Unit 6教材原文助读12-（配套教参）【学霸笔记·同步精讲 教材助读 语基默写】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版）

本讲义聚焦宇宙探索主题，系统梳理天文相关词汇（如archeological site、galaxy、dark matter）、熟词生义（world表“星球”、nature表“本质”）及复杂句式（过去分词作定语、独立主格结构等），搭建从词汇积累到语篇分析（古代想象-望远镜发明-现代科技）再到语法解析的学习支架。 该资料以“语言能力+思维品质+文化意识”为核心设计，词汇表呈现词形变化（如fascinate/fascinating）和固定搭配（in reality、be engaged in），助力语言理解与表达。通过宇宙探索时间脉络培养分析推断能力，引入中国FAST望远镜案例增强家国情怀。课中辅助教师讲解词汇与语篇逻辑，课后帮助学生复习巩固，弥补知识盲点。

Unit 6教材原文助读12　 ①fascination n．魅力，极大的吸引力；[U，sing.]入迷，着迷 fascinate v．深深吸引，迷住 fascinating adj.迷人的，极有吸引力的 ②archeological site考古现场；考古遗址 archeological adj.考古学的 archeology n．考古学 archeologist n．考古学家 site n．[C]现场，发生地 ③in reality实际上，事实上 ④the naked eye肉眼 ⑤angle ['æŋɡ(ə)l] v．斜置 n．角度 ⑥imaginable adj.可想象的；想象得到的 ⑦world n．[C][熟词生义] (像地球的)星球，天体 ⑧galaxy ['ɡæləksi] n．[C] 星系；[sing.]银河 the galaxy银河系 ⑨matter n. [U]物质 dark matter暗物质 ⑩cosmic ['kɒzmIk] adj.宇宙的 cosmos n．宇宙 ⑪Earth-based telescope地面望远镜 ⑫breathtakingly adv. 惊人地；令人激动地 breathtaking adj.激动人心的， 惊人的 ⑬enormous [I'nɔːməs] adj. 庞大的，巨大的 ⑭conceivably [kən'siːvəb(ə)li] adv.可以相信地；可想象地 conceive vi.& vt.想象；构想 conceivable adj.可想象的；可信的 ⑮nature n．[sing.][熟词生义]基本特征，本质 ⑯at an ever-increasing speed 以不断增加的速度 speed n．[C，U]速度 ⑰be engaged in忙于；从事于；参与 ⑱ever adv.(进行比较时用以加强语气)以往任何时候，曾经 ⑲advanced adj.先进的 ⑳operate vt.& vi.(被)使用；(使)运转 be composed of...由……组成 subatomic particle亚原子粒子　 subatomic [ˌsʌbə'tɒmIk] adj.亚原子的；原子内的 particle ['pɑːtIk(ə)l] n．[C]粒子 invisible [In'vIzIb(ə)l] adj.看不见的 [反义词]visible adj.看得见的，可见的 light year n．[C]光年；[pl.]很长时间，很久 at the edge of...在……的边缘 look back to/on回顾，回忆 quest for探索；追求 close adj.几乎要……的，差不多要……的(常与介词to连用) EYES UPON THE NIGHT The night sky has been an endless source of fascination① since the start of human history. [1]For example, the mysterious large-eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, discovered at the Chinese archeological site② at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars. In reality③， humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye④. And, for a long while, people were unable to understand what they could see. [2]Not knowing what the stars were, people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky. [1] 本句为“Sb./Sth.＋be＋过去分词＋to do...”句型。其中“discovered at...Sanxingdui”为过去分词短语作定语，修饰bronze statues。 [2]此处为现在分词短语作原因状语，其中what引导宾语从句。 [3]Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescope was angled⑤ at the night sky, increasing as it did the power of the human eye and enabling us to understand that the universe is far larger than was previously imaginable⑥. The planets were seen to be worlds⑦ similar to our own, [4]many of them even having their own moons. Soon, it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy⑧ we call the Milky Way. Some 300 years later, we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just one galaxy among billions of others, spread across the blackness of space like great islands of light and matter⑨ floating in a vast cosmic⑩ ocean. [3]本句为主从复合句。“to investigate...space”为动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰Our power；“when the first...night sky”为when引导的时间状语从句；“increasing...human eye”和“enabling us...imaginable”是两个并列的现在分词短语作结果状语，其中that引导宾语从句，作understand的宾语。 [4]此处为独立主格结构，在句中作状语。 Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope⑪ was invented, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit, giving astronomers—indeed all of us—the first breathtakingly⑫ beautiful images of our universe taken from beyond Earth. [5]Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances, from enormous⑬ clouds of gas where stars are being born, to huge black holes, and even to new planets where we might conceivably⑭ find life. Not only that—it has also helped us to work out the age and nature⑮ of the universe, and discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed⑯． [5]本句中的两个where均引导定语从句，分别修饰clouds of gas和planets。 To see even further into the universe, many countries are now engaged in⑰ building ever⑱ more advanced⑲ telescopes. Currently, China operates⑳ the world's largest and most powerful radio telescope, the FAST telescope, completed in 2016. The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”， as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter, [6]thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes. This vast dish also has the ability to explore regions of space billions of light years away, right at the edge of the visible universe. [6]此处为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰dark matter。 The Hubble and the space telescopes constructed after it will allow us to see further and further into space. We will view stars and galaxies billions of light years away and look back at a past that was billions of years ago. Using ever-larger radio telescopes as our eyes, we will one day be able to look back to a time in the very early universe, before the existence of light. But the human quest for knowledge reaches even beyond that. So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery. 眺望夜空的眼睛 从人类历史开始以来，夜空就一直是人类浮想联翩的不竭源头。例如，在中国考古遗址三星堆中发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目青铜像，被古时的人们认为能够跨越遥远的距离看到星星。事实上，人类凭肉眼只能看到夜空中很少的一部分星星。并且在很长一段时间里，人们都无法理解他们所看到的事物。古时的人们并不知道星星是什么，所以他们凭借想象创造了一个空中世界。 当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们研究并进而理解太空的能力才发生了巨大变化，它不仅增强了人类肉眼观测的能力，而且也让我们明白宇宙要比之前想象的大得多。行星被视为和我们的地球类似的星球，其中许多行星甚至有它们自己的卫星。很快，我们明白太阳只不过是我们称作银河系的星系中数十亿恒星中的一个。大约300年后，我们又得知，银河系只是数十亿个散落在黑色太空中的星系之一，就像漂浮在茫茫宇宙海洋中的一座座光与物质组成的大型岛屿。 第一台地面望远镜问世将近400年之后，哈勃空间望远镜发射入轨，这不仅让宇航员，事实上还让我们所有人，都第一次看见了来自地球之外令人叹为观止的宇宙美景。它让我们史无前例地看到了如此遥远的景观——从星体诞生的巨大气体云团，到巨型黑洞，甚至到可能会发现有生命迹象的新星球。不仅如此——它还帮助我们测算宇宙的年龄并分析宇宙的本质，且发现了宇宙正在以不断增长的速度扩大的惊人的事实。 为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家现在开始投入研发比以往任何时候都更先进的望远镜。目前，中国运行着世界上最大、功能最强的射电望远镜——于2016年建成的FAST望远镜。众所周知，这个叫作“天眼”的500米口径巨盘正被用于探寻暗物质，暗物质被认为是由一般望远镜观测不到的亚原子粒子组成。这个巨盘还能探索数十亿光年之外的太空领域，那里是我们所能看得到的宇宙的边界。 哈勃望远镜以及在它之后建成的太空望远镜将使我们看见愈发遥远的太空。我们将能观察到几十亿光年外的星体和星系，回看数十亿年前的过去。总有一天，我们将使用更巨大的射电望远镜当作人类之眼，回看在光产生之前的宇宙的最早时期。但人类对知识的探求不止于此。宇宙中还有很多人类未探索的领域，我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现之旅的起点。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $