内容正文:
Unit 3 The world meets China
CONTENTS
目 录
教材原文助读5
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教材原文助读6
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教材原文助读5
①gateway ['ɡeItweI] n.通向……的门户
②oasis [əʊ'eIsIs] n.[C](沙漠中的)绿洲
③glorious ['ɡlɔːriəs] adj.辉煌的;光荣的;极为宜人的
glorious history辉煌的历史
④represent [ˌreprI'zent] vt.展示;表现
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⑤significance [sIɡ'nIfIkəns] n.[U,C](尤指对将来有影响的)重要性,意义;意思
significant adj.有重大意义的,显著的
attach significance to...认为……意义重大;重视
⑥cultural and commercial exchange文化与商业交流
exchange [Iks'tʃeIndʒ] n.
[C](不同国家人或团体之间的)交流,互动
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⑦tourist destination旅游胜地
⑧boast [bəʊst] v.(地方、机构等)自豪地拥有(好的事物)
⑨UNESCO-protected受联合国教科文组织保护的
⑩heritage ['herItIdʒ] n.
[usually sing.]遗产
⑪be carved out of...
用……雕刻而成的
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⑫statue ['stætʃuː] n.[C]雕像;塑像
⑬get a better view看得更清楚
⑭astonishing [ə'stɒnIʃIŋ]
adj.令人十分惊讶的,使人大为惊奇的
⑮cover an area of...占地……
⑯vary ['veəri] vi.变化
vary from...to...从……到……不等
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⑰depict [dI'pIkt] vt.描绘,描画
⑱scarf [skɑːf] n.[C]围巾,披巾,头巾
in more detail更为详细
detail n.细节;详情
v.详细说明、详述
detailed adj.详细的;精细的
peak [piːk] n.[usually sing.]高峰,顶点
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find n.[C]发现物,被发现的人(尤指有趣、有价值或有用者)
sealed [siːld] adj.密封的
seal vt.密封
seal up sth.(with sth.)(用某物)密封某物
manuscript ['mænjuskrIpt] n.[C]手稿,原稿
scroll [skrəʊl] n.[C] 纸卷,卷轴
a stone's throw一箭之遥;附近
throw [熟词生义]n.[C]投掷的距离
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arrive vi.送达,寄到
export [Ik'spɔːt] vt.& vi.输出,出口
[反义词] import vt.进口
ceramics [sə'ræmIks] n.
[pl.]陶瓷制品
perfume ['pɜːfjuːm] n.香料
to name just a few仅举几例
reveal [rI'viːl] vt.显示,透露;揭露
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prosperous ['prɒspərəs]
adj.繁荣的,兴旺的
fade [feId] vi.& vt.褪色,逐渐消失
fade from...从……逐渐消失
bring...to life使……焕发生机
the Belt and Road Initiative “一带一路”倡议
initiative [I'nIʃətIv] n.[C] 倡议
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crossroads ['krɒsrəʊdz] n.[C] 活动中心,汇集地;十字路口
the Silk Road International Cultural Expo丝绸之路国际文化博览会
expo ['ekspəʊ] n.[C]展览会,博览会
strengthen ['streŋθ(ə)n] v.加强;巩固
mutual ['mjuːtʃuəl] adj.相互的;共同的
move on (to sth.)开始做(别的事);换话题
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WELCOME TO DUNHUANG!
Welcome to Dunhuang! On the old Silk Road, this city was the gateway① to and from Ancient China, a place [1]where East met West, and a green island in the middle of the desert.
[1]此处为where引导的定语从句,修饰先行词a place,where在从句中作地点状语。
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[2]You can only imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis② of Dunhuang ahead of them.
[2]本句为主从复合句。句中how引导宾语从句,该从句中when引导时间状语从句。
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Dunhuang's long and glorious③ history represents④ its significance⑤ as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange⑥. Today, Dunhuang is a world-class tourist destination⑦ [3]boasting⑧ sites with UNESCO-protected⑨ heritage⑩ status. Now, we are going to enter some of the city's famous caves, [4]of which there are more than 700.
[3]此处为现在分词短语作后置定语。
[4]此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,which指代caves。
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Known as the Mogao Grottoes, these ancient caves were carved out of⑪ the rock over a period of 1,000 years. [5]If you look up, you can see the paintings and other artworks that are testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and West together. Look at these statues⑫!
[5]本句为主从复合句。“If you look up”为if引导的条件状语从句;“that are testimony to...together”为that引导的定语从句,在该从句中“how the...together”为how引导的宾语从句。
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You can see elements from Ancient Greece, India and Iran. Now look around the walls of the cave. [6]Come a little bit closer so that you can get a better view⑬. Look at them! The murals cover an astonishing⑭ area of⑮ 45,000 square metres.
[6]本句中so that引导目的状语从句,主句为祈使句。
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The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary⑯ from religious stories to scenes of everyday life. But one type of mural [7]that is unique to Dunhuang shows the Apsaras, or “Flying Immortals”. Representations of these heavenly musicians, singers and dancers decorate the walls of many caves.
[7]此处为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词one type of mural,that在从句中作主语。
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Take a look at this mural. The Apsaras are depicted⑰ sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves⑱ flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us. And here is another one. Move over here where you can see it in more detail⑲. The Apsaras are holding lotuses, playing musical instruments, dancing and throwing flowers. The painting of Apsaras reached a peak⑳ during the Tang Dynasty; these images are full of life, [8]reflecting the confidence and optimism of people from that time.
[8]此处为现在分词短语作状语。
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Now, something really extraordinary happened in 1900, when a Taoist priest made one of the most important finds of the 20th century. [9]In a sealed cave, now known as the famous Library Cave, were hidden thousands of manuscripts, paintings and scrolls, as well as silk embroideries. We'll have a chance to see some of them shortly—the Library Cave is only a stone's throw from here.
[9]本句中表地点的介词短语In a sealed cave位于句首,句子用全部倒装。
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[10]Dating from 405 AD to 1002 AD, these hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade. Thanks to this ancient library, we now know that goods arrived in Dunhuang from as far away as North-east Europe, and that goods were also exported from Dunhuang across Asia and Europe.
[10]本句为主从复合句。“Dating from...1002 AD”是现在分词短语作状语;when引导定语从句。
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[11]The scrolls are so detailed that they describe the vast range of goods that were imported and exported from Dunhuang, such as ceramics, medicine, perfumes and fruit, to name just a few. The scrolls also reveal how many different communities lived side-by-side within this great city.[12]However, the reason why the Library Cave was sealed up all those years ago remains a mystery.
[11]此处包含“so...that”结构。第一个that引导结果状语从句,这个状语从句中包含一个that引导的定语从句,that指代先行词goods。
[12]本句为主从复合句。why引导定语从句,修饰先行词the reason,并在从句中作原因状语。
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[13]In the Ming Dynasty, trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be. Gradually, it faded from memory, even though it was once such a great city.
[13]本句为主从复合句。句中含有“not as...as...”引导的比较状语从句。
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This century is bringing the Silk Road to life once more through the Belt and Road Initiative. Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads since it hosted hundreds of representatives from 51 countries for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo in 2017. Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road, Dunhuang was the ideal place.
Now let's move on to the next cave...
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欢迎来到敦煌!
欢迎来到敦煌!这座城市坐落在古丝绸之路上,曾经是进出古代中国的门户,是东西方交会的地方,也是沙漠中的绿岛。你可以想象,当旅行者们看到敦煌绿洲就在眼前时,他们的感受会是怎样的。
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敦煌悠久而辉煌的历史展现了它作为文化和商业往来中心的重要性。现今,敦煌是世界级旅游胜地,拥有受联合国教科文组织保护的文化遗产。敦煌有700多个著名的洞窟,现在我们将要进入其中的几个。这些古老的洞窟被称为莫高窟,是一千多年前在岩石上雕刻而成的。如果你抬起头,你就可以看见壁画和其他艺术品,它们是丝绸之路如何将东西方连接在一起的见证。看看这些塑像!你可以从中发现古希腊、古印度和古伊朗的元素。现在我们来环顾洞窟四周的墙壁,请靠近一点儿以便你可以看得更清楚。看看它们!这些壁画的面积有45 000平方米,非常惊人。
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敦煌壁画的主题从宗教故事到日常生活场景不等。但是,有一种壁画是敦煌独有的,(其上)画的是飞天,也就是“飞升成仙”。很多洞窟的墙壁上都饰有这些天上的乐师、歌者和舞者。我们来看一下这幅壁画。上面画的是飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行,他们披巾飘飘,好像要飞下来迎接我们。再看这幅,请走到这里,你可以看得更为详细。(你可以看到)飞天手捧莲花、演奏乐器、跳舞、散花。飞天壁画在唐朝达到了顶峰;这些图案栩栩如生,反映了当时人们的自信与乐观。
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1900年发生了一件非同寻常的事,一位道士的发现,成了二十世纪最重大的发现之一。在一个封闭的洞窟里,也就是现在著名的藏经洞,藏有成千上万的手稿、画作、卷轴以及丝绸刺绣。藏经洞离这里很近,我们将很快有机会观看其中的一些展品。这些隐藏的宝藏可以追溯到公元405年至公元1002年,为我们展现了敦煌作为丝绸之路贸易中心时的画面。多亏了这个古老的图书馆,我们如今才能得以了解
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当时的情况:货物从遥远的欧洲东北部抵达敦煌,也从敦煌出口到亚洲和欧洲。这些卷轴内容非常详细,描述了敦煌进出口的各种商品,例如陶瓷、药品、香料和水果,等等。这些卷轴还展示了许多不同的群体是如何共同生活在这座名城中的。然而,藏经洞为什么在多年以前被密封起来,这至今仍是个谜。
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在明代,贸易路线发生了变化,敦煌不再像从前那样繁华。尽管敦煌曾经是一个如此繁华的大城市,也还是渐渐淡出了人们的记忆。
21世纪,“一带一路”倡议使丝绸之路再一次焕发了生机。2017年,51个国家的数百名代表齐聚此地,参加丝绸之路国际文化博览会,敦煌再次成为世界的活动中心。鉴于本次博览会的主题是促进文化交流和加强丝绸之路沿线国家的相互合作,敦煌正是理想的会址。
现在让我们去参观下一个洞窟……
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02
教材原文助读6
①Sinologist [sɑI'nɒlədʒIst]n.汉学家
②temple ['temp(ə)l] n.[C]庙宇,寺院
Shaolin Temple少林寺
③fall in love with爱上(表示动作)
be in love with爱上……(表示状态)
④Chinese kung fu中国功夫
⑤tune [tjuːn] n.[C]曲调,旋律
theme tune主题曲
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⑥shepherd ['ʃepəd] n.[C]牧羊人
⑦Chinese Studies汉学
⑧academic major主修专业
⑨prior to在……之前,先于……
prior ['praIə] adj.先前的;较早的
⑩expose vt.使接触,使体验
be exposed to 接触,体验
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⑪encounter [In'kaʊntə(r)] n.[C]邂逅,遭遇,冲突
⑫genius ['dʒiːniəs]
n.天才,天赋
⑬have a profound effect on对……有重大影响
⑭passion ['pæʃn] n.激情;酷爱
have a passion for...
对……的强烈爱好,酷爱……
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⑮stimulating ['stImjuleItIŋ] adj.趣味盎然的,激励人的,振奋人心的
⑯chamber ['tʃeImbə] n.[C]房间
⑰romance [rəʊ'mæns] n.[C]传奇故事
⑱kingdom ['kIŋdəm] n.[C]王国
⑲as to关于
⑳in addition另外(=except)
in addition to除了……还有(=besides)
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publishing house出版社
tend to do往往会/常常做
look to指望;注意
keep an eye on留意;照看,留神
Thirty-six Stratagems 《三十六计》
stratagem ['strætədʒəm]
n.[C]计谋,策略
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see v.看见;见证
(=witness)
well-received adj.受欢迎的
think highly of...高度评价……
chord [kɔːd] n.[C]
和弦;弦
strike a chord引起共鸣
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【文化采风】
1.Shi Ji, written by Sima Qian, was the first general history of China ever to be produced. Considered a masterpiece, it covers major events and personalities over a period of about 3,000 years. It has 130 chapters and contains more than 520,000 words.
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2.The epic poems the Iliad and the Odýsseia are the two key works of Ancient Greek literature. Yet, little is known of Homer, the poet who the Ancient Greeks believed to have penned them.
3.Cao Xueqin's Dream of the Red Chamber, or A Dream of Red Mansions or The Story of the Stone, is considered one of China's Four Great Classical Novels. Documenting the rise and fall of a family, it provides a fascinating insight into the life of Chinese society in the 18th century.
