shock, [7]most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane. How wrong they had been! Instantaneously, excitement and optimism turned into terror and failure. It was the most disastrous space accident ever, and it cast a shadow on people's hearts. [7]此处为独立主格结构，在句中作状语。that引导宾语从句；“no＋形容词比较级＋than”意为“和……一样不……”。 “I can remember that day so clearly, watching the take-off on TV at school，” said one student. “There was an ordinary teacher on the Challenger, and we were all very excited. We didn't have much patience waiting for the launch. [8]We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts waving to the world as they stepped into the shuttle. Then, little more than a minute after take-off, we saw a strange red and orange light in the sky, followed by a cloud of white smoke. The Challenger had exploded in mid-air and we all started screaming．” [8]本句中waving to the world为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰the astronauts；as引导时间状语从句。 Following the shock of the Challenger disaster, space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated, and some of the shuttle's components were redesigned. But [9]there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue, and on 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery. “挑战者号”的呼唤 自1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以来，人们已经习惯于太空旅行这一概念。数百万人坐在黑白电视机前观看首次登月，激动得心都跳到嗓子眼儿了，因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰巨而又危险的任务，许多方面都有可能出现问题。伴随着阿姆斯特朗的那句名言——“这是个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步”，曾被认为不可能的事情如今已经实现了。执行“阿波罗11号”任务的三位宇航员在一台计算机的指导下都安全返回了地球，而这台计算机远不如当今普通学校的学生使用的计算机功能强大。 登月后，由于新事物接连出现，太空旅行迅速成为公众眼中的寻常之事。到20世纪80年代早期，美国太空计划中曾使用的大型火箭已被航天飞机所代替。当“挑战者号”航天飞机于1986年1月28日发射时，全世界似乎已经对参与其中的宇航员所获得的惊人成就不再感到惊奇。但这将成为一次不寻常的航行，数百万人打开电视，共同见证这次发射。这次航行的特殊之处在于，一位名为克丽斯塔·麦考利夫的37岁普通教师兼母亲将会成为第一位到访太空的普通公民。她计划在“挑战者号”沿轨道运行时讲两节时长为十五分钟的课：第一节课她要展示航天器的操控装置，并解释引力是如何发挥作用的；第二节课她要讲述“挑战者号”太空计划的目标。克丽斯塔希望借此传达她的激动之情，重新激起人们对太空计划的兴趣。当全国学生的目光都聚集在她身上时，她或许能激发他们成为全新一代宇航员和太空科学家的理想。 令人悲伤的是，她再也没能回到她的课堂，因为航天飞机在佛罗里达州发射仅一分多钟后就发生了爆炸，机上七名宇航员全部牺牲。全世界都震惊了，因为大多数人本以为这次太空航行会和乘飞机旅行一样安全。但是所有人都大错特错了！激动和乐观瞬间化为恐惧和挫败。这是有史以来最惨烈的航天事故，它给人们的心灵蒙上了阴影。 一个学生回忆道：“我非常清楚地记得那天，我在学校通过电视观看发射场景。有位普通教师在‘挑战者号’上，我们都非常激动，迫不及待地等着发射。我们看到宇航员步入航天飞机时笑容满面地向世界挥手致意。然后，发射仅仅一分多钟后，我们就看到了在天空中有一道奇怪的红橙色的光，紧接着是一团白烟。‘挑战者号’已经在半空中爆炸了，我们都开始尖叫。” 令人震惊的“挑战者号”灾难发生后，航天飞机航行中止了近三年时间，同时调查事故原因，重新设计飞行器的部分零件。但是毫无疑问，载人飞行仍将继续。1988年9月29日，随着“发现号”的成功发射，航天飞机项目重新启动。 suspend [sə'spend] vt.暂停， 中止；延缓，推迟；悬，挂 component n．[C] 组成部分；部件 resume [rI'zjuːm] vt.& vi.重新开始，(中断后)继续 crew [kruː] n．(飞机上的)全体机组人员 cut...short打断……， 中断…… take one's place得到应有的社会地位，占有一席之地 sacrifice n．[C，U] 牺牲， 舍弃 vt.牺牲 call to向……喊；召唤 reach for the stars探索星空；志向远大；雄心勃勃 [9]此处为“there is/was never any doubt that...”句型，意为“毫无疑问……”，相当于“there is/was no doubt that...”。 　　 [10]It has now been over 30 years since the loss of Challenger and although the lives of its crew were cut tragically short, they take their place alongside the other heroes of space exploration, such as Gagarin, Tereshkova, Armstrong and Yang Liwei. The memory of those seven will live forever, written in the stars, inspiring us to join them in humanity's greatest journey of exploration and discovery. The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, [11]reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem． [10]本句为and连接的并列复合句，第二个分句中although引导让步状语从句。 [11]此处为现在分词短语作状语。that引导宾语从句；no matter how引导让步状语从句。 　　“挑战者号”失事至今已有30多年了，虽然其机组人员都英年早逝，但他们与加加林、捷列什科娃、阿姆斯特朗以及杨利伟等进行太空探索的英雄们一样，都在历史上占有一席之地。他们七位的事迹将永存于世，被书写在漫天星辰中，激励我们加入他们，共同致力于人类最伟大的探索发现之旅。“挑战者号”的牺牲呼唤着、提醒着我们，不管繁星看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $