Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature.【单元拔高卷】-2025-2026学年八年级新教材英语下册基础知识专项讲练（新教材人教版）

班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature .（单元拔高卷） （时间：90分钟，满分：100分） 一、完形填空（15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 There are different lakes in the world. Here are some different ways to 1 which is the world’s largest lake. Are you interested in the largest lake or the lake with the 2 water? And, do you want to 3 saltwater lakes with others? In fact, there are lots of 4 between saltwater lakes and other lakes. Which lake is the world’s largest one? It is not a(n) 5 question. 6 , we can discuss it in different ways. Lake Baikal is the world’s largest 7 lake with the most water. 8 has about 23.6 trillion cubic meters of water, or about 20% of the earth’s freshwater. This 9 is pretty large. The salty Caspian Sea is the largest saltwater lake with a(n) 10 of 371,000 square kilometers. Lake Superior, 11 the United States and Canada, is a freshwater lake with the largest area of 82,414 square kilometers. There are also some other 12 lakes in the world. If you want to 13 them, you can visit some websites. They 14 lots of fun facts about different kinds of lakes. I 15 you’ll have a good time! 1．A．make up B．make sure C．think about D．think of 2．A．best B．least C．most D．worst 3．A．compare B．provide C．realize D．protect 4．A．importance B．differences C．problems D．messages 5．A．special B．deep C．easy D．successful 6．A．And B．Or C．So D．If 7．A．freshwater B．saltwater C．rainwater D．snow water 8．A．They B．He C．We D．It 9．A．population B．number C．condition D．sign 10．A．color B．area C．menu D．shape 11．A．on B．during C．between D．behind 12．A．interesting B．simple C．boring D．bright 13．A．put on B．take up C．put away D．know about 14．A．achieve B．include C．lead D．cause 15．A．cheat B．make C．remember D．believe 二、阅读理解（40分） A Here are four famous rivers. Let’s have a look! Length: about 6,650 km Location: Sudan, Egypt The Nile River is the longest river in the world. It’s known for being the lifeblood (命脉) of Ancient Egypt. This river is famous because it was important in Ancient Egypt. Also, the Nile River is important for farming, transportation (交通) and drinking water. Length: about 2,525 km Location: India Though it isn’t the largest river in Asia, the Ganges River is still well-known. This river provides millions of people with water for farming. There are nearly 150 species of fish living there today. Other animals also live in and around it, like snakes and various insects. Length: about 650 km Location: Australia You may not have ever heard of the Finke River. It’s not very long and it doesn’t even flow all the time. However, scientists have considered (认为) it as the oldest river in the world. That’s the reason why this river is well-known! Length: about 6,400 km Location: Peru, Colombia, Brazil The Amazon River is the second-longest river in the world. But it has the largest discharge (流量) in the world, up to 219,000 m3 per second! The Congo River, with the second largest discharge, has only 20% of its discharge! The Amazon River is also well- known for having no bridges crossing it. 16．Which river is the longest one in the world according to the passage? A．The Ganges River. B．The Nile River. C．The Amazon River. D．The Finke River. 17．What is the Ganges River famous for? A．Providing water for farming and supporting many living things B．Being the oldest river in the world C．Having the largest discharge in the world D．Being the lifeblood of Ancient India 18．Why is the Finke River well-known? A．It flows all year round in Australia. B．It is the longest river in Australia. C．It is considered the world’s oldest river. D．It has many rare fish and insects. 19．What can we know about the Amazon River? A．It is the longest river in South America. B．Its discharge is 20% of the Congo River’s. C．There are many famous bridges over it. D．It runs through Sudan and Egypt. 20．Where is the passage most probably from? A．A maths book. B．A history story. C．A travel magazine. D．An English book. B In western China, there is the Tarim Poplar Forest (塔里木胡杨林) growing by the Taklamakan Desert. The desert is dry with much sand. But these trees are strong and they survive in hard conditions. People call them “Tokhrak” in Uyghur (维吾尔语), with the meaning of “beautiful tree”. The trees are old. Their bark (树皮) is thick, like a jacket. Their leaves are hard. When it rains, their roots go deep to find water and stay alive. They make a home for animals. Every autumn, leaves turn bright yellow. The color is like sunshine. The bright yellow leaves move in the wind. The forest attracts many people. Families come to walk and take photos. Under the trees, tourists can see “tiny snow” flying. They are tree seeds. Wind carries them. New trees grow from the seeds. These trees survive in the desert strongly, so people there call them “desert’s backbone (脊梁骨)”. The Tarim Poplar trees help the desert. Their roots hold soil. Wind can’t blow it away. Their wood is hard for building. People use their sap (汁) as food and medicine. Birds build their homes here. Sheep rest under trees. Weather here is changeable— hot or windy. But trees stand tall. They are a natural wonder. Bright yellow leaves show hope. They show life can grow in unusual places. Even in the desert, they stay alive and strong. 21．Where does the Tarim Poplar Forest grow? A．In a wet rainforest. B．Nearby a nice waterfall. C．By a dry desert. D．On top of a high mountain. 22．What helps the Tarim Poplar trees survive in hard conditions? A．Their bark. B．Their sticks. C．Their roots. D．Their leaves. 23．What can we know about the tree seeds? A．They turn into “tiny snow” in winter. B．They are eaten by animals in autumn. C．They only grow near the desert’s edge. D．They are carried by wind to grow new trees. 24．Why do people call the trees “desert’s backbone”? A．Because they are strong. B．Because they are very old. C．Because they have thick bark. D．Because they attract many tourists. 25．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．Why the Tarim Poplar trees help the desert. B．How the Tarim Poplar trees help the desert. C．When the Tarim Poplar trees help the desert. D．Whether the Tarim Poplar trees help the desert. C The Hutuo River is the mother river of Shijiazhuang, the capital city of Hebei. The Hutuo River is famous for its rich history and cultural meaning. It has been important for transportation (交通) for centuries and has played an important part in the development of the area. The river has also been the subject of many poems and works of art in history. However, about 20 years ago, it was dirty and almost dried up. Thanks to the government’s work, it has become much cleaner. Wu Wenzhong, a 58-year-old villager, lives near the river. “My friends and I often played with water, swam and caught fish in it when I was a child. I liked catching fish best,” he said. He remembers that the villagers had to cross the river by boat at that time. But as time passed by, it got dirty and started to dry up. To remediate (治理) the river, the government has done a lot of things. They clean the river up and build levees (防洪堤). They plant trees, grass and flowers to green the riverside. They build up fences (防护栏) and put up “No Swimming” signs along the river to protect people. They stop factories from putting waste water into the river. They keep an eye on the river to make sure it stays clean for the fish, birds and people who live nearby. They also have a long-term plan to keep the river in good condition. Now, there are more than 20 kinds of birds living around the river. It becomes a home for birds again. People can enjoy a day outdoors with the beauty of nature along the river. Wu and other villagers are happy to see the river looking good again. The Hutuo River’s story shows that when people work together to take care of nature, good things can happen. 26．How does the writer introduce the subject in Paragraph 1? A．By giving examples. B．By giving facts. C．By asking questions. D．By quoting (引用) a famous poem. 27．What was Wu Wenzhong’s favourite activity when he was a child? A．Boating. B．Swimming. C．Planting trees. D．Catching fish. 28．What do we know about today’s Hutuo River? A．Many birds live around it. B．Factories get water from it. C．It’s still in bad condition. D．Villagers can have fun swimming in it. 29．What does “keep an eye on” mean in Paragraph 4? A．see off B．watch over C．find out D．look for 30．Which question does Paragraph 4 mainly answer? A．How does the river look now? B．When do people green the riverside? C．Why is the river important? D．What actions has the government taken? D The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world. It covers over nine million square kilometres across North Africa. 31 During the day, temperatures rise above 40℃, while nights can be very cold. It is one of the toughest environments on Earth. The Sahara is as big as Canada but has very few people. Less than two and a half million people live there, most of them nomads. Nomads are people who have no permanent (固定的) homes. 32 The nomads of the Sahara are called Bedouin, which means “desert people”. They depend on goats, sheep, and camels for food and transport. Water is the most important for them. They need water to live, so they must carry enough water or know where to find it. 33 A desert is not defined (定义) by sand but by the lack of rain. 34 Surprisingly, only 25% of the Sahara is covered in sand. The rest is rock and gravel (砂砾). 35 Later it turned into grasslands. Over time, it became the desert we see today. Truly, the Sahara is a place of history and change. 根据短文内容，将下面方框内的选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺，每个选项只能用一次，其中有一个选项是多余的。 A．Without water, life is impossible. B．Long ago, the Sahara was covered with ice. C．The Sahara is a huge desert full of sand. D．The weather there can be very different in a day’s time. E．To be a desert, a place must get less than 250 mm of rain each year. F．They move from place to place, carrying everything they need to live. 三、任务型阅读（10分） 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Located in Africa, the Sahara Desert spreads across 30 per cent of the continent. This vast desert, also known as “the great desert” in Arabic, is about 9 million square kilometres in size. It is also at least 4.6 million years old. All deserts are dry, and the Sahara is both dry and hot. It is the largest hot desert in the world. We may think that all deserts are hot, but in fact some deserts are very cold! Many scientists believe that Antarctica, for example, is a type of cold desert. Most of the Sahara is rocky ground. But there are also places with grass, lakes, mountains, and even sand seas. A sand sea is just what it sounds like—it looks like a sea of sand! When the wind blows, the sand looks like waves. Life in the Sahara is difficult. About two million people live in the Sahara. They usually move from place to place. There is water in a few parts of the Sahara, and some people live in these places all year round. Not many animals can live in a place with such a dry and hot climate. They must adapt to survive. Camels, for example, go for a long time without drinking water. When they do find water, they can drink more than 100 litres of it in 13 minutes! Today, the world’s largest hot desert is getting even bigger. Climate change brings hotter summers and less rain in Africa. If we do not take effective measures to stop climate change, the desert will keep growing! Fill in the blanks according to the passage. Location Located in 36 (仅填1词). Size About 9 million square kilometres. Age At least 4.6 million years old. Climate Feature 37 (不超过3词) Landform Mostly rocky ground; There is grass, lakes, mountains and sand sea. Life 38 (不超过5词) in the Sahara. Camels can go for a long time without drinking water. Change Getting bigger and bigger because 39 (不超过8词). What do you think will happen if the Sahara keeps getting bigger? (不超过15词) 40 四、短文填空（10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中单词的正确形式。 Nature has created many amazing wonders that surprise humans. From the vast Grand Canyon to the beautiful Great Barrier Reef, these wonders 41 (attract) people from all over the world for centuries. One of the most famous natural wonders is Mount Qomolangma. It is the highest mountain in the world, 42 (stand) between China and Nepal. Climbing Mount Qomolangma is a great challenge, but many climbers dream of 43 (reach) its peak. The journey is full of dangers, such as heavy snow and strong winds, but the 44 (beautiful) of the surrounding scenery makes it worth trying. Another amazing natural wonder is the Northern Lights. They appear in the sky at night, 45 (show) bright colors like green, purple and red. Scientists say that the Northern Lights are caused by the interaction between solar wind and the Earth’s magnetic field. Watching the Northern Lights is a magical experience that no one can forget 46 (easy). The Stone Forest in Yunnan is also a famous natural wonder. It is made up of thousands of stone pillars 47 (shape) by wind and water over millions of years. Visitors can walk through the stone pillars and feel as if they are in a fairyland. We should remember that natural wonders are precious gifts from nature. We must 48 (try) our best to protect them. By 49 (reduce) pollution and avoiding over-development, we can ensure that these wonders 50 (exist) for future generations to enjoy. 五、书面表达（25分） 中国西藏的雅鲁藏布大峡谷（Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon）不仅是世界上最长的峡谷，还是世界上最深的峡谷。请你根据下列提示内容，写一篇80-100词的英文短文，简要介绍雅鲁藏布大峡谷。 提示内容： ◆ 长度：500千米以上，比美国大峡谷长50多千米； ◆ 深度：6009米（最深处）； ◆ 美誉：“植物博物馆（the plant museum）”、“动物王国（the animal kingdom）”； ◆ 最佳旅游季节：春季和夏季。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature .（单元拔高卷） （时间：90分钟，满分：100分） 一、完形填空（15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 There are different lakes in the world. Here are some different ways to 1 which is the world’s largest lake. Are you interested in the largest lake or the lake with the 2 water? And, do you want to 3 saltwater lakes with others? In fact, there are lots of 4 between saltwater lakes and other lakes. Which lake is the world’s largest one? It is not a(n) 5 question. 6 , we can discuss it in different ways. Lake Baikal is the world’s largest 7 lake with the most water. 8 has about 23.6 trillion cubic meters of water, or about 20% of the earth’s freshwater. This 9 is pretty large. The salty Caspian Sea is the largest saltwater lake with a(n) 10 of 371,000 square kilometers. Lake Superior, 11 the United States and Canada, is a freshwater lake with the largest area of 82,414 square kilometers. There are also some other 12 lakes in the world. If you want to 13 them, you can visit some websites. They 14 lots of fun facts about different kinds of lakes. I 15 you’ll have a good time! 1．A．make up B．make sure C．think about D．think of 2．A．best B．least C．most D．worst 3．A．compare B．provide C．realize D．protect 4．A．importance B．differences C．problems D．messages 5．A．special B．deep C．easy D．successful 6．A．And B．Or C．So D．If 7．A．freshwater B．saltwater C．rainwater D．snow water 8．A．They B．He C．We D．It 9．A．population B．number C．condition D．sign 10．A．color B．area C．menu D．shape 11．A．on B．during C．between D．behind 12．A．interesting B．simple C．boring D．bright 13．A．put on B．take up C．put away D．know about 14．A．achieve B．include C．lead D．cause 15．A．cheat B．make C．remember D．believe 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．B 11．C 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．D 【解析】本文主要介绍了世界最大湖泊的“冠军”要看标准：按面积算，咸水湖‌里海‌最大；按水量算，淡水湖‌贝加尔湖‌最多；按淡水湖面积算，则是‌苏必利尔湖‌领先。 1．句意：这里有一些不同的方式来界定‌世界最大的湖泊。 make up组成；make sure确保；think about思考；  think of认为。根据“Here are some different ways to ... which is the world’s largest lake.”可知，此处指这儿有一些不同的方法去确定哪个是世界上最大的湖。故选B。 2．句意：你对最大的湖泊或者水量最多的湖泊感兴趣吗？ best最好的；least最少的；most最多的；worst最糟糕的。根据“Are you interested in the largest lake or the lake with the ... water?”可知，此处指最多的水。故选C。 3．句意：你想把咸水湖跟其他湖泊比较吗？ compare对比；provide提供；realize意识到；protect保护。根据“And, do you want to ... saltwater lakes with others?”可知，这里表示比较。故选A。 4．句意：事实上，咸水湖和其他湖泊之间有很多区别。 importance重要性；differences差异；problems问题；messages信息。根据“In fact, there are lots of ... between saltwater lakes and other lakes.”可知，此处表示的是咸水湖和其他湖之间的区别。故选B。 5．句意：这其实不是一个简单的问题。 special特别的；deep深的；easy简单的；successful成功的。根据“It is not a(n) ... question.”可知，接下来从不同的方面来讨论，这不是一个简单的问题。故选C。 6．句意：所以，我们会以不同方式讨论。 And和，而且；Or或者；So所以；If如果。根据“..., we can discuss it in different ways.”可知，前文与后文是因果关系，因此用so来连接。故选C。 7．句意：贝加尔湖是世界上水量最大的淡水湖。 freshwater淡水湖；saltwater咸水湖；rainwater雨水；snow water雪水。根据“Lake Baikal is the world’s largest ... lake with the most water.”和下文中的“freshwater”可知，贝加尔湖是淡水湖。故选A。 8．句意：它有大约23.6万亿立方米的水，约占地球淡水的20%。 They他们；He他；We我们；It它。根据“... has about 23.6 trillion cubic meters of water, or about 20% of the earth’s freshwater.”可知，这里指的是上文中提到的贝加尔湖，是单数的事物，因此用it来指代。故选D。 9．句意：这个数字非常大。 population人口数量；number数字；condition条件；sign标志。根据“This ... is pretty large.”可知，由上文提到的湖水的体积可知，此处指数字。故选B。 10．句意：咸水的里海是世界上最大的咸水湖，面积达371,000平方公里。 color颜色；area区域；menu菜单；shape形状。根据“The salty Caspian Sea is the largest saltwater lake with a(n) ... of 371,000 square kilometers.”可知，这里表示的是面积。故选B。 11．句意：苏必利尔湖位于美国和加拿大之间，是一个淡水湖，面积达82,414平方公里，是世界上面积最大的淡水湖。 on在……上；during在……期间；between在……之间；behind在……后面。根据“Lake Superior, ... the United States and Canada, is a freshwater lake with the largest area of 82,414 square kilometers.”可知，此处指苏必利尔湖在美国与加拿大之间，因此用介词between来连接。故选C。 12．句意：世界上还有一些其他有趣的湖泊。 interesting有趣的；simple简单的；boring无聊的；bright明亮的。根据“There are also some other ... lakes in the world.”可知，此处表达还有一些其他有趣的湖泊在世界上。故选A。 13．句意：想了解它们的话，你可以访问一些网站。 put on穿上；take up开始学习；put away放置好；know about了解。根据“If you want to ... them, you can visit some websites.”可知，这里表示如果你想了解这些湖。故选D。 14．句意：它们包含了许多关于不同湖泊的有趣事实。 achieve实现；include包括；lead领导；cause导致。根据“They ... lots of fun facts about different kinds of lakes.”可知，此处指网站包括许多关于不同湖的有趣的真相。故选B。 15．句意：我相信你会玩得开心的！ cheat欺骗；make制作；remember记住；believe相信。根据“I ... you’ll have a good time!”及常理推断，这里表示的是“我”相信你们（浏览网站时）会开心。故选D。 二、阅读理解（40分） A Here are four famous rivers. Let’s have a look! Length: about 6,650 km Location: Sudan, Egypt The Nile River is the longest river in the world. It’s known for being the lifeblood (命脉) of Ancient Egypt. This river is famous because it was important in Ancient Egypt. Also, the Nile River is important for farming, transportation (交通) and drinking water. Length: about 2,525 km Location: India Though it isn’t the largest river in Asia, the Ganges River is still well-known. This river provides millions of people with water for farming. There are nearly 150 species of fish living there today. Other animals also live in and around it, like snakes and various insects. Length: about 650 km Location: Australia You may not have ever heard of the Finke River. It’s not very long and it doesn’t even flow all the time. However, scientists have considered (认为) it as the oldest river in the world. That’s the reason why this river is well-known! Length: about 6,400 km Location: Peru, Colombia, Brazil The Amazon River is the second-longest river in the world. But it has the largest discharge (流量) in the world, up to 219,000 m3 per second! The Congo River, with the second largest discharge, has only 20% of its discharge! The Amazon River is also well- known for having no bridges crossing it. 16．Which river is the longest one in the world according to the passage? A．The Ganges River. B．The Nile River. C．The Amazon River. D．The Finke River. 17．What is the Ganges River famous for? A．Providing water for farming and supporting many living things B．Being the oldest river in the world C．Having the largest discharge in the world D．Being the lifeblood of Ancient India 18．Why is the Finke River well-known? A．It flows all year round in Australia. B．It is the longest river in Australia. C．It is considered the world’s oldest river. D．It has many rare fish and insects. 19．What can we know about the Amazon River? A．It is the longest river in South America. B．Its discharge is 20% of the Congo River’s. C．There are many famous bridges over it. D．It runs through Sudan and Egypt. 20．Where is the passage most probably from? A．A maths book. B．A history story. C．A travel magazine. D．An English book. 【答案】16．B 17．A 18．C 19．A 20．C 【解析】本文介绍了世界上四条著名河流的长度、位置及特点。 16．细节理解题。根据“The Nile River is the longest river in the world”可知，尼罗河是世界最长河流。故选B。 17．细节理解题。根据“Though it isn’t the largest river in Asia, the Ganges River is still well-known. This river provides millions of people with water for farming. There are nearly 150 species of fish living there today. Other animals also live in and around it, like snakes and various insects.”可知，恒河为农业提供水源，且拥有丰富的生物多样性。故选A。 18．细节理解题。根据“However, scientists have considered (认为) it as the oldest river in the world. That’s the reason why this river is well-known!”可知，芬克河被认为是世界上最古老的河流，这是它出名的原因。故选C。 19．推理判断题。根据“Length: about 6,400 km Location: Peru, Colombia, Brazil The Amazon River is the second-longest river in the world. But it has the largest discharge (流量) in the world, up to 219,000 m3 per second!”可知，亚马逊河位于南美洲，是世界上第二长河，且流量世界第一，刚果河流量仅为它的20%，由此可推测，亚马逊河应是南美洲里最长的河流。故选A。 20．推理判断题。文章介绍了不同河流的位置、特点，这类内容最可能出现在旅行杂志中。故选C。 B In western China, there is the Tarim Poplar Forest (塔里木胡杨林) growing by the Taklamakan Desert. The desert is dry with much sand. But these trees are strong and they survive in hard conditions. People call them “Tokhrak” in Uyghur (维吾尔语), with the meaning of “beautiful tree”. The trees are old. Their bark (树皮) is thick, like a jacket. Their leaves are hard. When it rains, their roots go deep to find water and stay alive. They make a home for animals. Every autumn, leaves turn bright yellow. The color is like sunshine. The bright yellow leaves move in the wind. The forest attracts many people. Families come to walk and take photos. Under the trees, tourists can see “tiny snow” flying. They are tree seeds. Wind carries them. New trees grow from the seeds. These trees survive in the desert strongly, so people there call them “desert’s backbone (脊梁骨)”. The Tarim Poplar trees help the desert. Their roots hold soil. Wind can’t blow it away. Their wood is hard for building. People use their sap (汁) as food and medicine. Birds build their homes here. Sheep rest under trees. Weather here is changeable— hot or windy. But trees stand tall. They are a natural wonder. Bright yellow leaves show hope. They show life can grow in unusual places. Even in the desert, they stay alive and strong. 21．Where does the Tarim Poplar Forest grow? A．In a wet rainforest. B．Nearby a nice waterfall. C．By a dry desert. D．On top of a high mountain. 22．What helps the Tarim Poplar trees survive in hard conditions? A．Their bark. B．Their sticks. C．Their roots. D．Their leaves. 23．What can we know about the tree seeds? A．They turn into “tiny snow” in winter. B．They are eaten by animals in autumn. C．They only grow near the desert’s edge. D．They are carried by wind to grow new trees. 24．Why do people call the trees “desert’s backbone”? A．Because they are strong. B．Because they are very old. C．Because they have thick bark. D．Because they attract many tourists. 25．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．Why the Tarim Poplar trees help the desert. B．How the Tarim Poplar trees help the desert. C．When the Tarim Poplar trees help the desert. D．Whether the Tarim Poplar trees help the desert. 【答案】21．C 22．C 23．D 24．A 25．B 【解析】本文是说明文，主要介绍了中国西部塔里木胡杨林的生长环境、生存方式、生态作用以及它被称为“沙漠脊梁”的原因。 21．细节理解题。根据第一段“In western China, there is the Tarim Poplar Forest growing by the Taklimakan Desert. The desert is dry with much sand.”可知，塔里木胡杨林生长在干旱的沙漠旁。故选C。 22．细节理解题。根据第二段“When it rains, their roots go deep to find water and stay alive.”可知，是它们的根帮助塔里木胡杨在艰苦条件下生存。故选C。 23．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Wind carries them. New trees grow from the seeds”可知，胡杨树的种子被风吹走，然后长成新的树。故选D。 24．细节理解题。根据第三段“These trees survive in the desert strongly, so people there call them ‘desert’s backbone’”可知，人们称这些树为“沙漠脊梁”是因为它们生命力顽强。故选A。 25．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The Tarim Poplar trees help the desert. Their roots hold soil ... People use their sap as food and medicine ...”可知，该段主要介绍塔里木胡杨是如何帮助沙漠的。故选B。 C The Hutuo River is the mother river of Shijiazhuang, the capital city of Hebei. The Hutuo River is famous for its rich history and cultural meaning. It has been important for transportation (交通) for centuries and has played an important part in the development of the area. The river has also been the subject of many poems and works of art in history. However, about 20 years ago, it was dirty and almost dried up. Thanks to the government’s work, it has become much cleaner. Wu Wenzhong, a 58-year-old villager, lives near the river. “My friends and I often played with water, swam and caught fish in it when I was a child. I liked catching fish best,” he said. He remembers that the villagers had to cross the river by boat at that time. But as time passed by, it got dirty and started to dry up. To remediate (治理) the river, the government has done a lot of things. They clean the river up and build levees (防洪堤). They plant trees, grass and flowers to green the riverside. They build up fences (防护栏) and put up “No Swimming” signs along the river to protect people. They stop factories from putting waste water into the river. They keep an eye on the river to make sure it stays clean for the fish, birds and people who live nearby. They also have a long-term plan to keep the river in good condition. Now, there are more than 20 kinds of birds living around the river. It becomes a home for birds again. People can enjoy a day outdoors with the beauty of nature along the river. Wu and other villagers are happy to see the river looking good again. The Hutuo River’s story shows that when people work together to take care of nature, good things can happen. 26．How does the writer introduce the subject in Paragraph 1? A．By giving examples. B．By giving facts. C．By asking questions. D．By quoting (引用) a famous poem. 27．What was Wu Wenzhong’s favourite activity when he was a child? A．Boating. B．Swimming. C．Planting trees. D．Catching fish. 28．What do we know about today’s Hutuo River? A．Many birds live around it. B．Factories get water from it. C．It’s still in bad condition. D．Villagers can have fun swimming in it. 29．What does “keep an eye on” mean in Paragraph 4? A．see off B．watch over C．find out D．look for 30．Which question does Paragraph 4 mainly answer? A．How does the river look now? B．When do people green the riverside? C．Why is the river important? D．What actions has the government taken? 【答案】26．B 27．D 28．A 29．B 30．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了滹沱河的历史、文化意义以及政府对其治理的成效。 26．推理判断题。通读第一段可知，此段介绍了滹沱河的历史、文化意义、交通作用等，由此可知作者通过列举事实引入主题。故选B。 27．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“I liked catching fish best”可知，Wu Wenzhong小时候最喜欢的活动是抓鱼。故选D。 28．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Now, there are more than 20 kinds of birds living around the river.”可知，如今的滹沱河周围有许多鸟类栖息。故选A。 29．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“They keep an eye on the river to make sure it stays clean for the fish, birds and people who live nearby.”可知，他们监视着这条河流，以确保它能保持清澈，从而为鱼儿、鸟类以及附近居民提供良好的生存环境，“keep an eye on”意为“监视、照看”，与“watch over”同义。故选B。 30．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“To remediate the river, the government has done a lot of things...”可知，本段主要回答“政府采取了哪些行动治理河流”。故选D。 D The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world. It covers over nine million square kilometres across North Africa. 31 During the day, temperatures rise above 40℃, while nights can be very cold. It is one of the toughest environments on Earth. The Sahara is as big as Canada but has very few people. Less than two and a half million people live there, most of them nomads. Nomads are people who have no permanent (固定的) homes. 32 The nomads of the Sahara are called Bedouin, which means “desert people”. They depend on goats, sheep, and camels for food and transport. Water is the most important for them. They need water to live, so they must carry enough water or know where to find it. 33 A desert is not defined (定义) by sand but by the lack of rain. 34 Surprisingly, only 25% of the Sahara is covered in sand. The rest is rock and gravel (砂砾). 35 Later it turned into grasslands. Over time, it became the desert we see today. Truly, the Sahara is a place of history and change. 根据短文内容，将下面方框内的选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺，每个选项只能用一次，其中有一个选项是多余的。 A．Without water, life is impossible. B．Long ago, the Sahara was covered with ice. C．The Sahara is a huge desert full of sand. D．The weather there can be very different in a day’s time. E．To be a desert, a place must get less than 250 mm of rain each year. F．They move from place to place, carrying everything they need to live. 【答案】31．D 32．F 33．A 34．E 35．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的地理特征、气候特点、居民生活方式、沙漠的定义标准以及其历史变迁过程。 31．根据下文“During the day, temperatures rise above 40℃, while nights can be very cold.”可知，此处描述了撒哈拉沙漠一天之内天气变化很大，白天很热，晚上很冷。D选项“那里的天气在一天之内可能会非常不同。”与该内容直接对应，符合语境。故选D。 32．根据上文“Nomads are people who have no permanent (固定的) homes.”以及下文“The nomads of the Sahara are called Bedouin, which means ‘desert people’. They depend on goats, sheep, and camels for food and transport.”可知，此处描述了游牧民族没有固定住所，他们四处迁徙，带着生活所需的一切。F选项“他们从一个地方搬到另一个地方，带着所有生活所需物品。”是对游牧民生活方式的进一步说明，与上一句逻辑连贯，符合语境。故选F。 33．根据上文“Water is the most important for them, they need water to live, so they must carry enough water or know where to find it.”可知，此处强调了水对撒哈拉沙漠中的人们的重要性，没有水，生命就无法存在。结合选项，选项A“没有水，生命是不可能的。”是对水的重要性的进一步强调和总结，与该部分主题吻合，符合语境。故选A。 34．根据上文“A desert is not defined (定义) by sand but by the lack of rain”以及下文“Surprisingly, only 25%, of the Sahara is covered in sand. The rest is rock and gravel(砂砾).”可知，此处描述了沙漠的定义与降雨量有关，而不是沙子。选项E“要成为沙漠，一个地方每年降水量必须少于250毫米。”具体说明了沙漠的降水量标准，是对前一句定义的具体解释，符合语境。故选E。 35．根据下文“Later it turned into grasslands. Over time, it became the desert we see today.”可知，此处描述了撒哈拉沙漠过去的历史，它曾经被冰覆盖，后来变成了草原，最终变成了沙漠。B选项“很久以前，撒哈拉被冰覆盖。”能与此构成时间顺序上的衔接，且符合全文关于撒哈拉历史变化的语境。故选B。 三、任务型阅读（10分） 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Located in Africa, the Sahara Desert spreads across 30 per cent of the continent. This vast desert, also known as “the great desert” in Arabic, is about 9 million square kilometres in size. It is also at least 4.6 million years old. All deserts are dry, and the Sahara is both dry and hot. It is the largest hot desert in the world. We may think that all deserts are hot, but in fact some deserts are very cold! Many scientists believe that Antarctica, for example, is a type of cold desert. Most of the Sahara is rocky ground. But there are also places with grass, lakes, mountains, and even sand seas. A sand sea is just what it sounds like—it looks like a sea of sand! When the wind blows, the sand looks like waves. Life in the Sahara is difficult. About two million people live in the Sahara. They usually move from place to place. There is water in a few parts of the Sahara, and some people live in these places all year round. Not many animals can live in a place with such a dry and hot climate. They must adapt to survive. Camels, for example, go for a long time without drinking water. When they do find water, they can drink more than 100 litres of it in 13 minutes! Today, the world’s largest hot desert is getting even bigger. Climate change brings hotter summers and less rain in Africa. If we do not take effective measures to stop climate change, the desert will keep growing! Fill in the blanks according to the passage. Location Located in 36 (仅填1词). Size About 9 million square kilometres. Age At least 4.6 million years old. Climate Feature 37 (不超过3词) Landform Mostly rocky ground; There is grass, lakes, mountains and sand sea. Life 38 (不超过5词) in the Sahara. Camels can go for a long time without drinking water. Change Getting bigger and bigger because 39 (不超过8词). What do you think will happen if the Sahara keeps getting bigger? (不超过15词) 40 【答案】36．Africa 37．Dry and hot 38．It is difficult 39．of climate change 40．More land will become desert and people will lose homes. 【解析】本文介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的基本信息（位置、面积、年龄、气候、地貌），描述了沙漠中人类与动物的艰难生存状态，并指出受气候变化影响，这片世界最大的热沙漠正持续扩张，呼吁人们采取措施应对这一问题。 36．根据“Located in Africa, the Sahara Desert spreads across 30 per cent of the continent.”可知，撒哈拉沙漠位于非洲境内。故填Africa。 37．根据“and the Sahara is both dry and hot”可知，撒哈拉沙漠既干燥又炎热。故填Dry and hot。 38．根据“Life in the Sahara is difficult.”可知，撒哈拉地区的生活十分艰苦。故填It is difficult。 39．根据“Today, the world’s largest hot desert is getting even bigger. Climate change brings hotter summers and less rain in Africa.”可知，沙漠扩大的原因是气候变化。故填of climate change。 40．此题为开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案为More land will become desert and people will lose homes. 四、短文填空（10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中单词的正确形式。 Nature has created many amazing wonders that surprise humans. From the vast Grand Canyon to the beautiful Great Barrier Reef, these wonders 41 (attract) people from all over the world for centuries. One of the most famous natural wonders is Mount Qomolangma. It is the highest mountain in the world, 42 (stand) between China and Nepal. Climbing Mount Qomolangma is a great challenge, but many climbers dream of 43 (reach) its peak. The journey is full of dangers, such as heavy snow and strong winds, but the 44 (beautiful) of the surrounding scenery makes it worth trying. Another amazing natural wonder is the Northern Lights. They appear in the sky at night, 45 (show) bright colors like green, purple and red. Scientists say that the Northern Lights are caused by the interaction between solar wind and the Earth’s magnetic field. Watching the Northern Lights is a magical experience that no one can forget 46 (easy). The Stone Forest in Yunnan is also a famous natural wonder. It is made up of thousands of stone pillars 47 (shape) by wind and water over millions of years. Visitors can walk through the stone pillars and feel as if they are in a fairyland. We should remember that natural wonders are precious gifts from nature. We must 48 (try) our best to protect them. By 49 (reduce) pollution and avoiding over-development, we can ensure that these wonders 50 (exist) for future generations to enjoy. 【答案】 41．have attracted 42．standing 43．reaching 44．beauty 45．showing 46．easily 47．shaped 48．try 49．reducing 50．will exist 【解析】本文介绍了科罗拉多大峡谷、珠穆朗玛峰、极光和云南石林等自然奇观，并呼吁人们保护这些珍贵的自然馈赠。 41．句意：从广阔的科罗拉多大峡谷到美丽的大堡礁，这些奇观几个世纪以来一直吸引着来自世界各地的人们。根据时间状语for centuries可知，本句时态为现在完成时，结构为have/has+动词过去分词，主语these wonders是复数，attract的过去分词为attracted。故填have attracted。 42．句意：它是世界最高峰，矗立在中国和尼泊尔之间。此处用现在分词短语作伴随状语，stand的现在分词为standing，表示“矗立”的状态。故填standing。 43．句意：攀登珠穆朗玛峰是一项巨大的挑战，但许多登山者梦想着到达它的顶峰。dream of后接动名词，reach的动名词形式为reaching，表示“到达”。故填reaching。 44．句意：这段旅程充满了危险，比如大雪和强风，但周围风景的美丽让它值得一试。the后接名词，beautiful的名词形式为beauty，表示“美丽”。故填beauty。 45．句意：它们在夜晚的天空中出现，呈现出绿色、紫色和红色等明亮的颜色。此处用现在分词短语作伴随状语，show的现在分词为showing，表示“呈现”。故填showing。 46．句意：观看极光是一种神奇的体验，没有人能轻易忘记。此处用副词修饰动词forget，easy的副词形式为easily，表示“轻易地”。故填easily。 47．句意：它由数百万年来被风和水塑造的数千根石柱组成。此处用过去分词作后置定语，shape的过去分词为shaped，表示“被塑造”的状态。故填shaped。 48．句意：我们必须尽最大努力保护它们。情态动词must后接动词原形，try表示“努力”。故填try。 49．句意：通过减少污染和避免过度开发，我们可以确保这些奇观为子孙后代所存在。by后接动名词，reduce的动名词形式为reducing，表示“减少”的动作。故填reducing。 50．句意：通过减少污染和避免过度开发，我们可以确保这些奇观为子孙后代所存在。根据“we can ensure that these wonders...for future generations to enjoy”可知，此处用一般将来时，表示对未来的保证。故填will exist。 五、书面表达（25分） 中国西藏的雅鲁藏布大峡谷（Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon）不仅是世界上最长的峡谷，还是世界上最深的峡谷。请你根据下列提示内容，写一篇80-100词的英文短文，简要介绍雅鲁藏布大峡谷。 提示内容： ◆ 长度：500千米以上，比美国大峡谷长50多千米； ◆ 深度：6009米（最深处）； ◆ 美誉：“植物博物馆（the plant museum）”、“动物王国（the animal kingdom）”； ◆ 最佳旅游季节：春季和夏季。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon is in Xizang, China. The best time to visit it is spring and summer. The Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon is not only the world’s longest canyon, but also the world’s deepest canyon. It is more than five hundred kilometres long, over fifty kilometres longer than the Grand Canyon in the United States. The deepest part of it reaches 6,009 metres. The Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon is home to thousands of plants and animals. Some people call it “the plant museum” and “the animal kingdom”. It’s a wonderful place for nature lovers. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是材料作文； ②时态：一般现在时（描述客观事实）； ③提示：根据题干和范文内容，介绍雅鲁藏布大峡谷的世界之最、具体数据、生态美誉及最佳旅游季节。 [写作步骤] 第一步，介绍其地理位置与最佳游览时间。 第二步，描述其作为世界最长和最深峡谷的具体数据，并运用对比突出其规模。 第三步，介绍其丰富的动植物资源及获得的荣誉称号。 第四步，总结并评价其对自然爱好者的价值。 [亮点词汇] ①longest最长的 ②deepest最深的 ③home to……的家园 [高分句型] ①The Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon is not only the world’s longest canyon, but also the world’s deepest canyon.（运用了“not only…but also…”的并列结构） ②It is more than five hundred kilometres long, over fifty kilometres longer than the Grand Canyon in the United States.（运用了具体数字和“longer than”比较级结构） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $