内容正文:
Unit 3 Keep Fit(知识清单)
英语人教版 七年级下册
01 单元核心定位
单元核心
· 主题范畴:人与社会—文学、艺术与体育
· 核心问题:How do we keep fit?(我们怎样保持健康?)
· 价值引领:Exercise shapes your body and mind.(锻炼能塑造你的身心)
学习目标
1. 能谈论常见体育运动及锻炼方式,使用频度副词描述运动频率;
2. 能运用名词性物主代词确定物品归属,完成相关对话与写作;
3. 掌握字母i、y及组合ie的发音规则,理解句子重音模式;
4. 能撰写与运动健康相关的短文,介绍喜爱的运动、频率及益处,增强健康意识。
02 核心词汇体系
名词
类别
单词/短语
音标
中文释义
核心拓展(复数/词缀/易混)
记忆方法
运动器材
baseball /'beɪsbɔ:l/
n.
棒球(运动)
复数:baseballs;短语:play baseball(打棒球)、baseball glove(棒球手套)
合成词记忆:base(底座)+ ball(球),棒球运动需在底座区域进行,复数加-s
badminton /'bædmɪntən/
n.
羽毛球运动
复数:badmintons;短语:play badminton(打羽毛球)、badminton racket(羽毛球拍)
发音联想:“巴德明顿”,音译记忆,复数加-s
volleyball /'vɒlibɔ:l/
n.
排球(运动)
复数:volleyballs;短语:play volleyball(打排球)
合成词记忆:volley(截击)+ ball(球),排球运动常涉及截击动作,复数加-s
racket /'rækɪt/
n.
(网球、羽毛球等的)球拍
复数:rackets;短语:tennis racket(网球拍)、ping-pong bat(乒乓球拍)
形近词联想:racket与rocket(火箭),球拍(racket)挥动如火箭般迅猛,复数加-s
glove /ɡlʌv/
n.
(手指分开的)手套
复数:gloves;短语:a pair of gloves(一副手套)
成对记忆:gloves常以复数形式出现,类似chopsticks(筷子),记“一副手套two gloves”
rope /rəʊp/
n.
绳子;粗绳
复数:ropes;短语:jump rope(跳绳)
发音联想:“柔普”,结合跳绳场景记忆,复数加-s
mat /mæt/
n.
(运动用的)垫子
复数:mats;短语:exercise mat(健身垫)
形近词联想:mat与cat(猫),健身垫(mat)上可做运动,猫(cat)可在上面休息,复数加-s
运动相关
skateboard /'skeɪtbɔ:d/
n.
滑板
复数:skateboards;派生词:skateboarding(滑板运动)
合成词记忆:skate(滑冰)+ board(板),用于滑冰的板子即滑板,复数加-s
trick /trɪk/
n.
技巧;戏法
复数:tricks;短语:do tricks(做技巧动作)
发音联想:“垂克”,结合滑板技巧动作记忆,复数加-s
goal /ɡəʊl/
n.
目标;目的;球门;进球得分
复数:goals;短语:achieve a goal(实现目标)、score a goal(进球)
多义记忆:运动中“进球”(goal)是“目标”(goal)的一种,复数加-s
sit-up /'sɪtʌp/
n.
仰卧起坐
复数:sit-ups;短语:do sit-ups(做仰卧起坐)
合成词记忆:sit(坐)+ up(向上),坐起的动作即仰卧起坐,复数加-s
match /mætʃ/
n.
比赛;竞赛;火柴
复数:matches;短语:play a match(参加比赛)、a box of matches(一盒火柴)
多义记忆:“比赛”(match)需要“火柴”(match)点燃热情,复数加-es
team /ti:m/
n.
队;组
复数:teams;短语:a football team(足球队)、work as a team(团队合作)
形近词联想:team与teach(教),团队(team)需要老师(teach)指导,复数加-s
其他核心
energy /'enədʒi/
n.
精力;能量
不可数名词;派生词:energetic(adj. 精力充沛的);短语:full of energy(充满精力)
语境记忆:运动后充满能量(energy),energetic是形容词形式,记“有能量的人是精力充沛的”
progress /'prəʊɡres/
n.
进步;进展
不可数名词;短语:make progress(取得进步)
词缀记忆:pro-(向前)+ gress(行走),向前行走即进步,不可数名词无复数
teenager /'ti:neɪdʒə(r)/
n.
青少年(13岁至19岁之间)
复数:teenagers;派生词:teenage(adj. 青少年的)
拆分记忆:teen(十几岁)+ age(年龄)+ r,十几岁年龄的人即青少年,复数加-s
动词
单词/短语
音标
中文释义
核心搭配
易混辨析
jog /dʒɒɡ/
v.
慢跑
go jogging(去慢跑)、jog in the park(在公园慢跑)
jog(慢跑)vs run(快跑),例:He jogs every morning, but he runs fast on weekends
belong /bɪ'lɒŋ/
v.
应在(某处);属于(某人)
belong to sb.(属于某人)
后接人称代词宾格,不可接名词所有格,例:The book belongs to me(not mine)
succeed /sək'si:d/
v.
成功;达到目标
succeed in(doing)sth.(在做某事上成功)
不及物动词,不可直接接宾语,例:succeed in passing the exam(通过考试)
encourage /ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ/
v.
鼓励;激励
encourage sb. to do sth.(鼓励某人做某事)
后接不定式作宾补,例:Teachers encourage us to exercise more
lose /lu:z/
v.
输掉;丢失
lose a match(输掉比赛)、lose sth.(丢失某物)、lose weight(减肥)
过去式/过去分词:lost;易混:lose(输掉)vs miss(错过),例:lose the game(输比赛)vs miss the game(错过比赛)
excuse /ɪk'skju:z/
v.
原谅;宽恕
excuse sb. for doing sth.(原谅某人做某事)
名词形式:excuse(借口),例:excuse me(劳驾)vs make an excuse(找借口)
practice /'præktɪs/
v.
练习;实践
practice doing sth.(练习做某事)
英式拼写:practise;美式拼写:practice(动/名通用);后接动名词,不接不定式
work out
/wɜ:k aʊt/
锻炼;解决;算出
work out at the gym(在健身房锻炼)、work out a problem(解决问题)
多义短语,结合语境区分,表“锻炼”时同义于exercise
形容词
单词/短语
音标
中文释义
核心用法
易混辨析
fit /fɪt/
adj.
健康的;健壮的
be fit(健康的)、keep fit(保持健康);动词义:适合
形容词义同义于healthy,例:keep fit = keep healthy;动词义:The dress fits her well(合身)
well-used /wel'ju:zd/
adj.
使用得多的
作定语,修饰名词,例:a well-used racket(用了很多次的球拍)
合成词:well(充分地)+ used(被使用的),例:well-used与used(用过的),前者强调使用频率高
perfect /'pɜ:fɪkt/
adj.
完美的;极好的
作定语或表语,例:a perfect match(一场完美的比赛)、The plan is perfect
反义词:imperfect(不完美的);派生词:perfectly(adv. 完美地)
few /fju:/
adj.
(表示否定的)很少的;几乎没有的
修饰可数名词复数,例:few friends(几乎没有朋友)
few(否定)vs a few(肯定,少数),例:few people(没人)vs a few people(几个人)
working /'wɜ:kɪŋ/
adj.
工作的
作定语,修饰名词,例:working day(工作日)、working hours(工作时间)
派生词:work(v. 工作)+ -ing,例:working day区别于weekend(周末)
副词
单词/短语
音标
中文释义
核心用法
易混辨析
hardly /'hɑ:dli/
adv.
几乎不;几乎没有
位于实义动词前,系动词/情态动词后,例:hardly ever(几乎从不)、hardly believe(几乎不敢相信)
hardly(否定)vs hard(努力地),例:hardly work(几乎不工作)vs work hard(努力工作)
ever /'evə(r)/
adv.
在任何时候;从来;曾经
常用于否定句、疑问句、完成时,例:hardly ever(几乎从不)、Have you ever been there?(你去过那里吗?)
ever与never(从不)互为反义词,例:ever表“曾经”,never表“从未”
twice /twaɪs/
adv.
两次;两倍
表频率或数量,例:twice a week(一周两次)、twice as much(两倍之多)
倍数表达:once(一次)、twice(两次)、three times(三次)
maybe /'meɪbi/
adv.
也许;大概
位于句首作状语,例:Maybe he will come(也许他会来)
maybe(副词)vs may be(情态动词+动词原形,可能是),例:Maybe it is his = It may be his
seldom /'seldəm/
adv.
很少;不常
位于实义动词前,系动词/情态动词后,例:seldom go out(很少外出)
频度排序:seldom低于often,高于hardly ever
sometime /'sʌmtaɪm/
adv.
在某个时候
表将来或过去不确定的时间,例:sometime next month(下个月的某个时候)
sometime(某时)vs sometimes(有时)vs some time(一段时间),例:sometime表时间点,sometimes表频率,some time表时间段
just /dʒʌst/
adv.
只是;正好
修饰动词、形容词,例:just right(正好)、just a minute(等一下)
just与only(仅仅)近义,例:just a book = only a book(只是一本书)
代词
类别
单词/短语
音标
中文释义
核心拓展
记忆方法
名词性物主代词
mine /maɪn/
pron.
我的(所有物)
对应形容词性物主代词:my;例:This book is mine = This is my book
联想记忆:my(我的)+ -ne → mine,指代我的东西,后面不接名词
hers /hɜ:z/
pron.
她的(所有物)
对应形容词性物主代词:her;例:The bag is hers = This is her bag
her(她的)+ -s → hers,注意发音为/hɜ:z/,不读“her丝”
theirs /ðeəz/
pron.
他们的;她们的;它们的(所有物)
对应形容词性物主代词:their;例:These pens are theirs = These are their pens
their(他们的)+ -s → theirs,指代复数物品或多人所有物
ours /'aʊəz/
pron.
我们的(所有物)
对应形容词性物主代词:our;例:The team is ours = This is our team
our(我们的)+ -s → ours,指代我们共同拥有的事物
兼类词
类别
单词/短语
音标
中文释义
核心用法
兼类词
double /'dʌbl/
n. 双打;两倍 adj. 成双的;两倍的
名词:play doubles(打双打)、a double(两倍);形容词:double room(双人房)、double size(两倍尺寸)
多义记忆:双打(doubles)是两人配合,即“成双的”(double)参与,数量是两倍(double)
once /wʌns/
adv. 一次;曾经 conj. 一旦
副词:once a week(一周一次)、once lived here(曾经住在这里);连词:Once you start, don't stop(一旦开始,就别停下)
副词义表频率或时间,连词义引导条件状语从句
03 核心短语与词块
短语
中文释义
例句
考点提示
jump rope
跳绳(运动)
I often jump rope after school to keep fit.(我经常放学后跳绳保持健康。)
同义短语:skip rope;可作主语或谓语,例:Jump rope is a good exercise(跳绳是很好的锻炼)
hardly ever
几乎从不
She hardly ever eats junk food because it's unhealthy.(她几乎从不吃垃圾食品,因为它不健康。)
hardly表否定,不可与not连用;ever用于加强语气,常与频度副词搭配
a few
少数;几个
I have a few friends who like playing basketball.(我有几个喜欢打篮球的朋友。)
修饰可数名词复数,表肯定含义;区别于few(表否定,几乎没有)
excuse me
劳驾;请原谅
Excuse me, is this your badminton racket?(劳驾,这是你的羽毛球拍吗?)
用于事前打扰他人或求助,区别于sorry(事后道歉)
over there
在那边
The exercise mats are over there.(健身垫在那边。)
表示地点,常用于指远处的人或物,例:Look! Our team is over there(看!我们队在那边)
belong to
属于(某人)
This skateboard belongs to Tom.(这滑板属于汤姆。)
后接人称代词宾格或名词,不可接名词性物主代词,例:belong to him(属于他)not belong to his
full of
有许多;充满
After exercising, I'm always full of energy.(锻炼后,我总是充满精力。)
同义短语:be filled with;后接名词,例:The room is full of books = The room is filled with books
work out
锻炼;解决;算出
She works out at the gym twice a week.(她每周去健身房锻炼两次。)
多义短语,表“锻炼”时同义于exercise;表“解决”时后接宾语,例:work out a math problem(算出一道数学题)
build team spirit
培养团队精神
Playing volleyball helps build team spirit.(打排球有助于培养团队精神。)
动宾短语,team spirit为“团队精神”,例:Team sports can build team spirit(团队运动能培养团队精神)
both...and...
……和……都
Both you and I like swimming.(你和我都喜欢游泳。)
连接两个并列成分,作主语时谓语动词用复数,例:Both Tom and Lily are in the school team(汤姆和莉莉都在校队)
be good for
对……有好处
Swimming is good for our hearts and lungs.(游泳对我们的心肺有好处。)
后接名词或动名词,例:Doing exercise is good for health(锻炼对健康有好处)
once a week
一周一次
He plays baseball once a week with his friends.(他每周和朋友打一次棒球。)
表频率的固定表达,结构:次数+ a + 时间单位,例:twice a month(一个月两次)
do sit-ups
做仰卧起坐
I do sit-ups every morning to keep fit.(我每天早上做仰卧起坐保持健康。)
固定短语,sit-up为可数名词,复数形式sit-ups,例:do 20 sit-ups(做20个仰卧起坐)
play doubles
打双打
We often play badminton doubles after school.(我们经常放学后打羽毛球双打。)
对应短语:play singles(打单打);doubles为复数形式,例:a doubles match(一场双打比赛)
make progress
取得进步
He has made great progress in playing tennis.(他在网球方面取得了很大进步。)
progress为不可数名词,不可加-s,例:make much progress(取得很多进步)
04 核心句型
询问频率类
句型结构
中文含义
例句
考点提示
-How often do you do sth.?
-I do it once/twice/three times a week.
-你多久做一次某事?
-我一周做一次/两次/三次。
-How often do you go jogging?
-I go jogging twice a week.(—你多久慢跑一次?—我一周慢跑两次。)
how often用于询问频率,答语用“次数+ a + 时间单位”;频度副词可替换,例:seldom(很少)、hardly ever(几乎从不)
询问物品归属类
句型结构
中文含义
例句
考点提示
-Whose + 名词 + is it/are they?
-It's/They're + 名词性物主代词./I think it's/they're + 某人的.
-这(些)是谁的……?
-它/它们是……的。/我觉得它/它们是……的。
-Whose tennis racket is this?
-I think it's Han Lin's. His has "HL" on it.(—这是谁的网球拍?—我觉得是韩林的。他的球拍上有“HL”。)
whose引导特殊疑问句,后接名词;答语用名词性物主代词或名词所有格,避免重复名词
原因表达类
句型结构
中文含义
例句
考点提示
I like...because...
我喜欢……因为……
I like skateboarding because it keeps me fit.(我喜欢滑板运动,因为它能让我保持健康。)
because引导原因状语从句,不可与so连用;从句说明喜欢的具体原因,例:I like swimming because it's cool in summer(我喜欢游泳,因为夏天它很凉爽)
描述运动益处类
句型结构
中文含义
例句
考点提示
...is good for...
……对……有好处
Swimming is good for my body and mind.(游泳对我的身心都有好处。)
be good for后接名词或代词,表“对……有益”;反义词组:be bad for(对……有害)
It's fun to do sth.
做某事很有趣
It's fun to play badminton with my friends.(和朋友们打羽毛球很有趣。)
it为形式主语,真正主语是后面的不定式;fun为不可数名词,例:It's fun to do exercise(做运动很有趣)
并列表达类
句型结构
中文含义
例句
考点提示
Both...and...
……和……都
All of us are good friends, both on and off the field.(无论在场上还是场下,我们都是好朋友。)
连接两个并列的名词、代词或短语,作主语时谓语动词用复数;例:Both basketball and volleyball are team sports(篮球和排球都是团队运动)
05 重点语法
语法1:名词性物主代词
详细讲解
物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,后不接名词,可独立作主语、宾语、表语。
人称
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
用法示例
第一人称单数
my(我的)
mine(我的)
This book is mine. = This is my book.
第二人称单数
your(你的)
yours(你的)
Is this pen yours? = Is this your pen?
第三人称单数
his(他的)、her(她的)、its(它的)
his(他的)、hers(她的)、its(它的)
The bag is hers. = This is her bag.
第一人称复数
our(我们的)
ours(我们的)
These desks are ours. = These are our desks.
第二人称复数
your(你们的)
yours(你们的)
Are these chairs yours? = Are these your chairs?
第三人称复数
their(他们的/她们的/它们的)
theirs(他们的/她们的/它们的)
The balls are theirs. = These are their balls.
典例
1. 选词填空:—Is this your basketball? —No, it's not ______. It's ______.(mine/his/your)
2. 句型转换:This is her badminton racket.(改为同义句)→ This badminton racket is ______.
3. 完成句子:—Whose exercise mat is that? —It's ______(我们的). We bought it together.
4. 单项选择:—Mary, is this your sister's watch? —No, ______ is pink.( )
A. hers B. her C. mine D. my
5. 改错:The skateboard belongs to he. It's his.
语法2:频度副词
详细讲解
频度副词表示动作发生的频率,常回答how often引导的问句,按频率从高到低排序为:always(总是)→ usually(通常)→ often(经常)→ sometimes(有时)→ seldom(很少)→ hardly ever(几乎从不)→ never(从不)。
频度副词
频率范围
位置特点
例句
always
100%
系动词/情态动词后,实义动词前
He is always the first to come to school.(他总是第一个来学校。)
usually
约80%
系动词/情态动词后,实义动词前
We usually play volleyball after school.(我们通常放学后打排球。)
often
约60%
系动词/情态动词后,实义动词前
She often does sit-ups in the morning.(她经常早上做仰卧起坐。)
sometimes
约40%
句首、句中、句末均可
Sometimes we go swimming on weekends.(我们有时周末去游泳。)
seldom
约20%
系动词/情态动词后,实义动词前
He seldom plays computer games.(他很少玩电脑游戏。)
hardly ever
约5%
系动词/情态动词后,实义动词前
They hardly ever miss a match.(他们几乎不错过一场比赛。)
never
0%
系动词/情态动词后,实义动词前
I never eat snacks before dinner.(我从不在晚饭前吃零食。)
典例
1. 选词填空:He ______(always/seldom)goes jogging because he doesn't like exercise.
2. 句型转换:I play baseball three times a week.(对画线部分提问)→ ______ ______ do you play baseball?
3. 完成句子:She ______(通常)gets up early and ______(有时)does exercise in the park.
4. 单项选择:—______ do you visit your grandparents? —Usually twice a month.( )
A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How many
5. 改错:I hardly ever not late for the sports meeting.
06 考点速记
一、词汇类考点
考点1:易混代词辨析(名词性物主代词vs形容词性物主代词)
详细讲解
类别
核心区别
用法
易错点
形容词性物主代词
后接名词,作定语
my book(我的书)、her pen(她的笔)
不可单独使用,必须接名词
名词性物主代词
后不接名词,独立使用
mine = my book、hers = her pen
不可接名词,避免与形容词性物主代词混淆
典例
1. 选词填空:This is ______(my/mine)racket. ______(Your/Yours)is over there.
2. 句型转换:These are their footballs.(改为同义句)→ These footballs are ______.
3. 完成句子:—Is this your exercise mat? —No, it's not ______. It's ______(他的).
4. 单项选择:—Whose T-shirt is this? —It's ______. I bought it yesterday.( )
A. me B. my C. mine D. I
5. 改错:The goal is our. We worked hard for it.
考点2:易混频度表达辨析(频度副词vs频率短语)
详细讲解
类别
形式
示例
考点
频度副词
单个副词
always、usually、often、sometimes、seldom、hardly ever、never
位置:系动词/情态动词后,实义动词前
频率短语
次数+ a + 时间单位
once a week、twice a month、three times a year
对其提问用how often;次数≥3用“基数词+ times”
典例
1. 选词填空:He plays basketball ______(two/twice)a week. He ______(often/once)goes to the gym.
2. 句型转换:She goes swimming four times a month.(对画线部分提问)→ ______ ______ does she go swimming?
3. 完成句子:I ______(几乎从不)eat junk food. I eat vegetables ______(每天一次).
4. 单项选择:—How often do you do sports? —______.( )
A. For an hour B. Once a day C. In the park D. With my friends
5. 改错:I usually go to jogging three times a week.
考点3:易混短语辨析(few/a few/little/a little)
详细讲解
短语
修饰对象
含义
例句
few
可数名词复数
否定,几乎没有
He has few friends here.(他在这里几乎没有朋友。)
a few
可数名词复数
肯定,少数;几个
I have a few books about sports.(我有几本关于运动的书。)
little
不可数名词
否定,几乎没有
There is little water in the bottle.(瓶子里几乎没有水了。)
a little
不可数名词
肯定,一点;少量
I need a little energy to finish the exercise.(我需要一点精力完成锻炼。)
典例
1. 选词填空:There are ______(a few/few)apples left. Let's buy some. There is ______(a little/little)milk in the fridge.
2. 句型转换:He has few chances to play in the match.(改为同义句)→ He has almost no chances to play in the match.
3. 完成句子:Could you give me ______(几个)minutes? I need ______(一点)time to prepare.
4. 单项选择:—Do you have ______ friends who like skateboarding? —Yes, I have ______.( )
A. some;a few B. any;a few C. any;few D. some;few
5. 改错:He has a little friends in the team, so he feels lonely.
考点4:易混词辨析(maybe/may be;sometime/sometimes/some time)
详细讲解
易混组
词性
含义
例句
maybe
副词
也许;大概
Maybe he will join the baseball club.(也许他会加入棒球俱乐部。)
may be
情态动词+动词原形
可能是
He may be late for the match.(他可能会错过比赛。)
sometime
副词
在某个时候
We will have a match sometime next month.(我们下个月某个时候会有一场比赛。)
sometimes
频度副词
有时
I sometimes play badminton with my dad.(我有时和爸爸打羽毛球。)
some time
名词短语
一段时间
I need some time to practice the trick.(我需要一段时间练习这个技巧。)
典例
1. 选词填空:______(Maybe/May be)she is in the gym. She ______(maybe/may be)practising.
2. 句型转换:I will visit you sometime next week.(对画线部分提问)→ ______ will you visit me?
3. 完成句子:______(有时)I spend ______(一段时间)playing volleyball after school.
4. 单项选择:—When will you go to the sports centre? —______ next Monday.( )
A. Sometime B. Sometimes C. Some time D. Some times
5. 改错:He sometimes goes to swim sometime in the afternoon.
二、语法类考点
考点5:频度副词的位置与排序
详细讲解
考点
规则
示例
位置
1. 系动词/情态动词后,实义动词前;
2. sometimes可位于句首、句中、句末;
3. never、hardly ever等否定频度副词位于句首时,句子用倒装
1. She is often late.(系动词后);2. He can never forget the match.(情态动词后);3. Sometimes we play doubles.(句首);4. Never have I seen such a perfect goal.(倒装)
排序
从高到低:always→usually→often→sometimes→seldom→hardly ever→never
He always exercises, usually plays basketball, often goes jogging, sometimes does sit-ups, seldom plays tennis, hardly ever swims, never plays football.
典例
1. 选词填空:She ______(always/often)gets up early. She ______(seldom/hardly ever)stays up late.
2. 句型转换:I often play ping-pong after school.(改为否定句)→ I ______ ______ play ping-pong after school.
3. 完成句子:______(从不)have I missed a sports meeting. He ______(通常)comes first.
4. 单项选择:My brother ______ plays football. He likes it very much.( )
A. always B. never C. hardly ever D. seldom
5. 改错:I usually am the first to arrive at the gym.
三、语音类考点
考点6:字母i、y和字母组合ie的发音
详细讲解
字母/组合
发音
例词
i(重读开音节)
/aɪ/
mine、time、nice、like、kite
i(重读闭音节)
/ɪ/
big、hill、six、swim、fit
ie(词尾,重读音节)
/aɪ/
pie、lie、tie、die
ie(词中,重读音节)
/i:/
piece、niece、thief、field
y(词尾,重读音节)
/aɪ/
fly、my、shy、cry、by
y(词中,辅音前)
/ɪ/
healthy、party、gym、system
y(句首)
/j/
yes、yellow、you、year
典例
1. 选词填空:Which word has the same sound as "mine"?( )
A. big B. time C. hill D. sit
2. 句型转换:写出一个ie发/i:/音的单词:______
3. 完成句子:"y"在"sky"中发______音,在"city"中发______音。
4. 单项选择:Which word has a different sound?( )
A. pie B. lie C. piece D. die
5. 翻译:写出一个i发/ɪ/音的单词:______
07 语篇解读
核心语篇梳理
语篇类型
核心内容
阅读策略
听力对话(Section A 1b/1c/2a)
询问体育物品归属(足球、棒球手套、网球拍等)及运动频率(每周三次、几乎从不、周末一两次等)
提取关键信息(物品名称、人名、频率词),通过问答逻辑定位答案,注意名词性物主代词的使用
报告(Section B 1b)
夏天(滑板运动)、珍妮(运动应用)、史蒂夫(棒球)三人的健身方式、频率及原因
梳理“运动方式—频率—原因”逻辑链,抓住频度副词和原因连词because,理解运动与健康的关系
新媒体语篇(Section B 2a)
凯特最喜欢游泳,介绍游泳的乐趣、频率及对健康的益处
聚焦“喜好—频率—益处”结构,提取核心短语(two or three times a week、keep fit),体会运动的积极意义
长难句剖析
1. My skateboard is really cool, and so are theirs.
· 解析:前半句为主系表结构,后半句“so+系动词+主语”为倒装结构,表“后者也如此”;theirs指代their skateboards,整句意为“我的滑板真的很酷,他们的也一样”。
2. Some tricks are difficult, but once you succeed, you feel great!
· 解析:前半句为主系表结构,but表转折;后半句中once引导时间状语从句,意为“一旦”,主句为主谓表结构;整句意为“有些技巧很难,但一旦你成功了,你会感觉很棒”。
3. All of us are good friends, both on and off the field.
· 解析:主句为主系表结构,both...and...连接两个并列短语on the field(场上)和off the field(场下),作状语;整句意为“无论在场上还是场下,我们都是好朋友”。
08 写作指导(结构+模板+词句积累)
写作主题
1. 介绍自己最喜欢的体育运动(名称、原因、频率、益处);
2. 描述班级或个人的锻炼习惯,突出运动与健康的关系;
3. 为“运动健康”主题活动撰写征文,呼吁大家积极锻炼。
写作结构(三段式模板)
开头:引出话题
· My favourite sport is ______. It's a great way to keep fit and have fun.(我最喜欢的运动是……。它是保持健康和享受乐趣的好方式。)
· As we all know, exercise shapes our body and mind. Among all sports, I like ______ best.(众所周知,锻炼塑造我们的身心。在所有运动中,我最喜欢……。)
· Keeping fit is important for teenagers. My favourite way of keeping fit is ______.(保持健康对青少年很重要。我最喜欢的健身方式是……。)
中间:详细描述
1. 运动原因:I like ______ because it's ______(fun/cool/exciting). It not only helps me ______(keep healthy/build strength)but also ______(make friends/build team spirit).(我喜欢……因为它很……。它不仅帮助我……,还能……。)
2. 运动频率与方式:I usually do it ______(once/twice a week/every day). I often ______(play with friends/go to the gym/practise in the park). Sometimes we ______(have matches/do tricks).(我通常……做一次。我经常……。有时我们……。)
3. 运动益处:After exercising, I always feel ______(energetic/relaxed/happy). It's good for my ______(body and mind/heart and lungs).(锻炼后,我总是感觉……。它对我的……有好处。)
结尾:升华主题/发出呼吁
· Exercise is good for everyone. Let's do more sport and keep fit together!(锻炼对每个人都有好处。让我们多做运动,一起保持健康吧!)
· I believe that ______ will bring you joy and health. Why not give it a try?(我相信……会给你带来快乐和健康。为什么不试试呢?)
· Keeping fit is not hard. Just choose your favourite sport and stick to it.(保持健康并不难。只需选择你最喜欢的运动并坚持下去。)
高频词句积累
类别
核心词汇/句型
运动项目
play basketball/football/volleyball/baseball(打篮球/踢足球/打排球/打棒球)、play badminton/ping-pong/tennis(打羽毛球/打乒乓球/打网球)、go swimming/jogging(去游泳/慢跑)、do sit-ups(做仰卧起坐)、skateboarding(滑板运动)、jump rope(跳绳)
运动频率
always(总是)、usually(通常)、often(经常)、sometimes(有时)、seldom(很少)、hardly ever(几乎从不)、never(从不)、once a week(一周一次)、twice a month(一个月两次)、three times a year(一年三次)
运动益处
keep fit/healthy(保持健康)、build strength(增强力量)、build team spirit(培养团队精神)、make friends(交朋友)、full of energy(充满精力)、relaxed(放松的)、good for body and mind(对身心有益)
常用句型
I like...because...、It's fun to do sth.、...is good for...、Both...and...、How often do you...?、I do it...a week.
范文示例(My Favourite Sport)
My Favourite Sport
As we all know, exercise is important for our health. My favourite sport is swimming.
I like swimming because it's fun and cool, especially in summer. The cool water makes me feel relaxed after a long day of study. It not only keeps my body strong but also improves my breathing. I go swimming two or three times a week with my dad. We often play games in the water and have a great time. Sometimes we join swimming matches, and winning makes me excited.
Swimming teaches me perseverance and teamwork. It's a perfect sport for both body and mind. Let's all choose our favourite sport and exercise more. Keeping fit will make our life better!
09 过关练习
一、单词适当形式填空(每小题2分,共10分)
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. We need two ______(racket)to play badminton.
2. He has made great ______(progress)in playing football.
3. My favourite sport is ______(skateboard). It's very exciting.
4. They often encourage each other ______(do)more exercise.
5. There are ______(few)people in the gym today because it's raining.
二、根据音标写单词(每小题2分,共10分)
根据所给音标写出对应的单词。
1. /'beɪsbɔ:l/ ______
2. /ɡlʌv/ ______
3. /'prəʊɡres/ ______
4. /'seldəm/ ______
5. /twaɪs/ ______
三、单项选择(每小题2分,共20分)
1. —______ do you go jogging? —Once a week.( )
A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How many
2. —Whose exercise mat is this? —I think it's ______.( )
A. her B. she C. hers D. mine
3. Swimming is good ______ our health. We should swim often.( )
A. for B. to C. with D. at
4. He ______ plays basketball because he doesn't like ball games.( )
A. always B. often C. seldom D. usually
5. —Is this your volleyball? —No, it's not ______. It's ______.( )
A. mine;his B. my;he C. mine;him D. my;his
6. I like skateboarding because it ______ me fit and strong.( )
A. keeps B. makes C. lets D. has
7. We need ______ time to practise the trick. Let's start now.( )
A. a few B. few C. a little D. little
8. ______ maybe rain this afternoon, so we can't play outside.( )
A. It B. This C. That D. There
9. Both you and I ______ interested in playing tennis.( )
A. am B. is C. are D. be
10. —How often do you do sit-ups? —______.( )
A. For 10 minutes B. In the morning C. Every day D. With my sister
四、句型转换(每小题4分,共20分)
1. This is his tennis racket.(改为同义句)→ This tennis racket is ______.
2. He plays football twice a week.(对画线部分提问)→ ______ ______ does he play football?
3. I like swimming because it's cool.(对画线部分提问)→ ______ ______ you like swimming?
4. She often goes to the gym after school.(改为否定句)→ She ______ ______ go to the gym after school.
5. These are our basketballs.(改为同义句)→ These basketballs are ______.
五、短文填空(每小题2分,共10分)
用方框中所给词的适当形式填空,使短文通顺完整。(有两项多余)
Keeping fit is important for teenagers. I 1.______ do sport to keep 2.______. My favourite sport is basketball. I play it 3.______ a week with my classmates. We are a good 4.______ and we often have 5.______ against other schools. Our teachers always 6.______ us to practice hard. We have made great 7.______ in the past year.fit、often、team、progress、encourage、match、energy、seldom、twice、fun、exercise、build
Playing basketball not only gives me 8.______ but also helps 9.______ team spirit. It's great 10.______ to play together. I think everyone should do more sport to keep healthy.
六、短文改错(每小题2分,共10分)
找出短文中的错误并改正(每句一处错误)。
1. This bag is her. It belongs to she.( )______
2. He hardly ever not play baseball because he thinks it's boring.( )______
3. I have a little friends who like swimming.( )______
4. Maybe the team is win the match.( )______
5. Both Tom and Jim are good at play football.( )______
七、完形填空(每小题3分,共15分)
Exercise is important for everyone. It helps us keep fit and full of 1.______ . My favourite exercise is jogging. I jog in the park near my home every morning. The air there is clean and fresh. I can hear birds singing and see people doing different 2.______ .
I usually jog for 30 minutes. Sometimes I jog with my dad. He 3.______ tells me that exercise is good for both body and mind. After jogging, I always feel energetic. I 4.______ get tired in class because of the morning jog.
Jogging is easy to do. You just need a pair of comfortable running shoes. You can jog anytime and anywhere. It doesn't cost much money. I think everyone should 5.______ jogging or other sports. Let's keep fit together!
1. A. energy B. progress C. fun D. match
2. A. tricks B. sports C. mats D. ropes
3. A. never B. seldom C. often D. hardly ever
4. A. always B. usually C. often D. never
5. A. try B. like C. love D. hate
八、阅读理解(每小题3分,共15分)
My name is Steve. I'm in the school baseball club. Baseball is my favourite sport. We usually practise three times a week after school. We also have many matches against other schools. The other teams are great, but I think ours is the best!
Playing baseball keeps me fit and strong. It also builds team spirit. All of us are good friends, both on and off the field. We work as a team and win or lose together. I like my teammates very much. We often encourage one another to do better.
I practise hard every day. I want to be a good baseball player in the future. I hope more students can join our club and enjoy the fun of baseball.
根据短文内容,选择正确答案。
1. How often does Steve's team practise baseball?( )
A. Once a week B. Twice a week C. Three times a week D. Every day
2. Why does Steve like baseball?( )
A. Because it's easy to play. B. Because it keeps him fit and builds team spirit.
C. Because his friends are in the club. D. Because it's cheap to play.
3. What does "ours" refer to in the passage?( )
A. Steve's school B. Steve's team C. Steve's club D. Steve's match
4. What do Steve and his teammates often do?( )
A. They often have matches at weekends. B. They often encourage each other.
C. They often play baseball alone. D. They often go jogging together.
5. What is Steve's dream?( )
A. To be a baseball coach. B. To win all matches.
C. To be a good baseball player. D. To make more friends.
九、书面表达(共20分)
请以“My Exercise Habits”为题,写一篇短文介绍你的锻炼习惯。
要求:
1. 运用本单元核心句型(How often...?、I like...because...、...is good for...);
2. 包含最喜欢的运动、运动频率、运动方式及益处,可适当发挥;
3. 语句通顺,语法正确,不少于80词。
答案与解析
一、重点语法典例答案与解析
语法1:名词性物主代词
1. 答案:mine;his
解析:第一空后无名词,用名词性物主代词mine;第二空同样用名词性物主代词his,指代他的篮球。
2. 答案:hers
解析:原句中her为形容词性物主代词,后接名词;同义句中用名词性物主代词hers,指代her badminton racket。
3. 答案:ours
解析:“我们的”用名词性物主代词ours,后不接名词,指代our exercise mat。
4. 答案:A
解析:空格后无名词,用名词性物主代词hers,指代her sister's watch;her为形容词性物主代词,后需接名词,故选A。
5. 答案:The skateboard belongs to him. It's his.
解析:belong to后接人称代词宾格him,不可接主格he;his为名词性物主代词,指代his skateboard。
语法2:频度副词
1. 答案:seldom
解析:由“他不喜欢运动”可知,他很少打篮球,seldom表“很少”,符合语境;always表“总是”,不符合。
2. 答案:How often
解析:对频率“一周三次”提问用how often,how long对时间长度提问,how many对数量提问,故选how often。
3. 答案:usually;sometimes
解析:“通常”译为usually,位于系动词后、实义动词前;“有时”译为sometimes,可位于句首或句中。
4. 答案:B
解析:答语“通常一个月两次”表频率,用how often提问;how long对时间长度提问,how far对距离提问,how many对数量提问,故选B。
5. 答案:I hardly ever late for the sports meeting.(去掉not)
解析:hardly ever本身表否定含义,不可与not连用,故去掉not。
二、考点速记典例答案与解析
考点1:易混代词辨析
1. 答案:my;Yours
解析:第一空后接名词racket,用形容词性物主代词my;第二空后无名词,用名词性物主代词Yours,指代your racket。
2. 答案:theirs
解析:原句中their为形容词性物主代词,后接名词football;同义句中用名词性物主代词theirs,指代their footballs。
3. 答案:mine;his
解析:第一空后无名词,用名词性物主代词mine;“他的”用名词性物主代词his,指代his exercise mat。
4. 答案:C
解析:空格后无名词,用名词性物主代词mine,指代my T-shirt;me为人称代词宾格,my为形容词性物主代词,I为主格,故选C。
5. 答案:The goal is ours. We worked hard for it.
解析:“我们的”用名词性物主代词ours,后不接名词;our为形容词性物主代词,后需接名词,故改为ours。
考点2:易混频度表达辨析
1. 答案:twice;often
解析:“一周两次”译为twice a week,twice表次数;often为频度副词,表“经常”,符合语境。
2. 答案:How often
解析:对频率“一个月四次”提问用how often,how many times对具体次数提问,此处答语为频率,故选how often。
3. 答案:hardly ever;once a day
解析:“几乎从不”译为hardly ever;“每天一次”译为once a day,固定表达。
4. 答案:B
解析:How often提问频率,答语Once a day表频率;For an hour表时间长度,In the park表地点,With my friends表对象,故选B。
5. 答案:I usually go jogging three times a week.(去掉to)
解析:go jogging为固定短语,jogging为动名词形式,不可加to,故去掉to。
考点3:易混短语辨析
1. 答案:few;a little
解析:由“我们买点吧”可知,苹果几乎没有了,few表否定,修饰可数名词复数apples;“瓶子里有一点水”,a little表肯定,修饰不可数名词milk。
2. 答案:He has almost no chances to play in the match.
解析:few表否定,相当于almost no,故同义句可改为He has almost no chances...。
3. 答案:a few;a little
解析:“几个分钟”译为a few minutes,a few修饰可数名词复数;“一点时间”译为a little time,a little修饰不可数名词time。
4. 答案:B
解析:疑问句中用any修饰可数名词复数friends;由yes可知,表肯定,用a few,故选B。
5. 答案:He has a few friends in the team, so he feels lonely.(a little→a few)
解析:friends为可数名词复数,a little修饰不可数名词,a few修饰可数名词复数,故改为a few。
考点4:易混词辨析
1. 答案:Maybe;may be
解析:第一空位于句首,用副词Maybe;第二空位于主语后,用“情态动词+动词原形”may be,表“可能是”。
2. 答案:When
解析:对“下个月某个时候”提问用when,sometime表时间点,故用when提问。
3. 答案:Sometimes;some time
解析:“有时”译为Sometimes,频度副词;“一段时间”译为some time,名词短语。
4. 答案:A
解析:“下周一的某个时候”译为sometime next Monday,sometimes表频率,some time表时间段,some times表次数,故选A。
5. 答案:He sometimes goes swimming sometime in the afternoon.(swim→swimming)
解析:go swimming为固定短语,swim需用动名词形式swimming,故改为swimming。
考点5:频度副词的位置与排序
1. 答案:always;seldom
解析:always表“总是”,频率最高;seldom表“很少”,频率较低,符合语境。
2. 答案:seldom;often
解析:否定句用seldom或hardly ever,此处用seldom;often为原句中的频度副词,否定句中需替换。
3. 答案:Never;usually
解析:“从不”译为Never,位于句首时句子倒装;“通常”译为usually,位于系动词后、实义动词前。
4. 答案:A
解析:由“他非常喜欢足球”可知,他总是踢足球,always表“总是”,never、hardly ever、seldom表否定,故选A。
5. 答案:I am usually the first to arrive at the gym.(usually am→am usually)
解析:频度副词usually位于系动词am后,故调整语序为am usually。
考点6:字母i、y和字母组合ie的发音
1. 答案:B
解析:mine中i发/aɪ/,time中i也发/aɪ/;big、hill、sit中i发/ɪ/,故选B。
2. 答案:piece/niece/thief/field
解析:ie在词中重读音节发/i:/,常见单词有piece、niece、thief、field等,任选其一即可。
3. 答案:/aɪ/;/ɪ/
解析:sky中y位于词尾重读音节,发/aɪ/;city中y位于词中辅音前,发/ɪ/。
4. 答案:C
解析:pie、lie、die中ie发/aɪ/;piece中ie发/i:/,发音不同,故选C。
5. 答案:big/six/swim/fit
解析:i在重读闭音节发/ɪ/,常见单词有big、six、swim、fit等,任选其一即可。
三、过关练习答案与解析
一、单词适当形式填空
1. 答案:rackets
解析:racket为可数名词,two后接复数形式rackets。
2. 答案:progress
解析:progress为不可数名词,无复数形式,make great progress为固定短语。
3. 答案:skateboarding
解析:“滑板运动”译为skateboarding,动名词形式作表语。
4. 答案:to do
解析:encourage sb. to do sth.为固定搭配,后接不定式作宾补。
5. 答案:few
解析:由“下雨了”可知,健身房人很少,few表否定,修饰可数名词people。
二、根据音标写单词
1. 答案:baseball
解析:音标/'beɪsbɔ:l/对应单词baseball(棒球)。
2. 答案:glove
解析:音标/ɡlʌv/对应单词glove(手套)。
3. 答案:progress
解析:音标/'prəʊɡres/对应单词progress(进步)。
4. 答案:seldom
解析:音标/'seldəm/对应单词seldom(很少)。
5. 答案:twice
解析:音标/twaɪs/对应单词twice(两次)。
三、单项选择
1. 答案:B
解析:答语“一周一次”表频率,用how often提问;how long对时间长度提问,how far对距离提问,how many对数量提问,故选B。
2. 答案:C
解析:空格后无名词,用名词性物主代词hers或mine;结合选项,C、D均为名词性物主代词,此处无特殊语境,C、D均可,优先选C(符合逻辑)。
3. 答案:A
解析:be good for为固定短语,表“对……有好处”;be good to对……友好,be good with善于应付,be good at擅长,故选A。
4. 答案:C
解析:由“他不喜欢球类运动”可知,他很少打篮球,seldom表“很少”;always、often、usually表肯定,不符合语境,故选C。
5. 答案:A
解析:两空后均无名词,用名词性物主代词mine和his;my为形容词性物主代词,he为主格,him为宾格,故选A。
6. 答案:A
解析:keep sb. fit为固定短语,表“让某人保持健康”;make sb. fit也可,但keep更侧重“维持”,符合运动的持续效果,故选A。
7. 答案:C
解析:time为不可数名词,a little表肯定,修饰不可数名词;a few修饰可数名词复数,few、little表否定,不符合“现在开始”的语境,故选C。
8. 答案:A
解析:“可能下雨”译为It may rain,it指代天气;this、that、there无此用法,故选A。
9. 答案:C
解析:both...and...连接两个主语,谓语动词用复数形式are,故选C。
10. 答案:C
解析:How often提问频率,答语Every day表频率;For 10 minutes表时间长度,In the morning表时间,With my sister表对象,故选C。
四、句型转换
1. 答案:his
解析:his为名词性物主代词,指代his tennis racket,后不接名词。
2. 答案:How often
解析:对频率“一周两次”提问用how often,how many times对具体次数提问,此处答语为频率,故选how often。
3. 答案:Why do
解析:对原因“因为它很凉爽”提问用why,主语为you,助动词用do,故选Why do。
4. 答案:does not often
解析:原句为一般现在时,主语为she,否定句需借助助动词does,后接not,often位于does not后、实义动词前。
5. 答案:ours
解析:ours为名词性物主代词,指代our basketballs,后不接名词。
五、短文填空
1. 答案:often
解析:由“保持健康很重要”可知,“我经常做运动”,often表“经常”,符合语境。
2. 答案:fit
解析:keep fit为固定短语,表“保持健康”,fit为形容词,作表语。
3. 答案:twice
解析:“一周两次”译为twice a week,twice表次数,符合频率表达。
4. 答案:team
解析:由“和同学一起打”可知,我们是一个团队,team表“队;组”,符合语境。
5. 答案:matches
解析:have matches against为固定短语,表“与……比赛”,match为可数名词,用复数形式。
6. 答案:encourage
解析:encourage sb. to do sth.为固定搭配,表“鼓励某人做某事”,主语为teachers,用原形。
7. 答案:progress
解析:make great progress为固定短语,表“取得很大进步”,progress为不可数名词。
8. 答案:energy
解析:“打篮球给我能量”,energy表“精力;能量”,不可数名词,符合语境。
9. 答案:build
解析:build team spirit为固定短语,表“培养团队精神”,help后接动词原形。
10. 答案:fun
解析:it's great fun to do sth.为固定句型,fun为不可数名词,表“乐趣”。
六、短文改错
1. 答案:This bag is hers. It belongs to her.(her→hers;she→her)
解析:第一空后无名词,用名词性物主代词hers;belong to后接人称代词宾格her,不可接主格she。
2. 答案:He hardly ever plays baseball because he thinks it's boring.(去掉not;play→plays)
解析:hardly ever表否定,去掉not;主语为he,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式plays。
3. 答案:I have a few friends who like swimming.(a little→a few)
解析:friends为可数名词复数,a few修饰可数名词复数,a little修饰不可数名词,故改为a few。
4. 答案:Maybe the team will win the match./The team may be win the match.(is→will;maybe→may be)
解析:maybe为副词,后接完整句子,用will表将来;或用“may be+动词原形”,may be为情态动词+动词原形,后接win。
5. 答案:Both Tom and Jim are good at playing football.(play→playing)
解析:be good at后接动名词形式playing,故改为playing。
七、完形填空
1. 答案:A
解析:keep fit and full of energy为固定表达,表“保持健康和充满精力”;progress进步,fun乐趣,match比赛,均不符合语境,故选A。
2. 答案:B
解析:在公园能看到人们做不同的运动,sports表“运动”;tricks技巧,mats垫子,ropes绳子,均不符合,故选B。
3. 答案:C
解析:由“运动对身心有益”可知,爸爸经常告诉“我”,often表“经常”;never、seldom、hardly ever表否定,不符合,故选C。
4. 答案:D
解析:由“晨跑后精力充沛”可知,“我”上课从不累,never表“从不”;always、usually、often表肯定,不符合,故选D。
5. 答案:A
解析:“我认为每个人都应该尝试慢跑或其他运动”,try表“尝试”;like、love表“喜欢”,hate表“讨厌”,不符合呼吁语境,故选A。
八、阅读理解
1. 答案:C
解析:由“We usually practise three times a week after school”可知,每周训练三次,故选C。
2. 答案:B
解析:由“Playing baseball keeps me fit and strong. It also builds team spirit”可知,棒球让他保持健康并培养团队精神,故选B。
3. 答案:B
解析:由“The other teams are great, but I think ours is the best”可知,ours指代Steve的团队,故选B。
4. 答案:B
解析:由“We often encourage one another to do better”可知,他们经常互相鼓励,故选B。
5. 答案:C
解析:由“I want to be a good baseball player in the future”可知,他的梦想是成为一名优秀的棒球运动员,故选C。
九、书面表达(参考范文)
My Exercise Habits
I think exercise is the key to good health. My favourite exercise is jogging.
I jog in the park near my home every morning. The fresh air and beautiful scenery make me feel relaxed. I also play badminton with my friends twice a week. I like badminton because it's fun and helps me make more friends. Sometimes I do sit-ups before going to bed to keep my body strong.
Exercising regularly keeps me full of energy in class. It's not only good for my body but also for my mind. I hope everyone can develop good exercise habits and keep fit together!
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