专题七 动词 讲义-2026年北京中考英语一轮复习

专题七 动词 （一）实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词 动词通常位于主语之后，在句中充当谓语或谓语的组成部分。动词按句法作用可分为实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。 考点1 实义动词 实义动词有实际意义，能在句中独立作谓语。有以下分类： 分类 用法 示例 按句法作用分类 及物动词 可直接跟宾语 use/buy/send/make/find/hear/allow+宾语 不及物动词 不能直接跟宾语，若要跟宾语，其后必须加介词 look at/listen to/worry about/belong to+宾语 按动作是否可持续分类 延续性动词 表示动作可持续，可与表示一段时间的状语连用 live, stay, study, work, keep, teach 非延续性动词 表示瞬间动作，即动作一发生便立即结束，在肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用 buy, lend, borrow, die, begin, stop, finish, arrive, leave, join, come, go, catch 考点2 系动词 系动词不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起构成系表结构，如常见的“系动词+adj.”。初中阶段常见系动词有以下几类： 分类 例词 例句 “状态”类 be （am/is/are/was/were） He is a student. He is strong. You seem happy. We should keep fit. Mum gets angry. It sounds great! “表象”类 seem （似乎）, appear （看来；似乎） “持续”类 keep （保持）, stay （保持）, remain （仍然是；保持） “变化”类 get （变得）, turn （变成）, go （变得）, become （变成）, grow （逐渐变得） “感官”类 look （看起来）, sound（听起来）, feel（摸起来；感觉）, taste（尝起来）, smell（闻起来） 考点3 助动词 助动词本身没有意义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数。此外，助动词还可以用来构成否定句、疑问句等句型。具体用法如下表： 助动词 用法 助动词 用法 do/does/did 构成疑问句：do/does/did+主语+v. be（区别于系动词be） 构成进行时：am/is/are/was/were+doing 构成否定句：don't/doesn't/didn't+v. 构成被动语态：am/is/are/was/were+done will/shall 构成一般将来时：will/shall+v. have/has 构成现在完成时：have/has+done 考点4 情态动词 情态动词不能单独使用，必须与动词原形连用构成谓语，即“can/could/must/have to/may/need/should/will/might...+动词原形”。 一、情态动词的一般用法 情态动词 用法 示例 can/could 表示能力，意为“能；会”；could是can的过去式，表示过去的能力 —Can you play the piano? —Yes, I can./No, I can't. The teacher asked me for my homework, but I couldn't hand it in. 表示请求或允许，意为“可以”；could 的语气更加委婉 Can I play computer games, Mum? Could you pass the book to me? may 表示请求或允许，意为“可以”；否定回答常用can't、mustn't或may not —May I go now? —No, you can't/mustn't. must 表示必要，意为“必须” Don't arrive late for class. You must be on time. “Must I...？”句型的肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't或don't have to —Must I finish the project today? —Yes, you must.（是的，你必须。）/—No, you needn't/don't have to.（不，你不必。） 否定形式为mustn't，表示禁止，意为“禁止；不可以” —Hurry up, Mum! Let's go across the road quickly. —No, Henry, you mustn't. The traffic lights are red. have to 表示客观需要，意为“不得不；必须”，有人称、时态和数的变化；其否定形式意为“没必要” There was no electricity in the apartment! We had to eat our supper in the dark. We don't have to come to school every day. need 意为“需要”，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。“Need I...?”句型的肯定回答一般用must，否定回答一般用needn't或don't have to You needn't take your umbrella. It is not raining outside. should 表示观点或建议，意为“应该” Everyone should play a part in saving the earth. shall 表示征求对方意见，多用于第一人称 Shall we go birdwatching tomorrow? will/would 表示说话人的意愿或提出请求；would是will的过去式，语气更委婉 Will you please help me to carry this box? Would you join us? 二、情态动词表推测 情态动词 用法 示例 must 表示肯定推测，强调对某事很有把握，意为“一定；肯定” The book must be Mary's. We can see her name on it. could/may/might 表示把握不大的推测，意为“可能；也许” —Whose English book is this? —It might be Lily's, but I'm not sure. may not 表示否定推测，把握不大，意为“可能不” Imay not come here tonight. I am not sure. can't 表示有把握的否定推测，意为“不可能” That bright light can't be a UFO—there's no such thing! 易错提示 mustn't 表示“禁止，不允许”，不能用来表推测。 单选练习（情态动词） 1．—Mom, _ _ _ _ I go to the cinema with my classmates this Sunday afternoon? —Yes, of course you can. A．can B．must C．need D．should 2．—Bill, _ _ _ _ I use your ruler? —Of course you can. Here you are. A．can B．must C．need D．should 3．—Must I stay here and wait for you? —No， you _ _ _ _ . You can go home now. A．needn't B．can't C．mustn't D．shouldn't 4．—_ _ _ _ I take photos here? —Sorry, you can't. It's not allowed in the museum. A．Must B．Need C．Can D．Will 5．—Sam, _ _ _ _ I join you in the community service? —Of course you can. A．can B．must C．should D．need 6．You _ _ _ _ stop when the traffic lights turn red. It's the law. A．must B．would C．may D．could 7．—Sam, you _ _ _ _ go on watching TV. It's too late. —OK, Mom. A．can B．wouldn't C．must D．shouldn't 8．I _ _ _ _ play the piano when I was eight years old. A．must B．could C．should D．might 9．—Mom, you _ _ _ _ worry about me. I can look after myself. —OK. Remember to go to bed early. A．can't B．needn't C．may not D．mustn't 语境突破练 单句填空 1．Without a fin, a shark _ _ _ _ （can） swim any longer and slowly dies. 2．It might _ _ _ _ （be） the world's earliest form of toothbrushes. 3．What _ _ _ _ you think of the song playing on the radio? 4．We're supposed to keep in mind that it _ _ _ _ important to tell the truth. （二）动词的时态 考点讲练 考点1 一般现在时 构成 1.谓语动词为be动词：主语+am/is/are+n./adj.（+其他） 2.谓语动词为实义动词：主语+动词原形/第三人称单数（+其他） 用法 1.表示现阶段经常性或习惯性的动作或现在的状态。 She likes to help others./A lot of people in China travel by high-speed train every year. 2.表客观事实或普遍真理。 The earth goes around the sun. 3.在if、unless、when、until/till、as soon as等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作（主将从现——主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时）。 If you keep working hard, you will succeed some day. What are you going to be when you grow up? 标志性时间状语 表示频率的词语：always、usually、often、sometimes、once/twice a week等 表示重复出现的词语：on Mondays、 every day/week/month/year等 动词第三人称单数的构成 注意 规则 示例 一般在词尾加-s play—plays, believe—believes, say—says 以/s/、/ʃ/、/tʃ/音素结尾或以o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es fix—fixes, finish—finishes, watch—watches, go—goes 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i加-es study—studies, marry—marries, satisfy—satisfies 考点2 现在进行时 构成 主语+am/is/are+动词的-ing形式（+其他） 用法 1.表示现在正在进行的动作和发生的事。 He is watching TV now./Look! Jeff is helping a blind man cross the road. 2.表示现阶段或当前一段时间内正在进行的动作。 I am reading an interesting book these days. 3.表示计划或安排好的将来要做的事情，用现在进行时表示将来。 We are leaving early tomorrow morning. 标志性时间状语 表示“此时此刻”的词语：now、right now、at the moment 表示某事正在发生的场景句：Look!/Listen!/What are you doing?/Where is...?/... 表示当前一段时间的词语：these days等 注意 动词的-ing形式的构成 规则 示例 一般直接在词尾加-ing fly—flying, sell—selling, go—going, see—seeing 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ing smile—smiling, make—making, move—moving 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写这个辅音字母再加-ing begin—beginning, cut—cutting, forget—forgetting, get—getting, hit—hitting, plan—planning, put—putting, run—running, sit—sitting, shop—shopping, stop—stopping 少数以ie结尾的动词，先变ie为y，再加-ing die—dying, tie—tying, lie—lying 考点3 过去进行时 构成 主语+was/were+动词的-ing形式（+其他） 用法 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作： 1.与表示过去某个时间点的时间状语连用。 What were you doing at eight last night? 2.用在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，表示一个动作发生时，另外一个动作正在进行，或两个动作正在同时进行。 He was reading in the library when the rainstorm came. While I was going through the forest, I fell on the ground. While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework. 标志性时间状语 at that time/moment、at this time yesterday、过去的具体时间（如at 9 o'clock yesterday morning）、when/while 引导的时间状语从句（while从句中多用过去进行时）等 考点4 一般过去时 构成 1.谓语动词为be动词：主语+was/were+n./adj.（+其他） 2.谓语动词为实义动词：主语+动词的过去式（+其他） 用法 表过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 They came up with some ideas to offer the young more jobs last month. When I was a child, I often went to that park/I used to go to that park. （表过去习惯性或经常发生的动作，还可用“used to+动词原形”来表示） 标志性时间状语 just now、yesterday、last week/month/year、in2008、in the past、a few days ago、once upon a time、at the age of five、when I was 5 years old等 注意 动词过去式和过去分词的构成 不规则变化 类型 示例 类型 示例 A-B-C型 begin→began→begun A-B-B型 bring→brought→brought A-B-A型 become→became→become A-A-A型 cut→cut→cut 规则变化 规则变化 原形 过去式及-ed/-d的发音 过去分词 一般直接加-ed watch stay want watched /t/ stayed /d/ wanted /ɪd/ watched stayed wanted 以e结尾的动词，加-d love loved /d/ loved 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i加-ed cry cried /d/ cried 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写这个辅音字母再加-ed plan prefer drop stop shop chat fit planned /d/ preferred /d/ dropped /t/ stopped /t/ shopped /t /chatted /ɪd/ fitted /ɪd/ planned preferred dropped stopped shopped chatted fitted 拓展动词 的过去式中-ed/-d的发音规则 在清辅音后发音为/t/，在浊辅音和元音后发音为/d/，在/t/或/d/音后发音为/ɪd/。 考点5 现在完成时 构成 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（+其他） 用法 1.表示过去发生的动作或事件对现在造成影响。 I have seen this film. I do not want to see it again. （过去已经看过电影，对现在的影响是不想再看一遍） 2.表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常和“for+时间段”或“since+过去的时间点/一般过去时的句子”连用，谓语动词用延续性动词。 ①They have been friends since they first met.（从首次见面成为朋友，持续到现在） ②We have been friends for nearly 5 years. （从5年前成为朋友，持续到现在） 标志性时 间状语 for+时间段、since+过去的时间点/一般过去时的句子、already（肯定句）/yet（否定句/疑问句）、just、ever、never、so far、up to now、in the past/last three years、recently/lately、表示次数的once/twice/three times等 拓展1 延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的应用 现在完成时可以表示动作从过去某个时间开始一直持续到现在,在肯定句中与一段时间连用时应注意谓语动词应是延续性动词。如： （）I've left this school for eight years. （）I've been away from this school for eight years. （）He has borrowed my dictionary for two days. （）He has kept my dictionary for two days. 此时可将非延续性动词（组）转化为延续性动词（组），如：buy—have、borrow—keep、put on—wear、open—be open、close—be closed、begin/start—be on、finish—be over、go/leave—be away、join—be in、become—be、die—be dead。 拓展2 区分have gone to、have been to与have been in/at 1.have gone to→“去了某地”（表示去了某地，人还没回来），只能用于第三人称。 例：Mary isn't here. She has gone to Beijing. 2.have been to→“去过某地”（表示去过某地，现在已经回来了）。 例：David has been to many space camps over the last eight years. 3.have been in/at→“待在某地”（强调从过去某时间到现在一直待在某地），通常与一段时间连用。 例：I have been in Shanghai for three years. 拓展3 区分一般过去时和现在完成时 不同点 时态 用法说明 例句 侧重点不同 现在完成时 是与现在有关的时态，属于现在时态的范畴，侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have already seen the film. （说明“看”这个动作发生在过去，现在对这部电影的内容有所了解） 一般过去时 是一种过去时态,侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关 I saw a film yesterday. （仅说明昨天“看电影”这件事，与现在无关） 连用的时间状语不同 现在完成时 与现在完成时连用的时间状语：already、yet、just、so far、in the last/past...、 ever、 never、since...、for...等 Have you ever been to Shanghai?（不强调什么时间去的，只问有没有这个经历） 一般过去时 一般过去时则常与...ago、yesterday、last...、in+过去的年份、just now等连用 I went to Shanghai in 2022. （强调发生的具体时间） 考点6 一般将来时 构成及用法 1.主语+will+动词原形（+其他），表示将来的动作或存在的状态。 What will the future be like? 2.主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形（+其他），表示打算、计划或准备做某事。 What are you going to do when you grow up? 标志性时间状语 next week/month/year、in+时间段（如in two days）、in the future、soon、tomorrow等 单选练习（动词的时态） 1．Mary _ _ _ _ a picture when her dad got home yesterday evening. A．draws B．was drawing C．is drawing D．will draw 2．Charlie _ _ _ _ his grandparents every weekend. He loves them very much. A．visits B．was visiting C．will visit D．has visited 3．—Peter, did you play table tennis with your friends after school yesterday? —No. I didn’t. We _ _ _ _ vegetables in our school garden. A．water B．have watered C．watered D．are going to water 4．Many international students _ _ _ _ to visit our school since last year. A．are coming B．have come C．came D．will come 5．—What did you do last Saturday, Tina? —I _ _ _ _ to the nursing home and worked as a volunteer there. A．go B．went C．will go D．was going 6．lot of people in China _ _ _ _ by high-speed train every year. A．travel B．traveled C．will travel D．have traveled 7．—Amy, you didn't answer my call yesterday evening. What were you doing? —Sorry, I didn't hear the ring. I _ _ _ _ a book in my study. A．am reading B．have read C．was reading D．will read 8．With the help of my teacher, I _ _ _ _ much progress in English since last year. A．am making B．will make C．was making D．have made 9．—Lucy, what are you doing? —I _ _ _ _ a model ship. A．make B．made C．am making D．was making 10．The Shenzhou-15 astronauts _ _ _ _ to Earth safely on June 4, 2023. A．return B．returned C．will return D．have returned 11．If you go to the concert with us tomorrow, you _ _ _ _ a great time there. A．have B．had C．will have D．have had 12．Eric _ _ _ _ many things since he became interested in science. A．is learning B．was learning C．will learn D．has learned 13．The workers _ _ _ _ the community center now. A．cleaned B．were cleaning C．will clean D．are cleaning 14．Don't lose heart. If you keep working hard, you _ _ _ _ some day. A．will succeed B．succeed C．succeeded D．have succeeded 15．I _ _ _ _ about my sister when my phone rang. It was her! A．think B．will think C．was thinking D．am thinking 16．Jim _ _ _ _ a lot about Chinese culture since he began to study in our school. A．learns B．learned C．will learn D．has learned 17．—Peter, what are you doing? —Oh, I _ _ _ _ a report about national heroes. A．will write B．am writing C．wrote D．have written 18．My parents and I _ _ _ _ trees last Sunday. A．plant B．will plant C．are planting D．planted 19．—Lily, what do you usually do after school? —I _ _ _ _ exercise with my friends. A．do B．did C．will do D．was doing 20．Mr. Smith _ _ _ _ Chinese for two years. He's much better at it now. A．learns B．was learning C．has learned D．will learn 21．Ella _ _ _ _ at the library every Sunday. It's near her home. A．studies B．studied C．has studied D．was studying 22．—Lucy, where's your brother? —He _ _ _ _ flowers in the garden. A．waters B．is watering C．will water D．was watering 23．Wait a moment, please. The party _ _ _ _ after everyone arrives. A．starts B．will start C．has started D．started 24．Tony can communicate with us much more easily now, because he _ _ _ _ Chinese for a year. A．is learning B．learns C．will learn D．has learned 25．I didn't hear the phone ring because I _ _ _ _ the piano at that time. A．played B．am playing C．was playing D．have played 26．We _ _ _ _ boating in Chaoyang Park if it doesn't rain tomorrow. A．go B．went C．will go D．were going 27．—What did you do last Friday, Lingling? —I _ _ _ _ the Badaling Great Wall with my teachers and classmates. A．climb B．climbed C．will climb D．was climbing 28．I _ _ _ _ the film Nezha 2 for three times. It's the best-selling film in China. A．watch B．have watched C．am watching D．watched 29．I saw the beautiful sunset yesterday while I _ _ _ _ for the bus. A．was waiting B．wait C．have waited D．will wait 30．—Emma, can you come and help me lay the table？ —Just a moment. I _ _ _ _ my desk. A．tidy B．am tidying C．have tidied D．was tidying 31．—When is the School Singing Festival? —Oh, it's going to be held next Wednesday if it _ _ _ _ . A．didn't rain B．doesn't rain C．won't rain D．isn't raining 32．—You look busy, Bob. What are you doing these days? —Oh, I_ _ _ _ for the coming writing competition. A．prepare B．will prepare C．prepared D．am preparing 33．In physics class, we have learned that light _ _ _ _ faster than sound. A．travels B．travelled C．will travel D．is travelling 34．My friends encouraged me to try again after I_ _ _ _ the game. A．am losing B．lose C．will lose D．lost 35．When Jerry was in Grade 8, he _ _ _ _ the art club and made many friends. A．join B．joined C．will join D．has joined 36．—Why is the music room so noisy? —Some students _ _ _ _ for the talent show there. A．practice B．practiced C．will practice D．are practicing 37．Mike _ _ _ _ the bus to school when it is rainy or snowy. A．takes B．took C．is taking D．has taken 38．I will make a video call to you as soon as I _ _ _ _ in Lhasa. A．arrive B．arrived C．will arrive D．am arriving 39．Many foreigners come to China and _ _ _ _ Chinese food these years. A．enjoy B．enjoyed C．will enjoy D．were enjoying 40．We _ _ _ _ working as volunteer teachers in 2020 and have taught in four different village schools till now. A．began B．have begun C．will begin D．begin 语境突破练 一、用括号中所给词的正确形式填空 1．It seems that families are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （spend） more and more time together. 2．I _ _ _ _ （take） the photos during the month of June, just after the rain. The air was full of small drops of water. 3．Mr. Zhao is patient and he always_ _ _ _ （tell） us not to worry about giving wrong answers. 4．A primary school in Nanjing has just_ _ _ _ _ _ （open） a herb farm. 5．When Mom came home, Danny _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （play） the piano in the living room. 6．I will be pretty upset too if I _ _ _ _ （feel） left out. 7．—I am going to the party. —If you do, you _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （have） a great time. 8．The numbers of some kinds of sharks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （fall） by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years. 9．—Is Lisa there? —No, she isn't. She _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （do） some reading at the library. 10．—What's the score? —France _ _ _ _ _ _ （score） a minute ago. The final score was 3-2. 11．He pulled so hard that the rope on the bucket _ _ _ _ （break） and he fell on his back. 12．In the evening, Inspector（警官） Pavone telephoned and asked to speak to Roberto. “So far your uncle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （tell） us everything.” 13．Walking is good for health and it _ _ _ _ （cost） nothing. 14．He _ _ _ _ （meet） many difficulties but he faced them bravely and kept on working hard. 15．Do you mind turning down the music? I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （attend） an online meeting now. 16．Some people believe robots _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （take） most jobs away from humans in the future. 17．Some students _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （play） Tai Chi over there. Let's go and join them. 18．Jessica _ _ _ _ _ _ （study） every night before her Chinese test and got a good result. 19．I am sorry I didn't answer your phone because I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （play） the piano at that time. 二、用括号中所给词的正确形式填空 John's family 1. （move） to Shanghai when his dad got a new job last year. By now he 2. （live） there for nearly a year. John 3. （be） lonely at first and missed his old friends. But now he 4. （love） that place and he has made a lot of friends. His best friend is Mike. They 5. （share） the same hobby—watching Harry Potter films. When John first met Mike, he 6. （watch） one of the Harry Potter films, and they 7. （start） talking about that film. Next summer, they 8. （visit） the Universal Studios Beijing to experience the scenes in Harry Potter. John's classmates will probably get postcards from him, saying “I am having so much fun in the Harry Potter theme park”. （三）动词的语态 考点讲练 考点1 被动语态 一、被动语态的构成 语态分为主动语态和被动语态。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（done）”构成。其中助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词时完全一样。 分类 被动结构 示例 一般现在时 am/is/are+done Chinese is spoken by more and more people around the world nowadays. 一般过去时 was/were+done Tea was invented by accident about 5,000 years ago. 一般将来时 will+be+done； am/is/are going to+be+done To make the environment much better, more trees will be planted next year. 现在进行时 am/is/are+being+done The hair product is being used at present. 现在完成时 have/has+been+done How much e-waste has been produced? 含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词+be+done 16-year-old teenagers shouldn't be allowed to drive. Something must be done about the present situation. 二、被动语态的用法 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要说明谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。通常有以下两种情况： 1.主语是人，但为动作的承受者，可翻译为“（主语）被……”，谓语动词使用被动语态。 如：The artists are encouraged to tell good Chinese stories in their favorite art forms.（艺术家们被鼓励） 2.主语是物，且为动作的承受者，可翻译为“（主语）被……”，谓语动词使用被动语态。 如：A new supermarket will be built on Centre Street next year.（超市将被建造） 三、主动语态与被动语态的转换 将主动语态转换为被动语态的核心是将主动句中的宾语转换成被动句中的主语。 考点2 主动表被动 情况 示例 谓语动词为系动词（feel、taste、sound、smell、look、keep、stay、remain、prove等） This material feels very soft.（这块材料摸上去很柔软。） 表示主语内在性质或性能的不及物动词（sell、read、write、wash、wear等）与well、easily等副词连用时 This kind of food sells well.（这种食物很畅销。） The pen writes smoothly.（这支笔写起来很流畅。） 用于“主语+be+adj.+to do”结构 This question is hard to answer.（这个问题很难回答。） 单选练习（被动语态） 1．Language learning apps _ _ _ _ by more and more people these days. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 2．Chinese _ _ _ _ by more and more people around the world these days. A．speaks B．spoke C．is spoken D．was spoken 3．The park is getting more and more beautiful because more kinds of flowers _ _ _ _ every year. A．are planted B．were planted C．plant D．planted 4．On our farm, the tea leaves _ _ _ _ by hand when they are ready. A．pick B．picked C．are picked D．were picked 5．Today, many winter Olympic sports _ _ _ _ even by children. A．enjoyed B．enjoy C．were enjoyed D．are enjoyed 6．The Chinese Traditional Culture Museum _ _ _ _ a few years ago. A．is built B．was built C．build D．built 7．Linda_ _ _ _ to help with the Science Fair. She did a good job. A．invited B．will invite C．was invited D．will be invited 8．Nowadays, AI tools _ _ _ _ widely in different fields. A．used B．are used C．will use D．were used 9． A new sports center _ _ _ _ in our community next year. A．will build B．built C．will be built D．was built 10．If children _ _ _ _ more chances to do things on their own, they will become more independent. A．will be given B．give C．are given D．have given 语境突破练 用括号中所给词的正确形式填空 As many animals are going extinct, we must do something to protect them. First, we should protect their habitats. If their living places 1. （not protect）, animals will have nowhere to live. Last year, many trees 2. （cut down） to build roads in the mountains, and fences 3. （build） along the roads, which caused inconvenience to wildlife. Second, any form of hunting shouldn't 4. （allow）. A lot of animals 5. （kill） just for their beautiful fur, which is so cruel. We should also protect the environment. A project 6. （set up） in our school last month and a lot of rubbish 7. （pick up） by volunteers on the mountains last week. But if people 8. （not prevent） from entering these areas, the problem will continue. （四）非谓语动词 考点讲练 考点1 动词不定式 动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to，其否定式为“not to+动词原形”。具体用法见下表。 功能 位置与常见用法 示例 作主语 放句首，谓语动词用单数 To see is to believe.（to believe作表语） 通常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即不定式则被后置： It+is+adj.（+for/of sb.）+to do sth. It takes sb.+一段时间+to do sth.（做某事花费某人多少时间。） It is important for us to work hard in order to have a better life. It takes me half an hour to walk to school every day. 作宾语 一些动词后常用不定式：afford/agree/want/hope/decide/wish/ learn/expect/fail/plan/promise/refuse/ wait/...+to do sth. They can't afford to buy a house. He decided to visit the family on Saturday evening. 有些动词后接动词不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语即不定式后置：find/think+it+adj.+ to do sth. I found it difficult to find a job in the city. 动词不定式可以和疑问词连用作宾语： what/which/when/where/how+to do Nobody told us what to do next. We don't know where to go. 作状语 位于表示情绪、状态等的形容词后：be+adj.+to do sth. I am proud to stand with you. 表目的：to do/in order to do... A friend came to see me last night. To learn English well, you must study hard. 表结果：too+adj.+to do sth. （太……而不能做某事） adj./adv.+enough+to do sth.（足够……可以做某事） He is too young to go to school. He is old enough to go to school. 作宾语补足语 位于宾语之后，对宾语作补充说明： advise/allow/ask/encourage/force/ invite/order/require/want/warn/teach/...（变被动后依然接to do）+sb.+to do sth. She encouraged me to write. My mom advises me to do my homework first. All the students were asked to complete a questionnaire（问卷）. 作定语 动词不定式作定语时要后置： something/anything/nothing/物/人+ to do I have some clothes to wash. I want something to eat. He has no place to live. 拓展 一些省略to的不定式的常用搭配/句型 make/let/have sb. do sth.使/让某人做某事 help sb. （to） do sth.帮助某人做某事 had better do sth.最好做某事 Why not do sth.？ 为什么不做某事？（提建议） would rather do sth.宁愿做某事 考点2 动词的-ing形式 动词的-ing形式为动词原形后加-ing构成（动词的-ing形式的构成见P26）；其否定形式为“not+动词的-ing形式”。动词的-ing形式可以和be动词一起构成进行时，还可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语等，详见下表。 功能 位置与常见用法 示例 作主语 放句首，谓语动词用单数 Swimming is good for health. 作宾语 一些动词（enjoy/practice/finish/mind/miss/keep/suggest/imagine/consider/avoid/...）后接动词的-ing形式 He practices speaking English every day. When playing in the hallways, students should avoid pushing each other. 介词（of/to（to为介词时，后面接动词的-ing形式， 如be used to/ look forward to+doing...）/for/after/by/about/...）后接动词的-ing形式 He helped me realize that travel is about learning cultures. 作表语 It was exciting to listen to the story of his adventures. 作定语 They found another hiding place.（前置定语） a highway leading into the mountains通往山区的公路（后置定语） 作状语 She was in the kitchen preparing supper. 作宾语补足语 I can't imagine Grandma riding a motorbike. 拓展 含动词的-ing形式的固定搭配 see/hear+宾语+doing sth.看到/听到某人正在做某事 keep/leave+宾语+doing sth.使……一直（保持某状态） spend+时间+（in） doing sth.花费时间做某事/spend+金钱+doing sth.花费金钱做某事 have difficulty （in） doing sth.在做某事上有困难 be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 sth. be worth doing某事值得做 end up doing sth.最后处于…… 考点3 动词的-ed形式 动词的-ed形式也叫过去分词（过去分词的构成见P26），它除了可以与be动词一起构成被动语态，与have/has一起构成现在完成时，还可以在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语或状语。详见下表。 功能 示例 作表语 He is not interested in research. 作定语 She had a pleased look on her face. 作宾语补足语 We all wished the problem settled.（希望问题被解决） 作状语 Mr. Brown, deeply moved, thanked him again and again.（深深地被感动） 拓展 既可接动词的-ing形式又可接to do的动词 有些动词既能接动词的-ing形式作宾语，又能接不定式作宾语，含义相近或不同。 含义相同或相近： begin to do sth.=begin doing sth.开始做某事 start to do sth.=start doing sth.开始做某事 continue to do sth.=continue doing sth.继续做某事 like to do sth.=like doing sth.喜欢做某事 love to do sth.=love doing sth.热爱做某事 hate to do sth.=hate doing sth.讨厌做某事 含义不同： 动词 区别 示例 remember remember to do sth.记得去做某事（未做） I forgot to say thank you.（没说谢谢） I forgot saying that. （说过，但不记得了） Those flowers look nice. Let's stop to buy flowers.（停下去买花） We have so many flowers at home. Please stop buying flowers.（停止买花） remember doing sth.记得做过某事（做过） forget forget to do sth.忘记去做某事（未做） forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（做过） stop stop to do sth.停下去做某事（某个动作的开始） stop doing sth.停下正在做的事（某个动作的终结） 语境突破练 一、用括号中所给词的正确形式填空 1．She walked for a long time, and stopped _ _ _ _ _ _ （have） a rest under a tree. 2．It seemed that they decided _ _ _ _ （do）something without her. 3．Instead of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （climb） Mount Impossible every day, you played on the smaller hills and became better at climbing. 4．Drivers learn the rules of the road and they learn how _ _ _ _ （be） better drivers. 5．I understand that _ _ _ _ （do） housework is more difficult than I used to imagine. 6．At the same time, relics protection organizations and tourism organizations should work together _ _ _ _ _ _ （make） this economic model better. 7．He burned your farm down to make you _ _ _ _ （sell） it. 8．After some time, Haojia was pleased _ _ _ _ _ _ （find） that the moon was in the bucket. 9．How can I become a better person? This question has been in my head for long. As students, we spend most of our time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （study）. 10．Let me_ _ _ _ （tell） you about my favorite book. 11．You're expected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （shake） hands when meeting people for the first time in China. 12．On the bus ride home, Ann avoided_ _ _ _ _ _ （sit） next to Lily on purpose. 13．They have even asked governments _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （develop） laws to stop the sale of shark fins. 14．Don't give up _ _ _ _ _ _ （try）. I'm sure you will succeed. 二、用括号中所给词的正确形式填空 Hi Tina, Thank you for 1. （send） me the signature（签名） poster of my favourite band. It's a pity that I couldn't see their live performance, but my mum took me to see another amazing concert. She said it wasn't easy 2. （get） the tickets because everyone wanted 3. （see） this show. The singing was awesome! I would like 4. （be） a singer in a band but I'm not very good at 5. （sing）. Now we're thinking of 6. （go） to see The Lion King in May. Shall we get you a ticket? I hope 7. （hear） from you soon. Cassie （五）主谓一致 考点讲练 主谓一致是指句子的谓语与其主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。 一、语法一致原则——主语、谓语在语法形式上保持一致 主语 谓语形式 示例 不可数名词、可数名词单数、第三人称单数代词he/she/it 单数形式 The boy was interested in English. He doesn't think it is a good idea. 动词不定式、动词的-ing形式 单数形式 Reading is learning. one/each/each one/...或one/every one/each one/each+of+复数名词/复数代词 单数形式 Each one has a gift. Each of the answers is worth 20 points. 复合不定代词anyone/somebody/everything/nobody等 单数形式 Is everything all right? none/neither of+复数名词或复数代词 单数/复数形式 None of us has/have been to Beijing. 复数名词、复数代词 复数形式 These apples are Mike's. and或both...and...连接的并列主语 复数形式 Tom and Mike are good friends. Both Lucy and Lily are students. 拓展1 “A+with/along with/together with/as well as+B”结构作主语时，谓语动词的数由前面的A的单复数形式决定。如: Mr. Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing. 拓展2 shoes, clothes, trousers, scissors, glasses, shorts, jeans, chopsticks, gloves等作主语时，谓语动词须用复数形式。但如果这些名词被a pair/kind of 修饰时，谓语动词需用单数形式。 二、意义一致原则——主语、谓语在意义上保持一致关系 类别 谓语形式 示例 表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词或词组作主语时，一般看作一个整体 单数形式 Three years is a long time. 集体名词作主语时，如family、team、class、group等 表示整体概念 单数形式 His family is going to move.（强调一个家庭） 表示各个成员 复数形式 His family are all eating.（强调家人） police、people等作主语时 复数形式 The police are helping a girl look for her mother. 拓展1 all、any、enough、half、more、most、some作主语或修饰主语时，若主语表示复数意义，则谓语用复数形式；若主语表示单数意义或是不可数名词，则谓语用单数形式。如： All of the apples are rotten.（所有的苹果都腐烂了。） All of the apple is rotten.（整个苹果都腐烂了。） 拓展2 主语为“分数/百分数+of+名词”时，其后的谓语形式取决于of后的名词的单复数。如： About 60% of the students in our school are boys. About 60% of the work is done. 三、就近一致原则——谓语的单复数取决于离谓语最近的主语的单复数形式 类别 谓语形式 示例 There be句型中 be动词常与离它近的主语在数上保持一致 Thereisa tableand three chairs in Tom's room. either...or... neither...nor... not only...but （also）... not...but... 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与离它较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致 Not onlymy parentsbut alsoI amlooking forward to meeting my uncle. 语境突破练 单句填空 1．Although our _ _ _ _ （餐） look better, large amounts of sugar are often added. 2．Chinese Language Day_ _ _ _ （fall） on April 20th every year. 3．Xinzhou ancient city in Shanxi, with a history of more than 1,800 years, _ _ _ _ （have） over 500 stores and restaurants. 4．A recent study shows that letter writing _ _ _ _ （make） the writer happy. 5．Neither Lily nor her parents _ _ _ _ （be） outdoors when the rainstorm came. 6．This is my good friend, Lucy. Not only she but also I _ _ _ _ （be） good at recycling. We often make some toys out of waste. 7．Reading novels _ _ _ _ （be） her favorite way to relax. 8．There _ _ _ _ a big tree behind the shop. You can see many birds in it. 9．The centre of hurricane（飓风） winds is called the eye. Winds in the eye _ _ _ _ （be） not very strong. 10．There _ _ _ _ （be） some good advice and ways about how to use the Internet correctly and wisely. 11．Each of them _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （receive） a gift from the school every year. 12．Three years _ _ _ _ （be） a short time in one's life. 13．Either you or he _ _ _ _ （be） responsible for the mistake. 14．Once a term, there _ _ _ _ （be） a parents’ meeting in our school. 15．Using public chopsticks _ _ _ _ （be） necessary when eating with others. 16．There _ _ _ _ （be） some milk and several apples in the fridge. 17．Not only Peter but also his father _ _ _ _ （be） crazy about the basketball match. 18．Three fifths of the teachers in our school _ _ _ _ （be） women. 19．Fresh water _ _ _ _ （be） more important than anything else. 20．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （visitor） from all over the country come here to show their respect. 21．While everyone _ _ _ _ （be） laughing about the comic book, I picked up a copy to see what was so funny. 答案 （一）实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词 单选练习 （情态动词） 1．A 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．B 语境突破练 1．can't 2．be 3．do 4．is （二）动词的时态 单选练习 （动词的时态） 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．C 10．B 11．C 12．D 13．D 14．A 15．C 16．D 17．B 18．D 19．A 20．C 21．A 22．B 23．B 24．D 25．C 26．C 27．B 28．B 29．A 30．B 31．B 32．D 33．A 34．D 35．B 36．D 37．A 38．A 39．A 40．A 语境突破练 一、用括号中所给词的正确形式填空 1．spending 2．took 3．tells 4．opened 5．was playing 6．feel 7．will have 8．have fallen 9．is doing 10．scored 11．broke 12．has told 13．costs 14．met 15．am attending 16．will take 17．are playing 18．studied 19．was playing 二、用括号中所给词的正确形式填空 1．moved 2．has lived 3．was 4．loves 5．share 6．was watching 7．started 8．will visit/are going to visit （三）动词的语态 单选练习 （被动语态） 1．C 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．C 语境突破练 1．are not/aren't protected 2．were cut down 3．were built 4．be allowed 5．are killed/have been killed 6．was set up 7．was picked up 8．are not/aren't prevented （四）非谓语动词 语境突破练 一、用括号中所给词的正确形式填空 1．to have 2．to do 3．climbing 4．to be 5．doing 6．to make 7．sell 8．to find 9．studying 10．tell 11．to shake 12．sitting 13．to develop 14．trying 二、用括号中所给词的正确形式填空 1．sending 2．to get 3．to see 4．to be 5．singing 6．going 7．to hear （五）主谓一致 语境突破练 1．meals 2．falls 3．has 4．makes 5．were 6．am 7．is 8．is 9．are 10．is 11．receives 12．is 13．is 14．is 15．is 16．is 17．is 18．are 19．is 20．Visitors 21．was 1/2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $