专题八 句子类型 讲义-2026年北京中考英语一轮复习

专题八 句子类型 考点讲练 句子按其用途可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类。 考点1 陈述句 陈述句用来陈述一个事实或表达说话者的看法，分为肯定句和否定句。句末通常用句号。 类型 结构或用法 例句 肯定句 基本结构：主语+谓语（+其他） I played basketball yesterday. 否定句 谓语部分只有实义动词时：主语+don't/doesn't/didn't+谓语动词原形（+其他） They didn't play basketball yesterday. 谓语部分含有系动词be、助动词、情态动词时，否定形式为在它们后面直接加not Jim isn't playing football now. Man can't live without water. 考点2 疑问句 一、疑问句的分类和结构 类型 含义及特点 结构 例句 一般疑问句 以系动词be、助动词或情态动词开头，可以用yes/no来回答 谓语部分只有实义动词时：Do/Does/Did+主语+谓语动词原形（+其他）？ —Does she live in Beijing? —Yes, she does./No, she doesn't. 谓语部分含有系动词be、情态动词或助动词时，系动词be、情态动词或助动词在主语前 —Are you a middle school student? —Yes, I am./No, I am not. —Have you ever been to Shanghai? —Yes, I have. /No, I haven't. 特殊疑问句 由疑问词引导，不能用yes/no来回答 疑问词+一般疑问句? —Where does she live? —She lives in Beijing. 选择疑问句 在两种或两种以上情况中进行选择的疑问句； 回答不用yes或no，而是一个完整的句子或其省略形式 一般选择疑问句：一般疑问句+or+被选择的内容之一? —Do you like apples or pears? —I like pears. 特殊选择疑问句：特殊疑问句，A or B？ —Which do you like better, tea or coffee? —I like coffee better. 二、疑问词（组） 类型 疑问词（组） 含义及用法 示例 疑问代词 what “什么”，没有指定的范围 What would you like? 询问某人的职业 —What's your father? —He is a teacher. which “哪一个/些”，范围明确 Which is your favourite season? who “谁”（紧跟在介词后面时只能用whom），询问某人的身份、姓名，作主语或宾语 Who is the boy under the tree? Who/Whom are you talking to? whom “谁”，who的宾格形式，作宾语 To whom are you talking? whose “谁的”，多位于名词前 Whose book is this? 疑问副词 when “什么时候”，问时间 When do you get up? where “在哪里”，问地点 Where is my ruler? why “为什么”，问原因（常用because或不定式回答） Why do you like spring? Why did Tom go to the library yesterday? how “怎样”，问方式 —How do you go to school? —By bike/bus. 疑问词组 how far “多远”，问距离 How far is it from here? how long “多久”，问持续时间（常用“for+时间段”回答） —How long have you lived in Beijing? —For ten years. “多长”，问长度 How long is the Yellow River? how often “多久一次”，问频率（可以用“once/twice/three times+时间段”或every day等回答） —How often do you go to the cinema? —Twice a month. how soon “多久”，问要多长时间（常用“in+时间段”回答） —How soon can you finish it? —In an hour. how much “多少钱”，问价格 How much is the milk? “多少”，问不可数名词的量 How much water is left? how many “多少”，问可数名词的数量 How many days are there in a year? how old “多大年纪”，问年龄 How old are you? 考点3 祈使句 祈使句用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告、建议等。主语you常常省略，谓语动词用原形。 类型 结构 例句 肯定形式 动词原形（+...） Read English loud! Be quiet! let+宾语+动词原形（+...） Let me help you. 否定形式 don't+动词原形（+...） Don't talk in class. Don't be late again! no+名词/动名词 No smoking. （=Don't smoke.） never+动词原形（+...） Never give up! let+宾语+not+动词原形（+...） Let's not talk about it. 考点4 感叹句 感叹句是用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子。常用what和how引导。 类别 结构 例句 what引导的感叹句 What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式（+主语+谓语）! What a beautiful girl （she is）! What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词（+主语+谓语）! What important jobs （they have done）! What good news （it is）! how引导的感叹句 How+形容词/副词（+主语+谓语）! How delicious （the noodles are）! How bright （the stars are）! 易错提示 what 引导的感叹句中心词是名词；how引导的感叹句中心词是形容词/副词。 单选练习［疑问词（组）］ 1．—Steve, _ _ _ _ did you begin to learn how to play chess? —About two years ago. A．what B．when C．why D．where 2．—Lily, your new schoolbag is pretty. _ _ _ _ did you buy it? —In a store near my home. A．How B．Where C．Why D．When 3．—_ _ _ _ do you tidy your own room? —Twice a week. A．How often B．How soon C．How much D．How long 4．—_ _ _ _ will Liu Yang stay in the space station this time? —For six months. A．How long B．How often C．How much D．How soon 5．—_ _ _ _ shall we meet for the picnic? —At the school gate. A．How B．When C．Why D．Where 6．—_ _ _ _ will the Cultural Festival begin in our city? —In a month. I am really looking forward to it. A．How often B．How soon C．How much D．How far 7．—_ _ _ _ book is it? —It's Mary's. Look! Here is her name on the title page. A．Whose B．What C．Which D．Who 8．—Dad, _ _ _ _ is our train number? —T27 to Lhasa. A．where B．what C．how D．why 语境突破练 单句填空 1．_ _ _ _ a difference a day makes! My family decide to stay at the hotel. 2．_ _ _ _ strange it was! Paul's milk was drunk and my apples were eaten by a family of mice! 3．_ _ _ _ a kind boy Mike is! He always helps his classmates with math. 4．Sometimes her grandchildren say to her, “Please _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （not go） out in your car all by yourself, Granny. We can take you to the shops.” 答案 单选练习 1. B 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. B 语境突破练 1. What 2. How 3. What 4. don't go 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $