Unit 1 Science and Scientists 一轮词汇复习 课件-2026届高三英语人教版选择性必修第二册

一轮复习 XB2 U1 Science and Scientists 认阅读单词 1.household[ˈhaʊshəʊld] n.一家人;家庭;同住一所（套）房子的人 2.raw[rɔː] adj.未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的 3.concrete[ˈkɒŋkriːt] n.混凝土 adj.混凝土制的;确实的;具体的 4.statistic[stəˈtɪstɪk] n.（pl. statistics）统计数字;统计资料;统计学 5.framework[ˈfreɪmwɜːk] n.框架;结构 6.microscope[ˈmaɪkrəskəʊp] n.显微镜 7.abstract[ˈæbstrækt] adj.抽象的;理论上的 n.（文献等的）摘要 8.concept[ˈkɒnsept]n.概念;观念 9.mechanic[məˈkænɪk] n.机械师 severe[sɪˈvɪə(r)]adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的 patriotic*[ˌpætriˈɒtɪk]adj.爱国的 steady[ˈstedi] adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的 2 10.telescope[ˈtelɪskəʊp] n.望远镜 11.contradictory[ˌkɒntrəˈdɪktəri] adj. 相互矛盾的;对立的 12.astronomer[əˈstrɒnəmə(r)]n.天文学家 13.theoretical[ˌθɪəˈretɪk(ə)l]adj.理论上的;假设的 14.aviation[ˌeɪviˈeɪʃn] n.航空制造业；航空；飞行 15.missile[ˈmɪsaɪl]n.导弹 finding[ˈfaɪndɪŋ]n.发现;调查结果;(法律)判决 16.trace[treɪs]vt.追溯；追踪；查出 n.痕迹；遗迹；踪迹 17.substantial[səbˈstænʃl] adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的 thinking[ˈθɪŋkɪŋ] n.思想;思维;见解 protein[ˈprəʊtiːn] n.蛋白质 virus[ˈvaɪrəs] n.病毒 cell[sel] n.细胞;小房间;单间牢房 leadership[ˈliːdəʃɪp] n.领导;领导地位;领导才能 Ⅱ.识写作单词 1.subscribe[səbˈskraɪb] vi.认购（股份）;定期订购（或订阅）;定期交纳 2.blame[bleɪm] vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责 n.责备;指责 3.handle[ˈhændl] n.把手;拉手;柄 vt.处理;搬动;操纵（车辆、动物等）; 4.cast[kɑːst]vt.投射;向……投以（视线、笑容等）;投掷 5.outstanding[aʊtˈstændɪŋ] adj.优秀的;杰出的;明显的 6.brilliant[ˈbrɪliənt] adj.聪颖的;绝妙的;明亮的 7.link[lɪŋk] n.联系;纽带 vt.把……连接起来;相关联 pour[pɔː(r)]v.倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料) assistant[əˈsɪstənt] n.助理;助手 4 8.shift[ʃɪft] n.改变;转换;轮班 vi.&vt.转移;挪动;转向 9.decrease[ˈdiːkriːs]n.减少;降低;减少量 [dɪˈkriːs]vt.&vi.（使大小、数量 等）减少;减小;降低 10.shadow[ˈʃædəʊ] n.阴影;影子;背光处 11.solid[ˈsɒlɪd] adj.可靠的;固体的;坚实的 n.固体 12.suspect[səˈspekt] vt.&vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象 13.multiple[ˈmʌltɪpl] adj.数量多的;多种多样的 14.vivid[ˈvɪvɪd] adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的 besides[bɪˈsaɪdz] prep.除……之外(还) adv. 而且;此外 furthermore[ˌfɜːðəˈmɔː(r)] adv.此外;再者 5 Ⅲ.会拓展单词 1.frustrate[frʌˈstreɪt]vt.使懊恼;使沮丧→frustration[frʌˈstreɪʃ(ə)n] n.懊恼;沮丧→frustrated[frʌˈstreɪtɪd]adj.懊恼的;沮丧的→frustrating adj.令人懊恼的;令人沮丧的 2.infect[ɪnˈfekt]vt.使感染;传染→infection[ɪnˈfekʃn] n.感染;传染→ infectious[ɪnˈfekʃəs]adj.感染的;传染性的 3.transform[trænsˈfɔːm] vt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变→ transformation n.改观;转变;改革 4.defend[dɪˈfend] vt.保卫;防守;辩解→defence n.防御;保卫→ defensive adj.防御的;自卫的 6 5.gifted[ˈɡɪftɪd] adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的→gift n.礼物;天赋 6.proof[pruːf] n.证据;证明;检验→prove vt.证明 link v.证明是 7.pure[pjʊə(r)] adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→purely adv.完全地;纯粹地 →purify vt.净化;使……洁净 8.fault[fɔːlt] n.弱点;过错→faulty adj.有错误的;有缺陷的 9.initial[ɪˈnɪʃl] adj.最初的;开始的;第一的→initially adv.最初;开始;起初 7 认阅读单词 1.household[ˈhaʊshəʊld] n.一家人;家庭;同住一所（套）房子的人 2.raw[rɔː] adj.未煮的;生的;未经处理的;原始的 3.concrete[ˈkɒŋkriːt] n.混凝土 adj.混凝土制的;确实的;具体的 4.statistic[stəˈtɪstɪk] n.（pl. statistics）统计数字;统计资料;统计学 5.framework[ˈfreɪmwɜːk] n.框架;结构 6.microscope[ˈmaɪkrəskəʊp] n.显微镜 7.abstract[ˈæbstrækt] adj.抽象的;理论上的 n.（文献等的）摘要 8.concept[ˈkɒnsept] n.概念;观念 9.mechanic[məˈkænɪk] n.机械师 2.（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷）More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. _______________ adj.未经加工的 8 10.telescope[ˈtelɪskəʊp] n.望远镜 11.contradictory[ˌkɒntrəˈdɪktəri] adj. 相互矛盾的;对立的 12.astronomer[əˈstrɒnəmə(r)] n.天文学家 13.theoretical[ˌθɪəˈretɪk(ə)l] adj.理论上的;假设的 14.aviation[ˌeɪviˈeɪʃn] n.航空制造业；航空；飞行 15.missile[ˈmɪsaɪl] n.导弹 16.trace[treɪs] vt.追溯；追踪；查出 n.痕迹；遗迹；踪迹 17.substantial[səbˈstænʃl] adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的 severe [sɪˈvɪə(r)] adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的 patriotic [ˌpætriˈɒtɪk] adj.爱国的 steady [ˈstedi] adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的 thinking [ˈθɪŋkɪŋ] n.思想;思维;见解 protein [ˈprəʊtiːn] n.蛋白质 virus [ˈvaɪrəs] n.病毒 cell [sel] n.细胞;小房间;单间牢房 leadership [ˈliːdəʃɪp] n.领导;领导地位;领导才能 finding [ˈfaɪndɪŋ] n.发现;调查结果;(法律)判决 pour [pɔː(r)] v.倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料) assistant [əˈsɪstənt] n.助理;助手 besides [bɪˈsaɪdz] prep.除……之外(还) adv. 而且;此外 furthermore [ˌfɜːðəˈmɔː(r)] adv.此外;再者 pour [pɔː(r)] vt.倒出; 倾泻; 斟(饮料) vi.涌现，下大雨 Pour the honey into the bowl and mix it thoroughly with the other ingredients. You can pour out your heart to me. It's pouring outside. Thousands of people poured into the stadium to watch the football match. pour sth. into... 把某物倒进… pour out sth. 倒出；倾吐/诉说(思想/感情/经历) pour down 流下；(雨)倾盆而下； rain/pour cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨 pour into/in 涌进 他是如此难过以致于泪水顺着他的脸颊倾泻落下。 He was so sad that tears poured down his cheek . Ⅱ.识写作单词 1.subscribe[səbˈskraɪb] vi.认购（股份）;定期订购（或订阅）;定期交纳 2.blame[bleɪm] vt.把……归咎于;责怪;指责 n.责备;指责 3.handle[ˈhændl] n.把手;拉手;柄 vt.处理;搬动;操纵（车辆、动物等）; 4.cast[kɑːst] vt.投射;向……投以（视线、笑容等）;投掷 5.outstanding[aʊtˈstændɪŋ] adj.优秀的;杰出的;明显的 6.brilliant[ˈbrɪliənt] adj.聪颖的;绝妙的;明亮的 7.link[lɪŋk] n.联系;纽带 vt.把……连接起来;相关联 12 subscribe [səb'skraɪb] v.认购(股份); 订购，签署，同意 subscribe to...: ①定期订购；订阅 ②捐款; ③赞同= approve of = agree with subscriber  n. 订阅人；定期捐款者；消费者 subscription  n. 订阅；订阅费；定期捐款 (1)Many companies subscribed generously to the football club. ___________ (2)Which journals does the library subscribe to? ____________ (3)I’ve never subscribed to the view that either sex is superior to the other. _____ 写出句中 subscribe to 的含义 捐赠 订阅 同意 ① Some even offer a (subscribe) service with quarterly or even monthly updates. ② Using the money I earned in the holiday, I _______________to several magazines recently. ③ He the view that children benefit from being independent.他赞同孩子们能从独立中获益这一观点。 subscription have subscribed subscribes to 【即学即练】单句语法填空。 2.（2022·全国甲卷）The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.___ 3.Driving a car is not just handling controls but judging speed and distance.___ 4.Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles.___ 一词多义 handle A.vt.处理 B.vt.控制;操纵 C.n.把手 D.vt.（用手）触；碰；拿 1.（2023·浙江1月卷）Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations.___ A D B C 15 8.shift[ʃɪft] n.改变;转换;轮班 vi.&vt.转移;挪动;转向 9.decrease[ˈdiːkriːs] n.减少;降低;减少量 [dɪˈkriːs] vt.&vi.（使大小、数量 等）减少;减小;降低 10.shadow[ˈʃædəʊ] n.阴影;影子;背光处 11.solid[ˈsɒlɪd] adj.可靠的;固体的;坚实的 n.固体 12.suspect[səˈspekt] vt.&vi.怀疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑对象 13.multiple[ˈmʌltɪpl] adj.数量多的;多种多样的 14.vivid[ˈvɪvɪd] adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的 1.（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm （BMF） shortens it even more. ___________ adj.可靠的 16 suspect [səˈspekt] v. 疑有, 怀疑 n.嫌疑犯; 可疑对象 adj.可疑的 suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事 suspicion (n.)怀疑 suspicious (adj.) 怀疑的；不信任的 The drug is suspected of causing over 200 deaths. 6.I was overcome with sadness because I was suspected ___ stealing his money. of suspect [səˈspekt] v. 疑有, 怀疑 n.嫌疑犯; 可疑对象 adj.可疑的 单句语法填空/完成句子 ① We suspected the officer having a hand in the affair. ②__________(suspect) of violating traffic rules, he was questioned by the police. ③ He became ___________of his behaviour and contacted the police. ④老板怀疑他从公司拿走了电脑。 →The boss ________________________________________________ ______________________． of suspicious Suspected suspected him of taking the computer away from the company multiple ['mʌltɪpl] adj. 数量多的; 多种多样的 前缀 multi- “多的”“多倍的” multicultural 多元文化的 multimedia 多媒体 multifunctional 多功能的 multitask 同时处理多项任务 中国是一个有着悠久历史的多民族国家。 China is a multi-ethnic country with a long history. Ⅲ.会拓展单词 1.frustrate[frʌˈstreɪt]vt.使懊恼;使沮丧→frustration[frʌˈstreɪʃ(ə)n] n.懊恼;沮丧→frustrated[frʌˈstreɪtɪd]adj.懊恼的;沮丧的→frustrating adj.令人懊恼的;令人沮丧的 2.infect[ɪnˈfekt]vt.使感染;传染→infection[ɪnˈfekʃn] n.感染;传染→ infectious[ɪnˈfekʃəs]adj.感染的;传染性的 3.transform[trænsˈfɔːm] vt.使改观;使改变形态 vi.改变;转变→ transformation n.改观;转变;改革 4.defend[dɪˈfend] vt.保卫;防守;辩解→defence n.防御;保卫→ defensive adj.防御的;自卫的 20 5.gifted[ˈɡɪftɪd] adj.有天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的→gift n.礼物;天赋 6.proof[pruːf] n.证据;证明;检验→prove vt.证明 link v.证明是 7.pure[pjʊə(r)] adj.干净的;纯的;纯粹的→purely adv.完全地;纯粹地 →purify vt.净化;使……洁净 8.fault[fɔːlt] n.弱点;过错→faulty adj.有错误的;有缺陷的 9.initial[ɪˈnɪʃl] adj.最初的;开始的;第一的→initially adv.最初;开始;起初 21 proof [pruːf] n.证据; 证明; 检验 (复数 proofs) --proof 作为后缀 防...的；抗...的 rainproof adj.防雨的； windproof adj.防风的 waterproof adj.防水的 prove v. 证明；检验 =evidence [ˈevɪdəns] n. 证据 (不可数名词) 完形填空 ①A severe outbreak of cholera(霍乱)cast a shadow over 蒙上阴影Londoners’ life. Faced with  面临，面对 two apparently contradictory theories about the possible cause, John Snow, a brilliant    1    scientist, was determined to     2     the disease once and for all 彻底地、最终地、一劳永逸地. 1. A.chemical B.technical C.medical D.agricultural 2. A.affect B.cause C.damage D.defeat ②Instead of using a microscope 显微镜 to study the germ, he marked on a map where the victims 受害者；牺牲品 4 . He noticed that multiple deaths were near the water pump(水泵) in Broad Street   5 some households 一家人；家务；家用的 who drank 【drink-drank-drunk】free beer given by the pub  they worked in. John Snow     6     that the pump water was to blame 该受责备，应承担责任 but still he needed concrete     7    . He had the handle of the pump     8     so that it could not be used. Through this     9    , the disease was immediately under control 处于控制之下；情况正常. 4.A.attacked B.concerned C.lived D.headed 5.A.except B.besides C.including D.from 6.A.suspected B.convinced C.estimated D.wondered 7.A.solutions B.methods C.proposals D.proof 8.A.turned B.switched C.removed D.bent 9.A.innovation B.evaluation C.intervention D.persuasion ③John Snow subscribed to  赞同the view that there was a link between the  10 and the Broad Street outbreak. He continued to discover that the water had been 11 by raw waste 生活垃圾；未经处理的废物. He announced his findings and urged that people drink    12  or boiled water. Soon, there was a substantial 大量的；实质的   13   in cholera cases. 14   his solid work, people were able to defeat cholera. Furthermore (此外), his use of maps and statistics 数据transformed the thinking of the scientific world  towards     15    diseases. That is why he is considered “Father of Modern Epidemiology /ˌepɪˌdiːmiˈɒlədʒi/ (流行病学)”. 10.A.map B.pump C.beer D.handle 11.A.tackled B.comprised C.examined D.polluted 12.A.pure B.nutritional C.raw D.salty 13.A.change B.decrease C.development D.increase 14.A. Thanks to B.Apart from C.In spite of D.Rather than 15.A.conventional B.incredible C.relevant D.infectious 语篇填空 一文练透 27 Cholera, an infectious disease caused by germs, used to affect people's health 1.________（severe）, thus causing many deaths and casting a shadow on the world. Fortunately, cholera was overcome by a brilliant and outstanding doctor called John Snow. At first, John Snow felt 2._________（frustrate） when many people came down with this disease, and he was determined to defeat “King Cholera” once and 3.____all. Initially, there were two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. severely frustrated for 28 Snow 4.__________（subscribe） to the second one that cholera was caused by an 5._________（infect） from germs in food or water. But Snow needed solid proof to defend his viewpoint. When cholera broke out in London in 1854, Snow, along with some gifted assistants, discovered that there were multiple deaths in some 6.___________ （household） near a water pump, which showed there was a link between the cases of cholera and the water. Snow suspected that the water pump was 7._________ subscribed infection households to blame （blame）, so he had the handle of the water pump 8._________ （remove）. Thanks to Snow's intervention and tireless efforts, people began to drink pure water instead of raw water. As a result, there was 9.___ substantial decrease in the threat of cholera and a shift in the death rate. Furthermore, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. Above all, his vivid thinking 10._____ concept of disease were quite novel at that time. Therefore, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology. removed a and 核心考点 精讲精练 31 decrease [dɪ'kriːs] v. 减少; 减小; 降低 ['diːkriːs] n. 减少; 降低: 减少量 The number of new students decreased to 160 this year. Average house prices decreased by 13% last year. This species of bird is decreasing in numbers every year. 4.With more people choosing public transport, the use of private cars during rush hour is on the decrease. decrease by... 减少了…… decrease to... 减少到…… decrease from ... to ... 从......减少到...... decrease in.../a decrease in 在……(方面)降低/减少 on the decrease 在减少 increase与其用法一致 ①（外研·X2U5）But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease ______ 130，000 ___around 10，000, it also meant less food for the cats. from to ②Over the past decades, sea ice has been ____ the decrease in the Arctic as a result of global warming. on ③Because of human activities,________________________________ ___________________________．由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的 数量正在减少。 the number of some rare animals is on the decrease/is decreasing 33 2 link n.联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联 翻译句子：It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home and nature. 它可以给人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点,并有助于建立家与自然之间的联系。 34 link [lɪŋk] n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把…连接起来；相关联 (1) a link between...and... ...和...之间的联系 (2) link A to/with B 将A与B联系起来 be linked to/with... 与……有联系/有关 =be related to =be relevant to = be connected with = be associated with 1.心脏病可能与吸烟有关。 1.There may be a link madness and creativity. 2.The country (link) to the town by a new bridge. between is linked The highway links Shanghai to/with Beijing. Heart disease might be linked to smoking. 2.这条公路连接上海和北京。 3 blame vt.责怪；指责；把……归咎于 n.责任；责备 （北师大·X1U3）Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction. This time，human activity will be _________（blame）. to blame 36 ① The failure of the experiment cannot be blamed him alone. ② Mary, rather than you, is (blame) for not finishing the work on time. ③ She blamed her husband the failure of their marriage. ④ (blame) by the teacher, Mary was pulling a long face. on to blame for Blamed ⑤ 翻译：Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. 很多人发现早上起床很困难，并将责任归咎于闹钟。 4 defend [dɪ'fend] v.保卫; 防守 vt.为...辩解/护 defence/defense n.防御;保卫 defensive adj.防御的，戒备的；防守的 defend...from/against 保护……以免受 Parents should defend their children from danger in daily life. defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫 The suspect chose to remain silent instead of defending himself in court. in defence of 为了保卫；为……辩护 We should respect the soldiers who died in defence of their country. 5 cast [kɑːst] vt.扔，投，掷 n.全体演员 cast-cast-cast cast a shadow/cloud over/on... 给……蒙上一层阴影 An unhappy childhood would cast a shadow on one's whole life. cast a look/glance at... 向……看一眼 She cast a quick glance at her watch, worried she’d miss the last bus. cast sb. down 使沮丧；使失望 The news that the sports meeting was canceled cast him down. cast light on 阐明；解释；使清楚 The new research findings cast light on why some plants can survive in extremely dry environments. 40 ①（译林·X3U2）Hopefully， it will _________________ （使进一步了解） the Earth's climate and lead to better lightning protection. cast new light on ②People can cast votes ____ those they adore. ③She cast a glance ___the mirror and went out, shutting the door behind her. for at ④（2022·新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷·读后续写）The coach heard what David said and ___________________________.教练听到了David的话,向 我投来坚定的目光。 cast a determined look at me 41 Ⅳ.记重点短语 1.once and for all 最终地;彻底地 2.subscribe to 同意;赞同 3.thanks to 幸亏;由于 4.attend to 照顾;照料 5.be linked to 与……有联系/关联 6.break out 爆发;突然开始 7.in charge of 主管;掌管 8.come down with 患（病）;染上（小病） 9.what's more 而且;另外 10.above all 最重要的是;尤其是 11.be to blame for （doing） sth 因（做了）某事而受责备;对…… 负有责任 12.suspect sb of （doing） sth 怀疑某人（做了）某事 13.depend on/upon 依靠；取决于 42 选用上面短语并用其适当形式填空 1.This morning, several classmates and I  　subscribed to　⁠ the idea that we went to pick up rubbish in the People’s Park.  2. 　Thanks to　⁠ the good care of the nurse, the boy is gradually recovering from his lung operation.  3.We’d like to employ a secretary who is friendly, hard－working, and  　above able to deal with something unexpected.  4.The chief engineer is a man of wisdom, who is  　in charge of　⁠ directing the building of the subway.  5.Since my grandfather  came down with　⁠ the disease, we have taken turns to care for him.  6.The friendship between the two countries can  　be traced back to　⁠ last century. subscribed to　   Thanks to　 above all 　 in charge of　 came down with　 be traced back to　 追溯到…… break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 break down 出故障;失败;垮掉;分解;打破 break in 打断(谈话等);破门而入 break into 突然……起来;强行闯入 break away from 脱离;摆脱 break up 打碎;关系破裂;解散 break through 突破 break-broke-broken 单句语法填空/完成句子 ① The family had escaped to America shortly before the war in 1939. ② Many people the poverty barrier in 2020 with the assistance of our government. ③ Your health will if you don’t pay attention to regular exercise. ④ Close the door and windows carefully to prevent some strangers_____________your house. broke out broke through break down breaking into 语境辨义/熟词生义 ①The outstanding scientist is in charge of handling the matter. __________ ②I will charge you one hundred yuan for repairing your cellphone. __________ ③The police charged the thief with stealing raw materials from the company. _______ 控告 in charge of 主管；掌管（表主动） charge v. 收费；控告；充电 n.费用；指控；电量；掌管 主管 收费 (v.)charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用 charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事 (n.)in charge of 主管；掌管（表主动） take charge of 掌管/负责……（表主动） in the charge of 由……负责（表被动） free of charge＝for free 免费 above all 最重要的是；尤其是 47 用all有关短语的正确形式填空 ①The university I recommend to you is Beijing Language and Culture University.____________________, you'd better learn some basic Chinese before you come._________, you will be under completely unfamiliar circumstances.__________, studying for a degree in a different culture is not easy ______.（推荐信） First of all/Above all After all All in all at all 48 come down (with) 患(病)；染上(小病) come up with 提及；想出 come about 发生 come across 偶然遇见，碰见 come out (太阳等天体)出现；开花；出版 come into being 形成，产生 when it comes to... 当谈到…… come on 加油 1. Above all，tell me how the accident immediately. 2. My assistant’s first novel , which made me proud of him. 3. Aware that my partner a serious disease, I had knots in my throat and rushed to hospital anxiously. (2022·浙江1月，读后续写) 4. ___ English learning, I have the following practical suggestions to share. Firstly, when you unfamiliar words, don’t always refer to the dictionary. Besides, when teachers ask questions in class, you should try to answers. Lastly, if you fail, you must say to yourself, “ ！”(应用文写作之建议信) came about came out came down with When it comes to come across come up with Come on 用come有关短语的正确形式填空 ①（外研·B3U3）Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton's head and led him ________________ his theory of gravity. to come up with 51 ②（外研·X3U6）Then the sun__________, and by the time I had sat down to breakfast it was shining bravely and flushing the snow with delicate pinks. came out ③（译林·X4U2）Word borrowing ____________when two cultures with different languages interact. ④（2022·全国甲卷·应用文写作）_________________the ocean, its pollution is becoming more and more serious. comes about When it comes to 52 ⑤（2022·浙江1月卷·读后续写）Knowing that my partner ________________ a serious disease，I had knots in my throat and rushed to hospital anxiously. came down with ⑥Though we may ____________ many failures, as long as we try our best, there is no need to regret for these failures. （读后续写·主旨升华） come across 53 9 have+宾语+宾语补足语 （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.18岁以下的志愿者必须让 家长/监护人在同意栏签字。 54 55 ①（人教·X2U1）It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it _________（deliver） to her house every day. delivered ②It was cold, and she had the fire ________（burn） day and night. ③Uncle Sam won't have my father and me _________（return） to the farm too late. burning returning 56 ④I am terribly sorry for ____________________________________， because I had an urgent thing to attend to just now.非常抱歉让你 等了我这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。 （道歉信） having you waiting for me for so long ⑤Since everyone's time is limited， we're surely supposed to cherish it and ____________________________________.因为每个 人的时间都是有限的，所以我们都应该珍惜时间，努力实现自己的 梦想。（读后续写·主旨升华） work hard to have our dreams realized 57 语法填空 People may admire a mechanical engineer who can make great inventions oran outstanding writer 1.                 can give a vivid description of a beautiful rainbow after a pouring rain.  For me, the most respectable  people are scientists —Qian Xuesen and Stephen Hawking, to name a few 仅举几例. After the Songhu Battle  2.                 (break)out, Qian Xuesen linked his career choice to the defense of the country, 3.                he shifted 转移，改变 his major to aviation (/ˌeɪviˈeɪʃ(ə)n/航空学).Having graduated   4.                   the California Institute of Technology, he returned to China and 5.                 (put)in charge of China’ s rocket and missile n.导弹；投掷物；adj.可投掷的；用以发射导弹的 program. Regardless of(不顾)the difficulties at the initial stage of his research, he managed to turn abstract 6.                  (concept)into reality. Under his leadership, China 7.                     (successful)developed its own rockets and missiles. who so broke from was put concepts successfully Stephen Hawking was a gifted physicist whose Big Bang theory was  later proved by astronomers with telescopes 望远镜. Even though he came down  with 患有 a disease that caused gradual loss of  muscle movement, he carried on his research. His talent, determination, and above all 最重要的是, 8.          (he) bravery to point out the faults n.错误；责任; v. 挑剔，指责 in former theories, are what made him an outstanding physicist. 9.                (inspire)by the great scientists, I am studying hard to be a  medical scientist,10.                     (hope)to find a way to defeat bird flu  by blocking v.阻塞，堵塞；n.街区，障碍物 a key protein/ˈprəʊtiːn/ in the cells that assists the spread of the virus. his Inspired hoping Part 2 写作衔接练 写作一 应用文增分练（人物描写/介绍信·最崇敬的科学家） （2024·安徽黄山高三一模）假定你是李华，你校英文杂志社要 举办以“与科学家跨时空对话（Talk to a Scientist Across Time and Space）”为主题的书信征文活动。请你用英文写一封信给你最崇敬 的一位科学家，内容包括：1.表达对他（她）的崇敬之情；2.解释 你崇敬他（她）的原因。 61 Ⅰ.按要求完成句子 1.你对科学界做出了巨大的贡献,被认为是最伟大的女科学家之一。 （contribution; regard） __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________→________ __________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ （用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句升级句式） You have made great contributions to the world of science, and are regarded as one of the greatest woman scientists. You have made great contributions to the world of science, for which you are regarded as one of the greatest woman scientists. 62 2.作为一名女性,当时在波兰,你不可能被大学录取。你去了法国深造, 并获得了物理学学位。（likely; admit） __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Unlikely to be admitted to a university in Poland as a woman at that time, you went to France for further studies and received a degree in physics. 63 3.由于你卓越的思想和坚定的决心,你在发现镭方面取得了巨大的成 功,并因此获得了诺贝尔奖。（thanks to; brilliant; thinking; 动词 -ing形式作状语） __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ _________________ Thanks to your brilliant thinking and great determination, you achieved great success in discovering radium, enabling you to win the Nobel Prize. 64 4.你的吃苦耐劳的精神和毅力值得学习。 _______________________________________________________ →_____________________________________________________ ________（用强调句型升级句式） Your hard-working spirit and perseverance are worth learning. It's your hard-working spirit and perseverance that are worth learning. 5.你是我的榜样，一直激励着我努力学习，为国家做贡献。 __________________________________________________________ ___________________________________ You are my role model and have been inspiring me to study hard to make contributions to my country. 65 Ⅱ.衔接成文 Dear Madame Curie， ____________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 66 参考范文 Dear Madame Curie, I am writing to express my admiration for you. You have made great contributions to the world of science, for which you are regarded as one of the greatest woman scientists. Unlikely to be admitted to a university in Poland as a woman at that time, you went to France for further studies and received a 67 degree in physics. Thanks to your brilliant thinking and great determination, you achieved great success in discovering radium, enabling you to win the Nobel Prize. It's your hard-working spirit and perseverance that are worth learning. You are my role model and have been inspiring me to study hard to make contributions to my country. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 写作二 读后续写主题练（动作描写·“手部”动作） Ⅰ.素材积累 单 词 wave; throw; point; dig; drag/pull; push; fold; knock; tap; clap/applaud; press; touch; wipe; pat; rub; catch/grab/grasp; scratch（挠）; tear（撕） 69 短 语 raise/put up one's hand 举手 clap one's hands 拍手 spread one's hands 摊开双手 hold out/reach out one's hand 伸出手 reach for one's hand 伸手抓住某人 take/hold one's hand 牵某人的手 with one's head in one's hands 双手抱头 cup... in one's hands 双手捧着…… 续表 70 短 语 put one's hands to one's cheeks 用双手捂住脸 rub one's hands together 使劲搓着双手 point a finger at/to... 用手指指着…… tap/drum one's fingers （on...） 用手指轻敲（……） thumb up at sb 朝某人竖起大拇指 snap one's fingers 打响指 poke sb with one's finger 用手指戳某人 续表 71 句 子 ①（人教·B3U5）Then he folds the bill and slowly unfolds it again, as if looking at something he can't believe is there. 接着，他把钞票折起来，又慢慢展开，好像在看一件他不相 信的东西。 ②（北师大·X2U4）After being seated at his table, Mr Bean takes out a card, writes a few words on it, puts it in an envelope and places it on the table. 在餐厅就座后，憨豆先 生拿出一张卡片，在上面写了几个字，把卡片塞进信封，然 后放在桌子上。 续表 72 句 子 ③（北师大·X2U4）He takes all the money out of his wallet, counts it and puts it in a saucer. 他把钱包里所有 的钱都拿出来，数了数，放进碟子里。 ④He patted me on the head， held my hands gently and told me not to worry.他拍拍我的头，轻轻地握住我的手，告 诉我不要担心。 续表 73 Ⅱ.对点场景练 助人为乐I ①__________________, ②_____________________ ____ and wiped the tears on his face. He stood where he was, ③_________________________. Then I ④______________ and walked him home, encouraging him to face life positively. Later, I often chatted with him and helped him with troubles. As time passed, Jeremy behaved better. Whenever he saw me, he would ⑤_____________________________. At the end of the school year, hugged him gently patted him on the back rubbing his hands together took his hand wave to me with a broad smile 74 Jeremy ⑥__________________________ and thanked me repeatedly. At that moment, I realized the meaning of serving—knowing a person deeply and giving what he needs. 我轻轻地拥抱了他，拍了拍他的背并擦去他脸上的泪水。他站 在原地，双手使劲搓着。然后我牵起他的手送他回家，鼓励他积极 面对生活。后来，我经常和他聊天并帮他解决麻烦。随着时间的流 逝，Jeremy表现得越来越好。每当他看到我，他都会带着灿烂的笑 容向我挥手。在学年结束时，Jeremy紧紧地拥抱我并一次又一次地 感谢我。在那一刻，我突然意识到服务的意义——深入了解一个人 并给予他所需要的东西。 hugged/embraced me tightly $