UNIT 2 教材原文助读4-（配套教参）【学霸笔记·同步精讲 教材助读 语基默写】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册（人教版）

本高中英语讲义围绕“道德与美德”单元，系统整合核心词汇（如disguise, maple）、短语（如in tears, in despair）及语法点（定语从句、独立主格结构），通过故事《挡道的石头》搭建“词汇-语法-语篇”学习支架，引导学生从语言知识过渡到主题理解与价值探究。 资料以故事为载体实现语境化教学，学生在分析故事中人物行为（如女孩主动移石）时提升语言理解与表达能力，培养问题解决思维及社会责任感，体现语言能力与思维品质的融合。课中辅助教师结合语法注释深化语篇分析，课后助力学生通过词汇表与故事翻译巩固知识，查漏补缺。

UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES 教材原文助读4 教材原文助读4 ① once upon a time 从前 ② disguise [dɪs'ɡaɪz] vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖 n．伪装；化装用具 in disguise 伪装；乔装 ③maple ['meɪpl] n. 枫树；槭树 ④ cart [kɑːt] n．手推车；运货马车 shopping cart 购物车 ⑤ crash into 撞上 ⑥ spill [spɪl] vt.& vi.(使)洒出；(使)溢出 It's no use crying over spilt milk. (谚)覆水难收。 ⑦ pick oneself up (跌倒后)站起来 ⑧ come along出现； 一起来 ⑩ limp [lɪmp] vi.跛行； 一瘸一拐地走 ⑪ in tears流着泪； 含着泪 tear [tɪə(r)] n．眼泪； 泪水 ⑫neither...nor... 既不……也不…… ⑬ make an attempt to do sth. 尝试做某事 ⑭in despair 处于绝望中 despair [dɪ'speə(r)] n. 绝望 vi.绝望；感到无望 ⑮ responsibility n．责任 ⑯ keep...from... 阻止……免受…… ⑰harm [hɑːm] n．& vt. 伤害；损害 do harm to 对……有害 ⑱ see sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事 ⑲ say to oneself 自言 自语 ⑳ a danger to 对……是一种危险  might [maɪt] n．力量；威力(might在此处用作名词，还可作情态动词，表示“可能”)  a great deal (of) 大量  succeed in doing sth. 成功地做了某事  step out 走出  belong to 属于(to 是介词)  if not 如果不是这样的话；不然，否则  lesson n．[熟词生义]经验；教训 THE STONE IN THE ROAD Once upon a time①there was a king who often thought, “Nothing good can come to a nation [1]whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems．” One day, he had an idea. [1]此处是whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词a nation。 Early one morning, the king disguised②himself and went to a local village. He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street and hid gold coins under the stone. Then he hid behind a huge maple③ tree and watched. The first person down the street was a milkman with his cart④. He crashed into⑤ the stone, [2]spilling⑥ the milk everywhere．“What fool put this stone here？” he shouted. He picked himself up⑦ and angrily went away. After a while, a group of women came along⑧， [3]each balancing a pot of water on her head．One woman tripped over⑨ the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground. She picked herself up and limped⑩ away in tears⑪. Neither she nor⑫ her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road. [3]此处是独立主格结构，each是逻辑主语，相当于“each of whom balanced a pot of water on her head”。 The king watched all day as many people complained about the stone, but he found nobody making an attempt to⑬ move it. The king was in despair⑭.“Is there no one in this village [4]who feels any responsibility⑮to keep their neighbours from⑯ harm⑰？” [4]此处是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词no one。 其中“to keep their neighbours from harm”是动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰responsibility。 Just then, the king saw a young girl coming⑱along. She was the daughter of a local farmer.She had been working all day and was very tired. But when she saw the stone, she said to herself⑲， “This stone is a danger to⑳ anyone [5] who comes down the street after dark. I'll move it out of the way.” [5]此处是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词anyone, anyone who 可以用whoever替换。 The girl pushed the stone with all her might.After a great deal ofeffort, she finally succeeded in movingit to the side of the street. Imagine her surprise when she saw the gold coins [6]where the stone had been! Just then, the king stepped outfrom behind the tree. “Oh sir，” the girl said, “does this gold belong toyou? [7]If not, we surely must find the owner, for he will certainly miss it.” [7]本句中的“If not”是if省略句，for 为并列连词，连接两个并列句，for意为“因为”，表示原因。 The king said, “My dear, the gold is mine. I put it in the road and moved the stone over it. [8]Now the gold is yours, because you are the only person who has learnt the lessonI wanted to teach my people.” [8]本句中的because引导的原因状语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the only person; “I wanted to teach my people”是省略关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词the lesson。 挡道的石头 从前有一个国王，他经常思考：“如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨，并且总是期待别人来解决他们的问题，那么这个国家就不会有什么好事。”有一天，他想到一个办法。 一天清晨，国王乔装打扮一番后，来到了当地的一个村庄。他把一块大石头放在了主路的中间，并且在石头下面藏了一些金币。然后，他就躲在一棵大枫树后面观察。 路上走来的第一个人是推着手推车的送奶工。他撞在石头上，把牛奶洒得到处都是。“哪个傻瓜把石头放在这里了？”他大喊道。他站起来，生气地离开了。 过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。一个女人被石头绊倒了，她的水罐也摔到地上。她站起来，一瘸一拐地哭着走了。她和她的朋友们都没想过把石头从道路中间挪开。 国王观察了一整天，看到很多人都埋怨这块石头，却发现没人试着把它挪开。国王陷入了绝望。“难道这个村子里没有人觉得自己有责任不让他们的邻居受到伤害吗？” 就在那时，国王看到一个小姑娘走过来。她是当地一位农民的女儿。她忙活了一天，疲惫不堪。但当她看到那块石头时，她自言自语道：“对于天黑以后走在这条路上的人来说，这块石头很危险，我得把它从这条路上挪开。” 女孩使出了全身力气去推石头。经过一番努力，她终于成功地把石头推到了路边。想象一下，当她看到原先石头所在之处的金币时有多么惊讶！ 此时，国王从树后走了出来。“哦，先生，”女孩说道，“这些金币是您的吗？如果不是的话，我们必须找到失主，因为他一定会发现它不见了。” 国王答道：“亲爱的，金币是我的，是我把它放在了路上，然后把石头压在上面。现在，金币是你的了，因为我想教给我的人民的道理，只有你一人学会了。” 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $