Unit 1单元单词表教师词汇备课2025-2026学年沪教版(五四学制）英语八年级下册

该沪教五四制八年级下册Unit 1词汇清单系统梳理了28个核心词汇，涵盖名词、动词、形容词及短语动词。从基础词义出发，延伸至词性转换、近反义词关联，搭建“词义理解-词性变化-搭配应用”的学习支架，帮助学生构建完整的词汇知识网络。 知识链路按“核心词义-词性拓展-语境应用”逻辑清晰呈现，每个词汇配有音标、近反义词及典型例句。通过搭配训练提升语言运用能力，近反义词对比培养思维品质，词性转换练习强化学习策略，助力学生高效掌握词汇并实现迁移应用。

沪教五四制八年级下册 Unit 1 单词表 教师备课材料 1. self-expression 词性: n. (名词) 音标: /ˌselfɪkˈspreʃn/ 词义: 自我表达 近义词: personal expression 反义词: conformity (顺从) 词性转换: express (v. 表达), expressive (adj. 富有表现力的) 常见搭配: a form of self-expression, need for self-expression 例句: Art is an important way for self-expression. (艺术是自我表达的重要方式。) 2. creativity 词性: n. (名词) 音标: /ˌkriːiˈtɪvəti/ 词义: 创造力 近义词: imagination, inventiveness 反义词: dullness, uncreativeness 词性转换: create (v. 创造), creative (adj. 有创造力的) 常见搭配: use one‘s creativity, full of creativity 例句: Children’s creativity should be encouraged. (应该鼓励孩子们的创造力。) 3. scissors 词性: n. (名词) (常用复数) 音标: /ˈsɪzə(r)z/ 词义: 剪刀 近义词: shears 常见搭配: a pair of scissors, cut with scissors 例句: May I borrow your scissors to cut this paper? (我可以借你的剪刀剪这张纸吗？) 4. drama 词性: n. (名词) 音标: /ˈdrɑːmə/ 词义: 戏剧 近义词: play, theater 反义词: documentary (纪录片) 词性转换: dramatic (adj. 戏剧性的) 常见搭配: school drama, study drama 例句: Our school will put on a drama next month. (我们学校下个月将上演一部戏剧。) 5. acting 词性: n. (名词) 音标: /ˈæktɪŋ/ 词义: 表演 近义词: performance 词性转换: act (v. 表演), actor/actress (n. 演员) 常见搭配: acting skills, love of acting 例句: Her acting in the movie was amazing. (她在电影中的表演非常出色。) 6. normal 词性: adj. (形容词) 音标: /ˈnɔːml/ 词义: 典型的；正常的 近义词: usual, typical, regular 反义词: abnormal, unusual 词性转换: normally (adv. 通常地) 常见搭配: normal temperature, under normal circumstances 例句: It‘s normal to feel a little nervous before a test. (考试前感到有点紧张是正常的。) 7. prefer ... to 词性: 短语动词 词义: 更喜欢……，宁愿……而不愿…… 近义词: like better than, would rather...than 反义词: dislike...more than 词性转换: preference (n. 偏爱) 常见搭配: prefer A to B, prefer doing A to doing B 例句: I prefer tea to coffee. (和咖啡相比，我更喜欢茶。) 8. pottery 词性: n. (名词) 音标: /ˈpɒtəri/ 词义: 陶器；制陶技艺 近义词: ceramics 词性转换: potter (n. 陶工) 常见搭配: make pottery, ancient pottery 例句: We learned how to make pottery in art class. (我们在美术课上学习了如何制作陶器。) 9. rather than 词性: 连词短语 词义: 而不是；与其……不如…… 近义词: instead of 反义词: as well as (以及) 常见搭配: would do A rather than do B 例句: I decided to walk rather than take a bus. (我决定走路而不是坐公交车。) 10. position 词性: n. (名词) 音标: /pəˈzɪʃn/ 词义: 位置；地方；职位 近义词: location, place, job 词性转换: position (v. 安置) 常见搭配: in a good position, apply for a position 例句: Can you tell me the position of the library on the map? (你能告诉我图书馆在地图上的位置吗？) 11. instrument 词性: n. (名词) 音标: /ˈɪnstrəmənt/ 词义: 器具；仪器；乐器 近义词: tool, device 词性转换: instrumental (adj. 有帮助的；乐器的) 常见搭配: musical instrument, scientific instrument 例句: The piano is a difficult instrument to learn. (钢琴是一种很难学的乐器。) 12. sculpture 词性: n. (名词) 音标: /ˈskʌlptʃə(r)/ 词义: 雕塑；雕塑作品 近义词: statue, carving 词性转换: sculpt (v. 雕刻), sculptural (adj. 雕塑的) 常见搭配: a bronze sculpture, modern sculpture 例句: The museum has a beautiful sculpture of a horse. (博物馆有一尊漂亮的马雕塑。) 13. sculptor 词性: n. (名词) 音标: /ˈskʌlptə(r)/ 词义: 雕塑家；雕刻家 近义词: artist, carver 词性转换: sculpt (v. 雕刻) 常见搭配: a famous sculptor 例句: The sculptor spent two years working on this piece. (这位雕塑家花了两年时间创作这件作品。) 14. landscape 词性: n. (名词) 音标: /ˈlændskeɪp/ 词义: 风景；景色 近义词: scenery, view 反义词: portrait (肖像) 常见搭配: mountain landscape, landscape painting 例句: The landscape of Guilin is famous all over the world. (桂林的风景世界闻名。) 15. master 词性: n. (名词) 音标: /ˈmɑːstə(r)/ 词义: 能手；大师；擅长……的人 近义词: expert, genius 反义词: amateur, beginner 词性转换: masterpiece (n. 杰作) 常见搭配: a master of painting, chess master 例句: He is a master at telling funny stories. (他是个讲搞笑故事的高手。) 16. dynasty 词性: n. (名词) 音标: /ˈdɪnəsti/ 词义: 王朝；朝代 近义词: period, era 词性转换: dynastic (adj. 朝代的) 常见搭配: the Tang Dynasty, during the dynasty 例句: The porcelain was made in the Ming Dynasty. (这个瓷器制作于明代。) 17. paint 词性: v. (动词) 音标: /peɪnt/ 词义: 绘画；刷油漆 近义词: draw, color 反义词: erase 词性转换: painting (n. 绘画；油画), painter (n. 画家) 常见搭配: paint a picture, paint the wall 例句: She loves to paint flowers in her garden. (她喜欢画她花园里的花。) 18. harmony 词性: n. (名词) 音标: /ˈhɑːməni/ 词义: 融洽；和谐 近义词: agreement, peace 反义词: conflict, discord 词性转换: harmonious (adj. 和谐的) 常见搭配: live in harmony, sense of harmony 例句: The colors in the room are in perfect harmony. (房间里的颜色非常和谐。) 19. path 词性: n. (名词) 音标: /pɑːθ/ 词义: 小道；小径 近义词: trail, track 反义词: highway, road 词性转换: pathway (n. 小路) 常见搭配: a garden path, follow the path 例句: We walked along a narrow path through the forest. (我们沿着一条穿过森林的狭窄小路行走。) 20. ahead 词性: adv. (副词) 音标: /əˈhed/ 词义: 在前方；提前 近义词: in front, forward 反义词: behind, backward 常见搭配: go ahead, ahead of time 例句: Look ahead and you will see the tower. (向前看，你就会看到那座塔。) 21. whoever 词性: pron. (代词) 音标: /huːˈevə(r)/ 词义: 无论谁；不管什么人 近义词: anyone who, no matter who 常见搭配: whoever wins, whoever you are 例句: Whoever finds my lost keys will get a reward. (无论谁找到我丢失的钥匙都会得到报酬。) 22. come across 词性: 短语动词 音标: /kʌm əˈkrɒs/ 词义: (偶然)遇见，碰见，发现 近义词: run into, find by chance 反义词: look for, search for 常见搭配: come across an old friend, come across a good book 例句: I came across this photo while cleaning my room. (我在打扫房间时偶然发现了这张照片。) 23. scare 词性: v. (动词) 音标: /skeə(r)/ 词义: 惊吓；使害怕；使恐惧 近义词: frighten, terrify 反义词: calm, comfort 词性转换: scared (adj. 害怕的), scary (adj. 可怕的) 常见搭配: scare away, scare someone to death 例句: The loud noise scared the little girl. (巨大的响声吓到了那个小女孩。) 24. scared 词性: adj. (形容词) 音标: /skeəd/ 词义: 害怕的；恐惧的；担心的 近义词: afraid, frightened 反义词: brave, fearless 词性转换: scare (v. 惊吓) 常见搭配: be scared of, feel scared 例句: I‘m scared of speaking in front of many people. (我害怕在很多人面前讲话。) 25. vivid 词性: adj. (形容词) 音标: /ˈvɪvɪd/ 词义: 生动的；逼真的 近义词: lively, clear, realistic 反义词: dull, vague 词性转换: vividly (adv. 生动地) 常见搭配: a vivid memory, vivid colors 例句: She gave a vivid description of her trip. (她对她的旅行做了生动的描述。) 26. east 词性: n. (名词) 音标: /iːst/ 词义: 东；东方；东部 近义词: orient 反义词: west (西) 词性转换: eastern (adj. 东方的) 常见搭配: in the east, east of 例句: The sun rises in the east. (太阳从东方升起。) 27. west 词性: n. (名词) 音标: /west/ 词义: 西；西方；西部 近义词: occident 反义词: east (东) 词性转换: western (adj. 西方的) 常见搭配: in the west, west of 例句: They traveled to the west of the country. (他们旅行到了该国的西部。) 28. peaceful 词性: adj. (形容词) 音标: /ˈpiːsf(ə)l/ 词义: 安静的；宁静的；和平的 近义词: calm, quiet, tranquil 反义词: noisy, violent 词性转换: peace (n. 和平) 常见搭配: a peaceful place, peaceful time 例句: It‘s so peaceful in the countryside at night. (乡村的夜晚是如此宁静。) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $