Unit 2 No Rules, No Order（知识清单）2025-2026学年人教版英语七年级下册

Unit 2 No Rules, No Order(知识清单) 英语人教版 七年级下册 01 单元核心定位 单元核心 主题范畴:人与社会—社会规则;人与自我—行为规范 核心问题:Why do we need rules?(我们为什么需要规则?) 价值引领:Nothing can be achieved without rules.(无规矩不成方圆) 学习目标 1. 能谈论学校、家庭及公共场合的规则,使用祈使句和情态动词can/have to/must表达允许与禁止; 2. 能理解规则的重要性,解释遵守规则的原因及意义; 3. 能运用核心词汇、短语描述规则相关场景,完成求助信、规则介绍等写作任务; 4. 掌握元音字母e及组合ea/ee/ear的发音规则,理解句子重音的表达效果。 02 核心词汇体系 名词 类别 单词/短语 音标 中文释义 核心拓展(复数/词缀/易混) 记忆方法 规则相关 rule /ru:l/ n. 规则;规章 复数:rules;短语:school rules(校规)、break a rule(违反规则)、follow the rules(遵守规则) 形近词联想:ruler(尺子),规则(rule)如尺子般规范行为,复数直接加-s uniform /'ju:nf :m/ n. 校服;制服 复数:uniforms;短语:wear the school uniform(穿校服) 拆分记忆:uni(统一)+ form(形式),统一形式的服装即校服,复数加-s snack /sn k/ n. 点心;小吃 复数:snacks;短语:eat snacks(吃零食) 发音联想:“斯奈克”,结合零食场景记忆,复数加-s hallway /'h :lwe / n. 走廊 复数:hallways;短语:in the hallway(在走廊里) 合成词记忆:hall(大厅)+ way(道路),大厅两侧的道路即走廊,复数加-s advice / d'va s/ n. 建议;意见 不可数名词;短语:give sb. advice(给某人建议)、take sb.'s advice(采纳建议);同义词:suggestion(可数) 语境记忆:ask Dr Know for advice(向百事通博士求助),不可数名词需用a piece of advice spirit /'sp r t/ n. 精神;情绪 复数:spirits(情绪);短语:school spirit(校园精神)、team spirit(团队精神) 联想记忆:遵守规则能培养良好精神(spirit),情绪义常用复数 其他核心 person /'p :s n/ n. 人 复数:persons/people;形容词:personal(个人的) 形近词:percent(百分比),person(人)的复数可指多个个体 noise /n z/ n. 声音;噪声 复数:noises;形容词:noisy(吵闹的);短语:make noise(制造噪声) 词缀记忆:noise(噪声)+ -y noisy(吵闹的),记“有噪声的就是吵闹的” weekday /'wi:kde / n. 工作日 复数:weekdays;对应词:weekend(周末);短语:on weekdays(在工作日) 合成词记忆:week(周)+ day(天),周一至周五的日子即工作日,复数加-s 动词 单词/短语 音标 中文释义 核心搭配 易混辨析 follow /'f l / v. 遵循;跟随 follow the rules(遵守规则)、follow advice(听从建议)、follow sb.(跟随某人) follow(遵循规则、跟随)vs lead(带领),例:We follow rules, leaders lead us lend /lend/ v. 借给;借出 lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb.(把某物借给某人) lend(主语借出)vs borrow(主语借入,borrow sth. from sb.),例:He lent me a pen = I borrowed a pen from him leave /li:v/ v. 离开;留下 leave+地点(离开某地)、leave sth. + 地点(把某物落在某地)、leave for(前往) leave(离开、遗留)vs forget(忘记,不接地点),例:I left my book at school(不是forgot) focus /'f k s/ v. 集中(注意力)于 focus on(集中于)、focus one's attention on(专注于) 后接名词/动名词,例:focus on studying(专注学习) build /b ld/ v. 创建;建造 build school spirit(培养校园精神)、build a bridge(建桥) 过去式/过去分词:built;名词:building(建筑物) arrive / 'ra v/ v. 到达 arrive in+大地点、arrive at+小地点、arrive+地点副词 arrive vs get to vs reach:arrive需接in/at,get to接地点名词,reach直接接地点 litter /'l t (r)/ v. 乱扔 litter sth.(乱扔某物);n. 垃圾(不可数) 动词-ing形式:littering;短语:drop litter(乱扔垃圾) practise /'pr kt s/ v. 训练;练习 practise doing sth.(练习做某事) 英式拼写practise(动词),美式拼写practice(动/名);后接动名词,不接不定式 形容词 单词/短语 音标 中文释义 核心用法 易混辨析 polite /p 'la t/ adj. 有礼貌的 be polite to sb.(对某人有礼貌);副词:politely 反义词:impolite(不礼貌的);派生词:politely(副词),例:speak politely(礼貌地说) absent /' bs nt/ adj. 缺席的;不在的 absent from(缺席);反义词:present(出席的) 名词:absence(缺席),例:absence from class(缺课) awful /' :fl/ adj. 糟糕的;讨厌的 可作表语(The rules are awful)或定语(an awful day) 近义词:terrible(糟糕的);语气较强,形容令人反感的事物 unhappy / n'h pi/ adj. 不快乐的 be unhappy about sth.(对某事不满);派生词:unhappily(副词) 构词:un-(否定前缀)+ happy(快乐的),类似:untidy(不整洁的) untidy / n'ta di/ adj. 不整洁的 反义词:tidy(整洁的);动词:tidy up(整理) 构词:un- + tidy,例:an untidy desk(凌乱的书桌) mobile /'m ba l/ adj. 可移动的 短语:mobile phone(手机) 名词:mobility(移动性);常用搭配mobile phone为高频考点 副词+兼类词 类别 单词/短语 音标 中文释义 核心用法 副词 quietly /'kwa tli/ adv. 轻声地;安静地 修饰动词,例:talk quietly(轻声交谈);形容词:quiet(安静的) either /'a (r); 'i: (r)/ adv. 也(用于否定句末) 肯定句用too/also,否定句用either,例:He can't go either(他也不能去) 兼类词 order /' :d (r)/ n. 秩序;v. 点菜 名词:keep in order(维持秩序);动词:order sth.(点菜) 拓展义:order sb. to do sth.(命令某人做某事)、a big order(大订单) treat /tri:t/ v. 对待;招待;n. 款待 动词:treat sb. with respect(尊重某人)、treat sb. to sth.(请某人吃);名词:my treat(我请客) 多义词,需结合语境区分,例:treat the patient(治疗病人)vs a special treat(特别款待) respect /r 'spekt/ n.&v. 尊敬 名词:show respect for(向……表示尊敬);动词:respect sb. for sth.(因某事尊敬某人) 不可数名词,例:have great respect for teachers(非常尊敬老师) sweet /swi:t/ adj. 甜的;n. 糖果 形容词:sweet food(甜食);名词:a bag of sweets(一袋糖果) 拓展义:sweet voice(悦耳的声音)、sweet memories(美好回忆) 03 核心短语与词块 短语 中文释义 例句 考点提示 late for 迟到 Don't be late for school.(上学不要迟到。) 固定搭配:be late for + 名词(class/school/work);反义词组:on time on time 准时 Arrive on time for the meeting.(准时参加会议。) 区别于in time(及时);on time强调“按规定时间”,in time强调“赶得上” jump the queue 插队 It's impolite to jump the queue in public.(在公共场合插队是不礼貌的。) 同义短语:cut in line;反义短语:wait in line/stand in a queue absent from 缺席;不在 He was absent from class because of illness.(他因病缺课。) 反义词组:be present at(出席);主语+be+absent from+地点 hang out 闲逛;常去某处 We can't hang out on weekdays.(我们工作日不能闲逛。) 后接地点或with sb.,例:hang out with friends(和朋友闲逛) focus on 集中(注意力)于 You need to focus on your study.(你需要专注于学习。) 后接名词/动名词,不接不定式;同义短语:concentrate on turn off 关掉(水、电、煤气) Turn off your mobile phone in class.(课堂上关掉手机。) “动词+副词”结构,代词作宾语放中间(turn it off);反义词组:turn on make one's bed 整理床铺 I have to make my bed every morning.(我每天早上必须整理床铺。) 固定搭配:make the bed(整理床铺),one's可替换为物主代词(my/your/his) follow the rules 遵守规则 Everyone should follow the public rules.(每个人都应遵守公共规则。) 同义短语:obey the rules;反义短语:break the rules(违反规则) think about 思考;考虑 Think about why we need rules.(思考我们为什么需要规则。) 后接名词/代词/动名词,例:think about going abroad(考虑出国);同义短语:think of of course 当然 Can we drink water? —Yes, of course.(我们可以喝水吗?——当然可以。) 肯定答语,相当于sure/certainly;否定形式:of course not put up 举起;张贴 Put up your hand if you have questions.(有问题请举手。) 拓展义:put up a notice(张贴通知)、put up a tent(搭建帐篷) 04 核心句型 祈使句类 句型结构 中文含义 例句 考点提示 Do sth.(肯定式) 做某事。 Walk quietly in the hallway.(在走廊里轻声走路。) 以动词原形开头,省略主语you;用于表达命令、建议 Don't do sth.(否定式) 不要做某事。 Don't run in the classroom.(不要在教室里跑。) 否定形式直接加Don't,后接动词原形;语气较强,表禁止 Be+表语. 保持/成为……状态。 Be polite to everyone.(对每个人有礼貌。) Be型祈使句,否定式:Don't be+表语(Don't be rude) Let's+动词原形. 让我们做某事吧。 Let's follow the rules.(让我们遵守规则。) 否定式:Let's not+动词原形(Let's not litter) 情态动词类 句型结构 中文含义 例句 考点提示 Sb. can/can't+动词原形. 某人能/不能做某事。 We can't use mobile phones in class.(我们不能在课堂上用手机。) can表“许可/能力”,否定式can't;疑问句:Can sb. do sth.? Sb. have to/has to+动词原形. 某人不得不做某事。 She has to wear the school uniform.(她必须穿校服。) 表客观需求,有人称/时态变化(has to/had to);否定式:don't have to(不必) Sb. must/mustn't+动词原形. 某人必须/禁止做某事。 You mustn't litter.(你禁止乱扔垃圾。) must表主观要求,无人称变化;否定式mustn't(禁止),疑问句否定回答用needn't 从句类 句型结构 中文含义 例句 考点提示 If+主语+谓语,主语+谓语. 如果……,就……。 If you want to ask a question, put up your hand.(如果你想问问题,请举手。) if引导条件状语从句,“主将从现”(主句将来时,从句一般现在时) 主语+have to/must+动词原形+because+从句. 某人必须做某事,因为……。 I have to hurry because I can't be late.(我得快点,因为我不能迟到。) because引导原因状语从句,不可与so连用 When+主语+谓语,主语+谓语. 当……时,……。 When I'm at school, I mustn't use my phone.(当我在学校时,我不能用手机。) when引导时间状语从句,时态需一致 描述与表达类 句型结构 中文含义 例句 考点提示 Rules help to make the world better. 规则有助于让世界变得更好。 help to do sth.(有助于做某事),to可省略;make+宾语+adj.(使某物处于某种状态) It's important to follow rules. 遵守规则很重要。 It's+adj.+to do sth.(做某事是……的),it为形式主语,真正主语是不定式 Would you like+名词/to do sth.? 你想要某物/做某事吗? Would you like a sweet?(你想吃糖吗?) 肯定回答:Yes, please.;否定回答:No, thanks.;表邀请时答语:I'd love to./Sorry, I can't. 05 重点语法 语法1:祈使句 详细讲解 祈使句用于表达命令、建议、禁止、请求等语气,主语通常省略(默认you),核心规则如下: 类型 肯定形式 否定形式 例句 Do型 动词原形+宾语+其他 Don't+动词原形+宾语+其他 肯定:Wear your uniform.;否定:Don't eat snacks in class. Be型 Be+表语+其他 Don't be+表语+其他 肯定:Be quiet.;否定:Don't be rude. Let型 Let+宾语+动词原形+其他 Don't let+宾语+动词原形 / Let+宾语+not+动词原形 肯定:Let's clean the classroom.;否定:Don't let him run. = Let him not run. 特殊禁止 - No+v-ing!/No+名词! No littering! / No photos! 典例 1. 选词填空:_(Don't/Not)jump the queue. It's impolite. 2. 句型转换:Wear the school uniform.(改为否定句) _ _ the school uniform. 3. 完成句子:Let's _(follow)the rules. 4. 单项选择:_ quiet in the library, please.( ) A. Be B. Do C. Don't D. Not 5. 改错:Let's not to run in the hallway. 语法2:情态动词can、have to与must 详细讲解 三者均用于表达“能力、许可、义务”,核心区别如下: 情态动词 核心用法 人称/时态变化 否定形式 例句 can 表能力、许可、推测(否定) 无 can't(不能/不可以/不可能) 能力:She can speak English.;许可:Can I use your pen?;推测:The book can't be his. have to 表客观义务(不得不) 有(has to/had to) don't have to(不必) He has to finish homework first.;They didn't have to come early. must 表主观要求(必须)、推测(肯定) 无 mustn't(禁止) 要求:We must respect teachers.;推测:He must be at school. 典例 1. 选词填空:You _(must/have to)wear a seat belt when driving.(客观要求) 2. 句型转换:He has to clean his room every day.(改为否定句) He _ _ _ clean his room every day. 3. 完成句子:_(Can/Must)I leave early? —No, you _(mustn't/can't). 4. 单项选择:—Must I finish the work now? —_, you can do it tomorrow.( ) A. Yes, you must B. No, you needn't C. No, you mustn't D. Yes, you have to 5. 改错:She must to follow the school rules. 语法3:if/when引导的状语从句 详细讲解 1. if引导条件状语从句: 含义:“如果……”,表假设或条件 语序:从句用陈述句语序;时态:“主将从现”(主句一般将来时/情态动词,从句一般现在时) 例句:If it rains tomorrow, we won't go out. 2. when引导时间状语从句: 含义:“当……时”,表时间 语序:从句用陈述句语序;时态:主句与从句时态一致(一般现在时/过去时) 例句:When she arrives, we'll start the meeting. 典例 1. 选词填空:If you _(study)hard, you _(pass)the exam. 2. 句型转换:When I get home, I do my homework.(改为一般将来时) When I get home, I _ _ my homework. 3. 完成句子:She will call you when she _(arrive)in Beijing. 4. 单项选择:If he _ late, he won't be allowed to enter.( ) A. is B. will be C. was D. be 5. 翻译:当你在课堂上时,你必须专注于学习。 When you are in class, you must _ _ studying. 06 考点速记 一、词汇类考点 考点1:易混动词辨析(lend/borrow;arrive/get to/reach;have to/must) 详细讲解 易混组 核心区别 正确搭配 易错点 lend vs borrow lend(主语借出);borrow(主语借入) lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb.;borrow sth. from sb. 不可说borrow sb. sth. arrive vs get to vs reach arrive需接in/at;get to接地点名词(接副词省略to);reach直接接地点 arrive in Beijing;get to school;reach Shanghai 不可说arrive school;get here(不用to) have to vs must have to(客观需求,有人称/时态变化);must(主观要求,无变化) He has to go;We must study hard mustn't(禁止)≠ don't have to(不必) 典例 1. 选词填空:I _(borrowed/lent)a book from the library and _(lent/borrowed)it to my friend. 2. 句型转换:He arrived at the airport at 7:00.(改为同义句) He _ _ the airport at 7:00. 3. 完成句子:You _(mustn't/don't have to)smoke here—it's forbidden. 4. 单项选择:—How long can I _ this pen? —For a week.( ) A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. get 5. 改错:Can you borrow me your dictionary? 考点2:“动词+副词”短语的代词位置 详细讲解 单元核心短语如turn off、pick up等,均为“动词+副词”结构,核心规则: 代词(it/them)作宾语:必须放在动词与副词之间(turn it off) 名词作宾语:可放中间或后面(turn off the light = turn the light off) 典例 1. 选词填空:Please turn _(off it/it off)the TV. 2. 句型转换:She turned off the radio.(用代词改写) She turned _ _. 3. 完成句子:We should focus _(on it/it on)our study. 4. 单项选择:Don't throw _ away. It's useful.( ) A. it B. away it C. them D. away them 5. 翻译:请关掉水龙头并把它放好。 Please turn _ the tap and put _ away. 考点3:否定前缀un-的用法 详细讲解 否定前缀un-加在形容词前构成反义词,核心规则: 原词 加un-后的反义词 例句 happy(快乐的) unhappy(不快乐的) He is unhappy about the rules. tidy(整洁的) untidy(不整洁的) Her desk is untidy. friendly(友好的) unfriendly(不友好的) The boy is unfriendly to others. 典例 1. 选词填空:He is _(happy/unhappy)because he has too many rules. 2. 句型转换:Her room is tidy.(改为否定句) Her room is _. 3. 完成句子:It's _(polite/impolite)to jump the queue. 4. 单项选择:The boy is _ and he never talks to others.( ) A. friendly B. unfriendly C. happy D. unhappy 5. 翻译:他对这个结果不满意。 He is _ _ the result. 二、语法类考点 考点4:祈使句与情态动词的混合辨析 详细讲解 句式 语气特点 结构 例句 祈使句(Don't do) 直接、强硬 Don't+动词原形 Don't run in the hallway. 情态动词否定(can't/mustn't do) 委婉/严厉 主语+can't/mustn't+动词原形 You mustn't use phones in class. 典例 1. 选词填空:_(Don't/You mustn't)use your phone in class. 2. 句型转换:You can't litter here.(改为祈使句) _ _ here. 3. 完成句子:_(Be/You must be)polite to everyone. 4. 单项选择:_ late for the meeting. It's important.( ) A. Don't be B. You mustn't C. Can't be D. Not be 5. 改错:Don't you be noisy in the library. 考点5:句子重音规则 详细讲解 句子重音是单元语音考点,核心规则: 重读:名词、动词、形容词、副词等实词(突出重要信息) 弱读:介词、冠词、连词、人称代词等虚词(辅助信息) 典例 1. 选词填空:Which word is stressed in the sentence "Keep our school clean"?( ) A. Keep B. our C. school D. clean 2. 句型转换:标出句子重音:"We must follow the rules." 3. 完成句子:在句子中,_(实词/虚词)通常需要重读。 4. 单项选择:Which word is not stressed in "She has to wear uniform"?( ) A. has B. wear C. uniform D. She 5. 翻译:标出句子重音:"Don't eat snacks in class." 三、语音类考点 考点6:元音字母e及组合ea/ee/ear的发音 详细讲解 字母/组合 发音 例词 e(重读开音节) /i:/ he, these, we e(重读闭音节) /e/ bed, lend, pet ea /i:/ please, speak, tea ea /e/ head, bread, weather ee /i:/ tree, sleep, meet ear / / dear, hear, clear ear /e / bear, pear, wear 典例 1. 选词填空:Which word has the same sound as "she"?( ) A. bed B. these C. head D. pet 2. 句型转换:写出一个ea发/e/音的单词:_ 3. 完成句子:"ear"在"bear"中发_音。 4. 单项选择:Which word has a different sound?( ) A. tea B. head C. please D. sea 5. 翻译:写出一个e发/i:/音的单词:_ 07 语篇解读 核心语篇梳理 语篇类型 核心内容 阅读策略 听力对话(Section A 1b/1c/2a) 老师提醒学生遵守校规、学生之间介绍校规(不准迟到、穿校服、禁带手机等) 提取关键规则词汇(late, uniform, phone),通过问答定位规则细节,注意听力中的否定表达(can't, mustn't) 书信(Section B 1b) Alice向Dr Know求助(抱怨规则过多)、Dr Know回信解释规则的重要性 梳理“问题—原因—建议”逻辑链,抓住情态动词(have to, mustn't)和转折词(but),理解规则的积极意义 对话(Section A 2a) Tom(新生)向Anne询问校规(零食、手机、水果等规定) 聚焦“疑问—回答”结构,提取校规的具体要求,注意情景中的礼貌表达(Thanks for telling me) 长难句剖析 1. I have to hurry to school because I can't be late for school. 解析:主句I have to hurry to school,because引导原因状语从句;have to表客观义务,be late for为固定搭配;整句意为“我得赶快去学校,因为我上学不能迟到”。 2. When I'm at school, I mustn't use my phone in class either. 解析:when引导时间状语从句,主句用mustn't表禁止;either用于否定句末表“也”;整句意为“当我在学校时,我也不能在课堂上用手机”。 3. Rules can help to make the world better. 解析:help to do sth.中to可省略,make+宾语+adj.(better)为固定结构;整句意为“规则有助于让世界变得更好”。 08 写作指导(结构+模板+词句积累) 写作主题 1. 写一封关于规则的求助信(抱怨规则过多,寻求建议); 2. 介绍校规/家规/公共规则及遵守规则的意义; 3. 给他人的规则困惑提供建议。 写作结构(三段式模板) 开头:引出话题 I'm writing to you because I have trouble with too many rules in my life.(我写信是因为我的生活中有太多规则,让我很困扰。) There are some important rules in our school/ family, and they help us a lot.(我们学校/家里有一些重要的规则,它们对我们帮助很大。) As we all know, "No rules, no order". Rules play an important role in our daily life.(众所周知,“无规矩不成方圆”。规则在我们的日常生活中扮演着重要角色。) 中间:详细描述 1. 求助信类:描述规则及困扰 First, I have to _ before _. Second, I mustn't _ at school/ home. Third, I can't _ with my friends.(首先,我必须在……之前……。其次,我在学校/家里不能……。再次,我不能和朋友们……。) These rules make me unhappy because I have no time to relax/ play.(这些规则让我不开心,因为我没有时间放松/玩耍。) 2. 介绍规则类:说明规则及意义 Our main rules are as follows: First, _. Second, _. Third, _.(我们的主要规则如下:首先,……。其次,……。再次,……。) Following these rules can help us _(keep safe/ study better/ get along well).(遵守这些规则能帮助我们……。) 结尾:升华主题/寻求建议 I don't know what to do. Could you give me some advice?(我不知道该怎么办。你能给我一些建议吗?) Rules are not only restrictions but also protections. Let's follow rules to make our life better.(规则不仅是约束,更是保护。让我们遵守规则,让生活更美好。) I'm looking forward to your reply.(我期待您的回复。) 高频词句积累 类别 核心词汇/句型 规则描述 follow the rules(遵守规则)、break the rules(违反规则)、school rules(校规)、family rules(家规)、public rules(公共规则) 情态动词运用 have to(不得不)、must(必须)、mustn't(禁止)、can't(不能)、should(应该) 感受表达 unhappy(不开心的)、awful(糟糕的)、tired(疲惫的)、helpful(有帮助的)、important(重要的) 常用句型 It's important to follow rules.、Rules help to make the world better.、Don't...、You must/have to...、If you..., you will... 范文示例(求助信) Dear Dr Know, Can you help me? I'm Li Ming, an unhappy middle school student. There are too many rules in my life and I feel tired. Every morning, I have to get up at 6:30 and make my bed before breakfast. I can't be late for school, so I have to hurry every day. At school, I must wear the uniform and can't use my phone in class. After school, I have to finish my homework first before playing basketball. I can't hang out with my friends on weekdays either. I know some rules are good for me, but I really need some free time to relax. What can I do? Hope to hear from you soon. Yours, Li Ming 09 过关练习 一、单词适当形式填空(每小题2分,共10分) 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. We should follow the school _(rule)to keep order. 2. Don't _(litter)rubbish on the street. It's bad for the environment. 3. She is a _(polite)girl who always says "thank you" to others. 4. My parents often give me some useful _(advice)on my study. 5. He was _(absence)from the meeting because he was ill. 二、根据音标写单词(每小题2分,共10分) 根据所给音标写出对应的单词。 1. /'ju:nf :m/ _ 2. /sn k/ _ 3. /'h :lwe / _ 4. /'spa r t/ _ 5. /'wi:kde / _ 三、单项选择(每小题2分,共20分) 1. —_ do we need rules? —Because they can keep us safe.( ) A. What B. Why C. Where D. How 2. You _ wait for your turn. Don't jump the queue.( ) A. must B. can C. may D. need 3. Don't _ your mobile phone to class. You must keep it in the locker.( ) A. bring B. take C. carry D. get 4. —Can I eat snacks in class? —No, you _. It's against the school rules.( ) A. can B. can't C. must D. mustn't 5. He _ finish his homework first because his mother asks him to.( ) A. must B. has to C. can D. should 6. If you want to ask a question, you should _ your hand.( ) A. put up B. put down C. put on D. put off 7. The classroom is untidy. Let's _ it up.( ) A. make B. do C. tidy D. clean 8. —Would you like some juice? —_. I'm not thirsty.( ) A. Yes, please B. No, thanks C. Of course D. Sure 9. We should _ the rules to make our school better.( ) A. break B. follow C. make D. change 10. When you are in the library, you must talk _.( ) A. loud B. loudly C. quiet D. quietly 四、句型转换(每小题4分,共20分) 1. We can't use mobile phones in class.(改为祈使句) _ _ mobile phones in class. 2. He has to wear the school uniform.(改为一般疑问句) _ he _ _ wear the school uniform? 3. You mustn't litter on the floor.(改为同义句) _ _ on the floor. 4. She is unhappy because she has too many rules.(对画线部分提问) _ _ she unhappy? 5. If you follow the rules, you will be safe.(改为同义句) _ the rules, _ you will be safe. 五、短文填空(每小题2分,共10分) 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空,使短文通顺完整。(有两项多余) follow, mustn't, can, have to, rules, uniform, snack, arrive, polite, noisy There are many 1._ in our school. We must 2._ at school on time. We can't be late. We 3._ wear the school 4._ every day. We 5._ eat 6._ in class, but we 7._ eat fruit in the dining hall. We must be 8._ to our teachers and classmates. We 9._ be 10._ in the library. We have to follow these rules to make our school a better place. 六、短文改错(每小题2分,共10分) 找出短文中的错误并改正(每句一处错误)。 1. You must to arrive at school on time.( )_ 2. Don't make noise in class, and you will be punished.( )_ 3. She can't borrow me her pen because she needs it.( )_ 4. He is absent to school today because he is ill.( )_ 5. Follow the rules, or you will make the world better.( )_ 七、完形填空(每小题3分,共15分) Rules are important in our life. They help us live in order. Without rules, the world would be a mess. At school, we have many rules. We must 1._ the school uniform. We can't be late for class. We must 2._ quietly in the hallway and not run. We can't use mobile phones in class because we need to 3._ on our study. These rules help us study better and keep safe. At home, our parents make rules for us. We have to make our beds every morning. We can't watch TV 4._ finishing our homework. We must go to bed early. These rules help us develop good habits. In public places, there are also rules. We mustn't jump the queue. We must keep quiet in the library. We mustn't litter. These rules help people get along well. Rules are everywhere. They are not terrible. They help us become better people. We should 5._ them. 1. A. wear B. put C. dress D. take 2. A. walk B. run C. talk D. shout 3. A. focus B. think C. look D. listen 4. A. before B. after C. until D. when 5. A. break B. follow C. make D. change 八、阅读理解(每小题3分,共15分) Dear Dr Know, I'm Eric. I have too many rules at home and school. Every morning, I have to get up at 6:00 and clean my room. I can't let my desk get untidy. At school, I can't wear my own clothes. I have to wear the uniform. I can't wear my favourite cap either. After school, I can watch TV, but only after I finish my homework, walk the dog and do some housework. On weekends, I have to practise the violin every day. I never have time to play with my friends. I feel really unhappy. What can I do? Yours, Eric Dear Eric, It's not easy to follow so many rules, but they are good for you. Cleaning your room makes it tidy and comfortable. The school uniform helps you focus on learning, not fashion. Practising the violin can make you better at it. You can talk to your parents and teachers. Tell them how you feel. Maybe you can make a deal with them. For example, you can practise the violin for 30 minutes instead of an hour on weekends. You can also ask for some free time to play with your friends after finishing your tasks. Rules are there to help you, not to hurt you. Try to find joy in following them. Best wishes, Dr Know 根据短文内容,选择正确答案。 1. Why is Eric unhappy?( ) A. He has no friends. B. He has too many rules. C. He can't play the violin. D. He doesn't like his school. 2. What must Eric do every morning?( ) A. Practise the violin. B. Walk the dog. C. Clean his room. D. Do housework. 3. Can Eric wear his favourite cap at school?( ) A. Yes, he can. B. No, he can't. 4. What advice does Dr Know give Eric?( ) A. Break the rules. B. Talk to his parents and teachers. C. Give up playing the violin. D. Don't do housework. 5. What does Dr Know think of rules?( ) A. They are terrible. B. They are useless. C. They are good for Eric. D. They are too strict. 九、书面表达(共20分) 请以“My School Rules”为题,写一篇短文介绍你学校的规则及你的看法。 要求: 1. 运用本单元核心句型(Don't...、We must/have to...、Can we...?); 2. 至少介绍3条规则,说明遵守规则的意义及你的看法; 3. 语句通顺,语法正确,不少于80词。 答案与解析 一、重点语法典例答案与解析 语法1:祈使句 1. 答案:Don't 解析:祈使句否定式需用“Don't+动词原形”,Not不能单独引导祈使句否定形式。 2. 答案:Don't wear 解析:Do型祈使句变否定,直接在动词原形前加Don't。 3. 答案:follow 解析:Let's后接动词原形,表“让我们一起做某事”。 4. 答案:A 解析:“保持安静”是Be型祈使句,用“Be+表语(quiet)”,故选A。 5. 答案:Let's not run in the hallway. 解析:Let's not后直接接动词原形,to为多余成分,需去掉。 语法2:情态动词can、have to与must 1. 答案:have to 解析:“系安全带”是交通规则带来的客观义务,用have to;must表主观要求,不符合语境。 2. 答案:doesn't have to 解析:have to的否定式需借助助动词does,后接原形have to,表“不必”。 3. 答案:Can;can't 解析:询问“是否可以离开”用Can表许可;否定回答用can't表“不允许”,mustn't语气过重(表“禁止”)。 4. 答案:B 解析:must引导的疑问句否定回答用needn't或don't have to,表“不必”;mustn't表“禁止”,不符合语境,故选B。 5. 答案:She must follow the school rules. 解析:must是情态动词,后直接接动词原形,to为多余成分。 语法3:if/when引导的状语从句 1. 答案:study;will pass 解析:if引导条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”,从句用一般现在时(study),主句用一般将来时(will pass)。 2. 答案:will do 解析:主句改为一般将来时,用“will+动词原形”,从句时态不变(一般现在时表将来)。 3. 答案:arrives 解析:when引导时间状语从句,主语she是第三人称单数,谓语动词用arrives。 4. 答案:A 解析:if从句用一般现在时表将来,主语he是第三人称单数,be动词用is,故选A。 5. 答案:focus on 解析:“专注于”译为固定短语focus on,must后接动词原形。 二、考点速记典例答案与解析 考点1:易混动词辨析 1. 答案:borrowed;lent 解析:“从图书馆借书”是主语“借入”,用borrowed;“借给朋友”是主语“借出”,用lent。 2. 答案:got to/reached 解析:arrive at+小地点的同义表达是get to或reach,两者均直接接地点名词。 3. 答案:mustn't 解析:“禁止吸烟”表明确禁止,用mustn't;don't have to表“不必”,语气过轻。 4. 答案:C 解析:borrow和lend是短暂性动词,不可与“for a week”(一段时间)连用;keep是延续性动词,表“借用”,故选C。 5. 答案:Can you lend me your dictionary? 解析:“借给我”是主语“借出”,用lend;borrow表“借入”,搭配为borrow sth. from sb.,需替换。 考点2:“动词+副词”短语的代词位置 1. 答案:it off 解析:turn off是“动词+副词”结构,代词it需放在中间。 2. 答案:it off 解析:radio用代词it指代,遵循“代词中间”规则。 3. 答案:on it 解析:focus on是“动词+介词”结构,代词it需放在介词on后。 4. 答案:A 解析:throw away是“动词+副词”结构,代词it放中间,且后文用it指代,故选A。 5. 答案:off;it 解析:turn off接代词it放中间,put away接代词it也放中间,符合“代词中间”规则。 考点3:否定前缀un-的用法 1. 答案:unhappy 解析:“有太多规则”会让人不开心,用unhappy表否定。 2. 答案:untidy 解析:tidy的否定形式是加前缀un-,构成untidy(不整洁的)。 3. 答案:impolite 解析:polite的否定形式是加前缀im-(特殊情况),表“不礼貌的”。 4. 答案:B 解析:“从不和别人说话”说明不友好,friendly的否定形式是unfriendly,故选B。 5. 答案:unhappy about 解析:“对……不满意”译为be unhappy about,固定搭配,unhappy是happy的否定形式。 考点4:祈使句与情态动词的混合辨析 1. 答案:Don't/You mustn't 解析:两者均可表禁止,Don't更直接(祈使句),You mustn't语气更严厉(情态动词)。 2. 答案:Don't litter 解析:can't litter表禁止,对应的祈使句否定形式是Don't+动词原形。 3. 答案:Be 解析:祈使句更简洁,“Be polite”直接表达“要有礼貌”,符合语境。 4. 答案:A 解析:“不要迟到”是Be型祈使句否定形式,用“Don't be+表语(late)”,故选A。 5. 答案:Don't be noisy in the library. 解析:祈使句默认主语是you,无需额外添加you,直接用Don't be引导。 考点5:句子重音规则 1. 答案:A、C、D 解析:Keep(动词)、school(名词)、clean(形容词)是实词,需重读;our(形容词性物主代词,虚词)不重读。 2. 答案:'We 'must 'follow the 'rules. 解析:We(代词,强调主体)、must(情态动词,表义务)、follow(动词)、rules(名词)是核心信息,需重读;the(冠词,虚词)弱读。 3. 答案:实词 解析:实词承载句子核心意义,虚词仅起语法连接作用,故实词重读。 4. 答案:A 解析:has(助动词,虚词)不重读;She(代词)、wear(动词)、uniform(名词)是实词,需重读。 5. 答案:'Don't 'eat 'snacks in 'class. 解析:Don't(否定词,强调禁止)、eat(动词)、snacks(名词)、class(名词)是核心信息,需重读;in(介词,虚词)弱读。 考点6:元音字母e及组合ea/ee/ear的发音 1. 答案:B 解析:she中e发/i:/;these中e也发/i:/;bed、head、pet中e/ea发/e/,故选B。 2. 答案:bread/head/weather 解析:ea发/e/的常见单词有bread、head、weather等,任选其一即可。 3. 答案:/e / 解析:bear中ear是特殊发音,发/e /音,区别于dear中ear的/ /音。 4. 答案:B 解析:tea、please、sea中ea发/i:/;head中ea发/e/,发音不同,故选B。 5. 答案:he/me/these/we 解析:e在重读开音节中发/i:/,常见单词有he、me、these、we等,任选其一即可。 三、过关练习答案与解析 一、单词适当形式填空 1. 答案:rules 解析:rule为可数名词,前面无冠词,用复数形式rules表泛指“校规”。 2. 答案:litter 解析:Don't后接动词原形,litter为动词原形,表“乱扔”。 3. 答案:polite 解析:此处需形容词修饰名词girl,polite为形容词原级,表“有礼貌的”。 4. 答案:advice 解析:advice为不可数名词,无复数形式,some后接原形。 5. 答案:absent 解析:此处需形容词作表语,absence的形容词形式为absent,be absent from为固定搭配。 二、根据音标写单词 1. 答案:uniform 解析:根据音标拼写规则,/ju:n/对应uni,/f :m/对应form,组合为uniform(校服)。 2. 答案:snack 解析:音标/sn k/直接对应单词snack(点心;小吃)。 3. 答案:hallway 解析:/h :l/对应hall,/we /对应way,合成词hallway(走廊)。 4. 答案:spirit 解析:音标/'spa r t/对应单词spirit(精神;情绪)。 5. 答案:weekday 解析:/wi:k/对应week,/de /对应day,合成词weekday(工作日)。 三、单项选择 1. 答案:B 解析:答语用because回答原因,问句需用why提问,故选B。 2. 答案:A 解析:“不要插队”说明“必须排队”,must表主观要求,语气坚定,故选A。 3. 答案:A 解析:“把手机带到教室”译为bring sth. to class,bring表“从别处带到说话地”;take表“从说话地带走”,故选A。 4. 答案:B 解析:Can引导的一般疑问句否定回答用can't,表“不可以”;mustn't语气过重,故选B。 5. 答案:B 解析:“妈妈要求”是客观需求,have to表客观义务,有人称变化(he用has to),故选B。 6. 答案:A 解析:put up one's hand为固定短语,表“举手”;put down(放下)、put on(穿上)、put off(推迟)均不符合语境,故选A。 7. 答案:C 解析:tidy up为固定短语,表“整理;收拾”;clean up表“打扫干净”,此处强调“整理整洁”,故选C。 8. 答案:B 解析:“不渴”说明拒绝邀请,Would you like...的否定回答用No, thanks,礼貌得体,故选B。 9. 答案:B 解析:“让学校更好”需要“遵守规则”,follow the rules为固定短语,表“遵守规则”,故选B。 10. 答案:D 解析:talk为动词,需用副词修饰;library要求“轻声交谈”,quietly为副词,表“轻声地”;loudly表“大声地”,不符合语境,故选D。 四、句型转换 1. 答案:Don't use 解析:can't use表禁止,对应的祈使句否定形式为“Don't+动词原形”。 2. 答案:Does;have to 解析:have to的一般疑问句需借助助动词does(主语he为三单),后接原形have to。 3. 答案:Don't litter 解析:mustn't litter表禁止,同义表达为祈使句否定形式“Don't litter”。 4. 答案:Why is 解析:对原因状语从句提问用why,主语she为三单,be动词用is。 5. 答案:Follow;and 解析:“祈使句+and+陈述句”表条件,相当于if引导的条件状语从句,故开头用动词原形Follow。 五、短文填空 1. 答案:rules 解析:由后文“follow these rules”可知此处指“规则”,many后接复数rules。 2. 答案:arrive 解析:“准时到校”译为arrive at school on time,must后接动词原形。 3. 答案:have to 解析:“穿校服”是学校的客观要求,用have to表“不得不”。 4. 答案:uniform 解析:wear the school uniform为固定短语,表“穿校服”。 5. 答案:mustn't 解析:课堂上禁止吃零食,mustn't表“禁止”。 6. 答案:snacks 解析:snack为可数名词,此处用复数snacks表泛指“零食”。 7. 答案:can 解析:前后为转折关系,“不能在课堂吃零食,但能在餐厅吃水果”,can表“可以”。 8. 答案:polite 解析:be polite to sb.为固定短语,表“对某人有礼貌”。 9. 答案:mustn't 解析:图书馆禁止吵闹,mustn't表“禁止”。 10. 答案:noisy 解析:be后接形容词noisy,表“吵闹的”,符合“禁止在图书馆吵闹”的语境。 六、短文改错 1. 答案:to去掉 解析:must是情态动词,后接动词原形,to为多余成分。 2. 答案:and or 解析:前后句为“否定条件+结果”,or表“否则”,and表并列,逻辑不符,需替换。 3. 答案:borrow lend 解析:“借给我”是主语“借出”,用lend;borrow表“借入”,搭配为borrow sth. from sb.,需替换。 4. 答案:to from 解析:be absent from为固定短语,表“缺席……”,后接地点名词,to为介词误用。 5. 答案:or and 解析:前后句为“肯定条件+积极结果”,and表顺承,or表“否则”,逻辑不符,需替换。 七、完形填空 1. 答案:A 解析:wear表“穿着”的状态,后接衣物;put on表“穿”的动作;dress后接人;take表“拿走”,故选A。 2. 答案:A 解析:由“not run”可知此处指“轻声走路”,walk quietly符合校规要求,故选A。 3. 答案:A 解析:focus on为固定短语,表“专注于”,符合“课堂不用手机,专注学习”的语境,故选A。 4. 答案:A 解析:“完成作业前不能看电视”是常见家规,before表“在……之前”,符合逻辑,故选A。 5. 答案:B 解析:由前文“Rules help us become better people”可知,我们应该“遵守”规则,follow表“遵守”,故选B。 八、阅读理解 1. 答案:B 解析:由Eric的信开头“I have too many rules at home and school”及结尾“I feel really unhappy”可知,他因规则过多而不开心,故选B。 2. 答案:C 解析:由“Every morning, I have to get up at 6:00 and clean my room”可知,他每天早上必须打扫房间,故选C。 3. 答案:B 解析:由“I can't wear my favourite cap either”可知,他不能戴最喜欢的帽子,either表“也”,加强否定语气,故选B。 4. 答案:B 解析:由“You can talk to your parents and teachers”可知,Dr Know建议Eric与父母和老师沟通,故选B。 5. 答案:C 解析:由“It's not easy to follow so many rules, but they are good for you”可知,Dr Know认为规则对Eric有好处,故选C。 九、书面表达(参考范文) My School Rules There are many important rules in my school. They help us study better and live in a tidy environment. First, we must arrive at school on time. We can't be late for class, because being on time shows respect to our teachers. Second, we have to wear the school uniform every weekday. It makes us look united and saves time on choosing clothes. Third, we can't use mobile phones in class. We need to focus on lessons to improve our grades. Fourth, we mustn't litter. Keeping the school clean is everyone's duty. I think these rules are necessary. They not only keep order but also help us develop good habits. Following rules is a way to make our school a better place for everyone. 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $