摘要:
本高中英语讲义围绕“太空探索”主题,系统梳理核心词汇(如frontier, gravity, satellite等)、关键短语(look up at, succeed in doing等)及语法结构(宾语从句、不定式作定语、现在分词作状语等),构建从词汇积累到语法解析再到语篇理解的学习支架,助力学生掌握主题相关语言知识与阅读技能。
该资料亮点突出,通过词汇表与语法注释提升学生语言能力,融入中外太空探索成就(如中国天宫空间站、美国旅行者一号)培养文化意识与家国情怀,结合事故与探索精神的分析锻炼思维品质。课中辅助教师高效授课,课后帮助学生巩固知识、查漏补缺,提升学习效率。
内容正文:
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION 教材原文助读 7
教材原文助读7
①frontier ['frʌntIə(r)] n.
边境;国界;边远地区
②look up at抬头看
③vehicle ['viːəkl] n.交通工具;车辆
④suitable adj.合适的,适合的
be suitable to do sth.适合做某事
⑤determined [dI'tɜːmInd] adj.
有决心的;意志坚定的
be determined to do sth.决心做某事
determine [dI'tɜːmIn] vt.
查明;确定;决定
⑥succeed in doing sth.成功做某事
⑦rocket ['rɒkIt] n.火箭;
火箭弹
⑧gravity ['ɡrævəti] n.重力;
引力
⑨satellite ['sætəlaIt] n.人造卫星;卫星
⑩launch [lɔːntʃ] vt.& n.
发射;发起;上市
⑪orbit ['ɔːbIt] n.(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道;势力范围
vt.& vi.沿轨道运行;
环绕……运行
⑫focus on专注于;集中于
⑬step onto走上;踏上
⑭giant ['dʒaIənt] adj.巨大的;伟大的n.巨人;巨兽;伟人
⑮leap [liːp] n.跳跃;剧增;
剧变vi.& vt.跳过;跃过
⑯mankind [mæn'kaInd] n.
人类
⑰agency ['eIdʒənsi] n.(政府的)专门机构;服务机构;
代理处
agent n.代理人;代理商
⑱transmit [træns'mIt] vt.& vi.传输;发送
transmission n.输送;传送
⑲data ['deItə] n.[pl.]资料;数据
⑳on board在宇宙飞船上;
在船上;在飞机上
go wrong出错;出故障
spacecraft ['speIskrɑːft] n.
航天器;宇宙飞船
mission n.任务
disappointment [ˌdIsə'pɔIntmənt]
n.失望;沮丧
disappointed [ˌdIsə'pɔIntId]
adj.失望的;沮丧的
disappoint vt.使……失望
disappointing adj.令人失望的
desire [dI'zaIə(r)] n.渴望;欲望 vt.渴望;期望
universe ['juːnIvɜːs] n.宇宙;
天地万物
universal adj.普遍的
universally adv.普遍地
carry on继续做,坚持干
despite prep.尽管;虽然
make great progress取得很大进步
independently
[ˌIndI'pendəntli]
adv.独立地;自立地
independent [ˌIndI'pendənt]
adj.独立的;自立的
independence n.独立;自立
manned adj.载人的;
有人驾驶的
spacewalk ['speIswɔːk] n.太空行走;太空行走的时间
jade [dʒeId] n.玉;翡翠;玉器
signal ['sIɡnəl] vt.& vi.
标志着;标明;发信号
n.信号;标志
further study进一步研究
enable sb. to do sth.
使某人能够做某事
survive v.幸存;存活
SPACE: THE FINAL FRONTIER①
“Are we alone? What's out there?” People have always looked up at② the stars and wondered about space. Today, scientists design vehicles③ to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries. Space exploration has come a long way, and we now hope to discover other planets that are suitable④ enough to support life.
Before the mid-20th century, most people felt[1] travelling into space was only a dream that could never come true. However, scientists were determined⑤ to realise that dream. After many experiments, they succeeded in⑥ making rockets⑦ that could escape Earth's gravity⑧. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite⑨ was launched⑩ by the USSR and successfully orbited⑪ around Earth. Afterwards, the USSR focused on⑫ sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961,[2] Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space. Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto⑬ the moon, [3]famously saying, “That's one small step for [a] man, one giant⑭ leap⑮ for mankind⑯.” Following this, there were many more important space achievements. For example, on 5 September 1977, America's NASA space agency⑰ launched Voyager 1 to study deep space, and it still transmits⑱ data⑲ to this day. And the International Space Station (1998) has provided a continuous human presence in space, with astronauts from many different countries on board⑳.
[1]此处是省略连词that的宾语从句,其中travelling into space是动词-ing短语作主语;并且此宾语从句中又包含一个that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词a dream,that在从句中作主语。
[2]此处是“sb. be/become the first person to do...”结构,意为“某人是第一个做……的人”,动词不定式to do作后置定语。
[3]此处是现在分词短语作伴随状语,表明动作say与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. For example, all the astronauts on the Soyuz 11, Challenger, and Columbia spacecrafts died during their missions. However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die.[4] This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
[4]本句是一个复合句。“This is because...”意为“这是因为……”,because引导表语从句,其后接原因;despite the huge risks是“介词+名词”作状语。
China's space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress in a short time. China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. On 23 July 2020, China sent Tianwen 1 to explore the surface of Mars. It arrived in February 2021 and then sent back lots of valuable information. And from 2021 to 2022, China completed a number of rocket missions to establish its own space station. In 2022, the launch of the Mengtian module signaled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station. This modern space station will allow astronauts to conduct many important experiments, greatly [5]furthering our understanding of the universe.
The future of space exploration remains bright. Many countries have plans to further study planets like Mars and Jupiter. Despite the difficulties, scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future.
太空:最后的边境
“我们是孤家寡人吗?外面还有什么呢?”人们总是仰望星空,对太空充满好奇。如今,科学家们研制出飞行器将宇航员送入太空进行重大发现。太空探索已经取得了长足的进步,并且我们现在希望发现其他适合生命生存的行星。
二十世纪中叶之前,大部分人认为在太空旅行仅仅是一个永远无法实现的梦。然而,科学家们下定决心要实现这一梦想。很多次实验之后,他们成功制造出了能够摆脱地球引力的火箭。1957年10月4日,“斯普特尼克一号”人造卫星在苏联发射升空,并成功环绕地球运行。之后,苏联专注于载人太空飞行,1961年4月12日,尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。八年多后,美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗于1969年7月20日踏上月球,并说出了那句名言:“对一个人来说那是一小步;对人类来说却是一大步。”此后,还有许多更重要的太空成就。例如,为了深入研究外太空,美国国家航空与航天局于1977年9月5日发射“旅行者一号”,并且该探测器至今仍在传送数据。国际空间站(1998年)上有许多来自不同国家的宇航员,使人类在太空中持续生存成为可能。
虽然科学家们极力确保万无一失,但事故仍时有发生。例如,“联盟11号”“挑战者号”以及“哥伦比亚号”航天飞机上的所有宇航员们在执行任务时全部遇难。然而,尽管这样的灾难带来了许多悲伤和失望,探索宇宙的渴望却永不磨灭。这是因为尽管风险巨大,人们还是坚信继续太空探索的重要性。
中国的太空项目起步晚于俄罗斯和美国,但在短时间内取得了很大进步。2003年,杨利伟搭乘“神舟五号”飞船成功环绕地球轨道飞行,中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。之后,“神舟六号”和“神舟七号”分别完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行和中国人的第一次太空漫步。紧接着,“玉兔号”月球车抵达月球,开展对月球表面的研究。2020年7月23日,中国发送“天问一号”探测火星表面。它于2021年2月到达,然后发回了许多有价值的信息。2021年至2022年,中国完成了许多火箭任务以建立自己的空间站。2022年,“梦天舱”的发射标志着“天宫空间站”的基本建成。这个现代化的空间站将允许宇航员进行许多重要的实验,极大地推动了我们对宇宙的理解。
太空探索的未来仍然是光明的。许多国家都已制订计划,将进一步研究火星、木星等行星。尽管困难重重,科学家们希望做出更有价值的发现,使人类能够在未来更好地生存。
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