专题九 简单句与并列句 讲义-2026年北京中考英语一轮复习

专题九 简单句与并列句 考点讲练 考点1 简单句的基本句型 一、句子成分 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分，即：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。 句子成分 功能 充当者 例句 主语（S） 表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物” 名词、代词、动词的-ing形式、动词不定式等 She often goes to the movies. Travelling abroad is popular among young people. 谓语（V） 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致 实义动词（词组） He looked after his brothers. 助动词/情态动词+实义动词（词组） I haven't finished my homework. I must finish my homework tonight. 系动词+表语 This film is interesting. 表语（P） 说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，与系动词一起构成谓语 名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式或动词的-ing形式等 The winner is you. Julie always looks cheerful. 宾语（O） 表示动作、行为的对象，常位于及物动词或介词之后 名词、代词、动词的-ing形式、动词不定式等 Richard doesn't like his job. Monica decided to solve the problem. She is good at learning languages. 宾语补足语（OC） 用来补足宾语意义,一般置于宾语之后 名词、形容词、动词不定式、动词的-ing形式、介词短语等 I found the book very interesting. My mother wants me to read it. 定语（Attr.） 用来修饰名词或代词，分前置定语和后置定语 形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语等 She's a good basketball player. Open your books, please. She is carrying a basket full of fruits. 状语（A） 用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等 副词、介词短语、动词不定式等 Jennifer runs fast. Hong Kong is not very cold in winter. I come here to see you. 二、简单句的五种基本句型 1.主语+不及物动词 I live near a supermarket.（near a supermarket为状语，作修饰成分） 2.主语+及物动词+宾语 We bought an expensive house.（expensive为定语，作修饰成分） 3.主语+系动词+表语 All of these experiences are interesting for us.（for us为状语，作修饰成分） 4.主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 Doing sports brings us health. 拓展 通常间接宾语是人，直接宾语是物，即“动词+sb.+sth.”。如果动词后为某物，则需要加上介词to/for再加某人，即“动词+sth.+to/for+sb.”。如：buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb.（给某人买某物）；send/return/show sb. sth.=send/return/show sth. to sb. （给某人寄送/归还/展示某物）。 5.主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语 We found the book interesting. 拓展 该句型中，不同动词后的宾语补足语不同。 ①动词后接形容词作宾语补足语，如：make（使）/find（觉得）/keep（保持）+sth./sb.+adj. ②动词后接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，如：hear/see+sb./sth.+doing ③动词后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，如：allow（允许）/ask（要求）+ sb.+to do sth. 三、There be 句型（存现句） 1.结构及意义：“There be+某物/某人+某地/某时”结构表示“某地或某时有某物或某人”。 例：There is a good movie on TV tonight.（今天晚上电视上有一部好电影。） 2.There be句型的就近原则：be动词的单复数形式必须和There be 之后的第一个主语保持一致。 例：There is an apple and two books on the table. 3.There be句型的时态：There be句型时态的变化体现在be动词上，而且be动词可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。 时态 句型 例句 一般现在时 There is/are... There are forty students in the classroom. 一般过去时 There was/were... There was a talk show on TV yesterday. 一般将来时 There will be...或There is/are going to be... There will be a concert on Saturday. There is going to be a football game tomorrow. 考点2 并列句与并列连词 一、并列句的定义和结构 包含两个或两个以上简单句的句子叫并列句。并列句用并列连词（and、or、but、so等）连接。并列句的结构如下： 分句1 + 并列连词 + 分句2 I saw a good movie, but I didn't remember its name. 二、并列连词 并列连词是指用以连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子的连词，表示并列、顺承、递进、转折、选择、因果等关系。 分类 并列连词 含义及用法 例句 并列关系 and “和;并且;然后”,连接主、谓、宾、表等并列成分或并列的句子，也可表顺承或递进 I am tired and hungry. （表并列） I help Tom with English and he helps me with math.（表并列） He turned off the light and left the room.（表顺承） She did the work and did it well.（表递进） “那么；就”，用于“祈使句，and+陈述句”结构中 Study hard，and you will make progress. both...and... “……和……都”,连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 Both he and his friends like playing basketball. not only...but also... “不但……而且……”,连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致（就近原则） Not only you but also he does very well in the project. neither...nor... “既不……也不……”,连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致（就近原则） Neither I nor he has been to America. 转折关系 but “但是”,不和though或although连用 Our team was not strong, but we beat them at last. 选择关系 or “或者”;在否定句中表示“也不” Which do you like better, juice or coffee? He can't read or write. “否则”，用于“祈使句，or+陈述句”结构中 Let's put the cake in the fridge, or it may go bad tomorrow. either...or... “或者……或者……”, 连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词要与最近的主语保持一致 （就近原则） Either you or I am going to attend the meeting. 因果关系 so “因此; 所以” （不和because同时使用）,表示结果 I was ill, so I didn't go to school. for “因为”, 用于补充说明理由,不放在句首，不能用于回答why开头的问题 Many accidents happen, for people are careless. 对比关系 while “然而”，用于对比 Mrs. Liu likes music while her husband likes sports. 拓展 because表示原因，意为“因为”，是从属连词，常用于引导原因状语从句，也常与并列连词一起出现在连词辨析题中。 如：I can't come out tonight because I need to take care of my baby sister. 单选练习（并列连词） 1．Janet has done a lot for us， _ _ _ _ we want to write her a thank-you letter. A. or B. but C. so D. for 2．—Hi, Mike! Would you like to go boating with me? —Yes, I'd love to, _ _ _ _ I have to finish my science project first. A. and B. or C. but D. for 3．It was difficult to climb the mountain _ _ _ _ Sam got to the top at last. A. or B. so C. for D. but 4．Mr. Smith has helped me a lot, _ _ _ _ I'm thankful to him. A. or B. but C. for D. so 5．The doctors worked for ten hours, _ _ _ _ nobody took a break. A. so B. for C. but D. or 6．You'd better eat more healthy food, _ _ _ _ you will have trouble staying fit. A. or B. but C. unless D. so 7．I went to bed early last night, _ _ _ _ I feel great today. A. so B. or C. but D. for 8．Practice more,_ _ _ _ you will improve your handwriting soon. A. for B. and C. or D. but 9．I'd like to go hiking with you, _ _ _ _ I have to finish my book report first. A. and B. so C. but D. or 10．Mark plans to study in Paris next year _ _ _ _ he is interested in French culture. A. or B. because C. but D. so 语境突破练 一、用所给词的正确形式填空 1．—There _ _ _ _ （be） many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best? —On the Stork Tower by Wang Zhihuan. 2．Don't lose heart, son. There _ _ _ _ （be） always a way out. 二、在空格中填入合适的并列连词 1．You can spend time on computers and screens, _ _ _ _ remember to spend two hours outdoors every day. 2．Be careful when using your phones, _ _ _ _ you will be easily fooled! 3．You may not notice it, _ _ _ _ we use body language much more than we think. 4．Read more books, _ _ _ _ you will have something to write. 三、在空格中填入合适的连词 Mrs Smith is my English teacher. She is very strict, 1. we all love her. She always says that we should study hard, 2. we won't get good results. We all enjoy her lessons 3. she knows a lot about other countries 4. she can always find interesting materials for homework. When she explains difficult grammar knowledge, she 5. uses photos   plays video clips. She has the magic to make our lessons easier. 答案 单选练习（并列连词） 1．C 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．B 语境突破练 一、用所给词的正确形式填空 1．are 2．is 二、在空格中填入合适的并列连词 1．but 2．or 3．but 4．and 三、在空格中填入合适的连词 1．but 2．or 3．because 4．and 5．not only； but also 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $