内容正文:
Unit 1 Animal Friends(知识清单)
英语人教版 七年级下册
01 单元核心定位
单元核心
· 主题范畴:人与自然—自然生态
· 核心问题:Why are animals important?(为什么动物很重要?)
· 价值引领:Animals are our best friends.(动物是我们最好的朋友)
学习目标
1. 能谈论不同动物的名称、特征、栖息地及习性;
2. 能介绍自己最喜欢的动物及喜欢的原因;
3. 能运用形容词描述动物的外貌和性格;
4. 能理解动物与人类的依存关系,增强保护动物的意识。
02 核心词汇体系
名词
类别
单词/短语
音标
中文释义
核心拓展(复数/词缀/易混)
记忆方法
动物类
fox /fɒks/
n.
狐狸
复数:foxes;短语:sly as a fox(像狐狸一样狡猾);新义:n. 狡猾的人
形近词联想:box(盒子),foxes结尾加-es,可记“狐狸(fox)装在盒子(box)里,变复数都加-es”
wolf /wʊlf/
n.
狼
复数:wolves(不规则变化);短语:a wolf in sheep's clothing(披着羊皮的狼)
对比记忆:knife(小刀)→knives,f/fe结尾变v加-ves,wolf(狼)同理变wolves
eagle /ˈiːɡl/
n.
雕;鹰
复数:eagles;短语:a bald eagle(白头海雕)
发音联想:“伊格尔”,结合猛禽形象记忆,复数直接加-s
penguin /ˈpeŋɡwɪn/
n.
企鹅
复数:penguins;栖息地:Antarctica(南极洲)
拆分记忆:pen(钢笔)+ guin(谐音“归恩”),联想企鹅归巢场景,复数加-s
elephant /ˈelɪfənt/
n.
大象
复数:elephants;身体部位:trunk(象鼻)、neck(脖子)
语境记忆:elephants can pick up heavy things with trunks(大象能用鼻子搬重物),复数加-s
giraffe /dʒəˈrɑːf/
n.
长颈鹿
复数:giraffes;特征:long neck(长脖子)
谐音记忆:“杰拉夫”,联想长脖子形象,复数加-s
sheep /ʃiːp/
n.
绵羊
单复数同形;短语:a flock of sheep(一群绵羊)
形近词:sleep(睡觉),sheep(绵羊)睡觉在羊圈,单复数不变
mouse /maʊs/
n.
老鼠;鼠标
复数:mice(动物)/ mouses(鼠标);短语:a mouse in the house(屋里有只老鼠)
对比记忆:house(房子),老鼠(mouse)在房子里,动物复数变mice
其他核心
danger /ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/
n.
危险
形容词:dangerous(danger+-ous);反义词:safety(安全)
词缀记忆:-ous表“有……性质的”,danger(危险)→ dangerous(危险的),记“危险的事物有危险性质”
luck /lʌk/
n.
幸运;运气
短语:good luck(好运)、bad luck(不幸);形容词:lucky(luck+y)
语境记忆:elephants are a symbol of good luck(大象是好运的象征),luck变形容词加-y
trunk /trʌŋk/
n.
象鼻;树干
多义:trunk of a tree(树干);短语:use the trunk to carry things(用鼻子搬东西)
联想记忆:大象的鼻子像树干,功能是搬运物品,单复数同形
hearing /ˈhɪərɪŋ/
n.
听力;听觉
动词原形:hear(听);短语:have good hearing(听力好)
词缀记忆:hear(v. 听)+-ing→hearing(n.),类似reading(阅读),记“动词加-ing变名词”
动词
单词/短语
音标
中文释义
核心搭配
易混辨析
save /seɪv/
v.
救;储蓄;保存
save sb./sth.(救……)、save money(存钱)、save forests(拯救森林)
区别:save(拯救,表保护)vs kill(杀死,表伤害),例:We should save elephants, don't kill them
pick /pɪk/
v.
捡;摘;挑选
pick up(拿起/接人)、pick flowers(摘花)、pick apples(摘苹果)
pick up接代词放中间(pick it up),接名词可放前后(pick up a book = pick a book up)
carry /ˈkæri/
v.
拿;提;扛
carry heavy things(搬重物)、carry a bag(拎包)
carry(无方向,表负重搬运);take(有方向,表带走);bring(有方向,表带来);get(表来回取拿)
kill /kɪl/
v.
杀死;弄死;消磨时间
kill animals(杀动物)、kill time(消磨时间)、kill two birds with one stone(一石二鸟)
作“杀死”讲时为及物动词(kill animals),作“消磨时间”讲时为不及物动词(kill time)
guess /ɡes/
v.
猜测;估计
guess the animal(猜动物)、I guess so(我想是的)、I guess not(我想不是)
guess(表无依据猜测)vs know(表确定知道),例:Guess! It lives in the sea(猜一猜!它生活在海里)
形容词
单词/短语
音标
中文释义
核心用法
易混辨析
scary /ˈskeəri/
adj.
吓人的;恐怖的
修饰事物,可作定语(a scary snake)或表语(The snake is scary)
scary(修饰事物,表“事物令人害怕”)vs scared(修饰人,表“人感到害怕”),例:The scary lion makes her scared
dangerous /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/
adj.
危险的
修饰名词(前)或作表语:a dangerous animal(危险的动物)、It's dangerous
反义词:safe(安全的);词缀构成:danger(n.)+-ous→dangerous,记“有危险性质的”
friendly /ˈfrendli/
adj.
友好的
短语:be friendly to sb.(对某人友好);可作定语(a friendly dog)或表语(The dog is friendly)
注意:虽以-ly结尾,实为形容词,类似词:lively(活泼的)、lonely(孤单的);名词形式:friendship(友谊)
playful /ˈpleɪfl/
adj.
爱嬉戏的;爱玩的
修饰动物或人:playful monkeys(爱嬉戏的猴子)、a playful child(调皮的孩子)
词缀构成:play(v. 玩)+-ful→playful,表“充满玩耍性质的”,类似:careful(小心的)
blind /blaɪnd/
adj.
瞎的;失明的
短语:go blind(失明)、the blind(盲人,复数);可作表语(He is blind)或定语(a blind man)
名词形式:blindness(失明);拓展义:be blind to(对……视而不见),例:He is blind to his own mistakes
副词+兼类词
类别
单词/短语
音标
中文释义
核心用法
副词
however /haʊˈevə(r)/
adv.
然而;不过
可放句首、句中或句末,用逗号与句子其他成分隔开:However, they are in danger(然而,它们正处于危险之中)
quite /kwaɪt/
adv.
相当;完全
修饰形容词、副词或动词:quite big(相当大)、quite like(非常喜欢);短语:quite a lot(许多)、not...at all(一点也不)
兼类词
care /keə(r)/
n./v.
照顾;关心
名词:take care of(照顾)、take care(小心);动词:care about(关心)、care for(喜欢/照顾)
Thai /taɪ/
adj./n.
泰国的;泰国人;泰语
形容词:Thai food(泰国食物);名词:Thai(泰国人,复数Thais)、Thailand(泰国,名词)
03 核心短语与词块
短语
中文释义
例句
考点提示
look after = take care of
照顾;处理
Wolves take good care of their babies.(狼很会照顾它们的幼崽)
同义替换高频考点;take care(单独使用,表“小心”)、take care not to do(小心别做)
in danger
处于危险之中
Many wild animals are in danger now.(许多野生动物现在处于危险之中)
反义短语:out of danger(脱离危险);“in+抽象名词”表状态,类似:in trouble(困境中)
pick up
拿起;举起;接人
She picked up the pen and wrote down the word.(她拿起笔写下了这个单词)
代词作宾语放中间(pick it up),名词可放前后(pick up a book = pick a book up)
cut down
砍伐;减少
People shouldn't cut down trees randomly.(人们不应该随意砍伐树木)
代词放中间(cut them down);拓展义:cut down on(减少……的量),例:cut down on sugar(少吃糖)
made of / made from
由……制成
The table is made of wood.(桌子由木头制成);Paper is made from wood.(纸由木头制成)
made of(能看出原材料);made from(看不出原材料);拓展:made in(产地)、made by(制造者)
one another = each other
互相
Friends should help one another.(朋友之间应该互相帮助)
所有格形式:one another's = each other's(彼此的),例:They know one another's hobbies(他们知道彼此的爱好)
too many / too much / much too
太多/太多/太
too many books(太多书)、too much water(太多水)、much too cold(太冷)
too many+可数名词复数;too much+不可数名词;much too+形容词/副词
be good for / at / to / with
对……有益/擅长/友好/善于应付
Vegetables are good for health.(蔬菜对健康有益);She is good at singing.(她擅长唱歌)
固定搭配高频考点,需区分介词搭配对象:for接事物,at接技能,to接人,with接人/物
not...at all
一点也不
I don't like snakes at all.(我一点也不喜欢蛇)
加强否定语气,例:He isn't tired at all(他一点也不累)
a symbol of
……的象征
Pandas are a symbol of China.(熊猫是中国的象征)
后接名词,例:Dove is a symbol of peace(鸽子是和平的象征)
keep warm / clean
保持温暖/干净
We need to keep warm in winter.(冬天我们需要保持温暖)
keep+adj. 表“保持某种状态”,类似:keep quiet(保持安静)、keep safe(保持安全)
04 核心句型
询问与回应类
句型结构
中文含义
例句
考点提示
-What's your favourite animal?
-It's...
你最喜欢的动物是什么?
是……。
-What's your favourite animal?
-It's the panda.(—你最喜欢的动物是什么?—是熊猫。)
答语用“It's+动物名称”,复数动物用“They're+复数名词”,例:They're elephants(它们是大象)
-Why do you like...?
-Because...
你为什么喜欢……?
因为……。
-Why do you like dogs?
-Because they're friendly.(—你为什么喜欢狗?—因为它们很友好。)
because引导原因状语从句,不可省略;答语中because不能单独使用,需接完整句子
-Where are...from?
-They're from...
……来自哪里?
它们来自……。
-Where are tigers from?
-They're from Asia.(—老虎来自哪里?—它们来自亚洲。)
同义句型:Where do...come from?,例:Where do penguins come from?(企鹅来自哪里?)
-What does it look like?
-It's/It has...
它长什么样?
它是……/它有……。
-What does the giraffe look like?
-It's tall and has a long neck.(—长颈鹿长什么样?—它很高,有长长的脖子。)
询问外貌特征;区别:What's it like?(询问性格/品质),例:What's the dog like?(这只狗怎么样?—It's gentle.)
建议与祈使类
句型结构
中文含义
例句
考点提示
Let's + 动词原形.
让我们做……吧。
Let's go to the zoo this weekend.(这个周末我们去动物园吧。)
否定形式:Let's not + 动词原形,例:Let's not hurt animals(我们不要伤害动物)
Don't + 动词原形.
不要做……。
Don't feed the animals in the zoo.(不要在动物园里喂动物。)
祈使句否定式,直接在动词原形前加Don't;拓展:No+名词/动名词(No smoking)
Can you please + 动词原形?
你能……吗?(礼貌请求)
Can you please pass me the dictionary?(你能把字典递给我吗?)
答语:Yes, sure./Sorry, I can't.;比Can you...? 更礼貌,适合正式场景
描述与表达类
句型结构
中文含义
例句
考点提示
It looks + 形容词.
它看起来……。
The baby panda looks very cute.(这只熊猫宝宝看起来很可爱。)
look作系动词,后接形容词作表语,类似系动词:sound(听起来)、taste(尝起来)
Sb. can + 动词原形.
某人能做……。
Elephants can carry heavy things.(大象能搬运重物。)
can表能力,否定式can't,疑问句:Can sb. + 动词原形?,例:Can birds fly?(鸟会飞吗?)
It's + 形容词 + to + 动词原形.
做某事是……的。
It's important to protect animals.(保护动物是重要的。)
it为形式主语,真正主语是后面的不定式(to protect animals),例:It's easy to learn English(学英语很简单)
05 重点语法
语法1:what/where/why引导的特殊疑问句
详细讲解
特殊疑问句以特殊疑问词开头,用于对具体信息提问,回答时不能用yes/no,需直接回应问题核心。本单元重点聚焦what(事物/喜好)、where(地点/来源)、why(原因)三类疑问词,核心规则如下:
1. 语序规则:特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序(be动词/助动词提前);若作宾语从句,需用陈述句语序(引导词+主语+谓语)。
2. 疑问词用法:
· what:对“事物、喜好、特征”提问,后接be动词或助动词do/does(第三人称单数)。
· where:对“地点、来源”提问,后接be动词(与from搭配)或助动词do/does(与come from搭配)。
· why:对“原因”提问,后接助动词do/does,答语必须用because引导完整句子,不可省略。
3. 主谓一致:疑问词后的be动词或助动词需根据主语单复数调整(主语为第三人称单数时用is/does)。
典例
1. 选词填空:—______ do you like elephants? —Because they're smart.(What/Why/Where)
2. 句型转换:Giraffes are from Africa.(对画线部分提问)→ ______ ______ giraffes from?
3. 完成句子:Can you tell me where the penguins ______ from?(be/do/does)
4. 单项选择:—______ is your favourite animal? —It's the cat.( )
A. Who B. What C. Where D. When
5. 改错:Why do she like rabbits?(找出错误并改正)→ ______
语法2:形容词用法
详细讲解
形容词用于描述人或事物的属性、特征,在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语,核心规则如下:
1. 作定语:修饰名词,通常放名词前(a dangerous animal);修饰复合不定代词(something/anything/nothing)时,需放不定代词后(something interesting)。
2. 作表语:放系动词(be/look/sound/taste/feel等)后,说明主语状态(The snake looks scary)。
3. 作宾语补足语:放宾语后,补充说明宾语的性质(We keep the cage clean)。
4. 易混辨析:部分形容词需区分修饰对象(如scary修饰事物,scared修饰人),部分以-ly结尾的词实为形容词(friendly/lovely/lonely)。
典例
1. 选词填空:The ______(scary/scared)tiger makes the girl ______(scary/scared).
2. 句型转换:There is something interesting in the storybook.(改为一般疑问句)→ Is there ______ ______ in the storybook?
3. 完成句子:My new neighbor is a ______(friend/friendly)person.
4. 单项选择:The cake tastes ______. We all want more.( )
A. good B. well C. better D. best
5. 翻译:请在课堂上保持教室干净。→ Please keep the classroom ______ during the class.
语法3:可数名词复数
详细讲解
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,用于表示“两个及以上”的数量,复数变化规则如下(含规则变化和不规则变化):
1. 规则变化:
· 一般情况:词尾加-s(eagle→eagles、giraffe→giraffes)。
· s/x/ch/sh结尾:词尾加-es(fox→foxes、box→boxes、dish→dishes)。
· 辅音+y结尾:变y为i加-es(family→families、party→parties)。
· f/fe结尾:变f/fe为v加-ves(wolf→wolves、knife→knives)。
· o结尾:有生命的加-es(tomato→tomatoes、potato→potatoes);无生命的加-s(photo→photos、piano→pianos)。
2. 不规则变化:
· 单复数同形:sheep→sheep、Chinese→Chinese、Japanese→Japanese。
· 特殊变化:mouse→mice、child→children、man→men、tooth→teeth。
3. 主谓一致:复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式(Wolves are dangerous)。
典例
1. 选词填空:These ______(wolf/wolves)are from the forest.
2. 句型转换:There is a child watching the animals.(改为复数句)→ There are three ______ watching the animals.
3. 完成句子:A group of ______(sheep/sheeps)is eating grass on the hill.
4. 单项选择:I bought two ______ and some apples yesterday.( )
A. fox B. foxs C. foxes D. foxen
5. 改错:How many tomato are there in the basket?(找出错误并改正)→ ______
语法4:宾语从句语序
详细讲解
宾语从句是作宾语的从句,通常跟在动词(like/know/tell等)或介词后,核心规则如下:
1. 语序规则:必须用陈述句语序(引导词+主语+谓语),不能用疑问句语序(引导词+助动词/be动词+主语)。
2. 引导词:可由what/where/how/why等特殊疑问词充当,也可由that(可省略)充当。
3. 时态一致:主句为一般过去时,从句需用相应过去时态(He asked where the zoo was);主句为一般现在时,从句时态根据实际情况确定。
典例
1. 选词填空:I like how ______(they/do they)walk.
2. 句型转换:Where is the zoo?(改为宾语从句)→ Can you tell me where ______ ______?
3. 完成句子:She doesn't know what ______(the animal/does the animal)look like.
4. 单项选择:He asked why ______ late for the zoo trip.( )
A. was she B. she was C. is she D. she is
5. 翻译:我想知道熊猫每天吃什么。→ I wonder what ______ ______ every day.
语法5:祈使句的否定形式
详细讲解
祈使句用于表达命令、建议、禁止等语气,主语通常省略(默认是you),否定形式的核心规则如下:
1. 基本结构:Don't + 动词原形 + 其他(Don't run in the zoo)。
2. 语气加强:可在句首加Never(Never hurt animals),语气比Don't更强。
3. 特殊禁止:No + 名词/动名词(No smoking = Don't smoke),常用于标语、警示语。
4. 礼貌禁止:Can you please not + 动词原形(Can you please not feed the animals),语气更委婉。
典例
1. 选词填空:______(Not/Don't)cut down trees. It's bad for the environment.
2. 句型转换:Play with dangerous animals.(改为否定祈使句)→ ______ ______ with dangerous animals.
3. 完成句子:______(Don't/Doesn't)give the monkeys your food. It's not good for them.
4. 单项选择:______ be scared of small animals. Most of them are friendly.( )
A. Not B. Don't C. Doesn't D. Isn't
5. 翻译:不要在动物园里跑。→ ______ ______ in the zoo. It's dangerous.
06 考点速记
一、词汇类考点
考点1:名词复数的所有变化规则
详细讲解
名词复数变化是单元核心词汇考点,需全面掌握规则变化和不规则变化,尤其注意易混淆的特殊变化(如f/fe结尾、o结尾、单复数同形):
1. 规则变化重点:s/x/ch/sh结尾加-es,辅音+y结尾变y为i加-es,f/fe结尾变v加-ves,o结尾分“有生命/无生命”。
2. 不规则变化重点:单复数同形(sheep/Chinese)、特殊变化(mouse→mice、child→children),需单独记忆,避免混淆。
3. 易错点:wolf→wolves(不是wolfs)、fox→foxes(不是foxs)、tomato→tomatoes(不是tomatos)。
典例
1. 选词填空:There are five ______(fox/foxes)and two ______(mouse/mice)in the zoo.
2. 句型转换:I saw a wolf and some sheep in the mountain.(改为复数句)→ I saw three ______ and some ______ in the mountain.
3. 完成句子:How many ______(tomato/tomatoes)do you want to buy?
4. 单项选择:These ______ are very active in the morning.( )
A. child B. childs C. children D. childrens
5. 改错:There are some dish on the table.(找出错误并改正)→ ______
考点2:形容词后缀拓展(-ous/-ful/-ly)
详细讲解
形容词后缀是构词法核心考点,单元重点涉及-ous、-ful、-ly三类后缀,规则如下:
1. -ous:加在名词后,表“有……性质的”(danger→dangerous、fame→famous、mountain→mountainous)。
2. -ful:加在名词/动词后,表“充满……的”(play→playful、care→careful、wonder→wonderful)。
3. -ly:部分加在名词后构成形容词(friend→friendly、love→lovely),注意区分副词后缀-ly(quick→quickly)。
4. 易错点:friendly是形容词(不是副词),其副词形式为in a friendly way(不是friendlily)。
典例
1. 选词填空:The ______(danger/dangerous)storm stopped us from going out.
2. 句型转换:She is a care girl who always helps others.(改错并改写)→ She is a ______ girl who always helps others.
3. 完成句子:The movie we watched yesterday is very ______(wonder/wonderful).
4. 单项选择:He is a ______ student who often shares his books with classmates.( )
A. help B. helpful C. helpfully D. helping
5. 翻译:这只狗很爱嬉戏,总是和孩子们玩。→ The dog is ______ and always plays with the kids.
考点3:动词短语的代词位置
详细讲解
单元核心动词短语多为“动词+副词”型(pick up、cut down、put away等),代词作宾语时的位置是高频考点:
1. 核心规则:代词(it/them)作宾语时,必须放在动词和副词之间(pick it up、cut them down)。
2. 名词作宾语:可放在动词和副词之间,也可放在副词之后(pick up a book = pick a book up)。
3. 易错点:不可说pick up it、cut down them,需牢记“代词中间,名词随意”的口诀。
典例
1. 选词填空:Pick ______(it/it up)and put ______(them/them away).
2. 句型转换:Can you cut down the old trees?(用代词改写)→ Can you cut ______ ______?
3. 完成句子:She picked ______(it/up it)and took ______(it/it up)home.
4. 单项选择:Please put ______ away before you leave.( )
A. them B. away them C. them away D. it away them
5. 翻译:他拿出它并展示给朋友们看。→ He took ______ ______ and showed ______ to his friends.
二、语法类考点
考点4:what's...like与what does...look like的区别
详细讲解
两者均为特殊疑问句,但提问对象不同,极易混淆,核心区别如下:
1. what's...like:
· 提问对象:人/事物的“性格、品质、特征”(不局限于外貌)。
· 答语:用描述性格/品质的形容词(friendly/kind/scary等)。
· 例句:-What's the dog like? -It's gentle.(—这只狗怎么样?—它很温顺。)
2. what does...look like:
· 提问对象:人/事物的“外貌、外形”(仅限外在形象)。
· 答语:用描述外貌的形容词或“have/has+身体部位”(tall/short/has a long neck等)。
· 例句:-What does the elephant look like? -It's huge and has big ears.(—大象长什么样?—它很大,有大大的耳朵。)
3. 易错点:不可用what does...like(缺少look)提问外貌,what does...like是“某人喜欢什么”(-What does she like? -She likes cats.)。
典例
1. 选词填空:—______(What/How)is your pet dog like? —It's friendly.
2. 句型转换:What does your new cat look like?(改为同义句,提问外貌)→ ______ ______ your new cat ______?
3. 完成句子:—______(What/How)is the panda like? —It's cute and lazy.
4. 单项选择:—______ does your rabbit look like? —It has long ears and red eyes.( )
A. What B. How C. Where D. Why
5. 翻译:你哥哥是什么样的人?他很善良且乐于助人。→ —______ ______ your brother ______? —He is kind and helpful.
考点5:because引导原因状语从句
详细讲解
because用于引导原因状语从句,回答why引导的问句,核心规则如下:
1. 基本用法:because后接完整句子(不能单独用because回答),例:-Why do you like birds? -Because they can sing.(不能只答Because.)
2. 易错点:because和so不能同时使用(不能说Because it's rainy, so we stay at home.),需择一使用。
3. 语气加强:可加just(just because,只是因为)、only(only because,仅仅因为),例:I like it only because it's unique.(我喜欢它只是因为它很特别。)
典例
1. 选词填空:He likes pandas ______(because/so)they are cute and rare.
2. 句型转换:Why do you like parrots? Because they can talk.(合并为一句)→ He likes parrots ______ ______ can talk.
3. 完成句子:She doesn't like snakes ______(because/so)they are scary.
4. 单项选择:—Why are you late? —______ I missed the bus.( )
A. Because B. So C. But D. And
5. 翻译:他待在家里是因为他生病了。→ He stayed at home ______ he was ill.
考点6:in+抽象名词表状态
详细讲解
“in+抽象名词”是固定结构,表人或事物所处的状态,单元重点涉及以下短语:
1. 核心短语:in danger(危险中)、in trouble(困境中)、in peace(和平中)、in excitement(兴奋中)、in anger(气愤地)。
2. 结构特点:抽象名词前不加冠词,例:in danger(不是in the danger)。
3. 反义短语:in danger→out of danger(脱离危险)、in trouble→out of trouble(摆脱困境)。
4. 用法:可作表语(The animal is in danger)或状语(He spoke in anger)。
典例
1. 选词填空:We should help animals ______(in/on)danger.
2. 句型转换:The old man is in trouble.(改为一般疑问句)→ ______ the old man ______ ______?
3. 完成句子:Animals in the reserve live ______(in/on)peace.
4. 单项选择:The children shouted ______ excitement when they saw the pandas.( )
A. in B. on C. at D. for
5. 翻译:这个病人现在脱离危险了。→ The patient is ______ ______ ______ now.
三、语音类考点
考点7:元音字母a和字母组合ai/ay/al/aw的发音
详细讲解
单元语音重点涉及元音字母a及组合ai/ay/al/aw的重读音节发音,核心规则如下:
1. a的发音:
· 重读开音节(元音结尾或辅元辅e结构):/eɪ/(game、make、cake)。
· 重读闭音节(辅元辅结构):/æ/(fat、cat、bag)。
· wh/w后:/ɒ/(what、watch、want)。
· f/s/th前:/ɑː/(fast、glass、path)。
2. ai/ay的发音:多为/eɪ/(rain、train、play、day)。
3. al/aw的发音:多为/ɔː/(small、walk、draw、saw)。
典例
1. 选词填空:Which word has the same sound as "game"?(cat/make)→ ______
2. 句型转换:写出一个a发/æ/音的单词:______(cake/map)
3. 完成句子:Which word has the sound /ɔː/?(small/fast)→ ______
4. 单项选择:Which word has the same sound as "rain"?( )
A. cat B. play C. map D. bag
5. 翻译:写出一个a发/ɒ/音的单词:______(what/make)
考点8:可数名词复数词尾-(e)s的读音
详细讲解
可数名词复数词尾-(e)s的读音取决于前面的音素,核心规则如下:
1. 清辅音(k/p/t等)后:读/s/(books、pets、cats)。
2. 浊辅音(g/d/m等)和元音后:读/z/(dogs、birds、giraffes)。
3. s/z/ʃ/tʃ/dʒ等音后:读/ɪz/(foxes、boxes、dishes、oranges)。
4. 记忆口诀:清辅/s/,浊元/z/,s/z/ʃ/tʃ/dʒ后读/ɪz/。
典例
1. 选词填空:Which word's -(e)s sounds /s/?(cats/dogs)→ ______
2. 句型转换:写出一个-(e)s读/z/的单词:______(books/bags)
3. 完成句子:Which word's -(e)s sounds /ɪz/?(foxes/lions)→ ______
4. 单项选择:Which word's -(e)s sounds different?( )
A. boxes B. dishes C. oranges D. lions
5. 翻译:写出一个-(e)s读/s/的单词:______(pens/desks)
考点9:弱读规则
详细讲解
单词在句中可强读也可弱读,虚词(a/an/the/of/can/to等)多弱读,核心规则如下:
1. a:强读/ei/,弱读/ə/(a book读作/ə bʊk/)。
2. an:强读/æn/,弱读/ən/(an apple读作/ən ˈæpl/)。
3. of:强读/ɒv/,弱读/əv/(a cup of tea读作/ə kʌp əv tiː/);在辅音前弱读为/ə/(a bag of rice读作/ə bæg ə raɪs/)。
4. the:强读/ðiː/,元音前弱读/ði/(the elephant读作/ði ˈelɪfənt/),辅音前弱读/ðə/(the cat读作/ðə kæt/)。
5. can:强读/kæn/,弱读/kən/(I can swim读作/aɪ kən swɪm/)。
6. to:强读/tuː/,元音前弱读/tu/(to Africa读作/tu ˈæfrɪkə/),辅音前弱读/tə/(to school读作/tə skuːl/)。
典例
1. 选词填空:The weak form of "a" is ______(/ei/:/ə/).
2. 句型转换:I want a bag of apples.(用弱读形式改写)→ I want ______ bag ______ apples.
3. 完成句子:The weak form of "the" before "cat" is ______(/ðiː/:/ðə/).
4. 单项选择:The weak form of "can" is ______( )
A. /kæn/ B. /kən/ C. /keɪn/ D. /kɑːn/
5. 翻译:她能游泳。(用can的弱读形式)→ She ______ swim.
07 语篇解读
核心语篇梳理
语篇类型
核心内容
阅读策略
对话
谈论企鹅的外貌、栖息地、食物和能力(不会飞、游得快,生活在寒冷地区)
提取关键信息(name/looks/home/food/ability),用表格分类整理,快速定位关键词
帖子
介绍大象的特征(庞大、长鼻子)、习性(爱嬉戏、会游泳)、文化意义(泰国国宝)、生存危机及保护措施
用思维导图梳理“特征—习性—文化—危机—保护”逻辑链,抓住however、so等逻辑词
帖子
介绍导盲犬的特征(友好、听力灵敏)、功能(帮助盲人找路、保障安全)、与主人的亲密关系
聚焦“动物对人类的帮助”,提取help、can等功能型词汇,理解动物的实用价值
长难句剖析
1. For example, they can remember one another and places with food and water after many years.
(解析:主语they,谓语can remember,宾语是one another和places;with food and water作后置定语,修饰places;after many years作时间状语,整句意为“例如,它们许多年后还能记得彼此以及有食物和水的地方”)
2. They look after other elephants when they don't feel well.
(解析:主句为They look after other elephants,when引导时间状语从句(当……的时候);feel well表“身体舒服”,整句意为“当其他大象身体不舒服时,它们会照顾它们”)
3. Let's save the forests and not buy things made of ivory.
(解析:and连接两个并列祈使句,第二个祈使句承前省略let's;made of ivory作后置定语,修饰things;整句意为“让我们拯救森林,不要买象牙制品”)
08 写作指导(结构+模板+词句积累)
写作主题
1. 介绍最喜欢的动物(宠物/野生动物);
2. 保护濒危动物(现状+措施+呼吁)。
写作结构(三段式模板)
开头:引出话题
· Today I want to talk about my favourite animal — ______.(今天我想谈论我最喜欢的动物——……)
· As we all know, ______ are our best friends. They play an important role in nature.(众所周知,……是我们最好的朋友,它们在自然界中扮演着重要角色)
中间:详细介绍
1. 外貌+习性:They are ______(形容词:black and white/huge/cute). They have ______(特征:long trunk/big ears). They like ______(食物:bamboo/fish)and ______(习性:climbing trees/swimming).
2. 现状(濒危动物):However, they are in danger now. People cut down ______(栖息地:forests/grasslands)and kill them for ______(原因:ivory/fur). They are losing their homes.
3. 保护措施:To save them, we should (措施1:build nature reserves)、(措施2:stop cutting down trees)and ______(措施3:tell people to care for them).
结尾:升华主题
· Pandas are a symbol of China. We need to save them and live in peace with nature.(大熊猫是中国的象征,我们需要保护它们,与自然和平共处)
· Every animal counts. Let's work together to protect animals and make the world better.(每一只动物都很重要,让我们一起保护动物,让世界变得更美好)
高频词句积累
类别
核心词汇/句型
外貌描述
fat and hairy(胖胖的毛茸茸的)、small ears(小耳朵)、long neck(长脖子)、black and white(黑白相间的)、cute(可爱的)、huge(庞大的)
习性描述
eat bamboo(吃竹子)、climb trees(爬树)、swim fast(游得快)、sleep a lot(睡得多)、play in the water(在水里玩)
保护措施
build nature reserves(建立自然保护区)、stop killing animals(停止杀动物)、save forests(拯救森林)、tell sb. to care for(告诉某人关爱)、don't buy ivory products(不买象牙制品)
常用句型
I love...because...、They can...、It's important to...、Let's...、We should...、However, they are in danger now.
范文示例(My favourite animal — Pandas)
Hello, everyone. I'm Li Hua. Today I want to talk about my favourite animal — pandas.
Pandas are black and white with small ears and a short tail. They look cute and fat. Most of them live in Sichuan, China. They like eating bamboo and climbing trees. They sleep for about 10 hours a day. However, pandas are in danger because people cut down too many bamboo forests. They have few babies, maybe only one every two years.
To save pandas, we should build more nature reserves and stop cutting down bamboo. We can also tell our friends to care for them. Pandas are a symbol of China and an important part of nature. Let's save them together!
Thanks for your listening.
09 过关练习
一、单词拼写(每小题2分,共10分)
根据句意及首字母或中文提示补全单词。
1. Elephants are a s______ of good luck in Thailand.(象征)
2. Don't k______ animals for their fur or ivory.(杀死)
3. The wolf has thick f______ to keep warm in winter.(软毛)
4. Many wild animals are in d______ because of human activities.(危险)
5. She is b______, so her dog helps her walk safely.(失明的)
二、单项选择(每小题2分,共20分)
1. —______ do you like giraffes? —Because they're tall and interesting.( )
A. What B. Why C. Where D. How
2. These ______ are from Africa. They have long trunks.( )
A. elephant B. elephants C. elephant's D. elephants'
3. Don't ______ the trees. They are home to many animals.( )
A. cut down B. cut up C. cut out D. cut off
4. The snake looks ______, but it's not ______ at all.( )
A. scary;dangerous B. scared;dangerous C. scary;danger D. scared;danger
5. —What ______ your cat ______? —It's small and white.( )
A. does;like B. is;like C. does;look like D. is;look like
6. We should ______ the animals in danger and ______ them safe.( )
A. save;keep B. kill;make C. save;take D. kill;let
7. There is ______ interesting in the newspaper about pandas.( )
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
8. —Can you ______ this heavy box for me? —Sure.( )
A. carry B. take C. bring D. get
9. —Where ______ the penguins ______? —Antarctica.( )
A. do;from B. are;come from C. do;come from D. are;from
10. The table is ______ wood. It's very strong.( )
A. made in B. made of C. made from D. made by
三、句型转换(每小题4分,共20分)
1. I like monkeys because they're clever.(对画线部分提问)
______ ______ you like monkeys?
2. Pandas are from China.(改为同义句)
Pandas ______ ______ China.
3. Don't play with dangerous animals.(改为肯定祈使句)
______ ______ with friendly animals.
4. The elephant is huge and has a long trunk.(对画线部分提问)
______ ______ the elephant ______ ______?
5. We should save the forests.(改为let's句型)
______ ______ the forests.
四、短文填空(每小题2分,共10分)
danger、friend、save、cut、kill、playful、from、look、because、they、with、be
用方框中所给词的适当形式填空,使短文通顺完整。(有两项多余)
Elephants are my favourite animals. They 1.______ from Thailand. They are very big and 2.______. They like to play in the water, so they are 3.______. Elephants can help people carry heavy things 4.______ their trunks. However, they are in 5.______ now. Some people 6.______ down trees and 7.______ elephants for their ivory. We must 8.______ them. Let's stop buying things made of ivory and plant more trees. Elephants are our 9.______ friends. We should live in peace 10.______ them.
五、短文改错(每小题2分,共10分)
找出短文中的错误并改正(每句一处错误)。
1. Why do you like lions? Because they are very scary.( )______
2. There are many wolfs in the forest.( )______
3. The dog is made of our best friend.( )______
4. She is good at play the piano.( )______
5. Because it's raining, so we can't go to the zoo.( )______
六、完形填空(每小题3分,共15分)
My favourite animal is the elephant. Elephants are very big and strong. They have long trunks and large ears. They can 1.______ heavy things with their trunks. They are also very 2.______. For example, they can remember places with food and water for many years.Elephants live in forests in Africa and Asia. But now they are in 3.______. People cut down too many trees, so they lose their homes. Some people also kill them for their ivory. It's sad to see that.
We must save elephants. We should not buy things made of ivory. We can also plant more trees to give them a safe home. Elephants are a symbol of good luck in many countries. They are our friends. 4.______ elephants is to save ourselves. Let's 5.______ together to protect them.
1. A. carry B. take C. bring D. get
2. A. scary B. clever C. dangerous D. lazy
3. A. peace B. trouble C. danger D. excitement
4. A. Saving B. Killing C. Playing D. Cutting
5. A. work B. play C. run D. jump
七、阅读理解(每小题3分,共15分)
Elephants: Our Friends in Danger
Elephants are huge animals. They have long trunks, large ears and thick legs. They can use their trunks to pick up food, drink water and carry heavy things. They are very clever. They can remember their family members and places for many years. Elephants are playful, too. They love to play in the water with their friends.
In Thailand, elephants are a symbol of good luck and an important part of culture. People celebrate Thai Elephant Day on 13 March every year. But elephants are in great danger now. People cut down forests to build houses and farms. Elephants have no place to live. Some people kill elephants for their ivory to make money.
What can we do to help? First, we should not buy things made of ivory. Second, we can plant more trees to make forests for elephants. Third, we can tell our family and friends about the danger of elephants. Every elephant counts. Let's save them!
根据短文内容,选择正确答案。
1. What can elephants NOT do with their trunks?( )
A. Pick up food. B. Drink water. C. Carry heavy things. D. Run fast.
2. When is Thai Elephant Day?( )
A. On 3 March. B. On 13 March. C. On 3 May. D. On 13 May.
3. Why are elephants in danger?( )
① People cut down forests. ② People kill them for ivory. ③ Elephants can't find food.
A. ①② B. ①③ C. ②③ D. ①②③
4. What does the underlined word "counts" mean?( )
A. 数数 B. 重要 C. 死亡 D. 奔跑
5. What is the writer's purpose?( )
A. To introduce elephants' features. B. To celebrate Thai Elephant Day.
C. To ask people to save elephants. D. To tell people about Thai culture.
八、书面表达(共20分)
请以“My Favourite Animal”为题,写一篇短文介绍你最喜欢的动物。
要求:
1. 运用本单元核心句型(What's your favourite animal?、Why do you like...?、It looks...、It can...);
2. 包含外貌、习性、栖息地及喜欢的原因,可适当加入保护建议;
3. 语句通顺,语法正确,不少于80词。
答案与解析
重点语法典例答案与解析
语法1:what/where/why引导的特殊疑问句
1. Why
解析:答语用because,问句需用why提问原因,故填Why。
2. Where are
解析:对地点“Africa”提问用where,主语giraffes是复数,be动词用are,故填Where are。
3. are
解析:宾语从句用陈述句语序,be from表“来自”,主语penguins是复数,故填are。
4. B
解析:询问“最喜欢的动物是什么”,用what提问事物,故选B。
5. Why does she like rabbits?
解析:主语she是第三人称单数,助动词用does,原句do错误,改为does。
语法2:形容词用法
1. scary;scared
解析:scary修饰事物(老虎),表“吓人的”;scared修饰人(女孩),表“害怕的”,故填scary;scared。
2. anything interesting
解析:一般疑问句中something变anything,形容词仍放后面,故填anything interesting。
3. friendly
解析:friendly是形容词“友好的”,修饰名词person,friend是名词,故填friendly。
4. A
解析:taste是系动词,后接形容词good表“尝起来美味”;well作形容词时表“健康的”,不符合语境,故选A。
5. clean
解析:“保持干净”译为keep clean,形容词作宾语补足语,故填clean。
语法3:可数名词复数
1. wolves
解析:these后接复数,wolf的复数是wolves,故填wolves。
2. children
解析:a child的复数是children,故填children。
3. sheep
解析:sheep单复数同形,故填sheep。
4. C
解析:fox以x结尾,复数加-es,故选C。
5. How many tomatoes are there in the basket?
解析:tomato的复数是tomatoes,原句tomato错误,改为tomatoes。
语法4:宾语从句语序
1. they
解析:宾语从句用陈述句语序,不用助动词do,故填they。
2. the zoo is
解析:宾语从句用陈述句语序,故填the zoo is。
3. the animal
解析:宾语从句用陈述句语序,不用助动词does,故填the animal。
4. B
解析:主句是过去时,从句需用过去时,且用陈述句语序,故选B。
5. pandas eat
解析:宾语从句用陈述句语序,主语pandas是复数,谓语用原形eat,故填pandas eat。
语法5:祈使句的否定形式
1. Don't
解析:祈使句否定式用Don't+动词原形,故填Don't。
2. Don't play
解析:肯定祈使句变否定句加Don't,故填Don't play。
3. Don't
解析:祈使句否定式用Don't+动词原形,故填Don't。
4. B
解析:祈使句否定式用Don't+动词原形,故选B。
5. Don't run
解析:“不要跑”译为Don't run,故填Don't run。
考点速记典例答案与解析
一、词汇类考点
考点1:名词复数的所有变化规则
1. foxes;mice
解析:fox的复数是foxes,mouse的复数是mice,故填foxes;mice。
2. wolves;sheep
解析:wolf的复数是wolves,sheep单复数同形,故填wolves;sheep。
3. tomatoes
解析:tomato的复数是tomatoes,故填tomatoes。
4. C
解析:child的复数是children,故选C。
5. There are some dishes on the table.
解析:dish的复数是dishes,原句dish错误,改为dishes。
考点2:形容词后缀拓展(-ous/-ful/-ly)
1. dangerous
解析:danger的形容词是dangerous,修饰名词storm,故填dangerous。
2. careful
解析:care的形容词是careful,“细心的女孩”译为a careful girl,原句care错误,改为careful。
3. wonderful
解析:wonder的形容词是wonderful,表“精彩的电影”,故填wonderful。
4. B
解析:help的形容词是helpful,修饰名词student,故选B。
5. playful
解析:“爱嬉戏的”译为playful,故填playful。
考点3:动词短语的代词位置
1. it;them
解析:pick up和put away接代词放中间,故填it;them。
2. them down
解析:trees用them指代,cut down接代词放中间,故填them down。
3. it up;it
解析:pick up接代词放中间,take后接it,故填it up;it。
4. C
解析:put away接代词放中间,故选C。
5. it out;it
解析:take out接代词放中间,show后接it,故填it out;it。
二、语法类考点
考点4:what's...like与what does...look like的区别
1. What
解析:询问性格用what's...like,故填What。
2. What is;like
解析:提问外貌的同义句是What is...like,故填What is;like。
3. What
解析:询问性格/特征用what's...like,故填What。
4. A
解析:询问外貌用what does...look like,故选A。
5. What is;like
解析:“某人是什么样的人”译为What is sb. like,故填What is;like。
考点5:because引导原因状语从句
1. because
解析:前后是因果关系,用because表原因,故填because。
2. because they
解析:合并句用because引导从句,故填because they。
3. because
解析:前后是因果关系,用because表原因,故填because。
4. A
解析:why提问用because回答,故选A。
5. because
解析:“因为”译为because,故填because。
考点6:in+抽象名词表状态
1. in
解析:in danger是固定短语,故填in。
2. Is;in trouble
解析:一般疑问句将is提前,故填Is;in trouble。
3. in
解析:in peace是固定短语,故填in。
4. A
解析:in excitement是固定短语,故选A。
5. out of danger
解析:“脱离危险”译为out of danger,故填out of danger。
过关练习答案与解析
一、单词拼写
1. symbol 2. kill 3. fur 4. danger 5. blind
解析:均为单元核心词汇,结合首字母和中文提示,注意拼写正确,无语法错误。
二、单项选择
1. B
解析:答语用because,问句用why,故选B。
2. B
解析:these后接复数elephants,故选B。
3. A
解析:cut down“砍伐”,符合“不要砍树”语境,故选A。
4. A
解析:scary修饰蛇“吓人的”,dangerous“危险的”,故选A。
5. C
解析:询问外貌用what does...look like,故选C。
6. A
解析:save“拯救”,keep...safe“保持……安全”,故选A。
7. A
解析:something interesting“有趣的事”,形容词放不定代词后,故选A。
8. A
解析:carry“搬运”,无方向性,符合“搬重箱子”,故选A。
9. C
解析:be from=come from,疑问句用do you come from,故选C。
10. B
解析:桌子由木头制成,看得出原材料,用made of,故选B。
三、句型转换
1. Why do
解析:对原因提问用why,主语I是第一人称,助动词用do。
2. come from
解析:be from=come from,主语pandas是复数,用come from。
3. Play with
解析:否定祈使句变肯定句,去掉Don't,用Play with。
4. What does;look like
解析:对外貌提问用what does...look like。
5. Let's save
解析:should save改为let's save,表建议。
四、短文填空
1. are 2. friendly 3. playful 4. with 5. danger 6. cut 7. kill 8. save 9. close 10. with
解析:结合语境和单元核心词汇,注意词性和形式变化。
五、短文改错
1. scary→friendly
解析:喜欢狮子的原因应是正面形容词,scary“吓人的”不符合,改为friendly。
2. wolfs→wolves
解析:wolf的复数是wolves,不规则变化。
3. made of→is
解析:be friends“是朋友”,made of“由……制成”不符合语境。
4. play→playing
解析:be good at后接动名词。
5. 去掉so
解析:because和so不可连用。
六、完形填空
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. A
解析:1. carry“搬运”,符合大象用鼻子搬重物;2. clever“聪明的”,结合后文“记住地方”;3. in danger“处于危险中”,后文提到砍树和杀大象;4. saving“拯救”,拯救大象就是拯救我们自己;5. work together“一起努力”,呼吁共同保护大象。
七、阅读理解
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C
解析:1. 大象用鼻子捡食物、喝水、搬重物,不能跑得快;2. 泰国大象节在3月13日;3. 大象危险的原因是砍树和杀大象取象牙;4. counts意为“重要”;5. 作者目的是呼吁保护大象。
八、书面表达(参考范文)
My Favourite Animal
My favourite animal is the panda. It is one of the most popular animals in the world. Pandas are black and white. They have round faces, small ears and fat bodies. They look very cute.
Most pandas live in Sichuan, China. They like eating bamboo and sleeping in the forests. They can climb trees very well, but they are not scary at all. I like pandas because they are gentle and lovely. They are also a symbol of China.
However, pandas are in danger because people cut down too many bamboo forests. We should build more nature reserves and stop cutting down bamboo. Let's work hard to protect pandas. I hope they can live happily in the wild forever.
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