Unit 4教材原文助读8-（配套教参）【学霸笔记·同步精讲 教材助读 语基默写】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版）

本讲义围绕“共享经济”主题，系统梳理核心词汇（如toddler、sorrow等）、短语（be beneficial to、set up等）及语法结构（定语从句、状语从句等），构建从基础语言知识到主题文本分析的学习支架，助力学生理解共享经济的内涵与影响。 该资料融合词汇拓展（含熟词生义如wealth“大量”）、语法解析（标注从句类型及作用）和中英文对照文本，通过分析共享经济利弊培养学生思维品质，借助词汇表和句式解析提升语言能力。课中辅助教师高效讲解语言点与主题，课后学生可自主回顾巩固，查漏补缺，提升学习能力。

Unit 4教材原文助读8 ①toddler ['tɒdlə] n．学步的儿童，刚学走路的小孩 ②sorrow ['sɒrəʊ] n．令人悲伤的事，不幸 ③via ['vaIə] prep.通过，凭借 ④be beneficial to有益于 [同义表达] be of benefit to；be helpful to；be useful for ⑤set up建立，设立；设置 set-up n．[C]组织；装置 ⑥bonding n．[U] 人与人之间的关系 mother-child bonding 母子亲情 ⑦take on呈现；具有 ⑧frustration [frʌ'streIʃ(ə)n] n．懊丧，懊恼，沮丧 frustrate vt.使懊恼，使沮丧；阻止，防止，挫败 ⑨expand [Ik'spænd] vi.& vt.扩大，增强；扩展，发展 ⑩sharing economy共享经济 ⑪take off (事业等)腾飞；突然成功；大受欢迎；起飞；离开 ⑫wealth n．[熟词生义] [sing.] 大量，丰富，众多 a wealth of information大量的信息 ⑬a response to对……的回应/反应/响应 ⑭deliver vt.& vi.[熟词生义] 实现 ⑮at the click of a button按一下按钮 ⑯hire [haIə] v．(短期的)租用，租借 ⑰designer clothes名牌服装 ⑱at rock-bottom prices以最低价格 ⑲rent out出租(房屋、房间、土地等) ⑳a win-win situation一个双赢的局面 thereby [ðeə'baI] adv.因此，由此 cut down on减少，削减；砍倒 ongoing adj.仍在进行的，持续存在的，不断发展的 supervision [ˌsuːpə'vIʒ(ə)n] n．监督；管理 take advantage of利用…… share of the market市场份额 share[熟词生义]n. [C，usually sing.](在若干人之间分得的)一份 at the expense of以损害……为代价 expense [Ik'spens] n．费用，花费 be subject to受……支配；受……影响 abuse [ə'bjuːs] n. [U，sing.] 滥用 property n．[C] 财物；房屋及院落，庄园，房地产 whilst [waIlst] conj. 当……时；虽然，尽管 victim ['vIktIm] n．受害者；受骗者 theft [θeft] n．[U，C] 偷窃，偷盗 thief n．[C] 小偷，贼 secure adj.安全的，稳妥的 individual preference个人偏好 preference n．[C] 偏爱的事物 leak [liːk] vt.泄露，透露，走漏 rate [reIt] n．[C] 速度；比率 comprise [kəm'praIz] vt.包括，包含；组成，构成 take sb./sth. to使某人/某物达到；把某人/某物带到另一个层次、层面 What's mine is yours. We've been told since we were toddlers① that “It's good to share”. Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys, snacks, books, happy memories, and sometimes even sorrows② with others. When we grow up, we share photos, life stories and opinions with people around us and with those [1]we don't know via③ social media. [2]Taking it as an object of study, psychologists have published various papers stating that the behaviour of sharing is beneficial to④ setting up⑤ positive emotional bonding⑥． [1]此处为省略引导词who的定语从句，修饰先行词those。 [2]本句中“Taking it...study”为现在分词短语作状语；“stating that...bonding”为现在分词短语作定语，修饰papers，其中that引导宾语从句。 Today, the action of sharing takes on⑦ extra meaning. It's not just about sharing sweets or frustration⑧； it has expanded⑨ to almost every aspect of our lives—the whole world seems to be into sharing. [3]We are using technology to reduce the money that we spend on goods and services, or to make money out of those that we don't use ourselves all of the time. These vary from car shares to home shares, and even to pet shares. The sharing economy⑩ is taking off⑪ in all sorts of areas. It is creating new ways of thinking and is providing services to people [4]when and where they want them． [3]本句中第一个that引导定语从句，修饰the money；第二个that也引导定语从句，修饰those。 [4]此处为when和where同时引导的状语从句。 This wealth⑫ of ways of sharing is a response to⑬ our increasing demand for quality goods and services at competitive prices, all delivered⑭ at the click of a button⑮. [5]Whether it's an online shop where we can hire⑯ designer clothes⑰ at rock-bottom prices⑱， or a platform from which we can rent out⑲ our flats for a couple of days, it's out there. Whether we're a lender or a borrower, it's a win-win situation⑳； everyone makes or saves money. We also make connections and sometimes even make new friends. What's more, sharing encourages us to reuse items, thereby cutting down on waste. And set-ups such as bike and car sharing do a further favour for the environment by reducing the number of [6]polluting vehicles on the road. [5]此处为“whether...or...”引导的让步状语从句。状语从句中where引导定语从句，修饰先行词an online shop，关系词在从句中作地点状语；from which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a platform。 [6]此处为现在分词短语作定语，修饰vehicles，动词pollute与vehicles之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。 But the sharing economy is not without its problems. [7]As is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity, the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision. Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the market, often at the expense of more traditional and established companies. In addition, the sharing economy is subject to abuse of trust. Some people have experienced damage to their properties whilst renting out their homes, and others have found themselves victims of theft or attack while sharing rides. Finally, personal data, the heart of the sharing economy, is not yet secure. Sharing platforms collect personal information about almost every part of our lives, including our names, locations, bank information, and individual preferences for goods and services. Yet, the technology to prevent such information from leaking or being stolen still needs improvement, and the awareness of potential risks is low among both service providers and users. [7]此处意为“这是常有的事，情况往往如此”，as引导非限制性定语从句。 [8]Nonetheless, what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy. It is expanding at [9]such a rate that we can only imagine what it will comprise in the future. What will we be sharing next? Who will be sharing and how? And the most interesting question of all—what type of society will all this sharing take us to? [8]本句中Nonetheless可替换为However/Despite this fact，起到让步、转折的作用。在“what is...is that...”结构中，what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句。 注意：“what is...is that...”结构既可以使表达更简洁，避免头重脚轻的情况，还可以对主语和表语的内容起到强调作用。 [9]此处为“such...that...”结构，that引导结果状语从句，其中what引导宾语从句。 我的就是你的。 我们自蹒跚学步时就被叮嘱“要懂得分享”。父母和老师不断地提醒我们要与他人分享玩具、零食、书籍以及快乐的回忆，有时甚至要分享自己的伤心事。当我们长大后，我们会与我们周围的人或是通过社交媒体与我们不认识的人分享照片、人生经历和观点。心理学家们将其作为研究的对象，发表了各种各样的论文来说明分享行为有益于建立积极的情感纽带。 如今，分享行为呈现出额外的含义。不仅是关于分享糖果或懊恼，它已经扩展到几乎生活的方方面面——全世界似乎都在分享。我们正在利用科技来减少在商品和服务上的花费，或者用我们一直闲置的物品来赚钱。从汽车共享到住房共享，甚至是宠物共享。共享经济正在各个领域发展起来。它创造着新的思维方式，正在随时随地为有需求的人们提供服务。 我们需要价格有竞争力的优质产品和服务，大量的共享方式是对这种不断增长的需求的回应，现在这些需求都可以通过按一下按钮来实现。无论是我们能以最低价格租用名牌服装的网店，还是可以把自己的公寓短租几天的平台，都已出现。无论我们是出租者还是租用者，这都是一个双赢的局面；人人都能挣钱或省钱。我们也可以建立联系，有时候甚至可以交到新朋友。不仅如此，共享鼓励我们将物品再次利用，因此减少浪费。共享单车、共享汽车等计划的实施通过减少道路上污染车辆的数量，从而进一步保护环境。 但共享经济并非没有问题。正如世界各地新的经济活动领域经常出现的情况一样，共享经济的发展速度比现存法规或正在进行的监管更快。一些公司正在利用这种情况获取不公平的优势，来扩大他们的市场份额，通常以损害已有的更为传统的公司为代价。此外，共享经济容易受到信任滥用的影响。有些人出租房屋时财物遭到破坏，还有人在搭顺风车时成为盗窃甚至袭击的受害者。最后一点，个人数据，即共享经济的核心，也并不安全。共享平台收集的个人信息几乎涵盖我们生活的方方面面，包括我们的姓名、位置、银行信息及对商品和服务的个人偏好。然而，防止信息泄露或被盗的技术仍然有待改进，服务方和用户对潜在风险的防范意识也较低。 尽管如此，共享经济无疑正在与我们的日常生活以及全球经济产生越来越密切的联系。它扩张如此快以至于我们只能想象它将来会包含什么。我们下一个共享的对象将会是什么？将由谁来共享以及如何共享？最有趣的问题是——这些共享将会带我们进入什么样的社会？ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $