Unit 3教材原文助读5-（配套教参）【学霸笔记·同步精讲 教材助读 语基默写】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版）

本讲义围绕敦煌这一核心主题，系统梳理其作为古丝绸之路门户的历史地位、莫高窟壁画（如飞天形象）与藏经洞的文化价值，以及“一带一路”倡议下的现代意义。通过词汇注释（如heritage、depict）、语法解析（如“介词+关系代词”定语从句、倒装句）和文化背景补充，构建从历史到现代的知识脉络，为学生提供语言与文化学习支架。 该资料以情境化文本（如“欢迎来到敦煌”导言）激发兴趣，在语言能力培养上，通过词汇拓展与语法详解提升理解表达能力。文化意识方面，借助敦煌文化与丝绸之路故事，增强学生家国情怀与人类命运共同体意识。思维品质上，引导分析壁画主题变化、藏经洞谜团，培养分析推断能力。课中辅助教师生动授课，课后助力学生巩固词汇与文化知识，查漏补缺。

Unit 3教材原文助读5 ①gateway ['ɡeItweI] n. 通向……的门户 ②oasis [əʊ'eIsIs] n．[C](沙漠中的)绿洲 ③glorious ['ɡlɔːriəs] adj. 辉煌的；光荣的；极为宜人的 glorious history辉煌的历史 ④represent [ˌreprI'zent] vt. 展示；表现 ⑤significance [sIɡ'nIfIkəns] n．[U，C](尤指对将来有影响的)重要性，意义；意思 significant adj.有重大意义的，显著的 attach significance to... 认为……意义重大；重视 ⑥cultural and commercial exchange文化与商业交流 exchange [Iks'tʃeIndʒ] n. [C](不同国家人或团体之间的)交流，互动 ⑦tourist destination旅游胜地 ⑧boast [bəʊst] v．(地方、机构等)自豪地拥有(好的事物) ⑨UNESCO-protected受联合国教科文组织保护的 ⑩heritage ['herItIdʒ] n. [usually sing.]遗产 ⑪be carved out of... 用……雕刻而成的 ⑫statue ['stætʃuː] n．[C] 雕像；塑像 ⑬get a better view看得更清楚 ⑭astonishing [ə'stɒnIʃIŋ] adj.令人十分惊讶的， 使人大为惊奇的 ⑮cover an area of... 占地…… ⑯vary ['veəri] vi.变化 vary from...to...从…… 到……不等 ⑰depict [dI'pIkt] vt.描绘，描画 ⑱scarf [skɑːf] n．[C]围巾，披巾，头巾 in more detail更为详细 detail n．细节；详情 v．详细说明、详述 detailed adj.详细的；精细的 peak [piːk] n．[usually sing.]高峰，顶点 find n．[C]发现物，被发现的人(尤指有趣、有价值或有用者)　 sealed [siːld] adj.密封的 seal vt.密封 seal up sth.(with sth.) (用某物)密封某物 manuscript ['mænjuskrIpt] n．[C]手稿，原稿 scroll [skrəʊl] n．[C] 纸卷，卷轴 a stone's throw一箭之遥；附近 throw [熟词生义]n.[C] 投掷的距离 arrive vi.送达，寄到 export [Ik'spɔːt] vt.& vi. 输出，出口 [反义词] import vt.进口 ceramics [sə'ræmIks] n. [pl.]陶瓷制品 perfume ['pɜːfjuːm] n．香料 to name just a few仅举 几例 reveal [rI'viːl] vt.显示， 透露；揭露 prosperous ['prɒspərəs] adj.繁荣的，兴旺的 fade [feId] vi.& vt.褪色，逐渐消失 fade from...从……逐渐消失 bring...to life使……焕发生机 the Belt and Road Initiative “一带一路”倡议 initiative [I'nIʃətIv] n．[C] 倡议 crossroads ['krɒsrəʊdz] n．[C] 活动中心，汇集地；十字路口 the Silk Road International Cultural Expo丝绸之路国际文化博览会 expo ['ekspəʊ] n．[C]展览会，博览会 mutual ['mjuːtʃuəl] adj.相互的；共同的 move on (to sth.)开始做(别的事)；换话题 WELCOME TO DUNHUANG! Welcome to Dunhuang! On the old Silk Road, this city was the gateway① to and from Ancient China, a place [1]where East met West, and a green island in the middle of the desert. [2]You can only imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis② of Dunhuang ahead of them. [1]此处为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a place，where在从句中作地点状语。 [2]本句为主从复合句。句中how引导宾语从句，该从句中when引导时间状语从句。 Dunhuang's long and glorious③ history represents④ its significance⑤ as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange⑥. Today, Dunhuang is a world-class tourist destination⑦ [3]boasting⑧ sites with UNESCO-protected⑨ heritage⑩ status. Now, we are going to enter some of the city's famous caves, [4]of which there are more than 700. Known as the Mogao Grottoes, these ancient caves were carved out of⑪ the rock over a period of 1，000 years. [5]If you look up, you can see the paintings and other artworks that are testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and West together. Look at these statues⑫！ You can see elements from Ancient Greece, India and Iran. Now look around the walls of the cave. [6]Come a little bit closer so that you can get a better view⑬. Look at them! The murals cover an astonishing⑭ area of⑮ 45，000 square metres. [3]此处为现在分词短语作后置定语。 [4]此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代caves。 [5]本句为主从复合句。“If you look up”为if引导的条件状语从句；“that are testimony to...together”为that引导的定语从句，在该从句中“how the...together”为how引导的宾语从句。 [6]本句中so that引导目的状语从句，主句为祈使句。 The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary⑯ from religious stories to scenes of everyday life. But one type of mural [7]that is unique to Dunhuang shows the Apsaras, or “Flying Immortals”. Representations of these heavenly musicians, singers and dancers decorate the walls of many caves. Take a look at this mural. The Apsaras are depicted⑰ sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves⑱ flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us. And here is another one. Move over here where you can see it in more detail⑲. The Apsaras are holding lotuses, playing musical instruments, dancing and throwing flowers. The painting of Apsaras reached a peak⑳ during the Tang Dynasty; these images are full of life, [8]reflecting the confidence and optimism of people from that time． [7]此处为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词one type of mural，that在从句中作主语。 [8]此处为现在分词短语作状语。 Now, something really extraordinary happened in 1900, when a Taoist priest made one of the most important finds of the 20th century. [9]In a sealed cave, now known as the famous Library Cave, were hidden thousands of manuscripts, paintings and scrolls, as well as silk embroideries. We'll have a chance to see some of them shortly—the Library Cave is only a stone's throw from here. [10]Dating from 405 AD to 1002 AD, these hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade. Thanks to this ancient library, we now know that goods arrived in Dunhuang from as far away as North-east Europe, and that goods were also exported from Dunhuang across Asia and Europe. [11]The scrolls are so detailed that they describe the vast range of goods that were imported and exported from Dunhuang, such as ceramics, medicine, perfumes and fruit, to name just a few. The scrolls also reveal how many different communities lived side-by-side within this great city.[12]However, the reason why the Library Cave was sealed up all those years ago remains a mystery. [9]本句中表地点的介词短语In a sealed cave位于句首，句子用全部倒装。 [10]本句为主从复合句。“Dating from...1002 AD”是现在分词短语作状语；when引导定语从句。 [11]此处包含“so...that”结构。第一个that引导结果状语从句，这个状语从句中包含一个that引导的定语从句，that指代先行词goods。 [12]本句为主从复合句。why引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，并在从句中作原因状语。 [13]In the Ming Dynasty, trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be. Gradually, it faded from memory, even though it was once such a great city. [13]本句为主从复合句。句中含有“not as...as...”引导的比较状语从句。 This century is bringing the Silk Road to life once more through the Belt and Road Initiative. Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads since it hosted hundreds of representatives from 51 countries for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo in 2017. Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road, Dunhuang was the ideal place. Now let's move on to the next cave... 欢迎来到敦煌！ 欢迎来到敦煌！这座城市坐落在古丝绸之路上，曾经是进出古代中国的门户，是东西方交会的地方，也是沙漠中的绿岛。你可以想象，当旅行者们看到敦煌绿洲就在眼前时，他们的感受会是怎样的。 敦煌悠久而辉煌的历史展现了它作为文化和商业往来中心的重要性。现今，敦煌是世界级旅游胜地，拥有受联合国教科文组织保护的文化遗产。敦煌有700多个著名的洞窟，现在我们将要进入其中的几个。这些古老的洞窟被称为莫高窟，是一千多年前在岩石上雕刻而成的。如果你抬起头，你就可以看见壁画和其他艺术品，它们是丝绸之路如何将东西方连接在一起的见证。看看这些塑像！你可以从中发现古希腊、古印度和古伊朗的元素。现在我们来环顾洞窟四周的墙壁，请靠近一点儿以便你可以看得更清楚。看看它们！这些壁画的面积有45 000平方米，非常惊人。 敦煌壁画的主题从宗教故事到日常生活场景不等。但是，有一种壁画是敦煌独有的，(其上)画的是飞天，也就是“飞升成仙”。很多洞窟的墙壁上都饰有这些天上的乐师、歌者和舞者。我们来看一下这幅壁画。上面画的是飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行，他们披巾飘飘，好像要飞下来迎接我们。再看这幅，请走到这里，你可以看得更为详细。(你可以看到)飞天手捧莲花、演奏乐器、跳舞、散花。飞天壁画在唐朝达到了顶峰；这些图案栩栩如生，反映了当时人们的自信与乐观。 1900年发生了一件非同寻常的事，一位道士的发现，成了二十世纪最重大的发现之一。在一个封闭的洞窟里，也就是现在著名的藏经洞，藏有成千上万的手稿、画作、卷轴以及丝绸刺绣。藏经洞离这里很近，我们将很快有机会观看其中的一些展品。这些隐藏的宝藏可以追溯到公元405年至公元1002年，为我们展现了敦煌作为丝绸之路贸易中心时的画面。多亏了这个古老的图书馆，我们如今才能得以了解当时的情况：货物从遥远的欧洲东北部抵达敦煌，也从敦煌出口到亚洲和欧洲。这些卷轴内容非常详细，描述了敦煌进出口的各种商品，例如陶瓷、药品、香料和水果，等等。这些卷轴还展示了许多不同的群体是如何共同生活在这座名城中的。然而，藏经洞为什么在多年以前被密封起来，这至今仍是个谜。 在明代，贸易路线发生了变化，敦煌不再像从前那样繁华。尽管敦煌曾经是一个如此繁华的大城市，也还是渐渐淡出了人们的记忆。 21世纪，“一带一路”倡议使丝绸之路再一次焕发了生机。2017年，51个国家的数百名代表齐聚此地，参加丝绸之路国际文化博览会，敦煌再次成为世界的活动中心。鉴于本次博览会的主题是促进文化交流和加强丝绸之路沿线国家的相互合作，敦煌正是理想的会址。 现在让我们去参观下一个洞窟…… 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $