内容正文:
Unit 8 Once upon a Time(知识清单)
英语人教版 七年级下册
01 单元核心定位
单元核心
· 主题范畴:人与社会
· 核心问题:Why do we tell stories?(我们为什么要讲故事?)
· 价值引领句:Short stories can hold big ideas.(小故事有大道理。)
学习目标
1. 能讲述故事并谈论从中获得的启示,掌握故事类语篇的核心词汇和表达;
2. 能用一般过去时和一般现在时讲述故事,区分两种时态在故事中的用法;
3. 能为故事编写结局,提升逻辑思维和创作能力;
4. 探索不同文化背景的故事,理解其背后的文化价值和寓意。
02 核心词汇体系
名词
类别
单词/短语
音标
中文释义
核心拓展(复数/词缀/易混)
记忆方法
故事相关
truth /tru:θ/
n.
真相;事实
派生词:true(adj. 真实的)、truly(adv. 真正地);短语:tell the truth(说实话)
词缀记忆:true(真实的)去e加-th→truth,记“真相是真实的核心”
artist /'ɑ:tɪst/
n.
美术家;艺术家
复数:artists;派生词:art(n. 艺术)+ -ist(表人)
词缀记忆:art(艺术)+ -ist→从事艺术的人即艺术家,复数加-s
fisherman /'fɪʃəmən/
n.
渔夫
复数:fishermen;派生词:fish(v. 钓鱼)+ man(人)
复数变化:man→men,同类词:policeman→policemen
duckling /'dʌklɪŋ/
n.
小鸭子
复数:ducklings;合成词:duck(鸭子)+ -ling(表小)
合成词记忆:小鸭子即duck+ling,复数加-s
swan /swɒn/
n.
天鹅
复数:swans
发音联想:“斯旺”,复数直接加-s,结合《丑小鸭》故事记忆
genie /'dʒi:ni/
n.
妖怪;鬼
复数:genies/genii
发音联想:“吉尼”,复数两种形式,记“妖怪genie,复数genies”
emperor /'empərə(r)/
n.
皇帝
复数:emperors;派生词:empire(n. 帝国)
词缀记忆:empire(帝国)+ -or(表人)→帝国的统治者即皇帝
其他核心
hen /hen/
n.
母鸡
复数:hens;短语:lay eggs(下蛋)
形近词:hen与pen(钢笔),母鸡(hen)在钢笔(pen)旁边下蛋,复数加-s
feather /'feðə(r)/
n.
羽毛
复数:feathers
发音联想:“费瑟”,复数加-s,结合天鹅的白色羽毛记忆
net /net/
n.
网;网状物
复数:nets;短语:bite through the net(咬穿网)
形近词:net与pet(宠物),宠物(pet)被网(net)困住,复数加-s
war /wɔ:(r)/
n.
战争
复数:wars;短语:join the war(参加战争)
发音联想:“沃尔”,复数加-s,结合“塞翁失马”中避免战争的情节记忆
hunter /'hʌntə(r)/
n.
猎人;搜寻者
复数:hunters;派生词:hunt(v. 打猎)+ -er(表人)
词缀记忆:hunt(打猎)+ -er→打猎的人即猎人,复数加-s
动词
单词/短语
音标
中文释义
核心搭配
易混辨析
bite /baɪt/
v.
咬;咬伤
bite through(咬穿)
过去式:bit;现在分词:biting;及物/不及物动词,例:The mouse bit the net.(老鼠咬破了网)
decide /dɪ'saɪd/
v.
决定
decide to do sth.(决定做某事)、decide on sth.(就某事达成一致)
派生词:decision(n. 决定),例:He decided to search for a new home.(他决定寻找新家)
search /sɜ:tʃ/
v.
寻找;搜寻
search for sb./sth.(寻找某人/某物)
名词义:搜寻,例:search for a new home(寻找新家),区别于look for(强调动作)
lay /leɪ/
v.
下(蛋);放置;搁
lay eggs(下蛋)、lay sth. on sth.(把某物放在某物上)
过去式:laid;现在分词:laying;区别于lie(躺):过去式lay,现在分词lying
die /daɪ/
v.
死亡;消失
die of/from(死于……)
短暂性动词,不可与时间段连用;派生词:dead(adj. 死的)、death(n. 死亡),例:The plant died.(植物死了)
believe /bɪ'li:v/
v.
相信;认为
believe in sb.(信任某人)、believe that从句
否定前移:I don't believe he is right.(我认为他不对),例:She believed the story was true.(她相信这个故事是真的)
pretend /prɪ'tend/
v.
假装;伪装
pretend to do sth.(假装做某事)、pretend that从句
例:They pretended to make clothes.(他们假装做衣服)
hate /heɪt/
v.
不喜欢;厌恶;讨厌
hate to do/doing sth.(讨厌做某事)、hate sb./sth.(讨厌某人/某物)
反义词:like/love,例:He hates being laughed at.(他讨厌被嘲笑)
promise /'prɒmɪs/
v.&n.
承诺;保证
promise to do sth.(承诺做某事)、make a promise(许下诺言)
例:The mouse promised to help the lion.(老鼠答应帮助狮子)
形容词
单词/短语
音标
中文释义
核心用法
易混辨析
ugly /'ʌgli/
adj.
丑陋的;难看的
作表语或定语,例:What an ugly duckling!(多丑的小鸭子啊!)
反义词:beautiful,例:The ugly duckling became a swan.(丑小鸭变成了天鹅)
rich /rɪtʃ/
adj.
富有的;富含……的
作表语或定语,例:a rich man(富人)、rich in vitamin C(富含维生素C)
反义词:poor(贫穷的);拓展义:肥沃的、丰富多彩的,例:rich soil(肥沃的土壤)
afraid /ə'freɪd/
adj.
害怕的;担心的
be afraid of sb./sth.(害怕某人/某物)、be afraid to do sth.(不敢做某事)
作表语,不可作定语,例:She is afraid of dogs.(她怕狗)
powerful /'paʊəfl/
adj.
强大的;有影响力的
作表语或定语,例:a powerful genie(强大的妖怪)
派生词:power(n. 力量)+ -ful,例:The king was powerful.(国王很有权力)
wise /waɪz/
adj.
明智的;高明的
作表语或定语,例:a wise farmer(明智的农夫)
近义词:clever/smart,派生词:wisdom(n. 智慧)
silly /'sɪli/
adj.
愚蠢的;傻的
作表语或定语,例:look silly(看起来愚蠢)
近义词:foolish,例:No one wanted to look silly.(没人想看起来傻)
副词
单词/短语
音标
中文释义
核心用法
易混辨析
quickly /'kwɪkli/
adv.
快速地;很快
修饰动词,例:The mouse ran quickly.(老鼠跑得快)
形容词:quick(快速的),例:run quickly=at a quick speed
suddenly /'sʌdənli/
adv.
突然地;出乎意料地
修饰动词或整个句子,例:Suddenly, a boy shouted.(突然,一个男孩大喊)
形容词:sudden(突然的),例:all of a sudden=suddenly
hopefully /'həʊpfəli/
adv.
有希望地
修饰动词,例:He asked hopefully.(他满怀希望地问)
派生词:hopeful(adj. 有希望的),例:hopefully=with hope
代词
单词/短语
音标
中文释义
核心用法
易混辨析
someone /'sʌmwʌn/
pron.
某人;有人
用于肯定句,作主语时谓语用单数,例:Someone is coming.(有人来了)
近义词:somebody;拓展义:重要人物,例:She thinks she's someone.(她以为自己是个人物)
anyone /'eniwʌn/
pron.
任何人;某个人
用于否定句/疑问句,肯定句表“无论谁”,例:Did anyone see it?(有人看到吗?)
近义词:anybody,例:Anyone can do it.(任何人都能做)
himself /hɪm'self/
pron.
他自己;他本人
反身代词,作宾语或同位语,例:He taught himself.(他自学)
对应人称代词宾格him,例:by himself(独自)
介词
单词
音标
中文释义
核心用法
易混辨析
upon /ə'pɒn/
prep.
在……上
同义于on,常用于固定短语,例:once upon a time(从前)
区别于on:upon更正式,例:put sth. upon the table=put sth. on the table
兼类词
类别
单词/短语
音标
中文释义
核心用法
兼类词
lie /laɪ/
v. 撒谎;躺;n. 谎言
撒谎:过去式lied,现在分词lying;躺:过去式lay,现在分词lying;名词:tell lies(说谎)
例:He lied to me.(他对我撒谎)、She lay on the bed.(她躺在床上)
praise /preɪz/
v.&n. 赞美;表扬
动词:praise sb. for sth.(因某事表扬某人);名词:win high praise(赢得高度赞扬)
例:People praised the emperor's clothes.(人们夸赞皇帝的衣服)
smile /smaɪl/
v. 微笑;n. 微笑
动词:smile at sb.(对某人微笑);名词:a big smile(灿烂的微笑)
例:She smiled and nodded.(她微笑着点头)
set /set/
v. 使处于;使开始;创立
过去式/过去分词:set;短语:set free(释放)、set up(创立)
例:Set the bird free.(释放那只鸟)、set a rule(制定规则)
03 核心短语与词块
短语
中文释义
例句
考点提示
once upon a time
从前;很久以前
Once upon a time, there was an emperor.(从前,有一位皇帝。)
一般过去时的标志,用于故事开头,同义于long long ago
bite through
咬穿
The mouse bit through the net.(老鼠咬破了网。)
bite的过去式为bit,注意不规则变化
at first
起初;最初
At first, no one dared to tell the truth.(起初,没人敢说真话。)
反义词组:in the end(最后),常与一般过去时连用
tell the truth
说实话
The boy dared to tell the truth.(那个男孩敢说真话。)
反义短语:tell lies(说谎),truth为不可数名词
get out
逃脱;离开
The lion got out of the net.(狮子逃出了网。)
拓展短语:get out of(从……逃脱)
all over
到处;遍及
There were paintings all over the room.(房间里到处都是画。)
同义短语:all around,例:all over the world(全世界)
go away
走开
The ducklings told the ugly duckling to go away.(小鸭子们让丑小鸭走开。)
例:Go away! I don't want to see you.(走开!我不想见你。)
search for
寻找
He searched for a new home.(他寻找一个新家。)
区别于look for:search for更强调“搜寻”的过程,look for强调“找”的动作
only if
只有
You are welcome only if you can lay eggs.(只有你会下蛋,才受欢迎。)
引导条件状语从句,位于句首时主谓倒装,例:Only if you work hard can you succeed.
come out
出现;盛开
The stars came out at night.(星星在夜晚出现。)
拓展义:出版、真相大白,例:The book came out last month.(这本书上个月出版了)
succeed in doing sth.
成功做成某事
He succeeded in saving himself.(他成功救了自己。)
不可说succeed to do sth.,例:succeed in passing the exam(成功通过考试)
set...free
释放
The fisherman set the genie free.(渔夫释放了妖怪。)
set的过去式仍为set,例:set the bird free(释放那只鸟)
instead of
而不是;代替
He went alone instead of with his friends.(他独自去了,而不是和朋友一起。)
后接名词、代词或动名词,例:instead of playing(而不是玩耍)
make money
赚钱
They wanted to make money by lying.(他们想通过撒谎赚钱。)
同义短语:earn money,例:make money by working hard(通过努力工作赚钱)
laugh at
嘲笑
Don't laugh at others.(不要嘲笑别人。)
laugh为不及物动词,at为介词,后接宾语,例:laugh at the ugly duckling(嘲笑丑小鸭)
to one's surprise
出乎某人的意料
To his surprise, he was a swan.(令他惊讶的是,他是一只天鹅。)
surprise为名词,例:to my surprise(令我惊讶的是)
used to
过去常常(做)
He used to live in the village.(他过去住在村子里。)
后接动词原形,否定式:didn't use to/usedn't to
04 核心句型
承诺与假装
句型结构
中文含义
例句
考点提示
sb. promise to do sth.
某人承诺做某事
The mouse promised to help the lion.(老鼠答应帮助狮子。)
promise后接不定式,不可接动名词,否定式:promise not to do sth.
sb. pretend to do sth.
某人假装做某事
They pretended to make clothes.(他们假装做衣服。)
pretend后接不定式,例:pretend to be asleep(假装睡着)
一般过去时的疑问句
句型结构
中文含义
例句
考点提示
-Did sb. do sth.?
-Yes, sb. did./No, sb. didn't.
-某人做了某事吗?
-是的,做了。/不,没做。
-Did you read The Emperor's New Clothes?
-Yes, I did.(—你读《皇帝的新装》了吗?—是的,我读了。)
助动词用did,实义动词用原形,回答用did/didn't
-How did sb. do sth.?
-Sb. did sth. by doing...
-某人是如何做某事的?
-某人通过……做了某事。
-How did the mouse help the lion?
-It bit through the net.(—老鼠是如何帮助狮子的?—它咬破了网。)
特殊疑问词用how,回答用by+动名词表方式
-What did sb. do?
-Sb. did sth.
-某人做了什么?
-某人做了某事。
-What did the brothers do?
-They lied to the emperor.(—兄弟俩做了什么?—他们对皇帝撒谎了。)
特殊疑问词用what,实义动词用原形
What引导的感叹句
句型结构
中文含义
例句
考点提示
What a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数(+ 主语 + 谓语)!
多么……的一个……啊!
What an ugly duckling!(多丑的一只小鸭子啊!)
形容词以辅音音素开头用a,元音音素开头用an
What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数(+ 主语 + 谓语)!
多么……的……啊!
What beautiful swans!(多么美丽的天鹅啊!)
名词为复数,不加a/an
What + 形容词 + 不可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)!
多么……的……啊!
What delicious food!(多么美味的食物啊!)
不可数名词前不加a/an,谓语用单数
原因状语从句与否定并列
句型结构
中文含义
例句
考点提示
sb. didn't do sth. because...
某人没做某事因为……
They didn't like him because he couldn't lay eggs.(他们不喜欢他,因为他不会下蛋。)
because引导原因状语从句,不可与so连用
sb. can't/didn't...or...
某人既不能/没……也不……
He couldn't purr or lay eggs.(他既不能发出呜呜声,也不会下蛋。)
not...or...表否定并列,相当于neither...nor...
固定句型
句型结构
中文含义
例句
考点提示
It took sb. some time to do sth.
某人花费多长时间做某事
It took me months to learn to paint a horse.(我花了几个月时间才学会画马。)
it为形式主语,真正主语是不定式to do sth.
It made sb. + adj.
使某人感到……
It made the duckling sad.(这让小鸭子很伤心。)
make后接形容词作宾补,例:make sb. happy(让某人开心)
05 重点语法
语法1:一般过去时(2)
详细讲解
本单元重点学习一般过去时的特殊疑问句及与一般现在时的区别。
考向
规则
例句
一般过去时的特殊疑问句
1. 含be动词:特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 其他?
2. 含实义动词:特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
3. 特殊疑问词作主语:特殊疑问词 + 动词过去式 + 其他?
1. -Where was the emperor? -He was in the street.(—皇帝在哪里?—他在街上。)
2. -What did you do yesterday? -I read a story.(—你昨天做了什么?—我读了一个故事。)
3. -Who told you the story? -My teacher.(—谁给你讲的这个故事?—我的老师。)
一般过去时与一般现在时的区别
1. 用法:
- 一般过去时:描述过去发生的动作/状态(一次性、已完成)
- 一般现在时:描述经常性动作、客观事实或现在状态
2. 时间状语:
- 一般过去时:last week、yesterday、the day before yesterday、once upon a time
- 一般现在时:every day、usually、often、always
3. 谓语动词:
- 一般过去时:用动词过去式(规则/不规则变化)
- 一般现在时:主语为三单时动词用三单形式,其余用原形
一般过去时:She went to the farm last month.(她上个月去了农场。)
一般现在时:She goes to the farm every summer.(她每年夏天去农场。)
巧学妙记
一般过去时特殊疑问,先找疑问词放句首;
含be动词was/were提前,实义动词did来辅助;
动词原形跟后面,回答简洁用did/didn't;
现在过去要分清,时间状语是关键。
典例
1. 选词填空:-How ______ you ______(go)to school yesterday? -I ______(ride)a bike.
2. 句型转换:He read a story last night.(对画线部分提问)→ ______ ______ he ______ last night?
3. 完成句子:______(谁)told you the truth?
4. 单项选择:-What ______ your father ______ before? -He was a teacher.( )
A. did;do B. does;do C. is;doing D. will;do
5. 翻译:她过去常常步行上学。→ She ______ ______ ______ to school.
06 考点速记
一、词汇类考点
考点1:易混词辨析(lie/lay;real/true;instead/instead of)
详细讲解
易混组
核心区别
用法
例句
lie
撒谎:v.,过去式lied,现在分词lying;
躺:v.,过去式lay,现在分词lying;
谎言:n.,复数lies
撒谎:lie to sb.;
躺:lie down;
谎言:tell lies
撒谎:He lied about his age.(他在年龄上撒谎。)
躺:She lay on the grass.(她躺在草地上。)
谎言:Don't tell lies.(不要说谎。)
lay
下蛋;放置:v.,过去式laid,现在分词laying
lay eggs(下蛋);lay sth. on sth.(放置某物)
下蛋:The hen lays an egg every day.(这只母鸡每天下一个蛋。)
放置:He laid his bag on the desk.(他把包放在桌上。)
real
强调“真实存在的”,非虚构的
作定语或表语,修饰人/物
This is a real diamond.(这是一颗真钻石。)
true
强调“符合事实的”,非编造的
作表语或定语,修饰事实/说法
His story is true.(他的故事是真的。)
instead
副词,“代替;反而”,位于句首/句末
单独使用,用逗号与句子隔开
He didn't come. Instead, he sent a letter.(他没来,反而寄了一封信。)
instead of
介词短语,“而不是”,位于句中
后接名词/代词/动名词
He works hard instead of playing.(他努力工作而不是玩耍。)
典例
1. 选词填空:She ______(lay/lie)on the sofa and told me a ______(lie/lay).
2. 句型转换:He used his phone instead of his computer.(改为同义句)→ He didn't use his computer. ______,he used his phone.
3. 完成句子:这是一个______(真实的故事),不是虚构的。→ This is a ______ story, not a made-up one.
4. 单项选择:The bird ______ two eggs yesterday.( )
A. lay B. laid C. lied D. lies
5. 改错:He is instead of his brother to attend the meeting.
考点2:易混短语辨析(at first/first of all;search for/look for;laugh at/smile at)
详细讲解
易混组
核心区别
用法
例句
at first
起初;起先,强调“最初阶段”,与后来情况对比
常用于故事叙述,与but/however连用
At first, I didn't understand. But later I got it.(起初我不懂,后来明白了。)
first of all
首先;第一,强调“顺序上的第一”,引出系列内容
用于列举理由、步骤
First of all, open the book. Then read aloud.(首先打开书,然后大声读。)
search for
搜寻;寻找,强调“仔细搜寻”的过程
后接搜寻对象,可指具体或抽象事物
They searched for the missing child everywhere.(他们到处搜寻失踪的孩子。)
look for
寻找,强调“找”的动作,不强调结果
后接寻找对象,侧重表面动作
He is looking for his keys.(他在找钥匙。)
laugh at
嘲笑;取笑,含贬义
后接被嘲笑的人/物
Don't laugh at people with disabilities.(不要嘲笑残疾人。)
smile at
对……微笑,含善意
后接微笑的对象
She smiled at me politely.(她礼貌地对我微笑。)
典例
1. 选词填空:______(At first/First of all),we need to prepare materials. Then we start to make it.
2. 句型转换:They looked for the dog for hours.(改为同义句)→ They ______ ______ the dog for hours.
3. 完成句子:______(起初),no one believed the boy. But finally everyone agreed with him.
4. 单项选择:She ______ him because he made a silly mistake.( )
A. smiled at B. laughed at C. looked at D. shouted at
5. 改错:First of all, I thought he was right. But later I found he lied.
二、语音类考点
考点3:字母组合ch、ph、sh、th、wh的读音
详细讲解
字母组合
发音
例词
ch
/tʃ/
chair(椅子)、chick(小鸡)、teach(教)、chocolate(巧克力)
ph
/f/
phone(电话)、photo(照片)、elephant(象)、physics(物理学)
sh
/ʃ/
she(她)、fish(鱼)、wash(洗)、ship(船)、short(短的)
th
/θ/(清辅音)
think(想)、thin(瘦的)、maths(数学)、three(三)、tooth(牙齿)
/ð/(浊辅音)
with(和)、brother(兄弟)、those(那些)、then(然后)
wh
/w/
what(什么)、when(什么时候)、white(白色)、where(在哪里)
/h/
who(谁)、whose(谁的)、whole(整个的)
典例
1. 选词填空:Which word has the same sound as "phone"?( )
A. chair B. photo C. fish D. three
2. 句型转换:写出一个th发/ð/音的单词:______
3. 完成句子:"wh"在"who"中发 ______ 音,在"what"中发 ______ 音。
4. 单项选择:Which word has a different sound?( )
A. teach B. chocolate C. school D. chick
5. 翻译:写出一个sh发/ʃ/音的单词:______
考点4:音的同化
详细讲解
· 定义:两个相邻音相互影响,发生音变,常见“/t+y/→/tʃ/”“/d+y/→/dʒ/”
· 例:Nice to meet you.(meet you 连读为 /mi:tʃu:/);Would you like some tea?(Would you 连读为 /wʊdʒu:/)
典例
1. 选词填空:"Nice to meet you" is pronounced as /naɪs tu: ______/.( )
A. mi:t ju: B. mi:tʃu: C. mi:t ju D. mi:tʃju:
2. 句型转换:将“Would you come?”的连读形式写出来:______
3. 完成句子:音的同化是指相邻音相互影响,例如“did you”连读为 ______。
07 语篇解读
核心语篇梳理
语篇类型
核心内容
阅读策略
寓言(Section A 1b/1c)
狮子与老鼠(互帮互助)、塞翁失马(辩证看待事物)
提取故事起因、经过、结果,理解寓言寓意,关注一般过去时的运用
童话(Section A 2a)
《皇帝的新装》(诚实的可贵,摒弃虚伪)
分析人物性格(皇帝的虚荣、男孩的勇敢),抓住对话中的情感表达
童话(Section B 1b)
《丑小鸭》(坚持自我,不以貌取人)
梳理丑小鸭的情感变化(伤心→希望→惊喜),注意not...or...等句型
寓言(Section B 2a)
渔夫和妖怪(用智慧战胜邪恶)
关注故事冲突(妖怪的愤怒→渔夫的机智),理解“succeed in doing sth.”的用法
长难句剖析
1. It made the poor duckling very sad, so he decided to search for a new home.
· 解析:前半句为主谓宾补结构,make sb. sad 表“让某人伤心”;后半句 decide to do sth. 表“决定做某事”;so 连接因果关系;整句意为“这让可怜的小鸭子非常伤心,所以他决定寻找一个新家。”
2. To his surprise, he saw that he was a beautiful white swan too!
· 解析:to his surprise 为评注性状语,表“令他惊讶的是”;that 引导宾语从句;整句意为“令他惊讶的是,他发现自己也是一只美丽的白天鹅!”
3. If someone set me free, I would make them rich and powerful.
· 解析:if 引导虚拟条件句,表“如果”;set sb. free 表“释放某人”;rich and powerful 为形容词短语作宾补;整句意为“如果有人释放我,我会让他们变得富有而强大。”
08 写作指导(结构+模板+词句积累)
写作主题
1. 讲述一个经典故事(如寓言、童话);
2. 为故事编写一个合理的结局;
3. 结合故事谈启示或感悟。
写作结构(故事写作模板)
开头:交代背景(时间、地点、人物)
· Once upon a time, there was/were ______(人物)in ______(地点). He/She/They ______(初始状态).(从前,在……有……。他/她/他们……。)
· Long ago, a ______(人物)lived ______(地点). He/She liked ______(爱好)and always ______(习惯).(很久以前,一个……住在……。他/她喜欢……,总是……。)
中间:叙述情节(起因→经过→结果)
1. 起因:One day, ______(事件)happened. It made him/her ______(情感).(有一天,……发生了。这让他/她……。)
2. 经过:At first, ______(初始反应). But then, ______(转折). He/She decided to ______(行动). On the way, ______(遇到的困难/帮助).(起初,……。但后来,……。他/她决定……。在路上,……。)
3. 结果:Finally, ______(结局). Everyone ______(他人反应).(最后,……。所有人都……。)
结尾:点明寓意/感悟
· From this story, I learn that ______(寓意). We should ______(启示).(从这个故事中,我学到……。我们应该……。)
· The story tells us that ______(寓意). No matter what happens, we should ______(启示).(这个故事告诉我们……。无论发生什么,我们都应该……。)
高频词句积累
类别
核心词汇/句型
故事背景
once upon a time(从前)、long ago(很久以前)、in a small village(在一个小村庄)、there was/were(有)
情节描述
happen(发生)、decide to do(决定做)、try one's best(尽最大努力)、succeed in(成功)、finally(最后)、at first(起初)、but(但是)、however(然而)
情感表达
sad(伤心的)、happy(开心的)、afraid(害怕的)、brave(勇敢的)、surprised(惊讶的)、proud(骄傲的)
寓意表达
tell the truth(说实话)、help each other(互帮互助)、never give up(永不放弃)、don't judge by appearance(不以貌取人)、use wisdom(运用智慧)
核心句型
What an...!、It made sb. adj.、She/He decided to do sth.、In the end,...、From this story, I learn that...
范文示例(The Ugly Duckling Retold)
The Ugly Duckling Retold
Once upon a time, there was a mother duck with six little ducklings. Five of them were small and yellow, but the sixth was big and grey. The other ducklings laughed at him and called him "ugly".
At first, the ugly duckling felt very sad. He tried to make friends, but no one wanted to play with him. So he decided to search for a new home. He met a cat and a hen, but they didn't like him because he couldn't purr or lay eggs.
One cold winter day, the duckling found a lake. He saw three beautiful swans and wished he could look like them. To his surprise, when he looked into the water, he saw a white swan staring back at him! He was a swan all along!
Finally, the ugly duckling joined the swans. Everyone welcomed him. From this story, I learn that we shouldn't judge others by their appearance. Everyone has their own value, and we should never give up hope.
09 过关练习
一、单词适当形式填空(每小题2分,共10分)
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Once upon a time, a farmer ______(lose)his horse.
2. The mouse ______(bite)through the net and saved the lion.
3. She ______(pretend)to be ill so she didn't have to go to school.
4. The fisherman ______(set)the genie free and the genie promised to help him.
5. The ugly duckling ______(become)a beautiful swan at last.
二、根据音标写单词(每小题2分,共10分)
根据所给音标写出对应的单词。
1. /tru:θ/ ______
2. /'ʌgli/ ______
3. /'fɪʃəmən/ ______
4. /prɪ'tend/ ______
5. /'paʊəfl/ ______
三、单项选择(每小题2分,共20分)
1. —______ did the mouse help the lion? —It bit through the net.( )
A. How B. What C. When D. Where
2. He ______ to help me, but he never did.( )
A. promised B. promise C. promises D. promising
3. At first, I didn't like the story, but ______ I found it interesting.( )
A. first of all B. in the end C. instead of D. because of
4. Don't ______ others. It's not polite.( )
A. smile at B. look at C. laugh at D. shout at
5. —Did you ______ the story of The Fisherman and the Genie? —Yes, it's very interesting.( )
A. read B. reads C. reading D. readed
6. The hen ______ two eggs yesterday.( )
A. lie B. laid C. lay D. lied
7. It ______ me two hours to finish reading the story.( )
A. took B. takes C. take D. will take
8. To his ______, he won the first prize in the story-telling competition.( )
A. surprise B. surprised C. surprising D. surprises
9. He used to ______ in the village, but now he lives in the city.( )
A. live B. lives C. lived D. living
10. —Who ______ you the story? —My grandma. She is good at telling stories.( )
A. tell B. tells C. told D. telling
四、句型转换(每小题4分,共20分)
1. He read a story last night.(改为一般疑问句)→ ______ he ______ a story last night?
2. The mouse bit through the net.(对画线部分提问)→ ______ ______ the mouse ______ through the net?
3. They pretended to make clothes.(改为否定句)→ They ______ ______ to make clothes.
4. It took her three days to write the story.(对画线部分提问)→ ______ ______ ______ it take her to write the story?
5. The boy told the truth.(改为感叹句)→ ______ ______ ______ the boy told!
五、短文填空(每小题2分,共10分)
用方框中所给词的适当形式填空,使短文通顺完整。(有两项多余)
once、lie、decide、search、find、become、help、surprise、free、success、laugh、tell
______ upon a time, there was a genie in a bottle. A fisherman ______ the bottle and opened it. The genie ______ to kill the fisherman because he was angry. The fisherman was smart. He ______ to use his wisdom. He asked the genie to show how he got into the small bottle. The genie ______ into the bottle. The fisherman quickly closed the bottle and didn't set him ______ until the genie promised to ______ him. In the end, the fisherman ______ in saving himself. The story ______ us that wisdom is more powerful than strength. To our ______, the angry genie ______ a kind helper at last.
六、短文改错(每小题2分,共10分)
找出短文中的错误并改正(每句一处错误)。
1. He lie to his parents because he didn't want to go to school.( )______
2. It spent me an hour to finish the homework.( )______
3. At first, I didn't know him, but first of all I made friends with him.( )______
4. She smiled at me because I made a mistake.( )______
5. The ugly duckling finally became a beautiful swan. It was surprise.( )______
七、完形填空(每小题3分,共15分)
Once upon a time, there was a king who loved clothes very much. He spent all his money on clothes. One day, two brothers came to the palace. They 1______ the king that they could make magical clothes. Only clever people could see them. The king was very 2______ and asked them to make the clothes.
The brothers pretended to work. They asked for a lot of gold and silk, but they didn't make any clothes. After a few days, the king sent an official to 3______ the clothes. The official couldn't see anything, but he was afraid to look silly. So he 4______ the clothes.
Finally, the king went to see the clothes himself. He couldn't see anything either, but he praised the clothes. He decided to show the clothes to the people. On the street, everyone praised the clothes. Suddenly, a little boy 5______, "The king has no clothes on!" Everyone laughed. The king felt very embarrassed.
1. A. told B. said C. spoke D. talked
2. A. sad B. angry C. happy D. afraid
3. A. look B. watch C. see D. read
4. A. praised B. laughed at C. looked at D. shouted at
5. A. cried B. smiled C. asked D. answered
八、阅读理解(每小题3分,共15分)
The Fisherman and the Genie
Once upon a time, a poor fisherman caught a bottle in his net. When he opened it, a genie came out. The genie was very angry. "I was in the bottle for 100 years!" he shouted. "I promised to make the first person who set me free rich. But no one came. Now I will kill you!"
The fisherman was scared, but he thought quickly. "Wait!" he said. "Your body is so big. How could you fit in this small bottle?" The genie wanted to show him. He turned into smoke and went back into the bottle. The fisherman quickly closed the bottle.
"Now you can't kill me!" the fisherman said. The genie was angry but helpless. "Let me go!" he shouted. "I will make you rich." The fisherman didn't believe him at first. But the genie promised again and again. Finally, the fisherman set him free.
The genie kept his promise. He took the fisherman to a secret island. There were many gold coins there. The fisherman became rich. He learned that wisdom is more powerful than strength.
根据短文内容,选择正确答案。
1. Why was the genie angry?( )
A. He didn't like the fisherman. B. He was in the bottle for a long time.
C. The fisherman didn't set him free. D. He lost his gold coins.
2. What did the fisherman do to save himself?( )
A. He fought with the genie. B. He asked others for help.
C. He used his wisdom to trick the genie. D. He ran away quickly.
3. What did the genie promise the fisherman at last?( )
A. To kill him. B. To make him rich.
C. To take him to an island. D. To give him a bottle.
4. How did the fisherman become rich?( )
A. He found gold coins in the bottle. B. The genie gave him gold coins.
C. He sold the genie. D. He found a secret island with gold coins.
5. What can we learn from the story?( )
A. Strength is more important than wisdom. B. We should keep our promises.
C. We should not be afraid of angry people. D. Wisdom is more powerful than strength.
九、书面表达(共20分)
请以“The Lion and the Mouse”为题,重述这个寓言故事,并谈谈你的感悟。
要求:
1. 运用一般过去时和核心句型(Once upon a time、decide to do、succeed in、From this story...);
2. 包含故事的起因、经过、结果,情节完整;
3. 语句通顺,语法正确,不少于80词。
答案与解析
一、重点语法典例答案与解析
语法1:一般过去时(2)
1. 答案:did;go;rode
解析:yesterday 是一般过去时标志,疑问句用 did+动词原形 go,ride 的过去式为 rode。
2. 答案:What did;do
解析:对“做的事情”提问用 what,一般过去时用 did+动词原形 do。
3. 答案:Who
解析:对“人”提问用 who,作主语,后接动词过去式。
4. 答案:A
解析:before 是一般过去时标志,问句用 did+动词原形 do,故选 A。
5. 答案:used to walk
解析:“过去常常步行”译为 used to walk,used to 后接动词原形。
二、考点速记典例答案与解析
考点1:易混词辨析
1. 答案:lay;lie
解析:第一空“躺”用 lie 的过去式 lay;第二空“谎言”用名词 lie。
2. 答案:Instead
解析:instead 单独使用,位于句首,用逗号隔开,表“反而”。
3. 答案:true
解析:“真实的故事”强调符合事实,用 true,区别于 real(真实存在的)。
4. 答案:B
解析:“下蛋”用 lay 的过去式 laid,故选 B。
5. 答案:He is instead of his brother to attend the meeting.(is 去掉,改为 goes)
解析:instead of 是介词短语,不可直接接不定式,应改为 He goes instead of his brother to attend the meeting.
考点2:易混短语辨析
1. 答案:First of all
解析:此处表“顺序上的第一”,引出步骤,用 first of all。
2. 答案:searched for
解析:search for 与 look for 同义,此处用一般过去时 searched for。
3. 答案:At first
解析:表“起初”,与后来情况对比,用 at first。
4. 答案:B
解析:“因为犯傻错而被嘲笑”,laugh at 表“嘲笑”,故选 B。
5. 答案:At first, I thought he was right. But later I found he lied.
解析:此处表“起初”,与 later 对比,用 at first,first of all 改为 at first。
考点3:字母组合读音
1. 答案:B
解析:phone 中 ph 发 /f/,photo 中 ph 也发 /f/,故选 B。
2. 答案:with/brother/those
解析:th 发 /ð/ 的单词有 with、brother 等,任选其一。
3. 答案:/h/;/w/
解析:who 中 wh 发 /h/,what 中 wh 发 /w/。
4. 答案:C
解析:school 中 ch 发 /k/,其余选项中 ch 发 /tʃ/,故选 C。
5. 答案:fish/wash/ship
解析:sh 发 /ʃ/ 的单词有 fish、wash 等,任选其一。
考点4:音的同化
1. 答案:B
解析:meet you 连读为 /mi:tʃu:/,故选 B。
2. 答案:/wʊdʒu kʌm/
解析:Would you 连读为 /wʊdʒu/,come 发音为 /kʌm/。
3. 答案:/dɪdʒu/
解析:did you 连读为 /dɪdʒu/。
三、过关练习答案与解析
一、单词适当形式填空
1. 答案:lost
解析:once upon a time 是一般过去时标志,lose 的过去式为 lost。
2. 答案:bit
解析:bite 的过去式为 bit,描述过去发生的动作。
3. 答案:pretended
解析:描述过去的动作,pretend 的过去式为 pretended。
4. 答案:set
解析:set 的过去式仍为 set,“释放妖怪”用 set the genie free。
5. 答案:became
解析:at last 是一般过去时标志,become 的过去式为 became。
二、根据音标写单词
1. 答案:truth
解析:音标 /tru:θ/ 对应单词 truth(真相)。
2. 答案:ugly
解析:音标 /'ʌgli/ 对应单词 ugly(丑陋的)。
3. 答案:fisherman
解析:音标 /'fɪʃəmən/ 对应单词 fisherman(渔夫)。
4. 答案:pretend
解析:音标 /prɪ'tend/ 对应单词 pretend(假装)。
5. 答案:powerful
解析:音标 /'paʊəfl/ 对应单词 powerful(强大的)。
三、单项选择
1. 答案:A
解析:答语表方式,用 how 提问,故选 A。
2. 答案:A
解析:but 后 did 表过去,前句也用一般过去时,promise 的过去式为 promised,故选 A。
3. 答案:B
解析:表“最后”,与 at first 对比,用 in the end,故选 B。
4. 答案:C
解析:“嘲笑他人不礼貌”,laugh at 表“嘲笑”,故选 C。
5. 答案:A
解析:助动词 Did 后接动词原形,故选 A。
6. 答案:B
解析:“下蛋”用 lay 的过去式 laid,故选 B。
7. 答案:A
解析:描述过去发生的事情,用 take 的过去式 took,故选 A。
8. 答案:A
解析:to one's surprise 为固定短语,故选 A。
9. 答案:A
解析:used to 后接动词原形,故选 A。
10. 答案:C
解析:描述过去发生的动作,用 tell 的过去式 told,故选 C。
四、句型转换
1. 答案:Did;read
解析:一般过去时的一般疑问句,助动词用 Did,实义动词用原形 read。
2. 答案:What did;bite
解析:对“物”提问用 what,一般过去时用 did+动词原形 bite。
3. 答案:didn't pretend
解析:一般过去时的否定句,助动词用 didn't,实义动词用原形 pretend。
4. 答案:How long did
解析:对“时间长度”提问用 how long,一般过去时用 did。
5. 答案:What a truth
解析:感叹句结构为 What a+可数名词单数,truth 为可数名词。
五、短文填空
1. 答案:Once
解析:once upon a time 为固定短语,表“从前”。
2. 答案:found
解析:“发现瓶子”用 find 的过去式 found。
3. 答案:decided
解析:“决定杀死”用 decide 的过去式 decided。
4. 答案:decided
解析:“决定运用智慧”用 decide 的过去式 decided。
5. 答案:lied
解析:“躺进瓶子”用 lie 的过去式 lied(此处指“进入瓶子”,用 lie 的“躺”的含义,过去式为 lay,修正:lay)
(修正:5. lay)
6. 答案:free
解析:set sb. free 为固定短语,表“释放某人”。
7. 答案:help
解析:promise to 后接动词原形 help。
8. 答案:succeeded
解析:succeed in doing sth. 用 succeed 的过去式 succeeded。
9. 答案:tells
解析:故事寓意用一般现在时,主语 the story 为三单,用 tells。
10. 答案:surprise
解析:to our surprise 为固定短语,表“令我们惊讶的是”。
六、短文改错
1. 答案:He lied to his parents because he didn't want to go to school.(lie→lied)
解析:描述过去的动作,lie(撒谎)的过去式为 lied。
2. 答案:It took me an hour to finish the homework.(spent→took)
解析:It takes sb. time to do sth. 为固定句型,spent 改为 took。
3. 答案:At first, I didn't know him, but in the end I made friends with him.(first of all→in the end)
解析:与 at first 对比,用 in the end,表“最后”。
4. 答案:She laughed at me because I made a mistake.(smiled→laughed)
解析:“犯错误被嘲笑”,smiled 改为 laughed。
5. 答案:The ugly duckling finally became a beautiful swan. It was a surprise.(surprise→a surprise)
解析:surprise 为可数名词,前面加 a。
七、完形填空
1. 答案:A
解析:“告诉国王”用 tell 的过去式 told,said 后接宾语从句,talked 后接 to/with,故选 A。
2. 答案:C
解析:国王喜欢衣服,听到能做魔法衣服很开心,故选 C。
3. 答案:C
解析:“看衣服”用 see,强调“看的结果”,look 后接 at,watch 表“观看”,故选 C。
4. 答案:A
解析:官员不敢说看不见,所以夸赞衣服,故选 A。
5. 答案:A
解析:男孩大声喊出真相,cried 表“大喊”,故选 A。
八、阅读理解
1. 答案:B
解析:由“I was in the bottle for 100 years!”可知,妖怪生气是因为在瓶子里待了很久,故选 B。
2. 答案:C
解析:渔夫用智慧让妖怪回到瓶子里,故选 C。
3. 答案:B
解析:由“I will make you rich”可知,妖怪承诺让他富有,故选 B。
4. 答案:D
解析:由“There were many gold coins there”可知,渔夫在秘密岛上找到金币,故选 D。
5. 答案:D
解析:由“He learned that wisdom is more powerful than strength”可知,智慧比力量强大,故选 D。
九、书面表达(参考范文)
The Lion and the Mouse
Once upon a time, there was a big lion in the forest. One day, he caught a small mouse. The mouse was afraid and promised to help the lion one day. The lion laughed at the small mouse but let him go.
A few weeks later, the lion was caught in a hunter's net. He tried to get out but failed. Just then, the mouse heard his roar. He ran to the lion and bit through the net with his sharp teeth. The lion got out safely.
From this story, I learn that everyone can help others, no matter how big or small they are. We should be kind to others because kindness is never wasted. Sometimes small friends can give us great help when we are in trouble.
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