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[1]The world of Chinese literature is one that is familiar to us all. [2]But have you ever stopped to wonder what works are read outside of China and how they are received? Today, four Sinologists① and translators share their experience of Chinese literature with us. They are:
[1]本句为主从复合句。句中that引导定语从句,修饰先行词one。
[2]本句为主从复合句。句中what和how均引导宾语从句,作wonder的宾语。
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Petko, aged 43 from Bulgaria
Annelous, aged 34 from the Netherlands
Joachim, aged 25 from France
Mai, aged 28 from Egypt
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Q1: How did you get interested in Chinese literature?
Petko: It all started with a movie I watched when I was a boy—The Shaolin Temple②. That movie gave me so many reasons to fall in love with③ China. I was amazed by Chinese kung fu④, of course—everyone loves kung fu, don't they? I also thought the Chinese language sounded so beautiful, and I found that I liked Chinese music, too—I just loved the movie's theme tune⑤, Song of the Shepherd⑥.
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Annelous: I became interested in languages at a young age. When I started high school, I began reading books about Chinese history and culture, and this inspired me to choose Chinese Studies⑦ as my academic major⑧ at university.
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Joachim:When I was 15 years old, my mother bought me a copy of the classic Shi Ji, or Records of the Grand Historian. Prior to⑨ that, the only great historical works [3]I had been exposed⑩ to were Homer's epic poems. Records of the Grand Historian was my first encounter⑪ with Chinese classical literature. After reading it, I realised the true genius⑫ of China's “Grand Historian”, Sima Qian. His writing had a profound effect on⑬ me, and I have this to thank for my passion⑭ for Chinese literature.
[3]此处为定语从句,省略了关系代词that,修饰先行词the only great historical works。
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Mai:I gradually fell in love with Chinese literature when I started working as a translator. Most of the translated works of literature in Egypt are from the English-speaking world, so [4]reading Chinese literature was a stimulating⑮ and inspiring experience.
[4]此处为动词-ing形式作主语。
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Q2: How do you select works to translate?
Petko:I particularly like classical Chinese literature, especially works from the Ming and Qing dynasties. I fell in love with Dream of the Red Chamber⑯ the first time I read it, and was determined to translate it into Bulgarian. Now that this dream has come true, my next goal is to translate The Romance⑰ of the Three Kingdoms⑱.
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Annelous: In the Netherlands, [5]the decision as to⑲ which works of Chinese literature get translated is largely influenced by the opinions of respected Sinologists. In addition⑳, publishing houses tend to look to other countries to see which Chinese works have sold well there. I've so far translated the writings of several young Chinese authors, and I'm looking forward to their new works.
[5]此处句子主干为“the decision is largely influenced by the opinions of respected Sinologists”;“as to...translated”属于介词短语作后置定语,修饰decision;“which works of Chinese literature get translated”是which引导的宾语从句,作as to的宾语,which在从句中作定语。
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Joachim: I just go with what I like and what I am interested in.I've translated some poems by Dai Wangshu. Right now, I'm doing research into popular literature in Shanghai at the start of the 20th century.
Mai:I don't care if a writer is popular or not. What interests me most is the work itself. I've translated some works by authors such as Xi Murong and Bi Shumin. I also keep a close eye on what's being self-published online by new, young authors—they have some good ideas.
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Q3: Which works by Chinese writers are popular in your country?
Petko: Thirty-six Stratagems has sold more than 1,000 copies in Bulgaria. [6]When you consider that here the best a writer can usually hope for is to sell a few hundred copies of their work, Thirty-six Stratagems is a best-seller in Bulgaria!
[6]本句为主从复合句。句中When引导时间状语从句,从句中的consider后是that引导的宾语从句;在宾语从句中,“a writer can usually hope for”是定语从句,修饰先行词the best;“to sell...work”是不定式短语作表语。
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Annelous:Each year [7]sees more works by Chinese writers published in the Netherlands, and they are well-received. [8]The people that buy and read these books do so because they want to learn more about Chinese culture and everyday life in China. On the whole, I do have to admit that here, people's knowledge of Chinese literature is rather limited.
[7]此处为“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,publish与works之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词形式。
[8]本句为主从复合句。句中的that引导定语从句,修饰The people;because引导原因状语从句。
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Joachim: Many works by modern writers such as Lu Xun and Shen Congwen have been translated into French. And the novels of some contemporary writers also sell quite well in Franch. Literature has a lot of significance to the French, and Chinese literary works tend to be highly thought of.
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Mai: Egyptians like literature [9]that reflects human nature and experience. A couple of good examples of this are “Fond Memories of Autumn” by Shi Tiesheng and “Street Scene” by Zhou Guoping. I think Egypt and China are closely connected and both have a lot in common. Because of this, Chinese literary works really strike a chord in the hearts of Egyptian readers.
[9]此处为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词literature, that在从句中作主语。
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解读中国
我们都对中国文学世界再熟悉不过了。但是你有没有停下来想过,在中国以外的地方,人们都读过哪些中国文学作品?这些作品受到怎样的评价?今天,四位汉学家和译者将给我们分享他们有关中国文学的经历。他们是:
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佩特科,43岁,来自保加利亚
安妮鲁斯,34岁,来自荷兰
若阿基姆,25岁,来自法国
马伊,28岁,来自埃及
问题1:你是如何对中国文学感兴趣的?
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佩特科:一切都要从我小时候看的一部电影——《少林寺》说起。那部电影给了我很多让我爱上中国的理由。我叹服于中国功夫,当然——人人都喜欢功夫,不是吗?我还觉得中文听起来那么美,而且我发现我也喜欢中国的音乐——我特别喜欢那部电影的主题曲《牧羊曲》。
安妮鲁斯:我从小就对语言感兴趣。上高中的时候,我开始读中国历史和文化方面的书,这激励我在大学选择了主修汉学专业。
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若阿基姆:我15岁的时候,妈妈给我买了一本经典名著《史记》。在此之前,我唯一接触过的历史巨作是《荷马史诗》。《史记》是我接触的第一部中国的经典文学作品。通过阅读《史记》,我领略了中国“太史公”司马迁的真正才华。他的文章对我影响很大,我也因此十分喜爱中国文学。
马伊:我开始从事翻译工作后,渐渐爱上了中国文学。埃及大多数文学译作来自说英语的国家,所以阅读中国文学作品是很有趣的,而且能让人受到启发。
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问题2:你是如何选择作品来翻译的?
佩特科:我特别喜欢中国古典文学,尤其是明清时期的作品。我第一次读《红楼梦》时就喜欢上了它,并决心把它译成保加利亚语。既然这个梦想已经实现了,我的下一个目标是翻译《三国演义》。
安妮鲁斯:在荷兰,受敬重的汉学家的意见在很大程度上影响翻译中国文学作品的选择。此外,出版社往往会参考在其他国家哪些中国作品畅销。到目前为止,我已经翻译了几位中国年轻作家的作品,并且我期待着他们的新作。
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若阿基姆:我翻译作品完全是随着喜好和兴趣来。我翻译了几首戴望舒的诗。现在,我正在研究20世纪初上海的通俗文学。
马伊:我不在乎一个作家是否受欢迎。作品本身才最吸引我。我翻译过席慕蓉和毕淑敏等作家的一些作品。我还密切关注新的年轻作者在网上发表的作品——他们有一些不错的想法。
问题3:哪些中国作家的作品在你的国家受欢迎?
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佩特科:《三十六计》在保加利亚卖出了一千多本。当你考虑到,在保加利亚,作者通常期待他们的作品卖出的最高数量也才几百本,《三十六计》算是畅销书了!
安妮鲁斯:每年都见证了更多中国作家的作品在荷兰出版,它们很受欢迎。人们购买和阅读这些书籍是想要更多地了解中国的文化和日常生活。总的来说,我确实不得不承认,在这里,人们对中国文学的了解相当有限。
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若阿基姆:像鲁迅、沈从文等现代作家的许多作品都被译成了法语。一些当代作家的小说在法国也很畅销。文学对法国人来说意义重大,中国的文学作品往往获得很高的评价。
马伊:埃及人喜欢反映人性和人生经历的文学。其中,史铁生的《秋天的怀念》和周国平的《街头即景》就是很好的例子。我认为埃及和中国联系紧密,有许多共同之处。正因为如此,中国文学作品才真正引起了埃及读者内心的共鸣。
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