题型06 阅读理解之七选五（解题技巧+题型专练）（北京高考真题+各区模拟）（北京专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

题型06 阅读理解之七选五 目录 I. 考情透视 2 II.解题技巧 2 III. 真题汇编 3 2025东城期末 3 2025西城期末 4 2025朝阳期末 5 2025海淀期末 6 2025丰台期末 7 2025石景山期末 8 2025东城一模 8 2025西城一模 9 2025朝阳一模 10 2025海淀一模 11 2025丰台一模 12 2025石景山一模 13 2025东城二模 14 2025西城二模 14 2025朝阳二模 15 2025海淀二模 16 2025丰台二模 17 I. 考情透视 信息还原七选五也叫补全阅读题，常见短文体裁为说明文和议论文，这两种文体结构清晰，层次分明，通常考查主题句概括、过渡句、总结句等。 2020 - 2025年北京卷信息还原（七选五）考点题量统计 2019～2024年北京卷信息还原(七选五) 年份 主题语境 语篇类型 考点题量统计 细节句 主旨句 过渡句 2025 人与自我（聚焦 成年的本质） 议论文 4 1 2024 人与社会(关注培养最大的可信度) 议论文 4 1 　 2023 人与社会(关注教学质量高的学校) 议论文 2 1 2 2022 人与社会 (健康与健身帮助人们拥有健康的生活) 说明文 4 1 　 2021 人与社会(音乐对人体健康的影响) 说明文 3 1 1 2020 人与自我(积极思考的好处) 说明文 4 1 　 命题意图： 一是考查学生的阅读理解能力：七选五题型要求学生在阅读文章的过程中，理解文章的主旨大意，把握文章的逻辑结构，从而准确地选择出符合文章逻辑和语义的句子填入空白处。 二是考查学生的逻辑思维能力：七选五题型要求学生在阅读过程中，运用逻辑思维分析文章的结构和内容，从而推断出正确的句子顺序。 三是考查学生的语言运用能力：七选五题型中的句子往往包含一定的词汇和语法难度，学生需要具备一定的词汇量和语法知识才能正确理解和选择句子。 四是考查学生的答题技巧策略：七选五题型要求学生在有限的时间内，快速地阅读文章，理解文章的主旨大意和逻辑结构，从而准确地选择出符合文章逻辑和语义的句子 II.解题技巧 七选五解题流程与逻辑关系词梳理 步骤1：快速浏览标题、首段以及每段首、尾句 目的：了解文章主旨、段落大意和篇章结构 步骤2：分析选项、找出核心词 快速浏览选项 圈出体现上下文逻辑关系的关键词及句子中的关键词：代词、连词、数词、名词等 步骤3：根据设空处的位置采用不同的技巧 观察设空处的位置 比对选项和设空处前后的关键词和表示逻辑关系的词 把最容易的题先做出来，再逐一还原每个空格 分位置技巧： 设空处在段首（主题句/过渡句）： ①总结段落主题 ②阅读设空处前1—2句和后1—2句，锁定关键词 ③比对选项中的核心词和语义是否符合语境或段落主题 设空处在段中（过渡句/细节句）： ①根据设空处前后的核心词、逻辑关系（并列、递进、因果、转折等）及段落主题判断出正确选项 设空处在段尾（细节句/过渡句/总结句）： ①概括段落大意并比对选项 ②阅读设空处附近内容，锁定关键词 ③比对选项中的核心词和语义是否符合语境或段落大意 步骤4：验证答案 操作：将选项代入原文，复核还原后的文章在逻辑和内容上是否连贯、一致 表示逻辑关系的词 并列与递进关系：and, also, in the first place, similarly, neither...nor..., furthermore, moreover, what's more, besides, in addition, not only...but also... 转折与让步关系：but, however, yet, nevertheless, though, although, despite, in spite of, in any case, at any rate 比较与对比关系：like, as...as, just as, on the contrary, conversely, oppositely, whereas, while 因果关系：because (of), due to, since, owing to, as, now that, as a result (of), so, therefore, as a consequence, consequently, thus 例证关系：for example, for instance, such as 表示总结：to sum up, in brief, in short, in conclusion, all in all, in a word 条件关系：if, unless, as long as, so long as, provided (that), in case, on condition that III. 真题汇编 2025东城期末 While compliments (赞扬) may seem simple, they can have a large impact on you and the people around you, creating a ripple of positivity. However, giving compliments requires skills and knowledge. Most compliments in our culture follow a very predictable pattern. ___35___ About two-thirds of compliments in the US are made using just five adjectives: nice good, beautiful, pretty, and great. In addition, about 80% of compliments follow three formats. So if I liked a book you wrote and wanted to say something positive about it, my compliment would probably follow one of these basic patterns: “Your book is great,” “I love your book,” or “That is a terrific book.” ___36___ . For example, in 2011 a scholar showed that women in unstructured settings both give and receive far more compliments than men. About three-quarters of women’s compliments to other women in an unstructured, informal setting involve appearance. In a goal-oriented, formal setting, 68% of praise statements are about performance. ___37___ Whether the compliment is effective depends on whether it is believable, appropriate, and unqualified. ___38___ If you tell me my hair looks good, I will dismiss it and suspect your motives, because I have little hair. More generally, people with low self-esteem don’t usually receive compliments well. As researchers have shown, in people with high self-esteem, a compliment stimulates parts of the brain responsible for self-referential thinking. This occurs significantly less for people who have low self-esteem. Even if a compliment agrees with one’s self-conception, scholars concluded, it must meet three criteria to be accepted by its object. ___39___ It must be sincere. And it must occur in the appropriate context. A. It must follow the basic patterns. B. The praise must come from a person with credibility to give it. C. What we choose to compliment depends on gender differences. D. A good compliment must not conflict with its recipient’s self-conception. E. If people have negative view of a person, they would resist his compliments. F. In contrast, men are more likely to compliment one another on performance in all settings. G. They are generally directed toward another person’s appearance, performance, or possessions. 2025西城期末 What food do you love? What food do you hate? If you ask around, you’ll soon see there’s no right or wrong answer—it’s all a question of taste. ____35____ Rather, scientists have discovered that taste is influenced by our genes and DNA. Our scientific understanding of taste began just 25 years ago with the discovery of taste receptors—cells located on the tongue’s surface. ____36____ What tastes sweet to me might taste sour or salty to someone else, and this is because of differences in the receptors we’re born with. In other words, taste is partly genetic. According to Danielle Reed, a researcher at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, “When we first started doing genetic studies, we really just limited ourselves to looking at a few Europeans, people of European ancestry. ____37____ We are broadening our horizons and studying people of Asian and African ancestry, and that has really opened up the knowledge that people are much more diverse than we ever realized. Taste isn’t a matter of opinion. ____38____” But if scientists are telling us taste is largely genetic, what about restaurant critics and wine connoisseurs—people whose job is to tell us what to eat and drink? Are their opinions any better than our own? David Kermode, a wine judge for the International Wine and Spirits Competition, admits that while scientists have shown taste is largely individual and genetic, personal taste remains subjective. “____39____ But they are encouraged to set those prejudices aside.” A. It’s a matter of biology. B. It is actually the number-one driver for food choice. C. However, individual taste experience is highly subjective. D. But our taste, it turns out, isn’t simply a matter of opinion. E. People all have their own personal prejudices in whatever aspect of life they want to go into. F. And so, our understanding of the broad diversity of humans on the planet was extremely limited. G. For researchers in social sciences, taste is a broader concept related to tradition, geography, culture, as well as social relations. 2025朝阳期末 Are you struggling with low self-esteem (自尊)? If so, you may have been told to repeat phrases such as “I’m a lovable person”. ___35___ However, when psychologists tested the effects of such positive self-talk, they found “toxic positivity” — the phenomenon that a forced optimistic interpretation of our experiences alongside the bottling up of negative emotions can do real damage. ___36___ Beginning in the industrial revolution, socioeconomic goals around productivity and efficiency contributed to a culture where emotions, especially paralyzing ones like sadness, were seen as handbrakes to economic output. If someone was struggling, they were advised to have more faith rather than encouraged to explore the root causes. Science also takes some blame. Historically, psychologists didn’t consider emotions as justified phenomena to study, so there was little understanding of their significant impact on mental health. It isn’t surprising that we want to believe things will turn out better if we have positive attitude. After all, there is a growing body of research indicating that an optimistic outlook on life does have benefits, such as promoting physical health, boosting energy, and reducing stress. It also isn’t surprising that we label certain emotions, like anger, guilt, fear, and bitterness, as bad because they do feel unpleasant. ___37___ Nevertheless, it is becoming apparent that positivity has its limits. In 2021, a meta-analysis with more than 217, 000 participants investigated the link between optimism, pessimism and mortality. It found that an optimistic outlook was indeed associated with the lower risk of death, however, both unrealistic optimism and pessimism were linked to a higher risk of death. ___38___ How can we escape toxic positivity? Susan Davis from Harvard Medical School emphasizes the importance of allowing ourselves to sit with uncomfortable emotions. ___39___ The key to managing emotions does not lie in judging oneself for feeling negative emotions, but simply experiencing them, knowing that they will pass. A. We need to accept them as a normal part of human experience. B. Our tendency to avoid the darker aspects of human experience isn’t new. C. When we experience them, we can become consumed, disturbed or inactive. D. Neglecting negative emotions is also found to be harmful to our mental health. E. They urge us to inject a bit of positive emotion into our day to gain the benefits. F Positive chants like this are set to boost a person’s mood and feelings of self-worth. G. We are more likely to perceive normal emotions as mental problems needing treatment. 2025海淀期末 Imagine you’ve been working for hours before a deadline, but you feel like you’re getting nowhere. You’re starting to feel really anxious. At this point, you might start to blame yourself for having this emotion. Now you have two emotions: feeling anxious about getting work done and feeling frustrated that you are anxious. When the second emotion gets layered on top of the first emotion, you often feel worse and are even less likely to reach your goals. You may now be wondering if it is possible to make the second emotion less likely. ____35____. Many people have heard of “mindfulness”. It is often associated with doing a meditation (冥想) practice, but its essence is to be more aware and accepting of your present-moment experience. ____36____ Acceptance can limit judgmental thoughts and unhelpful secondary emotions. Let me explain. Picture yourself in a challenging situation like the scenario described above and you feel anxiety arising. Instead of getting upset at yourself for having this emotion, you bring your awareness to the experience of the emotion and accept it. You might feel that this anxiety is not fun to experience. ____37____ With this attitude of acceptance, and stepping away from the tendency to fight against the emotion, you are less likely to get stuck in a loop of judgmental thoughts that might trigger more unwanted emotions. ____38____ But evidence suggests that it works. That is probably because accepting yourselves, including your emotions, relieves pressure. You stop adding fuel to the emotional fire when you release judgmental thoughts about your emotions. ____39____ For instance, you could turn down the volume on the initial emotion, perhaps by seeing the situation from a new perspective or asking someone for support. A. Thankfully, research suggests that the answer is yes. B. You can’t be productive even when you have more inner space. C. Then you may question if you are feeling anxious about getting work done. D Yet you know you can breathe it through and that it is just a passing emotion. E. Sometimes the experience includes an unpleasant emotion you don’t want to feel. F. It might sound unreasonable that embracing an unpleasant emotion can be a good thing. G. You also create more inner space to determine whether you can do something that helps. 2025丰台期末 Hesitation as intuition (直觉) You’ve thought about it. You’ve made your decision and then.….you hesitate. Your mouse hovers over the “purchase now” button, you’ve written the text but can’t quite bring yourself to press “send”. You hesitate. ____35____ Our culture values doing. We’re constantly urged to “go for it.” But what if hesitation is not a sign of weakness but rather a valuable signal? ____36____ But we don’t always make it a practice to listen to our bodies. When we do pay attention, we have access to a lot of nonrational information including our intuition. If you notice yourself hesitating, it might mean a part of you isn’t quite sure. Hesitation can be the body’s way of alerting us to overlooked details or concealed information that could be crucial to our choice. Since hesitation can carry such significance, it becomes essential to understand the nature of the signals our bodies send. Although distinguishing between intuition and fear or anxiety is not easy, when we cultivate the habit of self-awareness and understand our fears, we can begin to decipher (辨认) the messages behind our hesitation. Moreover, our rational minds have their limitations. ____37____ Therefore, by integrating our emotions and physical sensations into the decision-making process, we access a more comprehensive understanding. To make more informed decisions, we can employ specific strategies. One way that we can help ourselves with a specific decision is to notice when there’s hesitation and, if you have the time, wait. ____38____ Another interesting way to look at making a decision is to walk up to the door of it. Take action as if you had already made the decision. And before it’s too late, notice how it feels to walk that path. That may give you more information than thinking ever could. ____39____ By integrating both rational and intuitive elements, we can handle the complex choices with greater confidence and clarity. A. It’s easy to miss intuitive signals when we are moving from thinking minds. B They work within fixed frameworks that might not match the complex reality. C. While our minds are undoubtedly powerful, our bodies also hold a wealth of wisdom. D. In nature, the key to effective decision-making lies in seeing hesitation as a help. E. Check back in with the decision you thought you made and see if anything differs. F. Hesitation means your intuition is trying to speak to you from deep inner place. G. This hesitation is common yet often overlooked in our decision-making process. 2025石景山期末 Time or Money? Would you rather have a higher salary or the freedom to work from anywhere in the world? According to a survey, seven out of ten surveyed readers would consider accepting a lower salary for more perks (额外收入) and benefits — one in ten would definitely do so. ____35____. For today’s workforce, especially Gen Zs and millennials (千禧一代), perks extend far beyond the traditional benefits package. They are putting a lot of focus on work-life balance, career advancement, and the company’s culture and values. Among all, a flexible work arrangement tops the list of those values. ____36____. The ability to control when and where they work not only boosts productivity but also helps prevent burnout. This shift enforces companies to demonstrate that they value outcomes and results over rigid schedules. In return, employees feel trusted, valued, and empowered, performing at their best when given the flexibility to balance their personal and professional lives. ____37____. For women, especially working mothers, unclear boundaries between home and work can make them feel like they are always working, which increases the risk of burnout. Moreover, remote work can intensify (增强) the challenges associated with career advancement, as fewer in-person interactions can lead to being overlooked or sidelined. ____38____. This belief could negatively affect their chances for promotions and leadership opportunities. Looking ahead, flexible work arrangements are here to stay and will likely continue to evolve. ____39____. Organizations should ensure equitable opportunities consistent with flexible work models, such as offering personalized arrangements instead of one-size-fits-all solutions. A. This is where company policies can play a crucial role. B. Employers invest a lot in creating attractive work environments. C. It provides the independence and freedom younger employees seek. D. While flexible work arrangements offer benefits, they also have drawbacks. E. Flexibility and work-life balance now outweigh financial rewards for many. F. But what are these perks and how are companies adapting to meet these expectations? G. Furthermore, those who prefer flexibility are often seen as less committed to their careers. 2025东城一模 Voice notes are a highly divisive medium of communication. There are those, like me, who enjoy both leaving and listening to them; and then there are those who dislike them and feel very strongly about that. 35 A poll found that 62%of Americans have sent voice notes, and about 30%communicate this way on a regular basis. But even the voice note lovers among us have our limits. All of us know a voice note bore. And it is time to establish some ground rules. The first rule :only ever leave voice notes for someone that you are confident likes you. 36 It is also somewhat self-indulgent(我行我素). While a spot of self-indulgence can be healthy, it is unreasonable to expect someone who dislikes you to indulge you. Never give complicated instructions in a voice note. 37 If you end up leaving a long voice note that contains a mixture of key information and other bits, follow it up with a text that gives the other person the important stuff, so they're not forced to listen straight away. 38 Leaving a voice note that is under 10 seconds long—unless you are funny or the other person likes you—is annoying. Type it out instead. Follow the other person's cues. If they are responding to your eight-minute specials with one-minute voice messages, take the hint. Also, if your message is longer than about four minutes, you should be open to the possibility that the other person is going to take a long time to listen and respond. If your message is upwards of 10 minutes, they might never listen to it. 39 All you need do, really, is remember to use a bit of common sense. Modern innovations need not negate good old-fashioned manners. A. Be at peace with that. B. Be responsive and informative. C. You need not keep your messages too short. D. It seems the haters are losing the battle, though. E. A voice note is a demand on someone else's time. F. It suggests limiting voice notes to less than two minutes. G. These should be typed out so the other person can refer back. 2025西城一模 Live performances are often described as raw, emotional, and immersive, while studio recordings are polished and carefully produced. 35 One of the most notable differences with live music is the energy. A live performance brings an atmosphere that cannot be recreated in a studio. When musicians perform live, they connect directly with their audience. The cheers, clapping, and excitement from the crowd create a feedback loop (循环) that can enhance the performance. This shared energy makes each live concert unique and personal for everyone there. Whether it’s a small, intimate venue or a massive stadium, the space influences how you experience the music. Live music is more than just something you hear; it’s something you feel. Another key aspect of live music is its unpredictability. No two performances are ever the same. Musicians might improvise (即兴演奏), change the arrangement of a song, or even interact with the audience in ways that feel spontaneous and genuine. In a live setting, imperfections can make the music feel more real. A slight mistake or an unexpected variation in a song reminds you that what you’re witnessing is unique. It’s a reminder that music isn’t just about technical perfection—it’s about emotion and expression. Live music creates a special kind of connection between performers and listeners. Seeing musicians perform in real time allows you to witness their passion and energy firsthand. 38 For many people, live music is about more than just the songs. It’s about being part of a shared experience, which can make the music feel more powerful and memorable. 39 While recordings offer a polished, consistent way to enjoy music, live performances bring energy, authenticity (真实性), and emotional connection. Both forms of music have their place, and many people enjoy a mix of the two. A. Live music and studio recordings each have their own strengths. B. The physical environment also plays a significant role in creating this energy. C. Studio recordings often rely on advanced technology to perfect the sound quality. D. These moments of authenticity add an extra layer of excitement to the experience. E. This contrast isn’t just about how the music sounds but also about how it feels to experience it. F. This doesn’t mean studio recordings are less valuable—they offer a different way to enjoy music. G. The physical presence of the artist, their expressions, and how they interact with the crowd all contribute to this emotional connection. 2025朝阳一模 When I think of my friends, I am mostly filled with love and warmth: I simply can’t wait to see them again for their affection and support. 35 In the right mood, these individuals can deliver a fun-filled evening, but at the wrong moment, they can drain (耗尽) all my goodwill. If this sounds familiar, then you too have frenemies, who psychologists call “ambivalent relationships”. These love-hate relationships could include a friend, a parent, a colleague or even a husband or wife. Their ambivalence can come in many forms. 36 It could be a partner love-bombing you one day, but fiercely critical the next, leaving you unsure about their true feelings. 37 At the very least, you would expect them to be better for us than our aversive (令人厌恶的) relationships. Unfortunately, research suggests things aren’t so simple. A team at the University of Utah asked people to take a reaction-time test and they found that rapidly flashing the name of an ambivalent connection on a screen intensified stress response of participants. Another study at Brigham Young University found that simply knowing an ambivalent connection was nearby as participants prepared to give a speech was enough to send their blood pressure rocketing. 38 Cutting ties with our ambivalent connections isn’t always possible or desirable if they are deeply mixed into our social network. So, what can be done? Simply being aware of the ambivalent nature of a relationship might offer some protection. We can manage our expectations and mentally prepare ourselves for the mixed feelings when interacting with frenemies. 39 As importantly, be a little more mindful of any interactions with all our ties. Show others the appreciation and respect we feel for them, for accidental neglect could be taken as a sign of indifference. A. It might be a friend who is often unavailable when you need his support. B. We might hope that in such relationships, the good would outweigh the bad. C. In fact, even unconscious reminders of a frenemy can break our peace of mind. D. This allows us to focus on their good qualities and show empathy for the unpleasant ones. E. If you feel someone too negative a presence in your life, you may decide to cut off contact. F. A handful, however, stimulate quite different emotions—a mixture of eagerness and anxiety. G. After all, the benefits of social connection come from feeling well understood and supported. 2025海淀一模 When you spend time with close friends, how do you feel? You may feel like you belong. According to the Oxford dictionary, belonging is defined as a “deep sense of acceptance, inclusion, and identification within a group, place, or context.” 35 Since the beginning of human evolution, people have connected with others in order to survive. This desire to form and grow relationships is rooted in the human brain. 36 In 1943, Abraham Maslow was the first psychologist to write about belonging as a human need. His theory, the Hierarchy(等级) of Needs, states that humans must acquire their basic needs, such as physiological (生理上的) needs and needs related to safety, before they can begin fulfilling other higher, more complex needs, like belonging or developing self-esteem. Another groundbreaking research about belonging emerged in 1995.Mark Leary and Roy Baumeister found that humans have a universal drive to belong, which motivates their thoughts and actions. In fact, this drive is so important that they argued it was a fundamental human need—not a secondary need in a hierarchy. Their later research explored the connection between self-esteem and belonging. According to their research, self-esteem is not just about how people feel about themselves internally. 37 Although feeling connected to people is important in many settings, it becomes especially critical in schools.A2020 research analysis found that students who do not feel a sense of belonging at school are often searching for threats in their environment that signal whether they are welcome or not. 38 This, in turn, can cause poorer academic performance. It can also discourage students from forming deeper relationships. So, a student's feeling of belonging is vital for their learning. 39 Researchers will continue to analyze how personality, culture, and even social media shape how connected we feel to others. With this knowledge, people can create schools and communities where more people feel included. That way, we can develop a society that is overall healthier, happier, and more connected. A. They may do things to increase their self-esteem. B. This stress can use up cognitive resources needed for learning. C. Belonging is a complex thing because it is influenced by many factors. D. Over the years, researchers have been exploring this subjective feeling. E. Feeling like you belong can actually improve many aspects of your life. F. It actually serves as a warning signal that measures how much people feel accepted. G. When you see yourself well suited to a specific environment, you feel valued and respected. 2025丰台一模 Experts have warned that an obsession(痴迷) with healthy eating can cause mental health problems. A survey among mental health professionals found 90% of those surveyed, like in previous research, had seen patients with orthorexia nervosa (ON). 35 The survey found some patients cut out foods like fish, meat or dairy, considering them “unclean” . Their fixation on “pure” foods leads to deficiencies(缺陷) like iron-deficiency anaemia or vitamin B12 deficiency. For example, Dr Niket Sonpal found that his patients didn’t consume enough calories, minerals, protein or carbohydrates. Some patients even cut out entire food groups after the big dinners of holidays. 36 The term ON was coined in 1997 by Dr. Steven Bratman. He noticed patients’ extreme diets caused malnutrition, anxiety, and even death. 37 It poses a significant challenge. Healthcare providers may not be trained to spot the signs easily, and patients might not be aware their eating habits. As a result, diagnosis and treatment are delayed. 38 Healthcare providers need to be attentive to identify and deal with ON in patients, providing support such as nutritional advice, psychological aid, and diet-diversity education. The public needs to know the risks of overly strict eating. 39 True well-being comes from a healthy relationship with food, not an obsession with “clean” eating. By taking these steps, we can prevent mental health issues caused by fixating on healthy eating and promote a culture where food brings both nourishment and joy. A. Despite its risks, ON isn’t officially recognised as an eating disorder. B. Some online health communities provide some self-treatment methods. C. ON patients showed doubled depression rates compared to non-sufferers. D. Media and social platforms can promote a more realistic view of nutrition. E. Hence, experts warned that a healthy diet should not simply be seen as a source of restriction. F. In light of the findings, the medical community and the public should take a balanced view on healthy eating. G. Basically, orthorexia is a fixation on eating only healthy or pure foods, or what an individual perceives as healthy or pure. 2025石景山一模 The Brain Perceives Unexpected Pain More Strongly Pain perception (感知) can vary significantly between individuals and even within the same person across different situations. In some cases, an injury or physical illness may lead to stronger pain than expected, while similar injuries at other times may result in much milder pain. This difference suggests that pain perception is not entirely determined by the physical injury itself. One is the Estimate Hypothesis (假说), which suggests that the brain estimates the intensity of pain based on predictions it makes about the injury. The other is the Surprise Hypothesis, which argues that the brain feels pain as the difference between what it expects and what actually occurred. This difference, also known as the prediction gap, plays a key role in shaping how pain is experienced. Healthy participants were subjected to painful hot-based stimuli (刺激), while observing visual signals in a virtual reality setting. These signals were either associated with painful or non-painful experiences. Participants were then asked to report their pain intensity. The researchers discovered that pain perception becomes more intense as the prediction gap widens. This phenomenon occurs when the actual pain is much stronger than the brain’s expectations. Their findings suggest that the brain strengthens pain perception when there is a substantial difference between anticipated and actual pain levels. It provides a more accurate framework for understanding how the brain processes pain. The study also revealed that unexpected events tend to increase pain, supporting the idea that the difference between expectation and reality causes pain to feel worse. Individuals with persistent pain often experience uncertain fears and anxieties about their condition. This mismatch between their expectations and the actual experience of pain can further strengthen how strongly they perceive the pain. Gaining deeper insights into how the brain processes pain could also contribute to the development of more effective treatments, ultimately improving recovery from persistent pain. A. This evidence supports the Surprise Hypothesis. B. It is also strongly influenced by individual expectations. C. In this study, how the brain perceives pain was examined. D. In contrast, the gap will determine the intensity of the pain one feels. E. To explain this phenomenon, a new study has introduced two main assumptions. F. The findings highlight the importance of psychological factors in pain management. G. Narrowing this gap between expectation and reality may play a key role in reducing pain. 2025 东城二模 After seeing online advertising for “Willy’s Cbocolate Experience”, people paid up to £80 each to attend. But it wasn’t as promised: instead of wondrous creations and an abundance of chocolate, families arrived at a mostly abandoned warehouse featuring a sad-looking castle. Later it emerged that the marketing materials were produced by artificial intelligence. Misleading ads are just one example of a common problem in our digitalised world. Yet even as deception (欺骗) grows more complicated, countermeasures are being developed. There is an arms race going on in the digital world. ____35____ Understanding that evolutionary conflict can help us beat those who aim to lie to us. Disinformation certainly predates the existence of humans. Cancer cells, for example, trick the immune system into treating them as a normal part of the body, causing white blood cells useless against them. ____36____ Cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of other birds. The foster parents are then deceived into raising the young of others at the expense of their own. More complex are cases where wild tufted capuchin monkeys may scream as though a predator (捕食者) is nearby to trick their fellow primates into running away from food. ____37____ This links to the Red Queen hypothesis, which refers to a case where two organisms compete to outsmart each other. ____38____ Cuckoos compete with host birds. Primates compete with each other. In each conflict, a new strategy by one party forces the other to adapt — or face elimination in the cold game of natural selection. Disinformation today is a more complex version of the false monkey screams. The good news is that we know enough about evolutionary thinking to predict which steps bad actors will take next. ____39____ We have novel ways to trick it into evolving a weakness that we then take advantage of, a process called “evolutionary trapping”. Similarly, we know someone will try to outfox the tools being developed to counter deepfakes. We can predict what the next form of deepfake will look like, then prevent it. A. Bodies compete with cancers. B. We do this already with cancer. C. They then take the food for themselves. D. They become more intelligent with each trick. E. We see disinformation strategies among animals, too. F. We need to use our understanding to make traps of our own. G. But the competition between deception and honesty is as old as life on Earth. 2025 西城二模 In our fast-paced, technology-driven world, the act of eating has transformed from a mindful practice to an often hurried and distracted (分心的) activity. Distracted eating, characterized by consuming food while engaging in other activities such as watching television, scrolling through smartphones, or working at a desk, is becoming increasingly widespread. ____35____ The common presence of digital devices and the constant demands of modern life have contributed to the rise of distracted eating. ____36____ For instance, office workers frequently eat lunch while replying to emails, and students snack during online classes. This behavior is not limited to any specific age group. Distracted eating has several negative effects on physical and mental health. When attention is divided between eating and another activity, it becomes challenging to recognize signals of being full. ____37____ Studies have shown a correlation between distracted eating and an increased intake of calories, contributing to weight gain and obesity. Eating while distracted can impair digestion. The body needs to be in a relaxed state for proper digestion, but multitasking can create a state of mild stress, affecting the digestive process. This can lead to discomfort, bloating, and other gastrointestinal issues. ____38____ This reduces the overall nutritional quality of the diet, impacting long-term health. The practice of mindful eating, which involves paying full attention to the experience of eating, has been linked to improved mental health outcomes. In contrast, distracted eating can contribute to stress and anxiety, as it reduces the enjoyment and satisfaction of meals. ____39____ Creating specific areas for eating, free from digital devices and work related materials helps to establish a clear boundary between mealtime and other activities. Establishing and following regular meal times can reduce the temptation to cat while multitasking. This encourages a more structured approach to eating. Engage in mindful eating by focusing on the sensory experience of food — its taste, texture, and aroma. This can enhance the enjoyment of meals and improve satiety recognition. As awareness of the issue grows, it is hoped that more people will recognize the benefits of mindful eating and make conscious (自觉的) efforts to enjoy their meals fully and healthily. A. Addressing distracted eating requires conscious effort and lifestyle changes. B. Over time, this habit may weaken the brain’s ability to associate food with satisfaction. C. Eating in response to boredom, rather than genuine hunger, is a frequent consequence of such behavior. D. This shift in eating habits has significant consequences for our health and well-being. E. This can lead to overeating, as individuals are less aware of how much they have consumed. F. People are multitasking more than ever, trying to maximize productivity by combining meal times with other activities. G. Distracted eaters may make poorer food choices, choosing convenience foods that are often high in sugar, fat, and salt. 2025 朝阳二模 There is considerable evidence from studies with adults that volunteering benefits a person’s physical and mental health. ____35____ A 2023 analysis suggested that young people who had participated in community service were more likely to be in excellent health and stayed calm when faced with challenges. ____36____ It could be that the children volunteers were already in great health. But because of an alarming rise in mental health issues among young people, environmental health scientists believe this early evidence is promising enough to pursue. A 2021 advisory warned that the number of young people reporting constant feelings of sadness or hopelessness had increased by40 percent over the previous decade. There are multiple possible causes, including anxiety over climate change, the effects of social media use and unfriendly personal circumstances. To address these problems, researchers point to the importance of “contribution” as an essential piece of social and emotional development for teenagers. Volunteering is one good way young people can contribute. ____37____ In 2022, developmental psychologist Parissa Ballard and her colleagues tested volunteering as an intervention for nine 14-to-20-year-olds who had been recently diagnosed with mild to moderate depression or anxiety. After 30 hours of volunteer work at community organizations, the average reduction in depressive symptoms was 19 percent. What accounts for the benefits? Helping others improves mood and raises confidence. It provides rich ground for building social connections. It also changes how young people see themselves. Many teens don’t feel important. ____38____ There may be a potential downside to volunteering, however. ____39____ “Young people have to choose something that feels meaningful to them,” Ballard says. Adults can help by offering choices and checking volunteer opportunities to be sure that organizations are well run and equipped to offer a good experience. A. Admittedly, this finding only shows connections. B. Now scientists are finding similar links in children and teenagers. C. This improvement was in comparison with young people who did not volunteer. D. The sense of mattering to others translates really well to their needs to connect and belong. E. Everyone in the study enjoyed the work and reported a sense of pride and accomplishment. F. The experience can be harmful if young people feel like they are being forced to participate. G. Volunteering gives them a different sense of themselves, a sense of confidence and self-value. 2025 海淀二模 Stuffed animals, or plush toys, are a cherished part of childhood for many. Yet their appeal extends far beyond the early years. Whether it’s a soft lion or a cuddly bunny, these comforting companions have a unique place in the hearts of millions. ____35____ One of the primary reasons stuffed animals are so beloved is the comfort they provide. For children, these soft, huggable toys often serve as a source of emotional security. The act of cuddling a stuffed animal can provide reassurance and a sense of calm. ____36____ The tactile sensation of soft fabric and the comforting weight of a plush toy can act like a physical comfort object, similar to a security blanket. Besides, stuffed animals often become loyal companions, offering emotional support. ____37____ The attachment they develop to their stuffed animals is not just a passing phase. It often carries lasting emotional significance well into adulthood. ____38____ Children might “care” for their toys in ways they see adults caring for them, developing empathy and nurturing skills. This kind of play helps children understand complex emotions like love, concern, and responsibility. This allows them to build emotional intelligence from an early age. Beyond emotional comfort, stuffed animals have been used as tools in therapy. In child psychology, therapists often incorporate stuffed animals to help children express their emotions, fears, and wishes in a non-threatening way. When a child has difficulty verbalizing complex feelings, a stuffed animal can serve as a “voice” for those emotions. ____39____ Many find comfort in hugging or holding a plush toy as a way to alleviate stress, anxiety, or even physical pain. A growing body of research suggests hugging a stuffed animal can reduce stress hormones, and trigger the release of oxytocin, which promotes feelings of well-being and relaxation. A. Why do they hold such a special place in seeking comfort? B. Many children treat them as real friends or family members. C. But what makes stuffed animals more than just simple toys? D. Stuffed animals are also often used as a form of role-playing. E. It can help children feel safe, especially during times of stress. F. Cuddling stuffed animals in therapy can keep adults in high spirits. G. Adults too can benefit from the therapeutic aspects of stuffed animals. 2025 丰台二模 Much smaller in size than the diameter of an average human hair, nanoplastics are invisible to the naked eye. Linked to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in people, nanoplastics continue to build up, largely unnoticed, in the world’s bodies of water. ____35____ Therefore, at is urgent to develop better ways to remove nanoplastics from water. However the challenge remains to develop a cost-effective solution to get rid of nanoplastics while leaving clean water behind. ____36____ Recently, researchers created a cheap liquid-based solution that removes more than 98% of these microscopic plastic particles (颗粒) from water. The innovative method uses water-resistant solvents (溶剂) made from natural ingredients. It not only offers a practical solution to the pressing issue of nanoplastic pollution but also paves the way for further research and development in advanced water purification technologies. The strategy uses a small amount of designer solvent to absorb plastic particles from a large dume of water. ____37____ Once mixed with water and allowed to reseparate, the solvent floats back to the surface, carrying the nanoplastics within its molecular structure. Currently, the capacity of the solvent is not well understood. ____38____ Additionally, they will explore methods to recycle the solvent, enabling their reuse multiple times if necessary. ____39____ The solvents are made from safe, non-toxic components, and their ability to resist water prevents additional pollution of water sources, making them a highly sustainable solution. From a scientific perspective, creating effective removal methods fosters innovation in filtration technologies, provides insights into nanomaterial behavior, and supports the development of informed environmental policies. A. That’s where a new research comes in. B. The cost of producing the solvent is still too high. C. Previous methods failed to purify and recycle the small particles. D. Initially, the solvent sits on the water’s surface the way oil floats on water. E. In future work, researchers aim to determine the maximum capacity of the solvent. F. The new method offers multiple advantages that are both practical and scientifically significant. G. They can damage water ecosystems and enter the food chain, threatening wildlife and humans. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 题型06 阅读理解之七选五 目录 I. 考情透视 2 II.解题技巧 2 III. 真题汇编 4 2025东城期末 4 2025西城期末 5 2025朝阳期末 7 2025海淀期末 10 2025丰台期末 12 2025石景山期末 13 2025东城一模 15 2025西城一模 17 2025朝阳一模 18 2025海淀一模 20 2025丰台一模 22 2025石景山一模 24 2025 东城二模 26 2025 西城二模 28 2025 朝阳二模 31 2025 海淀二模 33 2025 丰台二模 35 I. 考情透视 信息还原七选五也叫补全阅读题，常见短文体裁为说明文和议论文，这两种文体结构清晰，层次分明，通常考查主题句概括、过渡句、总结句等。 2020 - 2025年北京卷信息还原（七选五）考点题量统计 2019～2024年北京卷信息还原(七选五) 年份 主题语境 语篇类型 考点题量统计 细节句 主旨句 过渡句 2025 人与自我（聚焦 成年的本质） 议论文 4 1 2024 人与社会(关注培养最大的可信度) 议论文 4 1 　 2023 人与社会(关注教学质量高的学校) 议论文 2 1 2 2022 人与社会 (健康与健身帮助人们拥有健康的生活) 说明文 4 1 　 2021 人与社会(音乐对人体健康的影响) 说明文 3 1 1 2020 人与自我(积极思考的好处) 说明文 4 1 　 命题意图： 一是考查学生的阅读理解能力：七选五题型要求学生在阅读文章的过程中，理解文章的主旨大意，把握文章的逻辑结构，从而准确地选择出符合文章逻辑和语义的句子填入空白处。 二是考查学生的逻辑思维能力：七选五题型要求学生在阅读过程中，运用逻辑思维分析文章的结构和内容，从而推断出正确的句子顺序。 三是考查学生的语言运用能力：七选五题型中的句子往往包含一定的词汇和语法难度，学生需要具备一定的词汇量和语法知识才能正确理解和选择句子。 四是考查学生的答题技巧策略：七选五题型要求学生在有限的时间内，快速地阅读文章，理解文章的主旨大意和逻辑结构，从而准确地选择出符合文章逻辑和语义的句子 II.解题技巧 七选五解题流程与逻辑关系词梳理 步骤1：快速浏览标题、首段以及每段首、尾句 目的：了解文章主旨、段落大意和篇章结构 步骤2：分析选项、找出核心词 快速浏览选项 圈出体现上下文逻辑关系的关键词及句子中的关键词：代词、连词、数词、名词等 步骤3：根据设空处的位置采用不同的技巧 观察设空处的位置 比对选项和设空处前后的关键词和表示逻辑关系的词 把最容易的题先做出来，再逐一还原每个空格 分位置技巧： 设空处在段首（主题句/过渡句）： ①总结段落主题 ②阅读设空处前1—2句和后1—2句，锁定关键词 ③比对选项中的核心词和语义是否符合语境或段落主题 设空处在段中（过渡句/细节句）： ①根据设空处前后的核心词、逻辑关系（并列、递进、因果、转折等）及段落主题判断出正确选项 设空处在段尾（细节句/过渡句/总结句）： ①概括段落大意并比对选项 ②阅读设空处附近内容，锁定关键词 ③比对选项中的核心词和语义是否符合语境或段落大意 步骤4：验证答案 操作：将选项代入原文，复核还原后的文章在逻辑和内容上是否连贯、一致 表示逻辑关系的词 并列与递进关系：and, also, in the first place, similarly, neither...nor..., furthermore, moreover, what's more, besides, in addition, not only...but also... 转折与让步关系：but, however, yet, nevertheless, though, although, despite, in spite of, in any case, at any rate 比较与对比关系：like, as...as, just as, on the contrary, conversely, oppositely, whereas, while 因果关系：because (of), due to, since, owing to, as, now that, as a result (of), so, therefore, as a consequence, consequently, thus 例证关系：for example, for instance, such as 表示总结：to sum up, in brief, in short, in conclusion, all in all, in a word 条件关系：if, unless, as long as, so long as, provided (that), in case, on condition that III. 真题汇编 2025东城期末 While compliments (赞扬) may seem simple, they can have a large impact on you and the people around you, creating a ripple of positivity. However, giving compliments requires skills and knowledge. Most compliments in our culture follow a very predictable pattern. ___35___ About two-thirds of compliments in the US are made using just five adjectives: nice good, beautiful, pretty, and great. In addition, about 80% of compliments follow three formats. So if I liked a book you wrote and wanted to say something positive about it, my compliment would probably follow one of these basic patterns: “Your book is great,” “I love your book,” or “That is a terrific book.” ___36___ . For example, in 2011 a scholar showed that women in unstructured settings both give and receive far more compliments than men. About three-quarters of women’s compliments to other women in an unstructured, informal setting involve appearance. In a goal-oriented, formal setting, 68% of praise statements are about performance. ___37___ Whether the compliment is effective depends on whether it is believable, appropriate, and unqualified. ___38___ If you tell me my hair looks good, I will dismiss it and suspect your motives, because I have little hair. More generally, people with low self-esteem don’t usually receive compliments well. As researchers have shown, in people with high self-esteem, a compliment stimulates parts of the brain responsible for self-referential thinking. This occurs significantly less for people who have low self-esteem. Even if a compliment agrees with one’s self-conception, scholars concluded, it must meet three criteria to be accepted by its object. ___39___ It must be sincere. And it must occur in the appropriate context. A. It must follow the basic patterns. B. The praise must come from a person with credibility to give it. C. What we choose to compliment depends on gender differences. D. A good compliment must not conflict with its recipient’s self-conception. E. If people have negative view of a person, they would resist his compliments. F. In contrast, men are more likely to compliment one another on performance in all settings. G. They are generally directed toward another person’s appearance, performance, or possessions. 【答案】35. G 36. C 37. F 38. D 39. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了赞美虽然看似简单，但对人和周围的人都有很大的影响，能激起一连串积极的反应，同时指出赞美也需要技巧和知识。 【35题详解】 上文“Most compliments in our culture follow a very predictable pattern.(在我们文化中，大多数的赞美都遵循一种非常可预测的模式)”说明大多数赞美都有固定模式。G选项“They are generally directed toward another person’s appearance, performance, or possessions.(它们通常针对另一个人的外表、表现或财产)”承接上文，具体说明这种固定模式是什么，即“针对另一个人的外表、表现或财产”进行赞美。故选G项。 【36题详解】 下文“For example, in 2011 a scholar showed that women in unstructured settings both give and receive far more compliments than men.(例如，2011年，一位学者发现，在非结构化的环境中，女性给予和接受的赞美远比男性多)”通过举例说明了男性和女性在给予和接受赞美上的差异。C选项“What we choose to compliment depends on gender differences.(我们选择赞美什么取决于性别差异)”引出下文，说明选择赞美的内容与性别差异有关。故选C项。 【37题详解】 上文“About three-quarters of women’s compliments to other women in an unstructured, informal setting involve appearance. In a goal-oriented, formal setting, 68% of praise statements are about performance.(在非结构化、非正式的环境中，女性对其他女性的赞美中，约有四分之三与外表有关。在目标导向的正式场合中，68%的赞美陈述是关于表现的)”分别说明了女性在不同场合下赞美的内容倾向。F选项“In contrast, men are more likely to compliment one another on performance in all settings.(相比之下，男性在所有场合下都更有可能对彼此的表现表示赞美)”与上文形成对比，说明了男性在赞美内容上的倾向。故选F项。 【38题详解】 下文“If you tell me my hair looks good, I will dismiss it and suspect your motives, because I have little hair.(如果你告诉我我的头发看起来很好，我会不屑一顾，并怀疑你的动机，因为我头发很少)”通过举例说明了赞美需要与被赞美者的自我认知相符，否则会被怀疑动机。D选项“A good compliment must not conflict with its recipient’s self-conception.(一个好的赞美必须不与其接受者的自我认知相冲突)”引出下文，说明了有效赞美的一个重要条件是必须与被赞美者的自我认知相符。故选D项。 【39题详解】 上文“Even if a compliment agrees with one’s self-conception, scholars concluded, it must meet three criteria to be accepted by its object.(学者们得出结论，即使赞美与一个人的自我认知相符，它也必须满足三个标准才能被其对象所接受)”说明了一个好的赞美需要满足三个标准。下文“It must be sincere. And it must occur in the appropriate context.(它必须是真诚的。而且它必须在适当的情境下发生)”列出了其中的两个标准。B选项“The praise must come from a person with credibility to give it.(赞美必须来自一个有可信度的人)”承上启下，列出了满足条件的第三个标准，即赞美必须来自一个有可信度的人。故选B项。 2025西城期末 What food do you love? What food do you hate? If you ask around, you’ll soon see there’s no right or wrong answer—it’s all a question of taste. ____35____ Rather, scientists have discovered that taste is influenced by our genes and DNA. Our scientific understanding of taste began just 25 years ago with the discovery of taste receptors—cells located on the tongue’s surface. ____36____ What tastes sweet to me might taste sour or salty to someone else, and this is because of differences in the receptors we’re born with. In other words, taste is partly genetic. According to Danielle Reed, a researcher at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, “When we first started doing genetic studies, we really just limited ourselves to looking at a few Europeans, people of European ancestry. ____37____ We are broadening our horizons and studying people of Asian and African ancestry, and that has really opened up the knowledge that people are much more diverse than we ever realized. Taste isn’t a matter of opinion. ____38____” But if scientists are telling us taste is largely genetic, what about restaurant critics and wine connoisseurs—people whose job is to tell us what to eat and drink? Are their opinions any better than our own? David Kermode, a wine judge for the International Wine and Spirits Competition, admits that while scientists have shown taste is largely individual and genetic, personal taste remains subjective. “____39____ But they are encouraged to set those prejudices aside.” A. It’s a matter of biology. B. It is actually the number-one driver for food choice. C. However, individual taste experience is highly subjective. D. But our taste, it turns out, isn’t simply a matter of opinion. E. People all have their own personal prejudices in whatever aspect of life they want to go into. F. And so, our understanding of the broad diversity of humans on the planet was extremely limited. G. For researchers in social sciences, taste is a broader concept related to tradition, geography, culture, as well as social relations. 【答案】35. D 36. C 37. F 38. A 39. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是口味的个体差异及其影响因素。 【35题详解】 空前“If you ask around, you’ll soon see there’s no right or wrong answer—it’s all a question of taste.(如果你问问周围的人，你很快就会发现，这个问题没有绝对的对错——这完全取决于个人的口味。)”说明了喜欢或讨厌什么食物完全取决于个人的口味，空后“Rather, scientists have discovered that taste is influenced by our genes and DNA.(相反，科学家已经发现，我们的基因和DNA会影响我们的口味。)”说明的是科学家已经发现，我们的基因和DNA会影响我们的口味，因此空格处要引起转折，D选项“But our taste, it turns out, isn’t simply a matter of opinion.(但事实证明，我们的口味并不是一个简单的观点问题。)”中的But表转折，说明口味并不是一个观点问题，因此承上启下，符合语境。故选D。 【36题详解】 空后“What tastes sweet to me might taste sour or salty to someone else, and this is because of differences in the receptors we’re born with.(对我来说是甜的东西，对别人来说可能是酸的或咸的，这是因为我们天生的受体不同。)”说明同一种东西不同人的感觉是不同的，说明这很主观，C选项“However, individual taste experience is highly subjective.(然而，个人的味觉体验是高度主观的。)”说明味觉是主观的，引起下文，符合语境。故选C。 【37题详解】 空前“When we first started doing genetic studies, we really just limited ourselves to looking at a few Europeans, people of European ancestry.(当我们刚开始进行遗传学研究时，我们真的只局限于研究少数欧洲人，即有欧洲血统的人。)”说明了刚开始我们进行遗传学研究时只局限于研究少数欧洲人，空格处应该说这么做会导致什么结果，F选项“And so, our understanding of the broad diversity of humans on the planet was extremely limited.(因此，我们对地球上人类多样性的了解是非常有限的。)”说明了我们只研究少数欧洲人所导致的结果，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选F。 【38题详解】 空前“Taste isn’t a matter of opinion.(口味不是主观臆断的问题。)”说明了口味不是主观臆断，空格处应该说口味是什么，A选项“It’s a matter of biology.(这是生物学的问题。)”中的it指代的是前面的Taste，说明了口味是生物学的问题，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选A。 【39题详解】 空前“David Kermode, a wine judge for the International Wine and Spirits Competition, admits that while scientists have shown taste is largely individual and genetic, personal taste remains subjective.(International Wine and Spirits Competition的葡萄酒评委David Kermode承认，尽管科学家们已经证明，口味在很大程度上是个体和遗传的，但个人品味仍然是主观的。)”说明了个人品味是主观的，空格处应该说这主要体现在哪里，E选项“People all have their own personal prejudices in whatever aspect of life they want to go into.(人们在生活想要涉足的任何一个方面都会带有自己的个人偏见。)”说的是主观性的具体体现，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选E。 2025朝阳期末 Are you struggling with low self-esteem (自尊)? If so, you may have been told to repeat phrases such as “I’m a lovable person”. ___35___ However, when psychologists tested the effects of such positive self-talk, they found “toxic positivity” — the phenomenon that a forced optimistic interpretation of our experiences alongside the bottling up of negative emotions can do real damage. ___36___ Beginning in the industrial revolution, socioeconomic goals around productivity and efficiency contributed to a culture where emotions, especially paralyzing ones like sadness, were seen as handbrakes to economic output. If someone was struggling, they were advised to have more faith rather than encouraged to explore the root causes. Science also takes some blame. Historically, psychologists didn’t consider emotions as justified phenomena to study, so there was little understanding of their significant impact on mental health. It isn’t surprising that we want to believe things will turn out better if we have positive attitude. After all, there is a growing body of research indicating that an optimistic outlook on life does have benefits, such as promoting physical health, boosting energy, and reducing stress. It also isn’t surprising that we label certain emotions, like anger, guilt, fear, and bitterness, as bad because they do feel unpleasant. ___37___ Nevertheless, it is becoming apparent that positivity has its limits. In 2021, a meta-analysis with more than 217, 000 participants investigated the link between optimism, pessimism and mortality. It found that an optimistic outlook was indeed associated with the lower risk of death, however, both unrealistic optimism and pessimism were linked to a higher risk of death. ___38___ How can we escape toxic positivity? Susan Davis from Harvard Medical School emphasizes the importance of allowing ourselves to sit with uncomfortable emotions. ___39___ The key to managing emotions does not lie in judging oneself for feeling negative emotions, but simply experiencing them, knowing that they will pass. A. We need to accept them as a normal part of human experience. B. Our tendency to avoid the darker aspects of human experience isn’t new. C. When we experience them, we can become consumed, disturbed or inactive. D. Neglecting negative emotions is also found to be harmful to our mental health. E. They urge us to inject a bit of positive emotion into our day to gain the benefits. F Positive chants like this are set to boost a person’s mood and feelings of self-worth. G. We are more likely to perceive normal emotions as mental problems needing treatment. 【答案】35 F 36. B 37. C 38. D 39. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了消极情绪给人带来的影响以及应该如何应对消极情绪。 【35题详解】 根据上文“Are you struggling with low self-esteem (自尊)? If so, you may have been told to repeat phrases such as “I’m a lovable person”.(你是否在与自卑作斗争？如果是这样，你可能被告知要重复诸如“我是一个可爱的人”之类的短语)”以及后文“However, when psychologists tested the effects of such positive self-talk, they found “toxic positivity” — the phenomenon that a forced optimistic interpretation of our experiences alongside the bottling up of negative emotions can do real damage.(然而，当心理学家测试这种积极的自言自语的效果时，他们发现了“有毒的积极”——一种强迫乐观地解释我们的经历，同时压抑消极情绪的现象，会造成真正的伤害)”可知，后文与本句构成转折，推测本句主要解释上文“重复诸如“我是一个可爱的人”之类的短语”这类语言的作用，F选项中Positive chants like this对应上文repeat phrases。故F选项“像这样的积极的重复话语是用来提升一个人的情绪和自我价值感的”符合语境，故选F。 【36题详解】 根据本段内容“Beginning in the industrial revolution, socioeconomic goals around productivity and efficiency contributed to a culture where emotions, especially paralyzing ones like sadness, were seen as handbrakes to economic output. If someone was struggling, they were advised to have more faith rather than encouraged to explore the root causes. Science also takes some blame. Historically, psychologists didn’t consider emotions as justified phenomena to study, so there was little understanding of their significant impact on mental health.(从工业革命开始，围绕生产力和效率的社会经济目标促成了一种文化，在这种文化中，情绪，尤其是像悲伤这样的麻痹性情绪，被视为经济产出的手闸。如果有人正在挣扎，他们会被建议要有更多的信心，而不是被鼓励去探索根本原因。科学也要承担一些责任。从历史上看，心理学家并不认为情绪是一种合理的研究现象，因此人们对情绪对心理健康的重大影响知之甚少)”可知，本段主要介绍了人类回避消极情绪的历史起源，故B选项“我们回避人类经历阴暗面的倾向并不新鲜”符合语境，故选B。 【37题详解】 根据上文“It also isn’t surprising that we label certain emotions, like anger, guilt, fear, and bitterness, as bad because they do feel unpleasant.(我们把某些情绪，如愤怒、内疚、恐惧和痛苦，贴上不好的标签，因为它们确实让人感到不愉快，这也不足为奇)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，上文提到了一些消极的情绪，推测本句承接上文，说明这些情绪所带来的影响，C选项中them对应上文certain emotions。故C选项“当我们经历它们的时候，我们会变得疲惫、不安或不活跃”符合语境，故选C。 【38题详解】 根据上文“It found that an optimistic outlook was indeed associated with the lower risk of death, however, both unrealistic optimism and pessimism were linked to a higher risk of death. (研究发现，乐观的前景确实与较低的死亡风险有关，然而，不切实际的乐观和悲观都与较高的死亡风险有关)”可知，本句是对上文研究发现的补充说明，说明关于负面情绪的发现，D选项中also found对应上文found。故D选项“忽视负面情绪也被发现对我们的心理健康有害”符合语境，故选D。 【39题详解】 根据上文“How can we escape toxic positivity? Susan Davis from Harvard Medical School emphasizes the importance of allowing ourselves to sit with uncomfortable emotions.(我们怎样才能摆脱有害的积极情绪呢？哈佛医学院的苏珊·戴维斯强调了让自己面对不舒服情绪的重要性)”以及后文“The key to managing emotions does not lie in judging oneself for feeling negative emotions, but simply experiencing them, knowing that they will pass. (管理情绪的关键不在于判断自己是否有负面情绪，而在于体验它们，知道它们会过去)”可知，上文提到让自己面对不舒服情绪的重要性，后文提到了管理方法，可知需要先接受不舒服的情绪，然后进行情绪管理。故A选项“我们需要接受它们是人类经历的正常组成部分”符合语境，故选A。 2025海淀期末 Imagine you’ve been working for hours before a deadline, but you feel like you’re getting nowhere. You’re starting to feel really anxious. At this point, you might start to blame yourself for having this emotion. Now you have two emotions: feeling anxious about getting work done and feeling frustrated that you are anxious. When the second emotion gets layered on top of the first emotion, you often feel worse and are even less likely to reach your goals. You may now be wondering if it is possible to make the second emotion less likely. ____35____. Many people have heard of “mindfulness”. It is often associated with doing a meditation (冥想) practice, but its essence is to be more aware and accepting of your present-moment experience. ____36____ Acceptance can limit judgmental thoughts and unhelpful secondary emotions. Let me explain. Picture yourself in a challenging situation like the scenario described above and you feel anxiety arising. Instead of getting upset at yourself for having this emotion, you bring your awareness to the experience of the emotion and accept it. You might feel that this anxiety is not fun to experience. ____37____ With this attitude of acceptance, and stepping away from the tendency to fight against the emotion, you are less likely to get stuck in a loop of judgmental thoughts that might trigger more unwanted emotions. ____38____ But evidence suggests that it works. That is probably because accepting yourselves, including your emotions, relieves pressure. You stop adding fuel to the emotional fire when you release judgmental thoughts about your emotions. ____39____ For instance, you could turn down the volume on the initial emotion, perhaps by seeing the situation from a new perspective or asking someone for support. A. Thankfully, research suggests that the answer is yes. B. You can’t be productive even when you have more inner space. C. Then you may question if you are feeling anxious about getting work done. D Yet you know you can breathe it through and that it is just a passing emotion. E. Sometimes the experience includes an unpleasant emotion you don’t want to feel. F. It might sound unreasonable that embracing an unpleasant emotion can be a good thing. G. You also create more inner space to determine whether you can do something that helps. 【答案】35. A 36. E 37. D 38. F 39. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何减少焦虑感。 【35题详解】 根据上文“Imagine you’ve been working for hours before a deadline, but you feel like you’re getting nowhere. You’re starting to feel really anxious. At this point, you might start to blame yourself for having this emotion. Now you have two emotions: feeling anxious about getting work done and feeling frustrated that you are anxious. When the second emotion gets layered on top of the first emotion, you often feel worse and are even less likely to reach your goals. You may now be wondering if it is possible to make the second emotion less likely.(想象一下，在截止日期前，你已经工作了好几个小时，但你感觉毫无进展。你开始感到非常焦虑。在这一点上，你可能会开始责怪自己有这种情绪。现在你有两种情绪：对完成工作感到焦虑，对自己的焦虑感到沮丧。当第二种情绪叠加在第一种情绪之上时，你通常会感觉更糟，甚至更不可能实现你的目标。你现在可能想知道是否有可能降低第二种情绪的可能性)”可知，上文提到“想知道是否有可能降低第二种情绪的可能性”，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，说明这一疑问的答案。故A选项“值得庆幸的是，研究表明答案是肯定的”符合语境，故选A。 【36题详解】 根据上文“Many people have heard of “mindfulness”. It is often associated with doing a meditation (冥想) practice, but its essence is to be more aware and accepting of your present-moment experience.(很多人都听说过“正念”。它经常与冥想练习联系在一起，但它的本质是更加意识到并接受你现在的经历)”可知，上文提到接受你现在的经历，本句承接上文，对经历进行进一步解释说明。故E选项“有时这种经历包含了一种你不想感受到的不愉快情绪”符合语境，故选E。 【37题详解】 根据上文“Let me explain. Picture yourself in a challenging situation like the scenario described above and you feel anxiety arising. Instead of getting upset at yourself for having this emotion, you bring your awareness to the experience of the emotion and accept it. You might feel that this anxiety is not fun to experience.(让我解释一下。想象你自己处于如上所述的具有挑战性的情境中，你会感到焦虑。不要因为自己有这种情绪而感到沮丧，而是把你的意识带到这种情绪的体验中并接受它。你可能会觉得这种焦虑并不有趣)”以及后文“With this attitude of acceptance, and stepping away from the tendency to fight against the emotion, you are less likely to get stuck in a loop of judgmental thoughts that might trigger more unwanted emotions.(有了这种接受的态度，远离与情绪作斗争的倾向，你就不太可能陷入评判思想的循环中，这可能会引发更多不想要的情绪)”可知，本句与上文构成转折关系，上文提到了焦虑，后文提到接受的态度，推测本句说明如何应对焦虑情绪。故D选项“但是你知道你可以把它呼吸出去，它只是一种转瞬即逝的情绪”符合语境，故选D。 【38题详解】 根据后文“But evidence suggests that it works. That is probably because accepting yourselves, including your emotions, relieves pressure.(但证据表明，它是有效的。这可能是因为接受你自己，包括你的情绪，可以减轻压力。)”可知，后文与本句构成转折关系，后文提到了有效，本句是在说明接纳情绪的消极方面。故F选项“拥抱一种不愉快的情绪可能是一件好事，这听起来可能不合理”符合语境，故选F。 【39题详解】 根据上文“You stop adding fuel to the emotional fire when you release judgmental thoughts about your emotions.(当你释放出对自己情绪的评判性想法时，你就停止了给情绪火上浇油)”可知，本句承接上文，进一步说明停止批判自己所带来的好处。故G选项“你也创造了更多的内心空间来决定你是否可以做一些有帮助的事情”符合语境，故选G。 2025丰台期末 Hesitation as intuition (直觉) You’ve thought about it. You’ve made your decision and then.….you hesitate. Your mouse hovers over the “purchase now” button, you’ve written the text but can’t quite bring yourself to press “send”. You hesitate. ____35____ Our culture values doing. We’re constantly urged to “go for it.” But what if hesitation is not a sign of weakness but rather a valuable signal? ____36____ But we don’t always make it a practice to listen to our bodies. When we do pay attention, we have access to a lot of nonrational information including our intuition. If you notice yourself hesitating, it might mean a part of you isn’t quite sure. Hesitation can be the body’s way of alerting us to overlooked details or concealed information that could be crucial to our choice. Since hesitation can carry such significance, it becomes essential to understand the nature of the signals our bodies send. Although distinguishing between intuition and fear or anxiety is not easy, when we cultivate the habit of self-awareness and understand our fears, we can begin to decipher (辨认) the messages behind our hesitation. Moreover, our rational minds have their limitations. ____37____ Therefore, by integrating our emotions and physical sensations into the decision-making process, we access a more comprehensive understanding. To make more informed decisions, we can employ specific strategies. One way that we can help ourselves with a specific decision is to notice when there’s hesitation and, if you have the time, wait. ____38____ Another interesting way to look at making a decision is to walk up to the door of it. Take action as if you had already made the decision. And before it’s too late, notice how it feels to walk that path. That may give you more information than thinking ever could. ____39____ By integrating both rational and intuitive elements, we can handle the complex choices with greater confidence and clarity. A. It’s easy to miss intuitive signals when we are moving from thinking minds. B They work within fixed frameworks that might not match the complex reality. C. While our minds are undoubtedly powerful, our bodies also hold a wealth of wisdom. D. In nature, the key to effective decision-making lies in seeing hesitation as a help. E. Check back in with the decision you thought you made and see if anything differs. F. Hesitation means your intuition is trying to speak to you from deep inner place. G. This hesitation is common yet often overlooked in our decision-making process. 【答案】35. G 36. C 37. B 38. E 39. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了犹豫的重要意义以及做出更明智的决定，我们可以采用具体的策略。 【35题详解】 根据上文“Your mouse hovers over the “purchase now” button, you’ve written the text but can’t quite bring yourself to press “send”. You hesitate.(你的鼠标悬停在“立即购买”按钮上，你已经写好了文字，但无法让自己按下“发送”。你犹豫)”可知，选项承接上文说明这种现象的普遍性和被忽视性。故G选项“这种犹豫很常见，但在我们做决定的过程中却经常被忽视”切题。故选G项。 【36题详解】 根据下文“But we don’t always make it a practice to listen to our bodies. When we do pay attention, we have access to a lot of nonrational information including our intuition. (但是我们并没有经常去倾听我们身体的声音。当我们集中注意力的时候，我们可以接触到很多非理性的信息，包括我们的直觉)”可知，选项承接下文说明我们的身体中藏着巨大的智慧。故C选项“虽然我们的思想无疑是强大的，但我们的身体也拥有丰富的智慧”切题。a wealth of wisdom呼应a lot of nonrational information。故选C项。 【37题详解】 根据上文“Moreover, our rational minds have their limitations.(此外，我们的理性思维也有其局限性)”可知，选项承接上文具体说明局限性的内容。故B选项“它们在固定的框架内工作，可能与复杂的现实不匹配”切题。故选B项。 【38题详解】 根据上文“One way that we can help ourselves with a specific decision is to notice when there’s hesitation and, if you have the time, wait.(我们可以帮助自己做出具体决定的一种方法是注意到犹豫的时候，如果你有时间，等待)”可知，选项与上文为并列关系继续说明犹豫的时候该做的事情。故E选项“回顾一下你认为自己做出的决定，看看是否有什么不同”切题。故选E项。 【39题详解】 根据下文“By integrating both rational and intuitive elements, we can handle the complex choices with greater confidence and clarity.(通过整合理性和直觉的元素，我们可以更有信心和更清晰地处理复杂的选择)”可知，选项在总结全文强调了犹豫在决策中的重要作用且这种作用能够帮助我们处理复杂的选择。故D选项“从本质上讲，有效决策的关键在于将犹豫视为一种帮助”切题。故选D项。 2025石景山期末 Time or Money? Would you rather have a higher salary or the freedom to work from anywhere in the world? According to a survey, seven out of ten surveyed readers would consider accepting a lower salary for more perks (额外收入) and benefits — one in ten would definitely do so. ____35____. For today’s workforce, especially Gen Zs and millennials (千禧一代), perks extend far beyond the traditional benefits package. They are putting a lot of focus on work-life balance, career advancement, and the company’s culture and values. Among all, a flexible work arrangement tops the list of those values. ____36____. The ability to control when and where they work not only boosts productivity but also helps prevent burnout. This shift enforces companies to demonstrate that they value outcomes and results over rigid schedules. In return, employees feel trusted, valued, and empowered, performing at their best when given the flexibility to balance their personal and professional lives. ____37____. For women, especially working mothers, unclear boundaries between home and work can make them feel like they are always working, which increases the risk of burnout. Moreover, remote work can intensify (增强) the challenges associated with career advancement, as fewer in-person interactions can lead to being overlooked or sidelined. ____38____. This belief could negatively affect their chances for promotions and leadership opportunities. Looking ahead, flexible work arrangements are here to stay and will likely continue to evolve. ____39____. Organizations should ensure equitable opportunities consistent with flexible work models, such as offering personalized arrangements instead of one-size-fits-all solutions. A. This is where company policies can play a crucial role. B. Employers invest a lot in creating attractive work environments. C. It provides the independence and freedom younger employees seek. D. While flexible work arrangements offer benefits, they also have drawbacks. E. Flexibility and work-life balance now outweigh financial rewards for many. F. But what are these perks and how are companies adapting to meet these expectations? G. Furthermore, those who prefer flexibility are often seen as less committed to their careers. 【答案】35. E 36. C 37. D 38. G 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项调查表明大部分人喜欢灵活的工作，文章主要介绍了灵活工作安排的优缺点。 【35题详解】 上文“Would you rather have a higher salary or the freedom to work from anywhere in the world? According to a survey, seven out of ten surveyed readers would consider accepting a lower salary for more perks (额外收入) and benefits — one in ten would definitely do so.(你更愿意拥有高工资，还是自由地在世界任何地方工作？根据一项调查，十名读者中有七人会考虑为了更多的额外收入和津贴接受较低的工资——十分之一的人肯定会这样做。)”指出，一项调查表明大部分人喜欢灵活的工作，这说明大部分人认为灵活工作与工作生活之间的平衡比金钱更重要，E项“灵活性和工作与生活的平衡现在对许多人来说比金钱回报更重要。”符合语境，对上文调查进行了总结，故选E。 【36题详解】 上文“For today’s workforce, especially Gen Zs and millennials (千禧一代), perks extend far beyond the traditional benefits package. They are putting a lot of focus on work-life balance, career advancement, and the company’s culture and values. Among all, a flexible work arrangement tops the list of those values. (对于当今的劳动力，尤其是Z世代和千禧一代来说，福利远远超出了传统的福利包。他们非常注重工作与生活的平衡，职业晋升以及公司的文化和价值观。在所有这些价值中，灵活的工作安排排在首位。)”可知，如今人们更加注重工作的灵活性，空处承接上文，指出人们注重工作灵活性的原因，即工作灵活性的好处，C项“它提供了年轻员工寻求的独立性和自由。”符合语境。故选C。 【37题详解】 下文“For women, especially working mothers, unclear boundaries between home and work can make them feel like they are always working, which increases the risk of burnout. Moreover, remote work can intensify (增强) the challenges associated with career advancement, as fewer in-person interactions can lead to being overlooked or sidelined. (对于女性，尤其是职业母亲来说，家庭和工作之间界限不清会令她们感觉一直在工作，从而增加了职业倦怠的风险。此外远程办公还会增强职业晋升的挑战，因为减少的面对面互动可能会导致她们被忽视或边缘化。)”主要介绍了灵活工作的缺点，D项“虽然灵活的工作安排提供了好处，但它们也有缺点。”符合语境，故选D。 【38题详解】 上文“For women, especially working mothers, unclear boundaries between home and work can make them feel like they are always working, which increases the risk of burnout. Moreover, remote work can intensify (增强) the challenges associated with career advancement, as fewer in-person interactions can lead to being overlooked or sidelined. (对于女性，尤其是职业母亲来说，家庭和工作之间界限不清会令她们感觉一直在工作，从而增加了职业倦怠的风险。此外远程办公还会加剧职业晋升的挑战，因为减少的面对面互动可能会导致她们被忽视或边缘化。)”主要介绍了灵活工作安排的两个缺点，空处也应是介绍其缺点，G项“此外，那些喜欢灵活性的人通常被视为对自己的职业不太承诺。”符合语境，为下文“This belief could negatively affect their chances for promotions and leadership opportunities.(这种信念可能会对他们获得晋升和领导机会的机会产生负面影响。)”中this belief所指，故选G。 【39题详解】 上文“Looking ahead, flexible work arrangements are here to stay and will likely continue to evolve.(展望未来，灵活的工作安排将会持续存在，并且可能会继续演变。)”指出灵活的工作安排将会持续存在，并且可能会继续演变，空处承接上文，指出灵活的工作存在的必要，A项“这是公司政策可以发挥关键作用的地方。”符合语境，故选A。 2025东城一模 Voice notes are a highly divisive medium of communication. There are those, like me, who enjoy both leaving and listening to them; and then there are those who dislike them and feel very strongly about that. 35 A poll found that 62%of Americans have sent voice notes, and about 30%communicate this way on a regular basis. But even the voice note lovers among us have our limits. All of us know a voice note bore. And it is time to establish some ground rules. The first rule :only ever leave voice notes for someone that you are confident likes you. 36 It is also somewhat self-indulgent(我行我素). While a spot of self-indulgence can be healthy, it is unreasonable to expect someone who dislikes you to indulge you. Never give complicated instructions in a voice note. 37 If you end up leaving a long voice note that contains a mixture of key information and other bits, follow it up with a text that gives the other person the important stuff, so they're not forced to listen straight away. 38 Leaving a voice note that is under 10 seconds long—unless you are funny or the other person likes you—is annoying. Type it out instead. Follow the other person's cues. If they are responding to your eight-minute specials with one-minute voice messages, take the hint. Also, if your message is longer than about four minutes, you should be open to the possibility that the other person is going to take a long time to listen and respond. If your message is upwards of 10 minutes, they might never listen to it. 39 All you need do, really, is remember to use a bit of common sense. Modern innovations need not negate good old-fashioned manners. A. Be at peace with that. B. Be responsive and informative. C. You need not keep your messages too short. D. It seems the haters are losing the battle, though. E. A voice note is a demand on someone else's time. F. It suggests limiting voice notes to less than two minutes. G. These should be typed out so the other person can refer back. 【答案】35. D 36. E 37. G 38. C 39. A 文章主旨 语音消息是争议性沟通方式，虽使用广泛（62%美国人发过），但需遵守核心规则：只发给喜欢自己的人、不发复杂指令、控制时长、关注对方反馈，避免冒犯他人。 逐空解析 35. 前文核心是“语音消息有支持者和强烈反对者”，后文核心是“62%美国人发过，30%经常使用”。选项D“不过，反对者似乎在这场争论中处于下风”，用“though”转折，承接前文“争议性”，引出后文“使用广泛”的现状，逻辑连贯，答案为D。 36. 前文规则1“只给你确定喜欢自己的人发语音消息”，后文“这也有点我行我素”。选项E“语音消息是对他人时间的占用”，解释了“为何不能给不喜欢自己的人发”——占用时间且我行我素，衔接规则与后文评价，合理自然，答案为E。 37. 前文规则2“不要在语音消息中发复杂指令”，后文“如果发了包含关键信息的长语音，需补文字提炼重点”。选项G“这些（复杂指令）应该打字，方便对方查阅”，“these”指代“复杂指令”，直接回应规则，与后文“补文字”形成呼应，答案为G。 38. 后文核心是“少于10秒的语音（除非有趣或对方喜欢你）很烦人，建议打字”，需填入引导“时长不宜过短”的句子。选项C“你不必把消息弄得太短”，引出后文“太短反而烦人”的观点，形成对比衔接，答案为C。 39. 前文核心是“10分钟以上的语音可能没人听”，需填入接纳该现实的态度句。选项A“接受这个事实就好”，承接前文“可能没人听”的可能性，态度平和且逻辑闭环，答案为A。 2025西城一模 Live performances are often described as raw, emotional, and immersive, while studio recordings are polished and carefully produced. 35 One of the most notable differences with live music is the energy. A live performance brings an atmosphere that cannot be recreated in a studio. When musicians perform live, they connect directly with their audience. The cheers, clapping, and excitement from the crowd create a feedback loop (循环) that can enhance the performance. This shared energy makes each live concert unique and personal for everyone there. Whether it’s a small, intimate venue or a massive stadium, the space influences how you experience the music. Live music is more than just something you hear; it’s something you feel. Another key aspect of live music is its unpredictability. No two performances are ever the same. Musicians might improvise (即兴演奏), change the arrangement of a song, or even interact with the audience in ways that feel spontaneous and genuine. In a live setting, imperfections can make the music feel more real. A slight mistake or an unexpected variation in a song reminds you that what you’re witnessing is unique. It’s a reminder that music isn’t just about technical perfection—it’s about emotion and expression. Live music creates a special kind of connection between performers and listeners. Seeing musicians perform in real time allows you to witness their passion and energy firsthand. 38 For many people, live music is about more than just the songs. It’s about being part of a shared experience, which can make the music feel more powerful and memorable. 39 While recordings offer a polished, consistent way to enjoy music, live performances bring energy, authenticity (真实性), and emotional connection. Both forms of music have their place, and many people enjoy a mix of the two. A. Live music and studio recordings each have their own strengths. B. The physical environment also plays a significant role in creating this energy. C. Studio recordings often rely on advanced technology to perfect the sound quality. D. These moments of authenticity add an extra layer of excitement to the experience. E. This contrast isn’t just about how the music sounds but also about how it feels to experience it. F. This doesn’t mean studio recordings are less valuable—they offer a different way to enjoy music. G. The physical presence of the artist, their expressions, and how they interact with the crowd all contribute to this emotional connection. 【答案】35. E 36. B 37. D 38. G 39. A 文章主旨 现场表演以能量、不可预测性和情感连接为核心特点，录音室录音则精致统一，两者各有优势，都是音乐欣赏的重要形式。 逐空解析 35. 前文核心是“现场表演（原始、有情感、沉浸式）与录音室录音（精致、精心制作）的对比”，后文聚焦“现场表演的能量优势”。选项E“这种差异不仅关乎音乐的听感，还关乎体验感”，“this contrast”指代前文两种表演的差异，引出后文“体验感层面的具体差异（能量）”，逻辑连贯，答案为E。 36. 前文核心是“现场表演的能量（观众互动形成反馈循环）”，后文核心是“场地（小场馆/大体育场）影响体验”。选项B“物理环境也在创造这种能量中起重要作用”，衔接前文“能量”与后文“场地”，说明能量的来源不仅有观众，还有物理环境，话题递进，答案为B。 37. 前文核心是“现场表演的不可预测性（即兴、互动、自发）”，后文核心是“不完美让音乐更真实”。选项D“这些真实的瞬间为体验增添了额外的兴奋感”，“these moments of authenticity”指代前文“即兴、互动、不完美”，衔接不可预测性与“真实感”，逻辑紧密，答案为D。 38. 前文核心是“现场表演的情感连接（见证艺术家激情）”，后文核心是“共享体验让音乐更有力”。选项G“艺术家的现场存在感、表情和与观众的互动，都促成了这种情感连接”，“this emotional connection”指代前文“special kind of connection”，解释情感连接的具体来源，衔接自然，答案为G。 39. 后文核心是“录音室录音精致统一，现场表演有能量和情感连接，两者各有其位”，需填入总结两者优势的句子。选项A“现场音乐和录音室录音各有千秋”，概括后文核心观点，作为段落主旨句，答案为A。 2025朝阳一模 When I think of my friends, I am mostly filled with love and warmth: I simply can’t wait to see them again for their affection and support. 35 In the right mood, these individuals can deliver a fun-filled evening, but at the wrong moment, they can drain (耗尽) all my goodwill. If this sounds familiar, then you too have frenemies, who psychologists call “ambivalent relationships”. These love-hate relationships could include a friend, a parent, a colleague or even a husband or wife. Their ambivalence can come in many forms. 36 It could be a partner love-bombing you one day, but fiercely critical the next, leaving you unsure about their true feelings. 37 At the very least, you would expect them to be better for us than our aversive (令人厌恶的) relationships. Unfortunately, research suggests things aren’t so simple. A team at the University of Utah asked people to take a reaction-time test and they found that rapidly flashing the name of an ambivalent connection on a screen intensified stress response of participants. Another study at Brigham Young University found that simply knowing an ambivalent connection was nearby as participants prepared to give a speech was enough to send their blood pressure rocketing. 38 Cutting ties with our ambivalent connections isn’t always possible or desirable if they are deeply mixed into our social network. So, what can be done? Simply being aware of the ambivalent nature of a relationship might offer some protection. We can manage our expectations and mentally prepare ourselves for the mixed feelings when interacting with frenemies. 39 As importantly, be a little more mindful of any interactions with all our ties. Show others the appreciation and respect we feel for them, for accidental neglect could be taken as a sign of indifference. A. It might be a friend who is often unavailable when you need his support. B. We might hope that in such relationships, the good would outweigh the bad. C. In fact, even unconscious reminders of a frenemy can break our peace of mind. D. This allows us to focus on their good qualities and show empathy for the unpleasant ones. E. If you feel someone too negative a presence in your life, you may decide to cut off contact. F. A handful, however, stimulate quite different emotions—a mixture of eagerness and anxiety. G. After all, the benefits of social connection come from feeling well understood and supported. 【答案】35. F 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 文章主旨 “友敌”（矛盾关系）是爱恨交织的人际关系，会引发压力、升高血压等负面影响。若无法断绝，需通过调整期望、保持觉察来应对。 逐空解析 35. 前文核心是“想到朋友大多是温暖和期待”，后文核心是“心情好时有趣，心情不好时耗尽善意”。选项F“然而，有少数人会引发完全不同的情绪——既渴望又焦虑”，用“however”转折，承接前文“温暖”，引出后文“矛盾情绪”，逻辑连贯，答案为F。 36. 前文核心是“矛盾关系有多种形式”，后文核心是“伴侣的冷热无常”。选项A“可能是一个你需要支持时总不在的朋友”，与后文“伴侣”并列，举例说明“多种形式”，衔接自然，答案为A。 37. 后文核心是“至少你会期望它们比令人厌恶的关系好”，需填入“对矛盾关系的正面期待”。选项B“我们可能希望在这种关系中，好处多于坏处”，衔接后文“期望更好”，态度一致，答案为B。 38. 前文核心是“两项研究显示，矛盾关系会引发压力、升高血压”，需填入总结研究结果的句子。选项C“事实上，即使无意识地想到友敌，也会打破内心的平静”，递进强调矛盾关系的负面影响（即使无意识也有危害），衔接研究结果，答案为C。 39. 前文核心是“应对方法：意识到关系的矛盾性，管理期望”，需填入该方法的效果。选项D“这让我们能关注他们的优点，对不愉快的地方表示理解”，“this”指代前文“管理期望”，说明具体应对效果，衔接紧密，答案为D。 2025海淀一模 When you spend time with close friends, how do you feel? You may feel like you belong. According to the Oxford dictionary, belonging is defined as a “deep sense of acceptance, inclusion, and identification within a group, place, or context.” 35 Since the beginning of human evolution, people have connected with others in order to survive. This desire to form and grow relationships is rooted in the human brain. 36 In 1943, Abraham Maslow was the first psychologist to write about belonging as a human need. His theory, the Hierarchy(等级) of Needs, states that humans must acquire their basic needs, such as physiological (生理上的) needs and needs related to safety, before they can begin fulfilling other higher, more complex needs, like belonging or developing self-esteem. Another groundbreaking research about belonging emerged in 1995.Mark Leary and Roy Baumeister found that humans have a universal drive to belong, which motivates their thoughts and actions. In fact, this drive is so important that they argued it was a fundamental human need—not a secondary need in a hierarchy. Their later research explored the connection between self-esteem and belonging. According to their research, self-esteem is not just about how people feel about themselves internally. 37 Although feeling connected to people is important in many settings, it becomes especially critical in schools.A2020 research analysis found that students who do not feel a sense of belonging at school are often searching for threats in their environment that signal whether they are welcome or not. 38 This, in turn, can cause poorer academic performance. It can also discourage students from forming deeper relationships. So, a student's feeling of belonging is vital for their learning. 39 Researchers will continue to analyze how personality, culture, and even social media shape how connected we feel to others. With this knowledge, people can create schools and communities where more people feel included. That way, we can develop a society that is overall healthier, happier, and more connected. A. They may do things to increase their self-esteem. B. This stress can use up cognitive resources needed for learning. C. Belonging is a complex thing because it is influenced by many factors. D. Over the years, researchers have been exploring this subjective feeling. E. Feeling like you belong can actually improve many aspects of your life. F. It actually serves as a warning signal that measures how much people feel accepted. G. When you see yourself well suited to a specific environment, you feel valued and respected. 【答案】35. G 36. D 37. F 38. B 39. C 本文围绕“归属感（belonging）”的定义、人类需求本质、相关研究及现实意义展开，核心解题逻辑是衔接上下文语义、呼应论点与论据的关联，以下是逐题详细解析： 35题：答案G 前文逻辑：牛津词典定义“归属感”为“群体、环境中的接纳、包容与认同”，需衔接对该定义的具象化解释，让“归属感”的感受更具体。 选项匹配：G项“当你觉得自己非常适合某个特定环境时，你会感到被重视和尊重”，直接呼应定义中的“接纳、认同”，将抽象定义转化为直观感受，承接自然。 排除其他：A（提升自尊的行为）、E（归属感的好处）均未承接“定义具象化”的逻辑；C（归属感的复杂性）与前文定义无关。 36题：答案D 前文逻辑：提出“人类渴望建立关系是根植于大脑的本能”，后文紧接着介绍1943年马斯洛、1995年利里和鲍迈斯特的两项核心研究。 选项匹配：D项“多年来，研究者们一直在探索这种主观感受”中的“这种主观感受”指代前文的“归属感”，起到“引出后续研究”的过渡作用，衔接前文的“本能”与后文的具体科研成果。 排除其他：B（压力耗尽认知资源）、F（自尊的预警作用）均是具体研究结论，无法承担过渡功能；G已用于35题，语义重复。 37题：答案F 前文逻辑：利里和鲍迈斯特的研究核心是“自尊与归属感的关联”，且明确“自尊不止是内在自我感受”，需进一步说明自尊与归属感的具体联系。 选项匹配：F项“它实际上是一个预警信号，衡量人们感受到的接纳程度”中，“它”指代前文的“自尊”，直接建立“自尊→反映接纳程度（归属感核心）”的关联，完美呼应研究主题。 排除其他：A（提升自尊的行为）未说明与归属感的关系；E（归属感的好处）偏离“自尊与归属感关联”的论点。 38题：答案B 前文逻辑：无归属感的学生“持续寻找环境中的威胁信号”（如是否被欢迎），后文指出这会“导致学习表现变差”，需填补“寻找威胁信号”到“学习变差”的逻辑缺口。 选项匹配：B项“这种压力会耗尽学习所需的认知资源”中，“这种压力”对应前文“寻找威胁信号”带来的心理负担，“耗尽认知资源”直接解释了为何会“学习表现差”，逻辑链条完整。 排除其他：C（归属感的复杂性）与“学习表现”无关；D已用于36题，语义不衔接。 39题：答案C 后文逻辑：研究者将继续分析“性格、文化、社交媒体”等对归属感的影响，需先提出“归属感受多种因素影响”的核心观点，再展开具体分析。 选项匹配：C项“归属感是复杂的，因为它受很多因素影响”直接点明归属感的复杂性，引出后文的“性格、文化、社交媒体”等具体影响因素，起到总起后文的作用。 排除其他：E（归属感的好处）未涉及“影响因素”；A（提升自尊的行为）与后文研究方向无关。 2025丰台一模 Experts have warned that an obsession(痴迷) with healthy eating can cause mental health problems. A survey among mental health professionals found 90% of those surveyed, like in previous research, had seen patients with orthorexia nervosa (ON). 35 The survey found some patients cut out foods like fish, meat or dairy, considering them “unclean” . Their fixation on “pure” foods leads to deficiencies(缺陷) like iron-deficiency anaemia or vitamin B12 deficiency. For example, Dr Niket Sonpal found that his patients didn’t consume enough calories, minerals, protein or carbohydrates. Some patients even cut out entire food groups after the big dinners of holidays. 36 The term ON was coined in 1997 by Dr. Steven Bratman. He noticed patients’ extreme diets caused malnutrition, anxiety, and even death. 37 It poses a significant challenge. Healthcare providers may not be trained to spot the signs easily, and patients might not be aware their eating habits. As a result, diagnosis and treatment are delayed. 38 Healthcare providers need to be attentive to identify and deal with ON in patients, providing support such as nutritional advice, psychological aid, and diet-diversity education. The public needs to know the risks of overly strict eating. 39 True well-being comes from a healthy relationship with food, not an obsession with “clean” eating. By taking these steps, we can prevent mental health issues caused by fixating on healthy eating and promote a culture where food brings both nourishment and joy. A. Despite its risks, ON isn’t officially recognised as an eating disorder. B. Some online health communities provide some self-treatment methods. C. ON patients showed doubled depression rates compared to non-sufferers. D. Media and social platforms can promote a more realistic view of nutrition. E. Hence, experts warned that a healthy diet should not simply be seen as a source of restriction. F. In light of the findings, the medical community and the public should take a balanced view on healthy eating. G. Basically, orthorexia is a fixation on eating only healthy or pure foods, or what an individual perceives as healthy or pure. 【答案】35. G 36. E 37. A 38. F 39. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了健康饮食痴迷会导致心理健康问题。 【35题详解】 根据上文“A survey among mental health professionals found 90% of those surveyed, like in previous research, had seen patients with orthorexia nervosa (ON). (一项针对心理健康专业人士的调查发现，与之前的研究一样，90%的受访者见过神经性厌食症（ON）患者。)”引出了“orthorexia nervosa (ON)”这个概念，G选项“Basically, orthorexia is a fixation on eating only healthy or pure foods, or what an individual perceives as healthy or pure. (基本上，正统厌食症就是只吃健康或纯净的食物，或者一个人认为健康或纯净的食物。)”对 “orthorexia”进行了基本的解释，即它是一种只专注于吃健康或纯净食物，或者个人认为健康或纯净的食物的状态，符合上下文语境，起到了承接上文的作用。故选G项。 【36题详解】 根据上文“For example, Dr Niket Sonpal found that his patients didn’t consume enough calories, minerals, protein or carbohydrates. Some patients even cut out entire food groups after the big dinners of holidays. (例如，尼克特·桑帕尔医生发现他的病人没有摄入足够的卡路里、矿物质、蛋白质或碳水化合物。一些病人甚至在节日大餐后不吃所有的食物。)”描述了患者对“纯净”食物的痴迷导致各种营养缺陷，比如一些患者在假期大餐后甚至会剔除整个食物类别。E选项“Hence, experts warned that a healthy diet should not simply be seen as a source of restriction. (因此，专家们警告说，健康的饮食不应该被简单地看作是限制的来源。)”中“Hence”表示因果关系，“experts warned”与前文提到的专家发现的问题相呼应，且该选项指出健康饮食不应仅仅被视为一种限制的来源，是对上文现象的总结和专家的警告，符合语境。故选E项。 【37题详解】 根据上文“The term ON was coined in 1997 by Dr. Steven Bratman. He noticed patients’ extreme diets caused malnutrition, anxiety, and even death. (ON这个词是史蒂芬·布拉特曼博士在1997年创造的。他注意到病人的极端饮食会导致营养不良、焦虑甚至死亡。)”说明了“ON”的提出以及其带来的危害，下文提到“It poses a significant challenge. Healthcare providers may not be trained to spot the signs easily, and patients might not be aware their eating habits. (这是一个重大的挑战。医疗保健提供者可能没有接受过容易发现这些迹象的培训，患者可能没有意识到他们的饮食习惯。)”指出它带来的挑战。A选项“Despite its risks, ON isn’t officially recognised as an eating disorder. (尽管存在风险，但ON并没有被官方认定为饮食失调。)”中“Despite its risks”承接上文提到的危害，“isn’t officially recognised as an eating disorder”引出下文因为未被官方认可所以带来的诊断和治疗方面的挑战，起到了承上启下的作用。故选A项。 【38题详解】 根据下文“Healthcare providers need to be attentive to identify and deal with ON in patients, providing support such as nutritional advice, psychological aid, and diet-diversity education. The public needs to know the risks of overly strict eating. (医疗保健提供者需要注意识别和处理ON患者，提供营养建议、心理援助和饮食多样性教育等支持。公众需要知道过度严格饮食的风险。)”分别从医疗保健提供者和公众两个方面阐述了应对措施。F选项“In light of the findings, the medical community and the public should take a balanced view on healthy eating. (鉴于这些发现，医学界和公众应该对健康饮食持平衡的态度。)”中“the medical community and the public”与下文的“Healthcare providers”和“The public”相对应，“take a balanced view on healthy eating”引出下文的具体措施，符合语境。故选F项。 【39题详解】 根据上文“The public needs to know the risks of overly strict eating. (公众需要知道过度严格饮食的风险。)”以及下文提到“True well-being comes from a healthy relationship with food, not an obsession with “clean” eating. (真正的健康来自与食物的健康关系，而不是对“纯净”饮食的痴迷。)”，此处应是关于公众了解健康饮食的具体措施。D选项“Media and social platforms can promote a more realistic view of nutrition. (媒体和社交平台可以促进更现实的营养观。)” 指出媒体和社交平台可以促进对营养更现实的看法，是公众了解健康饮食的一种方式，符合上下文语境。故选D项。 2025石景山一模 The Brain Perceives Unexpected Pain More Strongly Pain perception (感知) can vary significantly between individuals and even within the same person across different situations. In some cases, an injury or physical illness may lead to stronger pain than expected, while similar injuries at other times may result in much milder pain. This difference suggests that pain perception is not entirely determined by the physical injury itself. One is the Estimate Hypothesis (假说), which suggests that the brain estimates the intensity of pain based on predictions it makes about the injury. The other is the Surprise Hypothesis, which argues that the brain feels pain as the difference between what it expects and what actually occurred. This difference, also known as the prediction gap, plays a key role in shaping how pain is experienced. Healthy participants were subjected to painful hot-based stimuli (刺激), while observing visual signals in a virtual reality setting. These signals were either associated with painful or non-painful experiences. Participants were then asked to report their pain intensity. The researchers discovered that pain perception becomes more intense as the prediction gap widens. This phenomenon occurs when the actual pain is much stronger than the brain’s expectations. Their findings suggest that the brain strengthens pain perception when there is a substantial difference between anticipated and actual pain levels. It provides a more accurate framework for understanding how the brain processes pain. The study also revealed that unexpected events tend to increase pain, supporting the idea that the difference between expectation and reality causes pain to feel worse. Individuals with persistent pain often experience uncertain fears and anxieties about their condition. This mismatch between their expectations and the actual experience of pain can further strengthen how strongly they perceive the pain. Gaining deeper insights into how the brain processes pain could also contribute to the development of more effective treatments, ultimately improving recovery from persistent pain. A. This evidence supports the Surprise Hypothesis. B. It is also strongly influenced by individual expectations. C. In this study, how the brain perceives pain was examined. D. In contrast, the gap will determine the intensity of the pain one feels. E. To explain this phenomenon, a new study has introduced two main assumptions. F. The findings highlight the importance of psychological factors in pain management. G. Narrowing this gap between expectation and reality may play a key role in reducing pain. 【答案】35. B 36. E 37. C 38. A 39. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章探讨了大脑如何感知疼痛，特别是预期与实际疼痛之间的差异对疼痛感知的影响，并提出缩小这种差异可能有助于减轻疼痛。 【35题详解】 根据上文“This difference suggests that pain perception is not entirely determined by the physical injury itself.(这种差异表明，疼痛感知并不完全由身体伤害本身决定。)”可知，上文说明疼痛感知受到其他因素的影响，空处应该对此进行解释说明。选项B“它也受到个人期望的强烈影响”正好解释了除了身体伤害，疼痛感知还受到个人期望的影响，符合语境。故选B。 【36题详解】 根据下文“One is the Estimate Hypothesis (假说), which suggests that the brain estimates the intensity of pain based on predictions it makes about the injury. The other is the Surprise Hypothesis, which argues that the brain feels pain as the difference between what it expects and what actually occurred.(一个是估计假说，该假说认为大脑会根据对伤害的预测来估计疼痛的强度。另一个是惊喜假说，该假说认为大脑感受到的疼痛是预期与实际发生之间的差异。)”可知，下文两个关于大脑如何感知疼痛的假设，说明空处应该提到有两个假设。选项E“为了解释这一现象，一项新的研究提出了两个主要假设”提到了有两个假设，引出下文，符合语境。故选E。 【37题详解】 根据下文“Healthy participants were subjected to painful hot-based stimuli (刺激), while observing visual signals in a virtual reality setting. These signals were either associated with painful or non-painful experiences. Participants were then asked to report their pain intensity.(健康的参与者在虚拟现实环境中接受疼痛的热刺激，同时观察视觉信号。这些信号要么与疼痛经历相关，要么与非疼痛经历相关。然后要求参与者报告他们的疼痛强度。)”可知，下文描述了一项关于大脑如何感知疼痛的研究，说明空处应该提到有研究。选项C“在这项研究中，研究了大脑如何感知疼痛”提到了有研究，引出下文，符合语境。故选C。 【38题详解】 根据上文“Their findings suggest that the brain strengthens pain perception when there is a substantial difference between anticipated and actual pain levels.(他们的研究结果表明，当预期疼痛水平和实际疼痛水平之间存在显著差异时，大脑会加强疼痛感知。)”可知，上文是关于大脑感知疼痛的研究结果，空处应该对此进行评价。选项A“这一证据支持了惊喜假说”是对上文研究结果的评价，说明研究结果支持了惊喜假说，符合语境。故选A。 【39题详解】 根据上文“Individuals with persistent pain often experience uncertain fears and anxieties about their condition. This mismatch between their expectations and the actual experience of pain can further strengthen how strongly they perceive the pain.(持续疼痛的患者经常对自己的状况感到不确定的恐惧和焦虑。他们的预期与实际疼痛体验之间的这种不匹配会进一步加强他们对疼痛的强烈感知。)”可知，上文提到了预期与实际疼痛体验之间的不匹配会加强疼痛感知，空处应该提出解决办法。选项G“缩小期望与现实之间的这种差距可能在减轻疼痛方面发挥关键作用”提出了解决办法，即缩小期望与现实之间的差距，符合语境。故选G。 2025 东城二模 After seeing online advertising for “Willy’s Cbocolate Experience”, people paid up to £80 each to attend. But it wasn’t as promised: instead of wondrous creations and an abundance of chocolate, families arrived at a mostly abandoned warehouse featuring a sad-looking castle. Later it emerged that the marketing materials were produced by artificial intelligence. Misleading ads are just one example of a common problem in our digitalised world. Yet even as deception (欺骗) grows more complicated, countermeasures are being developed. There is an arms race going on in the digital world. ____35____ Understanding that evolutionary conflict can help us beat those who aim to lie to us. Disinformation certainly predates the existence of humans. Cancer cells, for example, trick the immune system into treating them as a normal part of the body, causing white blood cells useless against them. ____36____ Cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of other birds. The foster parents are then deceived into raising the young of others at the expense of their own. More complex are cases where wild tufted capuchin monkeys may scream as though a predator (捕食者) is nearby to trick their fellow primates into running away from food. ____37____ This links to the Red Queen hypothesis, which refers to a case where two organisms compete to outsmart each other. ____38____ Cuckoos compete with host birds. Primates compete with each other. In each conflict, a new strategy by one party forces the other to adapt — or face elimination in the cold game of natural selection. Disinformation today is a more complex version of the false monkey screams. The good news is that we know enough about evolutionary thinking to predict which steps bad actors will take next. ____39____ We have novel ways to trick it into evolving a weakness that we then take advantage of, a process called “evolutionary trapping”. Similarly, we know someone will try to outfox the tools being developed to counter deepfakes. We can predict what the next form of deepfake will look like, then prevent it. A. Bodies compete with cancers. B. We do this already with cancer. C. They then take the food for themselves. D. They become more intelligent with each trick. E. We see disinformation strategies among animals, too. F. We need to use our understanding to make traps of our own. G. But the competition between deception and honesty is as old as life on Earth. 【答案】35. G 36. E 37. C 38. A 39. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了数字化世界中欺骗与反欺骗的“军备竞赛”，并通过自然界中的例子（如癌细胞、杜鹃鸟、卷尾猴等）类比说明这种对抗的进化本质。 【35题详解】 根据文章第二段首句“There is an arms race going on in the digital world.(数字世界正在进行一场军备竞赛)”以及后文“Understanding that evolutionary conflict can help us beat those who aim to lie to us. Disinformation certainly predates the existence of humans.(理解那种进化冲突可以帮助我们打败那些想对我们撒谎的人。虚假信息在人类出现之前就已经存在了。)”提到的进化冲突（evolutionary conflict）与虚假信息在人类出现之前就已经存在可知，此处需强调欺骗与诚实的对抗历史悠久。选项G“但欺骗与诚实的竞争与地球生命一样古老”与此呼应，衔接后文对自然界欺骗策略的讨论。故选G。 【36题详解】 下文“Cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of other birds. The foster parents are then deceived into raising the young of others at the expense of their own. More complex are cases where wild tufted capuchin monkeys may scream as though a predator (捕食者) is nearby to trick their fellow primates into running away from food.(杜鹃在别的鸟巢里下蛋。然后养父母被欺骗，以牺牲自己的孩子为代价抚养别人的孩子。更复杂的情况是，野生卷尾猴可能会尖叫，好像捕食者就在附近，以欺骗它们的灵长类同伴逃离食物。)”列举了杜鹃鸟和卷尾猴的欺骗行为，因此可知，此处总结动物界的虚假信息策略。选项E“我们在动物中也看到了虚假信息策略”是对本段内容的概括。故选E。 【37题详解】 根据前文“More complex are cases where wild tufted capuchin monkeys may scream as though a predator(捕食者)is nearby to trick their fellow primates into running away from food.(更复杂的情况是，野生卷尾猴可能会尖叫，好像捕食者就在附近，以欺骗它们的灵长类同伴逃离食物。)”可知，猴子通过虚假警告独占食物。选项C“然后它们独占食物”承接上文，阐述前文行为的最终目的和结果。故选C。 【38题详解】 根据前文“This links to the Red Queen hypothesis, which refers to a case where two organisms compete to outsmart each other.(这与红皇后假说有关，该假说指的是两种生物相互竞争以胜过对方的情况。)”提到的红皇后假说，两个生物竞争以智胜对方；后文“Cuckoos compete with host birds. Primates compete with each other.(杜鹃与宿主鸟类竞争，灵长类动物彼此竞争)”举例说明两种生物相互竞争以胜过对方，选项A“身体与癌症竞争。”承接上文，以癌症和身体的竞争为例阐释红皇后假说，与下文并列。与第二段的“Cancer cells, for example, trick the immune system into treating them as a normal part of the body, causing white blood cells useless against them.(例如，癌细胞欺骗免疫系统，将其视为身体的正常部分，导致白细胞对其无效。)”形成呼应。故选A。 【39题详解】 根据上文“The good news is that we know enough about evolutionary thinking to predict which steps bad actors will take next.(好消息是，我们对进化思维有足够的了解，可以预测不良行为者下一步会采取什么步骤。)”以及下文“We have novel ways to trick it into evolving a weakness that we then take advantage of, a process called “evolutionary trapping”.(我们有新颖的方法来诱骗它进化出一个弱点，然后利用它，这个过程被称为‘进化陷阱’。）”可知，我们通过对进化思维的了解可以预测不良行为者的下一步，并在实践中进行运用，选项B“我们已对癌症这样做”提及人类已对癌症采取类似策略，符合语境，下文中的“it”指代选项中的“cancer”，选项中的“this”指代上文中的“predict which steps bad actors will take next”。故选B。 2025 西城二模 In our fast-paced, technology-driven world, the act of eating has transformed from a mindful practice to an often hurried and distracted (分心的) activity. Distracted eating, characterized by consuming food while engaging in other activities such as watching television, scrolling through smartphones, or working at a desk, is becoming increasingly widespread. ____35____ The common presence of digital devices and the constant demands of modern life have contributed to the rise of distracted eating. ____36____ For instance, office workers frequently eat lunch while replying to emails, and students snack during online classes. This behavior is not limited to any specific age group. Distracted eating has several negative effects on physical and mental health. When attention is divided between eating and another activity, it becomes challenging to recognize signals of being full. ____37____ Studies have shown a correlation between distracted eating and an increased intake of calories, contributing to weight gain and obesity. Eating while distracted can impair digestion. The body needs to be in a relaxed state for proper digestion, but multitasking can create a state of mild stress, affecting the digestive process. This can lead to discomfort, bloating, and other gastrointestinal issues. ____38____ This reduces the overall nutritional quality of the diet, impacting long-term health. The practice of mindful eating, which involves paying full attention to the experience of eating, has been linked to improved mental health outcomes. In contrast, distracted eating can contribute to stress and anxiety, as it reduces the enjoyment and satisfaction of meals. ____39____ Creating specific areas for eating, free from digital devices and work related materials helps to establish a clear boundary between mealtime and other activities. Establishing and following regular meal times can reduce the temptation to cat while multitasking. This encourages a more structured approach to eating. Engage in mindful eating by focusing on the sensory experience of food — its taste, texture, and aroma. This can enhance the enjoyment of meals and improve satiety recognition. As awareness of the issue grows, it is hoped that more people will recognize the benefits of mindful eating and make conscious (自觉的) efforts to enjoy their meals fully and healthily. A. Addressing distracted eating requires conscious effort and lifestyle changes. B. Over time, this habit may weaken the brain’s ability to associate food with satisfaction. C. Eating in response to boredom, rather than genuine hunger, is a frequent consequence of such behavior. D. This shift in eating habits has significant consequences for our health and well-being. E. This can lead to overeating, as individuals are less aware of how much they have consumed. F. People are multitasking more than ever, trying to maximize productivity by combining meal times with other activities. G. Distracted eaters may make poorer food choices, choosing convenience foods that are often high in sugar, fat, and salt. 【答案】35. D 36. F 37. E 38. G 39. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了在快节奏的科技时代，分心进食愈发普遍，其因数字设备和现代生活需求而生。分心进食对身心健康有害，会导致暴饮暴食、消化问题，影响食物选择。而正念饮食有益心理健康。可通过改变生活方式来解决分心进食，人们应重视正念饮食以健康用餐。 【35题详解】 根据上文“In our fast-paced, technology-driven world, the act of eating has transformed from a mindful practice to an often hurried and distracted (分心的) activity. Distracted eating, characterized by consuming food while engaging in other activities such as watching television, scrolling through smartphones, or working at a desk, is becoming increasingly widespread. (在我们这个快节奏、科技驱动的世界里，吃的行为已经从一种用心的练习变成了一种经常匆忙和分心的活动。分心进食的特点是一边吃东西一边看电视、刷智能手机或伏案工作，这种现象正变得越来越普遍。)”可知，上文提到在快节奏、技术驱动的世界里，饮食行为从一种有意识的行为变成了匆忙且分心的活动，分心进食越来越普遍。本句承接上文，指出这种饮食行为的变化会带来不良后果，引出下文对分心进食影响的阐述，故D选项“这种饮食习惯的转变对我们的健康和幸福有重大影响。”符合语境，故选D。 【36题详解】 根据上文“The common presence of digital devices and the constant demands of modern life have contributed to the rise of distracted eating. (数码设备的普遍存在和现代生活的不断需求导致了分心进食的增加。)”可知，上文指出数字设备的普遍存在和现代生活的持续需求导致了分心进食的增加，本句进一步解释了为什么会出现分心进食，故F选项“人们比以往任何时候都更加一心多用，试图通过把吃饭时间和其他活动结合起来来最大限度地提高效率。”符合语境，故选F。 【37题详解】 根据上文“Distracted eating has several negative effects on physical and mental health. When attention is divided between eating and another activity, it becomes challenging to recognize signals of being full. (分心进食对身心健康有几个负面影响。当注意力在吃东西和其他活动之间分散时，识别吃饱的信号就变得很困难。)”可知，上文提到当注意力分散在进食和其他活动之间时，很难识别饱腹感信号，本句说明这种难以识别饱腹感信号的结果是过度进食，故E选项“这可能会导致暴饮暴食，因为人们很少意识到自己吃了多少。”符合语境，故选E。 【38题详解】 根据上文“Eating while distracted can impair digestion. The body needs to be in a relaxed state for proper digestion, but multitasking can create a state of mild stress, affecting the digestive process. This can lead to discomfort, bloating, and other gastrointestinal issues. (分心时吃东西会损害消化。身体需要处于放松状态才能正常消化，但多任务处理会造成轻微的压力，影响消化过程。这会导致不适、腹胀和其他胃肠道问题。)”可知，上文提到分心进食会影响消化，导致不适、腹胀和其他胃肠道问题。本句进一步说明了分心进食在食物选择方面的不良影响，与上文一起阐述分心进食的负面效应，故G选项“分心的食客可能会做出更糟糕的食物选择，他们会选择高糖、高脂肪和高盐的方便食品。”符合语境，故选G。 【39题详解】 根据后文“Creating specific areas for eating, free from digital devices and work related materials helps to establish a clear boundary between mealtime and other activities. Establishing and following regular meal times can reduce the temptation to cat while multitasking. This encourages a more structured approach to eating. Engage in mindful eating by focusing on the sensory experience of food — its taste, texture, and aroma. This can enhance the enjoyment of meals and improve satiety recognition. (创建特定的用餐区域，远离电子设备和与工作相关的材料，有助于在用餐时间和其他活动之间建立清晰的界限。建立并遵循规律的用餐时间可以减少在一心多用时吃猫的诱惑。这鼓励了一种更有条理的饮食方式。专注于食物的感官体验——它的味道、质地和香气，从而专心进食。这样可以增加用餐的乐趣，提高饱腹感。)”可知，下文提到创造特定的进食区域，建立和遵循规律的用餐时间等改变生活方式的措施来解决分心进食的问题。故A选项“解决进食分心问题需要有意识的努力和生活方式的改变。”符合语境，故选A。 2025 朝阳二模 There is considerable evidence from studies with adults that volunteering benefits a person’s physical and mental health. ____35____ A 2023 analysis suggested that young people who had participated in community service were more likely to be in excellent health and stayed calm when faced with challenges. ____36____ It could be that the children volunteers were already in great health. But because of an alarming rise in mental health issues among young people, environmental health scientists believe this early evidence is promising enough to pursue. A 2021 advisory warned that the number of young people reporting constant feelings of sadness or hopelessness had increased by40 percent over the previous decade. There are multiple possible causes, including anxiety over climate change, the effects of social media use and unfriendly personal circumstances. To address these problems, researchers point to the importance of “contribution” as an essential piece of social and emotional development for teenagers. Volunteering is one good way young people can contribute. ____37____ In 2022, developmental psychologist Parissa Ballard and her colleagues tested volunteering as an intervention for nine 14-to-20-year-olds who had been recently diagnosed with mild to moderate depression or anxiety. After 30 hours of volunteer work at community organizations, the average reduction in depressive symptoms was 19 percent. What accounts for the benefits? Helping others improves mood and raises confidence. It provides rich ground for building social connections. It also changes how young people see themselves. Many teens don’t feel important. ____38____ There may be a potential downside to volunteering, however. ____39____ “Young people have to choose something that feels meaningful to them,” Ballard says. Adults can help by offering choices and checking volunteer opportunities to be sure that organizations are well run and equipped to offer a good experience. A. Admittedly, this finding only shows connections. B. Now scientists are finding similar links in children and teenagers. C. This improvement was in comparison with young people who did not volunteer. D. The sense of mattering to others translates really well to their needs to connect and belong. E. Everyone in the study enjoyed the work and reported a sense of pride and accomplishment. F. The experience can be harmful if young people feel like they are being forced to participate. G. Volunteering gives them a different sense of themselves, a sense of confidence and self-value. 【答案】35. B 36. A 37. D 38. G 39. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年志愿服务对其身心健康有益及相关研究。 【35题详解】 上文“There is considerable evidence from studies with adults that volunteering benefits a person’s physical and mental health.(有大量针对成年人的研究证据表明，志愿服务有益于一个人的身心健康)”说明成年人志愿服务有益身心健康。空处和前文为顺接关系，说明在青少年中也有类似发现，并引出下文的相关研究。所以B项“现在科学家们在儿童和青少年中也发现了类似的联系。”符合语境。该项中的“similar links”和上文中的“adults that volunteering benefits a person’s physical and mental health”呼应。故选B。 【36题详解】 上文“A 2023 analysis suggested that young people who had participated in community service were more likely to be in excellent health and stayed calm when faced with challenges.(2023年的一项分析表明，参与过社区服务的年轻人更有可能保持极佳的健康状态，并且在面对挑战时能够保持冷静)”以及下文“It could be that the children volunteers were already in great health.(可能是参加志愿活动的孩子本来就很健康)”是对某种发现的一种可能性解释。空处承接上文的发现，并对这种情况给出了认可。A项“诚然，这一发现只是表明了一种联系。”符合语境，引出下文对研究发现局限性的说明，而选项中“this finding”指代了上文中的“young people who had participated in community service were more likely to be in excellent health and stayed calm when faced with challenges”这一发现。故选A。 【37题详解】 上文“To address these problems, researchers point to the importance of “contribution” as an essential piece of social and emotional development for teenagers. Volunteering is one good way young people can contribute.(为了解决这些问题，研究人员指出，“贡献”对于青少年的社会和情感发展至关重要。志愿服务是年轻人可以做出贡献的一种良好方式)”说明了志愿服务是年轻人可以做出贡献的一种良好方式。空处与上文逻辑紧密相连，解释了志愿服务为何能让年轻人做出贡献。D项“对他人的重要性很好地转化为他们建立联系和归属感的需求。”符合语境，是对上文内容的进一步阐述和解释。故选D。 【38题详解】 上文“What accounts for the benefits? Helping others improves mood and raises confidence. It provides rich ground for building social connections. It also changes how young people see themselves. Many teens don’t feel important.(这些好处的原因是什么？帮助他人可以改善情绪，增强信心。它为建立社会联系提供了丰富的基础。这也改变了年轻人对自己的看法。许多青少年觉得自己不重要)”列举了几个志愿者带来好处的原因。C项“志愿活动给了他们一种不同的自我感觉，一种自信和自我价值感。”承接上文说明志愿者服务可以让青少年找到自我，产生自信和自我价值观,改变青少年认为自己不重要的看法。故选G。 【39题详解】 上文“There may be a potential downside to volunteering, however.(然而，志愿服务可能有一个潜在的缺点)”说明志愿服务存在问题。空处具体说明问题所在，F项“如果年轻人觉得自己是被迫参与的，这种经历可能是有害的。”符合语境，解释了志愿服务可能带来负面影响的原因。该项中的“The experience can be harmful”和上文中的“a potential downside”相呼应。故选F。 2025 海淀二模 Stuffed animals, or plush toys, are a cherished part of childhood for many. Yet their appeal extends far beyond the early years. Whether it’s a soft lion or a cuddly bunny, these comforting companions have a unique place in the hearts of millions. ____35____ One of the primary reasons stuffed animals are so beloved is the comfort they provide. For children, these soft, huggable toys often serve as a source of emotional security. The act of cuddling a stuffed animal can provide reassurance and a sense of calm. ____36____ The tactile sensation of soft fabric and the comforting weight of a plush toy can act like a physical comfort object, similar to a security blanket. Besides, stuffed animals often become loyal companions, offering emotional support. ____37____ The attachment they develop to their stuffed animals is not just a passing phase. It often carries lasting emotional significance well into adulthood. ____38____ Children might “care” for their toys in ways they see adults caring for them, developing empathy and nurturing skills. This kind of play helps children understand complex emotions like love, concern, and responsibility. This allows them to build emotional intelligence from an early age. Beyond emotional comfort, stuffed animals have been used as tools in therapy. In child psychology, therapists often incorporate stuffed animals to help children express their emotions, fears, and wishes in a non-threatening way. When a child has difficulty verbalizing complex feelings, a stuffed animal can serve as a “voice” for those emotions. ____39____ Many find comfort in hugging or holding a plush toy as a way to alleviate stress, anxiety, or even physical pain. A growing body of research suggests hugging a stuffed animal can reduce stress hormones, and trigger the release of oxytocin, which promotes feelings of well-being and relaxation. A. Why do they hold such a special place in seeking comfort? B. Many children treat them as real friends or family members. C. But what makes stuffed animals more than just simple toys? D. Stuffed animals are also often used as a form of role-playing. E. It can help children feel safe, especially during times of stress. F. Cuddling stuffed animals in therapy can keep adults in high spirits. G. Adults too can benefit from the therapeutic aspects of stuffed animals. 【答案】35. C 36. E 37. B 38. D 39. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了毛绒玩具不仅是童年的珍贵部分，对各年龄段都有独特意义。它能提供情感安慰，成为忠诚伙伴，还可用于角色扮演培养情商。毛绒玩具可作为治疗工具，无论是孩子还是成人，都能通过它缓解压力，释放促进幸福感的催产素。 【35题详解】 根据上文“Stuffed animals, or plush toys, are a cherished part of childhood for many. Yet their appeal extends far beyond the early years. Whether it’s a soft lion or a cuddly bunny, these comforting companions have a unique place in the hearts of millions.(对许多人来说，毛绒玩具是童年珍贵的一部分。然而，它们的吸引力远远超出了最初的几年。无论是柔软的狮子还是可爱的兔子，这些令人安慰的伴侣在数百万人的心中都占有独特的地位)”可知，上文提到毛绒玩具深受喜爱，下一段开始阐述毛绒玩具受欢迎的原因，本句起到承上启下的作用，引出下文对毛绒玩具特殊之处的讨论，故C选项“但是是什么让毛绒动物不仅仅是简单的玩具呢？”符合语境，故选C。 【36题详解】 根据上文“One of the primary reasons stuffed animals are so beloved is the comfort they provide. For children, these soft, huggable toys often serve as a source of emotional security. The act of cuddling a stuffed animal can provide reassurance and a sense of calm.(毛绒玩具如此受人喜爱的主要原因之一是它们提供的安慰。对于孩子们来说，这些柔软、可爱的玩具通常是情感安全感的来源。抱着毛绒玩具的行为可以提供安慰和平静的感觉)”可知，前文说毛绒玩具能给孩子带来情感上的安全感，拥抱毛绒玩具能带来安慰和平静，故本句进一步说明毛绒玩具让孩子有安全感，故E选项“它可以帮助孩子们感到安全，尤其是在有压力的时候”符合语境，故选E。 【37题详解】 根据上文“Besides, stuffed animals often become loyal companions, offering emotional support.(此外，毛绒玩具经常成为忠实的伙伴，提供情感支持)”以及后文“The attachment they develop to their stuffed animals is not just a passing phase. It often carries lasting emotional significance well into adulthood.(他们对毛绒玩具的依恋并不是暂时的。它通常会在成年后带来持久的情感意义)”可知，上文说毛绒玩具是忠诚的伙伴，能提供情感支持，后文说孩子对毛绒玩具的依恋不是短暂的阶段，推测本句说明孩子对毛绒玩具的特殊情感，故B选项“许多孩子把他们当作真正的朋友或家人”符合语境，故选B。 【38题详解】 根据后文“Children might “care” for their toys in ways they see adults caring for them, developing empathy and nurturing skills. This kind of play helps children understand complex emotions like love, concern, and responsibility. This allows them to build emotional intelligence from an early age.(孩子们可能会以他们看到的成年人照顾他们的方式“照顾”他们的玩具，培养同理心和养育技能。这种游戏可以帮助孩子理解复杂的情感，比如爱、关心和责任。这使得他们在很小的时候就能建立情商)”可知，后文说孩子会像大人照顾自己一样 “照顾” 玩具，培养同理心和养育技能，本句为主旨句，引出下文孩子通过玩毛绒玩具进行角色扮演的内容，故D选项“填充动物玩具也经常被用作角色扮演的一种形式”符合语境，故选D。 【39题详解】 根据前文“Beyond emotional comfort, stuffed animals have been used as tools in therapy. In child psychology, therapists often incorporate stuffed animals to help children express their emotions, fears, and wishes in a non-threatening way. (除了情感上的安慰，毛绒动物还被用作治疗工具。在儿童心理学中，治疗师经常使用毛绒动物玩具来帮助孩子们以一种不具威胁性的方式表达他们的情绪、恐惧和愿望)”可知，第五段从儿童治疗转向成年人受益，G选项“成年人也能从毛绒玩具的治疗方面获益”衔接后文研究结论，后文“Many find comfort in hugging or holding a plush toy as a way to alleviate stress, anxiety, or even physical pain. A growing body of research suggests hugging a stuffed animal can reduce stress hormones, and trigger the release of oxytocin, which promotes feelings of well-being and relaxation.(许多人认为拥抱或抱着毛绒玩具是缓解压力、焦虑甚至身体疼痛的一种方式。越来越多的研究表明，拥抱毛绒玩具可以减少压力荷尔蒙，并引发催产素的释放，从而促进幸福感和放松感)”说很多人通过拥抱毛绒玩具缓解压力，说明毛绒玩具对成年人也有治疗作用，故符合语境，故选G。 2025 丰台二模 Much smaller in size than the diameter of an average human hair, nanoplastics are invisible to the naked eye. Linked to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in people, nanoplastics continue to build up, largely unnoticed, in the world’s bodies of water. ____35____ Therefore, at is urgent to develop better ways to remove nanoplastics from water. However the challenge remains to develop a cost-effective solution to get rid of nanoplastics while leaving clean water behind. ____36____ Recently, researchers created a cheap liquid-based solution that removes more than 98% of these microscopic plastic particles (颗粒) from water. The innovative method uses water-resistant solvents (溶剂) made from natural ingredients. It not only offers a practical solution to the pressing issue of nanoplastic pollution but also paves the way for further research and development in advanced water purification technologies. The strategy uses a small amount of designer solvent to absorb plastic particles from a large dume of water. ____37____ Once mixed with water and allowed to reseparate, the solvent floats back to the surface, carrying the nanoplastics within its molecular structure. Currently, the capacity of the solvent is not well understood. ____38____ Additionally, they will explore methods to recycle the solvent, enabling their reuse multiple times if necessary. ____39____ The solvents are made from safe, non-toxic components, and their ability to resist water prevents additional pollution of water sources, making them a highly sustainable solution. From a scientific perspective, creating effective removal methods fosters innovation in filtration technologies, provides insights into nanomaterial behavior, and supports the development of informed environmental policies. A. That’s where a new research comes in. B. The cost of producing the solvent is still too high. C. Previous methods failed to purify and recycle the small particles. D. Initially, the solvent sits on the water’s surface the way oil floats on water. E. In future work, researchers aim to determine the maximum capacity of the solvent. F. The new method offers multiple advantages that are both practical and scientifically significant. G. They can damage water ecosystems and enter the food chain, threatening wildlife and humans. 【答案】35. G 36. A 37. D 38. E 39. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了纳米塑料的危害，开发有效去除水中纳米塑料方法的紧迫性，创新的去除纳米塑料的方法及其优势，包括溶剂的作用、未来研究方向等内容。 【35题详解】 根据上文“Much smaller in size than the diameter of an average human hair, nanoplastics are invisible to the naked eye. Linked to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in people, nanoplastics continue to build up, largely unnoticed, in the world’s bodies of water. (纳米塑料的尺寸比人类平均头发的直径小得多，肉眼看不见。纳米塑料与人类的心血管和呼吸系统疾病有关，在世界水体中不断积累，很大程度上未被注意到。)”可知，本段讲述了纳米塑料的危害，结合空格所处的位置可推断，此空应继续阐述纳米塑料的危害。G选项 “They can damage water ecosystems and enter the food chain, threatening wildlife and humans. (它们会破坏水生态系统并进入食物链，威胁到野生动物和人类。)”说明了纳米塑料对生态系统和食物链的危害，承接上文，符合语境。故选G项。 【36题详解】 根据上文“Therefore, at is urgent to develop better ways to remove nanoplastics from water. However the challenge remains to develop a cost-effective solution to get rid of nanoplastics while leaving clean water behind. (因此，迫切需要开发更好的方法来去除水中的纳米塑料。然而，挑战仍然是开发一种具有成本效益的解决方案，在留下干净的水的同时去除纳米塑料。)”以及下文的“Recently, researchers created a cheap liquid-based solution that removes more than 98% of these microscopic plastic particles (颗粒) from water.(最近，研究人员开发出一种低成本的液态解决方案，能够从水中清除超过98%的这些微观塑料颗粒。)”可知，挑战仍然是开发一种具有成本效益的解决方案，在留下干净的水的同时去除纳米塑料，由此可知，此空应引出关于去除水中纳米塑料的新研究，A选项“That’s where a new research comes in. (这就是一项新研究的切入点。)”引出下文关于新研究的内容，符合语境。故选A项。 【37题详解】 根据上文“The strategy uses a small amount of designer solvent to absorb plastic particles from a large dume of water. (该策略使用少量的特制溶剂从大量水中吸收塑料颗粒。)” 以及下文的“Once mixed with water and allowed to reseparate, the solvent floats back to the surface, carrying the nanoplastics within its molecular structure.(一旦与水混合并允许重新分离，溶剂会携带纳米塑料回到水面，其分子结构中包裹着这些微粒。)”可知，此空应具体描述溶剂在水中的情况，D选项“Initially, the solvent sits on the water’s surface the way oil floats on water. (最初，溶剂像油漂浮在水上一样漂浮在水面上。)” 说明了溶剂在水面上的状态，承接上文，且与下文的内容吻合，符合语境。故选D项。 【38题详解】 根据上文“Currently, the capacity of the solvent is not well understood. (目前，溶剂的容量还不太清楚。)”以及下文的“Additionally, they will explore methods to recycle the solvent, enabling their reuse multiple times if necessary.(此外，他们还将探索回收溶剂的方法，以便在必要时能够多次重复使用。)”可知，此空应阐述关于溶剂容量的研究方向，E选项 “In future work, researchers aim to determine the maximum capacity of the solvent. (在未来的工作中，研究人员旨在确定溶剂的最大容量。)”说明了未来对溶剂容量的研究目标，承接上文，且与下文讲述的内容一致，Additionally为关键词。故选E项。 【39题详解】 根据下文“The solvents are made from safe, non-toxic components, and their ability to resist water prevents additional pollution of water sources, making them a highly sustainable solution. From a scientific perspective, creating effective removal methods fosters innovation in filtration technologies, provides insights into nanomaterial behavior, and supports the development of informed environmental policies. (这些溶剂由安全、无毒的成分制成，它们的防水能力可防止水源受到额外污染，使其成为一种高度可持续的解决方案。从科学的角度来看，创建有效的去除方法促进了过滤技术的创新，提供了对纳米材料行为的深入了解，并支持制定明智的环境政策。)”可知，此处讲述了这种新方法的好处，结合空格处于段首的特点可知，此空可能是本段的主题句，总结新方法的优势，F选项“The new method offers multiple advantages that are both practical and scientifically significant. (这种新方法具有多种优势，既实用又具有科学意义。)”概括了本段的主题，引出下文对新方法优势的具体描述。故选F项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $