Unit 12 单词表教师备课材料 2025-2026学年仁爱科普版英语八年级下册

仁爱版八年级下册 Unit 12单词表 教师备课材料 1. fairy 词性: n. (名词) 词义: 仙女；小精灵 近义词: sprite, elf 反义词: giant, ogre 词性转换: fairyland (n. 仙境) 常见搭配: fairy tale, tooth fairy 例句: The fairy in the story had a magic wand. (故事里的仙女有一根魔法棒。) 2. tale 词性: n. (名词) 词义: 故事；传言 近义词: story, narrative 反义词: fact, truth 词性转换: storyteller (n. 讲故事的人) 常见搭配: fairy tale, tell a tale 例句: My grandfather told us an interesting tale about his childhood. (我的爷爷给我们讲了一个关于他童年的有趣故事。) 3. fable 词性: n. (名词) 词义: 寓言 近义词: parable, allegory 常见搭配: Aesop’s Fables (《伊索寓言》) 例句: “The Tortoise and the Hare” is a famous fable about patience. (《龟兔赛跑》是一个关于耐心的著名寓言。) 4. biography 词性: n. (名词) 词义: 传记 近义词: life story 反义词: autobiography (自传) 词性转换: biographer (n. 传记作者), biographical (adj. 传记的) 常见搭配: read a biography, official biography 例句: We are reading a biography of Marie Curie in class. (我们正在课堂上读一本居里夫人的传记。) 5. topic 词性: n. (名词) 词义: 话题；主题 近义词: subject, theme 词性转换: topical (adj. 热门的) 常见搭配: main topic, change the topic 例句: The main topic of our discussion today is environmental protection. (我们今天讨论的主要话题是环境保护。) 6. rather 词性: adv. (副词) 词义: 相当；宁愿 近义词: quite, fairly; preferably 反义词: slightly 常见搭配: rather than, would rather 例句: It’s rather cold today, so remember to wear a coat. (今天相当冷，所以记得穿件外套。) 例句 (宁愿): I would rather stay at home than go out in the rain. (我宁愿待在家里也不愿冒雨出门。) 7. consider 词性: v. (动词) 词义: 考虑；认为 近义词: think about, regard 反义词: ignore, disregard 词性转换: consideration (n. 考虑), considerable (adj. 相当多的) 常见搭配: consider doing sth., consider sth. as 例句: Please consider my suggestion carefully. (请仔细考虑我的建议。) 8. comedy 词性: n. (名词) 词义: 喜剧 近义词: humor, sitcom 反义词: tragedy (悲剧) 词性转换: comedian (n. 喜剧演员), comedic (adj. 喜剧的) 常见搭配: romantic comedy, comedy show 例句: We watched a comedy movie and laughed a lot. (我们看了一部喜剧电影，笑了很久。) 9. mouse 词性: n. (名词) (复数：mice) 词义: 老鼠；鼠标 近义词: rodent 词性转换: mouse pad (n. 鼠标垫) 常见搭配: computer mouse, as quiet as a mouse 例句: The cat is chasing a mouse. (猫正在追一只老鼠。) 10. kindness 词性: n. (名词) 词义: 仁慈；好意 近义词: goodness, generosity 反义词: unkindness, cruelty 词性转换: kind (adj. 善良的) 常见搭配: show kindness, out of kindness 例句: Thank you for your kindness in helping me. (谢谢你好心帮助我。) 11. ugly 词性: adj. (形容词) 词义: 丑陋的；难看的 近义词: unattractive, hideous 反义词: beautiful, attractive 词性转换: ugliness (n. 丑陋) 常见搭配: ugly duckling (丑小鸭) 例句: The monster in the story was described as very ugly. (故事里的怪物被描述得非常丑陋。) 12. translate 词性: v. (动词) 词义: 翻译 近义词: interpret, convert 词性转换: translation (n. 翻译), translator (n. 译者) 常见搭配: translate into, translate from…to… 例句: Can you translate this sentence from English to Chinese? (你能把这句话从英语翻译成中文吗？) 13. select 词性: v. (动词) / adj. (形容词) 词义: 选择；精选的 近义词: v. choose, pick; adj. chosen 反义词: v. reject 词性转换: selection (n. 选择) 常见搭配: select a book, select group 例句: Please select one answer from the four choices. (请从四个选项中选择一个答案。) 14. translation 词性: n. (名词) 词义: 翻译；译文 近义词: interpretation, version 反义词: original (原文) 词性转换: translate (v. 翻译) 常见搭配: do a translation, word-for-word translation 例句: This is a good translation of the French novel. (这是那本法语小说很好的译本。) 15. translator 词性: n. (名词) 词义: 译者，翻译家 近义词: interpreter 反义词: author (作者) 词性转换: translate (v. 翻译) 常见搭配: work as a translator 例句: She works as a professional translator for a publishing company. (她在一家出版社做专业翻译。) 16. mansion 词性: n. (名词) 词义: 宅邸，公馆 近义词: villa, palace 反义词: hut, shack 常见搭配: live in a mansion 例句: The rich businessman owned a huge mansion by the lake. (那个富商在湖边拥有一座巨大的宅邸。) 17. wealth 词性: n. (名词) 词义: 财富；大量 近义词: riches, fortune 反义词: poverty, scarcity 词性转换: wealthy (adj. 富有的) 常见搭配: a man of wealth, a wealth of information 例句: He used his wealth to help poor people. (他用自己的财富帮助穷人。) 18. attractive 词性: adj. (形容词) 词义: 有吸引力的；迷人的 近义词: good-looking, appealing 反义词: unattractive, repulsive 词性转换: attract (v. 吸引), attraction (n. 吸引力) 常见搭配: attractive offer, physically attractive 例句: The city is attractive to tourists because of its history. (这座城市因其历史而吸引游客。) 19. handsome 词性: adj. (形容词) 词义: (男子) 英俊的；可观的 近义词: good-looking, attractive 反义词: ugly 常见搭配: handsome man, handsome profit 例句: The prince in the fairy tale was described as tall and handsome. (童话里的王子被描述得高大英俊。) 20. bully 词性: v. (动词) / n. (名词) 词义: 欺负；恃强凌弱者 近义词: v. pick on; n. tormentor 反义词: v. defend, protect 词性转换: bullying (n. 欺凌行为) 常见搭配: bully sb. into doing sth., school bully 例句: It’s wrong to bully other students at school. (在学校欺负其他同学是不对的。) 21. energetic 词性: adj. (形容词) 词义: 精力充沛的 近义词: active, lively 反义词: lazy, sluggish 词性转换: energy (n. 能量) 常见搭配: energetic child, feel energetic 例句: My little brother is very energetic and never seems to get tired. (我弟弟精力非常充沛，似乎从不疲倦。) 22. friendship 词性: n. (名词) 词义: 友谊 近义词: companionship, bond 反义词: enmity, hostility 词性转换: friend (n. 朋友), friendly (adj. 友好的) 常见搭配: true friendship, develop a friendship 例句: Their friendship has lasted for over twenty years. (他们的友谊已经持续了二十多年。) 23. snowy 词性: adj. (形容词) 词义: 下雪的；被雪覆盖的 近义词: snow-covered, white 反义词: snow-less 词性转换: snow (n./v. 雪/下雪) 常见搭配: snowy day, snowy mountain 例句: We had a white Christmas with snowy weather. (我们在下雪的天气里度过了一个白色圣诞节。) 24. hungry 词性: adj. (形容词) 词义: 饥饿的 近义词: starving, famished 反义词: full, satisfied 词性转换: hunger (n. 饥饿) 常见搭配: feel hungry, go hungry 例句: After the long hike, we were all very hungry. (长途徒步后，我们都饿极了。) 25. dead 词性: adj. (形容词) 词义: 死的；无生命的 近义词: lifeless, deceased 反义词: alive, living 词性转换: die (v. 死亡), death (n. 死亡) 常见搭配: dead leaves, dead battery 例句: The flowers in the vase are dead. (花瓶里的花已经死了。) 26. preview 词性: n. (名词) / v. (动词) 词义: 预告；预演；预习 近义词: n. trailer; v. screen in advance 反义词: n. review (回顾) 常见搭配: movie preview, preview a lesson 例句: We watched a preview of the new movie before it came out. (在那部新电影上映前，我们看了它的预告片。) 27. predict 词性: v. (动词) 词义: 预测，预言 近义词: forecast, foresee 词性转换: prediction (n. 预测), predictable (adj. 可预测的) 常见搭配: predict the future, hard to predict 例句: It’s difficult to predict what the weather will be like next week. (很难预测下周的天气会怎样。) 28. shock 词性: n. (名词) / v. (动词) 词义: 震惊；震动；使震惊 近义词: n. surprise; v. astonish 反义词: v. comfort, reassure 词性转换: shocking (adj. 令人震惊的) 常见搭配: get a shock, be shocked at 例句: The news of his sudden death was a great shock to everyone. (他突然去世的消息令所有人震惊。) 29. sort 词性: n. (名词) / v. (动词) 词义: 种类；分类；整理 近义词: n. type, kind; v. classify, organize 反义词: v. mix up 常见搭配: all sorts of, sort out 例句: What sort of music do you like? (你喜欢哪种音乐？) / I need to sort my books by subject. (我需要把我的书按科目整理好。) 30. strategy 词性: n. (名词) 词义: 策略，计谋 近义词: plan, tactic 词性转换: strategic (adj. 战略的) 常见搭配: learning strategy, business strategy 例句: The team discussed their strategy for winning the game. (队伍讨论了他们赢得比赛的策略。) 31. fox 词性: n. (名词) 词义: 狐狸；狡猾的人 词性转换: foxy (adj. 狡猾的) 常见搭配: as sly as a fox (像狐狸一样狡猾) 例句: The fox is often described as a clever animal in stories. (在故事里，狐狸常被描述为一种聪明的动物。) 32. soup 词性: n. (名词) 词义: 汤 近义词: broth 词性转换: soup spoon (n. 汤匙) 常见搭配: chicken soup, a bowl of soup 例句: On a cold day, nothing is better than a hot bowl of soup. (在寒冷的日子里，没什么比一碗热汤更好的了。) 33. beak 词性: n. (名词) 词义: (鸟的) 喙 近义词: bill 常见搭配: bird’s beak 例句: The eagle used its sharp beak to catch the fish. (老鹰用它锋利的喙抓住了鱼。) 34. jar 词性: n. (名词) / v. (动词) 词义: 罐子；广口瓶；使震动 近义词: n. pot, container; v. shake 反义词: v. soothe 常见搭配: a jar of jam, on the jar (半开着) 例句: She keeps the cookies in a glass jar. (她把饼干放在一个玻璃罐里。) 35. neck 词性: n. (名词) 词义: 脖子；颈状部位 词性转换: necklace (n. 项链) 常见搭配: neck and neck (并驾齐驱), pain in the neck (讨厌的人或事) 例句: He wore a scarf around his neck to keep warm. (他脖子上围着一条围巾来保暖。) 36. scene 词性: n. (名词) 词义: 场面；场景；景色 近义词: setting, sight, view 词性转换: scenery (n. 风景) 常见搭配: the scene of the accident, behind the scenes (幕后) 例句: The final scene of the movie was very moving. (这部电影的最后一幕非常感人。) 37. regular 词性: adj. (形容词) 词义: 定期的；规则的；常规的 近义词: usual, normal, steady 反义词: irregular, occasional 词性转换: regularly (adv. 定期地) 常见搭配: regular exercise, regular customer 例句: It’s important to have regular meals for good health. (为了健康，规律饮食很重要。) 38. owner 词性: n. (名词) 词义: 物主，所有人 近义词: possessor, holder 词性转换: own (v. 拥有), ownership (n. 所有权) 常见搭配: pet owner, business owner 例句: The owner of the bookstore is very friendly. (这家书店的老板非常友好。) 39. weak 词性: adj. (形容词) 词义: 虚弱的；薄弱的 近义词: feeble, frail 反义词: strong, powerful 词性转换: weaken (v. 削弱), weakness (n. 弱点) 常见搭配: weak point, feel weak 例句: After the illness, she felt very weak for a few weeks. (病愈后，她有好几个星期都感觉很虚弱。) 40. mirror 词性: n. (名词) / v. (动词) 词义: 镜子；反映 近义词: n. looking glass; v. reflect 常见搭配: look in the mirror, mirror image (镜像) 例句: She looked at herself in the mirror. (她照了照镜子。) 41. tire 词性: v. (动词) / n. (名词) 词义: (使) 疲劳；轮胎 近义词: v. exhaust, wear out; n. tyre 反义词: v. refresh, energize 词性转换: tired (adj. 疲倦的), tiring (adj. 令人疲倦的) 常见搭配: tire out, flat tire (瘪胎) 例句: The long journey tired the children. (长途旅行让孩子们疲惫不堪。) 42. bored 词性: adj. (形容词) 词义: 感到无聊的 近义词: uninterested, weary 反义词: interested, excited, entertained 词性转换: bore (v. 使厌烦), boring (adj. 无聊的) 常见搭配: be bored with, get bored 例句: He was bored with the repetitive work. (他对重复性的工作感到厌倦。) 43. scare 词性: v. (动词) / n. (名词) 词义: 惊吓，使害怕；恐慌 近义词: v. frighten, terrify; n. fright 反义词: v. calm, reassure 词性转换: scary (adj. 可怕的), scared (adj. 害怕的) 常见搭配: scare away, scare sb. to death 例句: The loud noise scared the baby and made her cry. (巨大的响声吓到了宝宝，让她哭了起来。) 44. fisherman 词性: n. (名词) (复数：fishermen) 词义: 渔夫，渔民 近义词: angler 词性转换: fishing (n. 钓鱼), fishery (n. 渔场) 常见搭配: an old fisherman, fisherman’s tale (不可信的故事) 例句: The fisherman caught a big fish early in the morning. (渔夫一大早就捕到了一条大鱼。) 45. leading 词性: adj. (形容词) 词义: 主要的；领导的 近义词: main, chief, primary 反义词: minor, secondary 词性转换: lead (v. 领导), leader (n. 领导者) 常见搭配: leading role, leading cause 例句: She played the leading role in the school play. (她在学校话剧里扮演主角。) 46. depend 词性: v. (动词) 词义: 依赖；取决于 近义词: rely, count 词性转换: dependent (adj. 依赖的), dependence (n. 依赖) 常见搭配: depend on/upon, it depends (视情况而定) 例句: Whether we go for a picnic depends on the weather. (我们是否去野餐取决于天气。) 47. funny 词性: adj. (形容词) 词义: 滑稽的；古怪的 近义词: humorous, amusing, odd 反义词: serious, sad 词性转换: fun (n. 乐趣) 常见搭配: funny story, funny-looking (样子滑稽的) 例句: He told us a very funny joke. (他给我们讲了一个非常滑稽的笑话。) 48. poet 词性: n. (名词) 词义: 诗人 词性转换: poem (n. 诗), poetry (n. 诗歌总称), poetic (adj. 诗的) 常见搭配: famous poet, romantic poet 例句: Li Bai is one of the greatest poets in Chinese history. (李白是中国历史上最伟大的诗人之一。) 49. playwright 词性: n. (名词) 词义: 剧作家 近义词: dramatist 词性转换: play (n. 戏剧) 常见搭配: a famous playwright 例句: Shakespeare was a great English playwright. (莎士比亚是一位伟大的英国剧作家。) 50. classical 词性: adj. (形容词) 词义: 古典的；经典的 近义词: traditional, classic 反义词: modern, popular 词性转换: classic (n./adj. 经典作品/经典的) 常见搭配: classical music, classical literature 例句: I enjoy listening to classical music when I study. (我喜欢在学习时听古典音乐。) 51. punish 词性: v. (动词) 词义: 惩罚，处罚 近义词: discipline, penalize 反义词: reward, forgive 词性转换: punishment (n. 惩罚) 常见搭配: punish sb. for sth. 例句: The teacher had to punish the students for cheating on the test. (老师不得不惩罚那些考试作弊的学生。) 52. single 词性: adj. (形容词) / n. (名词) 词义: 单一的；单身的；单程票 近义词: adj. one, only, unmarried 反义词: adj. multiple, married 词性转换: singly (adv. 单独地) 常见搭配: a single room, single parent 例句: There wasn’t a single cloud in the sky. (天空中一朵云也没有。) 53. imagination 词性: n. (名词) 词义: 想象力；幻想 近义词: creativity, fantasy 反义词: reality, fact 词性转换: imagine (v. 想象), imaginative (adj. 富有想象力的) 常见搭配: use your imagination, beyond imagination 例句: Children often have a wonderful imagination. (孩子们通常有丰富的想象力。) 54. romance 词性: n. (名词) 词义: 浪漫；爱情故事；传奇色彩 近义词: love affair, love story 反义词: realism, nonfiction 词性转换: romantic (adj. 浪漫的) 常见搭配: a story full of romance 例句: She loves reading romance novels. (她喜欢读爱情小说。) 55. romantic 词性: adj. (形容词) 词义: 浪漫的；不切实际的 近义词: loving, sentimental, unrealistic 反义词: unromantic, practical 词性转换: romance (n. 浪漫) 常见搭配: romantic dinner, romantic idea 例句: They had a romantic walk on the beach under the moonlight. (他们在月光下的海滩上浪漫地散步。) 56. certain 词性: adj. (形容词) / pron. (代词) 词义: 确定的；某一；某些 近义词: adj. sure, definite; pron. some 反义词: adj. uncertain, unsure 词性转换: certainly (adv. 当然), certainty (n. 确定性) 常见搭配: be certain of, a certain person 例句: I’m certain that I locked the door before I left. (我确定我离开前锁门了。) 57. silent 词性: adj. (形容词) 词义: 沉默的；寂静的 近义词: quiet, noiseless, still 反义词: noisy, loud, talkative 词性转换: silence (n. 寂静), silently (adv. 安静地) 常见搭配: keep silent, silent night 例句: Please keep silent in the library. (请在图书馆里保持安静。) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $